USA > Iowa > Humboldt County > History of Kossuth and Humbolt counties, Iowa : together with sketches of their cities, villages, and townships, educational, civil, military, and political history, portraits of prominent persons, and biographies of representative citizens > Part 16
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The institution is managed by five trus- tees, elected by the Legislature. Whole number of boys admitted, 818. There are 204 inmates at present, and also 63 in the girls' department, at Michellville. The biennial appropriation for 1880 was $16,900.
STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY.
By aot of the General Assembly ap- proved January 28, 1857, a State Historical Society was provided for in connection with the University. At the commence- ment, an appropriation of $250 was made, to be expended in collecting and preserv- ing a library of books, pamphlets, papers, paintings and other materials illustrative of the history of Iowa. There was appro- priated the sum of $500 per annum to maintain this Society. The management consists of a board of 18 curators, nine appointed by the Governor and nine elected by vote of the Society.
The State Historical Society has pub- lished a series of very valuable collections, including history, biography, sketches, reminiscences, etc., with quite a large number of finely engraved portraits of prominent and early settlers, under the title of "Annals of Iowa."
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
This Society is conducted under the auspices of the State, and is one of the greatest promoters of the welfare of the people under the management of the State government. It should receive more pe- cuniary assistance than it does. The Society holds an annual fair, which has occurred at Des Moines since 1878. At its meetings subjects are discussed of the highest interest and value, and these pro- ceedings are published at the expense of the State.
The officers are a President, Vice-Presi- dent, Secretary, and Treasurer and five Directors. The last hold office for two years, and the other officers one year.
FISH HATCHING-HOUSE.
This was established in 1874, and has for its object the supplying of rivers and lakes with valuable fish. The General Assembly first appropriated the sum of $3,000. Three fish commissioners were appointed, and the State is divided into three districts, one for each commissioner. The Hatching-House was erected near Anamosa, Jones county, and is conducted in the same manner as similar houses in other States. Since 1876 there has been but one commissioner, B. F. Shaw. Mr. Shaw is enthusiastic in his work, and has distributed hundreds of thousands of small fish of various kinds in the rivers and lakes of Iowa. The 16th General Assembly passed an act in 1878 prohibiting the catching of any kind of fish except brook trout from March until June of each year.
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HISTORY OF IOWA.
CHAPTER X.
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POLITICAL.
The Territory of Iowa was organized in 1838, and the following Territorial officers were appointed by President Van Buren: Governor, Robert Lucas, of Ohio; Secre- tary of the Territory, William B. Conway; Chief Justice, Charles Mason, of Burling- ton; Associate Justices, Thomas S. Wilson, of Dubuque, and Joseph Williams, of Pennsylvania; Attorney-General, M. Van Allen, of New York; Marshal, Francis Gehon, of Dubuque.
The first election was for members of the Territorial Legislature and a delegate to Congress. The Democracy controlled the Legislature by a large majority. The vote on Delegate was as follows :
Wm. W. Chapman, Dem 1,490
Peter H. Engle, Dem. 1,454
B. F. Wallace, Whig. 913
David Rorer, Der .. 605
Mr. Talliafero.
80
The election of 1839 was for members of the Second Territorial Legislature, and created little interest.
In 1840, the year of the "hard cider campaign," the interest was awakened, and both parties put in nomination candidates for Delegate to Congress. There was also an election for Constitutional Convention, which was defeated. The vote on Dele- gate was as follows:
A. C. Dodge. Dem
4,009-515
Alfred Rich, Whig.
8,494
Mr. Churchman.
92
The Whigs held a convention in 1841, at Davenport, on the 5th day of May, and adopted the following platform :
WHEREAS, It has pleased the Governor of the Universe, by one of those inscrutable acts the righteousness of which no man may question, to take from the American people their beloved Chief Magistrate, William Henry Harrison, and transfer him from this to another, and, we trust, to a better world; therefore,
Resolved, That we sincerely mourn over and deplore the loss of one whose services in every department of society have been so pre-emi- nently useful. As a citizen, he was beloved for his rectitude and benevolence; as a soldier, dis- tinguished for his bravery and success; as a stalesman, his ability, purity and patriotism were remarkable; as a Christian, he was humble and pious. In short, his whole character was made up of traits seldom to be found in men occupying the place in society he filled, and is worthy f imitation by all those who love their country.
Resolved, As a token of our sorrow on this providential bereavement, we will wear the usual badge of mourning thirty days; and that We concur with President Tyler on recommend- ing to the people of the United States that the 14th of May be observed as a day of fasting and prayer.
Resolved, That we have full confidence in the ability and current political sentiments of Jobn
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Tyler, who, by the voice of the people and the Providence of God, now fills the Executive Chair of the United States.
Resolved, That we recognize in John Cham- bers, the gentleman lately appointed to the Ex- ecutive Chair of Iowa, a sterling Democratic Whig; one whose early life is honorably identi- fied with the history of our late war with Great Britain; and whose uniform devotion to the best interests of our country affords us a sure guar- anty of his usefulness in this Territory.
Alfred Rich was again nominated for Delegate to Congress.
The Democrats held their convention June 7, at Iowa City, and passed the fol- lowing resolutions :
WHEREAS, The Federalista, or self-styled Whigs of Iowa, flushed with their recent victory in the Presidential contest, and secure in the enjoyment of power, are laboring zealously and perseveringly to effect a revolution in the polit- ical character of the Territory, to accomplish which all their united energies will be brought into action at the next general election; and,
WHEREAS, The Democracy here, as well as elsewhere, believing the principles of their party to be based upon the immutable and eternal doc- trines of right and justice, feel it to be their duty to maintain and assert them upor all prop- er occasions-in the hour of defeat as when tri- umphant; and,
WHEREAS, By union and harmony, exertion and activity, we can administer a rebuke to tbe arrogant spirit of Federalism, at our next gen- eral election, which, while it will exhibit Iowa to the Democracy of the Union in the most en- viable light, will also demonstrate to the enemies of our principles the futility and hopelessness of their efforts to obtain the ascendency; there- fore,
Resolved, That it is the duty of every Democrat of Iowa, no matter what may be his station in life, to be watchful, vigilant and active in main- taining the ascendency of his party in the Ter- ritory; and it is earnestly urged upon all that
they lay aside local questions and sectional feel- ings, and unite heart and hand in exterminating their common enemy, Federalism, from the Territory.
Resolved, That Iowa, in defiance of the efforts of the National administration to throw around her the shackles of Federalism, is, and will con- tinue to be, Democratic to the core; and she spurns, with a proper indignation, the attempt of those in power to ensiave her, by sending her rulers from abroad, whose chief recon- mendation is, that they have not only been noisy, but brawling, clamorous politicians.
Resolved, That in the appointment of David Webster to be Secretary of the State, we see the destinies of our beloved country committed to the hands of a man who, during the late war with Great Britain, pursued a course to which the epithet of "moral treason" was justly ap- plied at the time. In the gioomiest period of the war, Mr. Webster was found acting, upon ali occasions, in opposition to every war meas- ure brought forward by the friends of the country; and the journals of Congress and specches of Mr. Webster clearly established the fact that, though not a member, he connived at and leagued in with the traitorons Hartford Con- vention.
Resolved, That the recent astounding and extraordinary disclosures made by the stock- holders of the United States Bank, with regard to the mismanagement, fraud and corruption of that wholesale swindling institution, prove the correctness of the course of the Democracy of the Nation in refusing to grant it a new charter, and redounds greatly to the sagacity, honesty and Roman firmness of our iate venerable and iron-nerved President, Andrew Jackson.
Resolved, That the distribution of the public lands is a measure not only fraught with evil, on the grounds of its illegality, but that, were it carried into effect, would greatly prejudice the rights and interests of the new States and Ter- ritories.
Resolved, That a permanent prospective pre- emption law is the only effectuai means of securing to the hardy pioneer his home,-the
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result of his enterprise and toil, which alone has brought our lovely and cultivated plains from the rude hand of nature to their present high state of cultivation.
Resolved, That in Thomas H. Benton, the bold and fearless leader of the Democracy of our country, on this as well as all the matters of western policy, we behold the poor man's true and firmest friend, in whom, as the advocate of their interests aud rights, they have the highest confidence, and on whom they can rely for sup- port and protection in the enjoyment of rights and privileges which it has ever been the policy of the Federalists to divest them of.
Resolved, That Democracy is based upon the principies of equal rights and justice to ali men; that to deprive man of the privileges bestowed upon him by the laws of nature and his country, without yielding him a just equivalent, is to take from him all that renders life worthy his possession-independence of action; such we believe to be the effect of the recent order of the present Chief Magistrate.
Resolved, That we respect all, of whatever station, who boldly and fearlessly advocate our rights and secure us in the frec enjoyment of the same, while we heartily despise and con- demn those, come from whence they may, who are leagued with our enemies in their efforts to wrest from us our homes and sacred aitars.
Resolved, That it is the characteristic doctrine of Democracy to secure to all the enjoyment of rights and privileges inallenable to freemen, and that the proscription of foreigners by the Federalists is a contracted effort to secure to themselves the inestimable privileges of free- dom and free government, and thus cut off a large portion of the human famlly from rights which the charter of our liberties declare are granted to all.
Gen. A. C. Dodge was placed in nom- ination, and elected by the following vote: A. C. Dodge, Dem .4,828-518 Alfred Rich, Whig 4,815
No platforms were adopted by the par- ties in 1842; neither was there in 1843. . party.
William H. Wallace was nominated by the Whigs and A. C. Dodge by the Dem- ocrats for Delegate to Congress. The vote stood:
A. C. Dodge, Dem. .6,084-1,272 William Wallace, Whig. .4,813
On the 9th day of January, 1844, the Whigs met in convention, at Iowa City, and without making nominations adopted the following platform:
Resolved, That ; ublic meetings for the free in. terchange of feelings and opinions on the part of the American people, in regard to important measures, are Interwoven with our political insti- tutlons, and necessary to the perpetuity of our national liberty.
Resolaed, That it is the duty of all patriots to keep a watchful eye upon their ruiers, and to resist at the threshold every inroad to cor- ruption; that we deprecate the prostitution of the patronage of the President and of the dif- ferent officers of the Government to the services of a party and the practice of offering the offices of honor and profit as a reward for political treachery; that we believe this exercise of ; ower to be eminently dangerous to the political integ- rity and patriotism of the country, and that a limitation to one Presidential term would, in a great degree, arrest the progress of corruption and political profligacy.
Resolved, That inasmuch as the States, in the formation of the constitution, surrendered to tl e General Government exclusive control of all the sources of incidental revenue and reserved to themselves the right of taxation alone as a source of revenue to meet their individual wants; justice, reason, and common honesty require that the General Government should provide an incidental revenue equal to ail the wants of the Government, without resorting to the proceeds of the public lands or the odious and oppressive measure of direct taxation :18 contended for by the so - called Democratic
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Resolved, That we regard the proceeds of the sales of public lands as the legitimate property of the States, and as only a trust fund in the hands of the General Government, and that the trust should be executed without further delay by a distribution of the same among the States and Territories; that this measure is especially a debt of justice at this time, when many of the States are groaning with taxation and almost driven to bankruptcy by an accumulation of debts, whichhave resulted in a great measure from the ruinous policy of the so-called Demo- cratic party.
Resolved, That we deprecate experimenta in legislation where the result is uncertain and un- ascertainable, and that while we should avoid the errors of the past, we should cling with unflinching tenacity to those institutions which have successfully stood the test of experiment, and have received the sanction and support of the framers of the constitution.
Resolved, That we deem the establishment of a national currency of certain value and every- where received, as indispensably necessary to the greatest degree of national prosperity; that the international commerce of this widely ex- tended country is greatly retarded and heavily burdened with taxation by the want of a com- mon medium of exchange, and that it is the constitutional duty of the General Government to remove all impediments to its successful pros- ecution, and to foster and encourage the internal commerce and enterprise, the interchange of commodities among the States, not only by a reasonable system of internal improvements of a general character, but also by furnishing to the nation a currency of equal value in ali parts of its wide-spread domain, and that the exper- ience of the past fully proves that this end has been accomplished by a national bank, can be again accomplished by a national bank, and in no way so safely and so certainly as by the agency of a weli regulated national bank.
Resolved, That a tariff which will afford a rev- enue adequate to all the wants of the General Government, and at the same time protect the agricultural and mechanical industry of the American people, is a measure necessary to secure the prosperity of the country, and
warmly advocated by the Whig party of this Territory.
Resolved, That although we have no right to vote at the approaching Presidential election, yet we look forward to the exertions of our friends of the States for the elevation of Henry Clay to the Chief Magistracy of the Union with intense interest and assurance of our most ardent wishes for their success.
Resolved, That governments should be admin- istered so as to produce the greatest good to the greatest number, and that this is true Democracy; that the seif-styled Democratic party, by the policy they have pursued for the last ten years in their efforts to destroy the prosperity of our farmers and mechanics by rejecting a tariff for revenue and protection, by destroying the best currency ever possessed in any nation, by seek- ing to deprive us of all currency except gold and silver, in refusing to the indebted States relief by paying to them their proportion of the proceeds of the public lands, in their continued uniform and violent opposition to all measures calculated to advance the national and individ- ual prosperity, by means of the encouragement of commerce and internal improvements, by a narrow and selfish policy in converting the ex- ecutive power into an engine of party, by their federal and aristocratic exertions to maintain the veto power, and consolidate all the powers of Government in one leader, thereby rendering the administration of the Government a mere machine of party, in their repeated efforts to undermine and destroy the constitution and laws of Congress, by openly disregarding the rights secured by those laws, in their demoraliz- ing efforts to induce the States to disregard their honor and repudiate their debts, in their open violation of private rights, by repealing charters and violating the obligation of contract; in short, by their whole policy and principles which, in a time of peace, and abundant crops, and with the smiles of heaven, have reduced this wealthy, proud and prosperous nation to actual bank- ruptcy, rational and individual, they have for- feited the name of Democrata, and as a party are no longer to be trusted with the reins of power.
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The Democrats adopted no platform in 1844.
The Legislature on the 12th of February, 1844, passed another act submitting the question of a constitutional convention to the people, which was carried. A consti- tution was framed by this convention, and Congress passed an act providing for the admission of Iowa as a State; but curtail- ing the northern and western boundaries. At an election held in April, 1845, the people rejected the constitution. The August election, 1845, was for Delegate to Congress. Ralph P. Lowe secured the Whig nomination, while A. C. Dodge was nominated for re-election by the Demo- crats. The vote stood:
A.C. Dodge, Dom. 7,512-831 R. P. Lowe, Whig, .6,681
In April, 1876, delegates were chosen to a second constitutional convention, which met at Iowa City, May 4, 1846. The con- stitution framed by this body was accepted by the people in August, Congress having repealed the obnoxious features respecting boundaries, giving Iowa the territory to which it was justly entitled.
After the adoption of this constitution, the Whigs met in convention at Iowa City, September 25, and nominated the following State ticket: Governor, Thos. Mcknight; Secretary of State, James H. Cowles; Auditor of State, Eastin Morris; Treasurer of State, Egbert T. Smith. The following platform was adopted:
Resolved, That, considering it our duty, as Whigs, to effect a thorough organization of our party, and, by use of all honorable means, faith- fully and diligently strive to ensure the success of our political principles in the State of Iowa.
Resolved, That we, as Whigs, do proudly and unhesitatingly proclaim to the world the follow- ing distinctive and leading principles, that we, as a party, avow and advocate, and which, if carried out, we honestly believe will restore our beloved country to its prosperity, and its insti- tutlons to their pristine purity:
1. A sound national currency, regulated by the will and authority of the people.
2. A tariff that shali afford sufficient revenne to the national treasury and just protection to American labor.
8. More perfect restraints npen executive power, especially upon the exercise of the vetc ..
4. An equitable distribution of the proceeds of the sales of the pollic lands among all the States.
5. One Presidential term.
6. Expenditure of the surplus revenue in national improvements that will embrace the great rivers, lakes, and maln arteries of com- munication throughont our country, thus secur- ing the most efficient means of defense in war and commercial intercourse in peace.
Resolved, That the re-enactment of the thrice condemned sub-treasury, which will have the effect of drawing all coin from circulation and locking it up in the vaults and safes of the Gen- eral Government, the passage of Mckay's British tariff bili discriminating in favor of foreign and against American labor, and striking a blow, intended to be fatal, to home market for Ameri- can agricultural productions, and the executive veto of the river and harbor bill which paralyzes the western farmer's hope of just facilities for transporting his surplus products to a market. and cripples the enegies of commerce in every division of the Union, should consign the present administration to a condemnation so deep that the hand of political resurrection could never . reach it.
Resolved, That we hold these truths to be self. evident, that the fortr-ninth degree of north latitude is not fifty-four degrees, forty minutes; that James K. Polk's late letter was a deception and falsehood of a character so base as none but the most dishonorable mind would bave resorted to; that Mckay's tariff is not a judicious revenue
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tariff affording incidental protect to American industry; that the annexation of Texas is not a peaceful acquisition; that lamp-black and rags, though called treasury notes and drawn on a bankrupt treasury, are not the constitutional currency, and that locofocoism is not Democ- racy.
Resolved, That we believe the American sys- tem of Henry Clay, as exemplified in.the tariff of 1842, is essential to the independence and happiness of the producing ciasses of the United States; that in its protection of home protec- tions it nerves the arm of the farmer and makes glad the hearts of the mechanic and mannfac- turer by ensuring them a constant and satisfac- tory remuneration for their toils, and that it is found by the test of experience to be the only permanent check on the excessive importations of former years, which have been the principal cause of hard times, repudiation, bankruptcy, and dishonor.
Resolved, That we regard the adoption of the constitution at the recent election, by reason of the highly illiberal character of some of its pro- visions, as an event not calculated to promote the future welfare and prosperity of the State of Iowa, and that it is our imperative duty to pro- cure its speedy amendment.
Resolved, That we piedge ourselves to use our utmost exertions to keep up a thorough organi- zation of the Whig party in Iowa; and although our opponents claim erronerusly, as we believe, to possess an advantage in numbers and depend upon ignorance, prejudice and credulty for suc- cess, yet, having a superiority in the principles we profess, we have implicit confidence in the dawning ef a brighter day, when the clouds and darkness of locofocoism will be dispelled by the cheering rays and invigorating influence of truth and knowledge.
On motion, it was
Resolved, That we recommend to the support of the people of Iowa, at the coming election, the ticket nominated by this convention; that we believe the candidates to be good men, and that the members of this convention, in behalf of those for whom they act, pledge to them a cordial and zealous support.
The Democratic Convention was held September 24, which nominated the fol- lowing ticket: Governor, Ansel Briggs; Secretary of State, E. Cutler, Jr .; Auditor of State, J. T. Fales; Treasurer, Morgan Reno.
The following platform was adopted:
Resolved, That the conduct of James K. Polk, since he has been President of the United States, and particularly during the last session of Con. gress, has been that of an unwavering and un- flinching Democrat; that Young Hickory has proved himself to be a true scion of Old Hick. ory; and we tender to him and his coadjutors in the executive department the gratitude of the people of the State of Iowa.
Resolved, That the recent session of Congress has been one of the greatest importance to the people of these United States, since the time of Mr. Jefferson, and we confidently regard the acts passed by it, particularly the passage of the Independent Treasury Biii, the settlement of the Oregon question (though the people of Iows would have preferred 54, 40), and the re- peal of the odious tariff act of 1842, as destined to advance the welfare, promote the interest, and add to the peace and harmony not only of our people, but of the civilized world.
Resolved, That the repeal of the unjust, un- equal and fraudulent tariff act of 1842, at the recent session of Congress, deserves the highest praise from the people of Iowa, and entitles those members of Congress who voted for it to the lasting gratitude of all good citizens; that by its minimum and specific duties-by its unequal and nnjust protection of the captalists and moneyed institutions, and by its casting the burden of taxation upon the laboring masses, and exempting the uper ten thousand, it was absolutely a federal tariff, based on the doc- trines of the great God-like Belshazzer of Massa. chusetts, viz: "Let the Government take care of the rich, and the rich take care of the poor"; that the conduct of the Vice-President of the United States, upon that great question of the age, entitles him to the highest place in the con- fidence of the Democracy of the United States.
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