USA > Iowa > Fayette County > Oelwein > The Telegraph-herald's abridged history of the state of Iowa and directory of Fayette County, including the city of Oelwein, with a complete classified business directory; > Part 25
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1680. Wm Sayle, with Ashley River settlers, moved to Oyster Point, and began Charleston, S. C. Louis Hennepin discovered the Falls of St. Anthony. New Hampshire was detached front Massachusetts and made a royal province. The Iroquois desolated the Illinois valley. La Salle built Ft. Crevecoeur, near Peoria, Ill. Du Luth rescued Hennepin from the Sioux. In December, appeared the "Great Comet," of which Increase Mather said, "Its appearance was very terrible, the Blaze ascended above 60 degrees, almost to its zenith." Cnlpepper began a "reign of terror" in Virginia.
1681. Charles II. granted three degrees of latitude by five degrees of longi- tude, west of Delaware, which he called Pennsylvania (Penn's Woods) to Wm. Penn, March 14. Penn sent Wm. Markham, deputy governor, with settlers to Pennsylvania. The Duke of York sold Delaware to Wm. Penn.
1682. Wm. Penn landed at Newcastle, Del. La Salle and Tonty went down the Mississippi to its mouth, calling its great. basin Louisiana and a territory of. France. Wmn. Penn made a treaty with the Indians under an elm on the site
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of Kensington, "probably on the last day of November." Penn convened the first assembly of Pennsylvania at Chester, December 4.
1683. Thos. Dongan was made governor of New York. GovernorDongan convened the first assembly of representatives of New York, who established a "Charter of Liberties." Seth Sothel was made governor of Carolina. Weekly Post established in Philadelphia. First mill put up at Chester, Pa.
1684. Francis Makemie established the first Presbyterian church in Ameri- ca, at Snow Hill, Maryland. Culpepper deposed, and Virginia made a royal province. Increase Mather published "Remarkable Provinces," proving the reality of witchcraft. Charles II. took away the Massachusetts charter, and nade the colony a royal province. La Barre, governor of Canada, was oblidged to treat with the Five Natoins at Famine Cove.
1685. James II. king of England, February 6. La Salle missed the mouth ot the Mississippi, and landed his Frence settlers for Louisiana at Matagorda Bay, February 16, building Ft. St. Louis, Texas. Wm. Bradford set up a print- ing press in Philadelphia. Dongan granted the Livingston Manor, N. Y., to Robert Livingston. Philadelphia had 600 houses and 2,000 people. James II.
1686. Du Luth built a stockade at Detroit, on the west side of the Strait. Governor Dongan made Albany a city, July 22, Peter Schuyler being first mayor. Sir Edmund Andros arrived at Boston, December 30, to govern New England.
1687. La Salle was murdered near Trinity River, March 19. De Denon- ville, governor of Canada, with 300 men, invaded the Seneca country and made general havoc; he garrisoned Fort Niagara. John Page, of Rosewell, Va., wrote "A Deed of Gift to My Dear Son, Capt. Matt. Page." When Andros demanded the Connecticut charter, the candles were suddenly extinguished, enabling Capt. Wadsworth to hide it in an oak tree, October 31.
1688. At the command of the Five Nations, or Iroquois, Denonville des- troyed his fort at Niagara. Cotton Mather pronounced Mrs. Glover a witch, beginning the persecution against witches in New England. Francis Nicholson made governor of New York.
1689. First war with the French and Indians, "King William's War," begun. Coode's insurrection in Maryland. Jacob Leisler, with popular consent, displaced Governor Nicholson at New York. The Bostonians seized Andros, April 28, and shipped him to England. The French and Indians took Dover, and murdered Major Waldron, July 7. Fifteen hundred Iroquois murdered the people of La Chine, near Montreal, August 5. The French took Pemaquid, August 12. William and Mary.
1690. Frontenac, governor of Canada, sent three war parties, led by Sainte- Helene, Hertel, and Portneuf, against the English. First Anglo-American Con- giess met in New York, May 1. Sir Win. Phips took Port Royal, May 11. Sir Wm. Phips, with 32 ships and 2,200 men, sailed for Quebec August 9. At Ports- mouth, N. H., John Taylor built the "Falkland," with 54 guns, the first man-of- war built in the United States. In October, Phips bombarded Quebec, and Walley assaulted it by land, but Frontenac drove both off; to pay for this Mass- achusetts issued the first paper money in the United States
1691. Henry Sloughter was made governor of New York. Leisler and Milbarne, for usurping supreme authority, were executed on the site of Tam- many Hall, N. Y., May 16. Maryland was made a royal province. Major Peter Schuyler, with 266 men, went from Albany dawn the Richelieu to La Prairie, and made general destruction, but was sorely harassed on his return.
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1692. Harvard made Increase Mather a D. D., the first in America. Will- Iam IJI. sent a charter that made Masachusetts, Plymouth, Maine and Nova Scotia one province, Massachusetts. Religious toleration was abolished in Maryland and the Church of England was made the state shurch. Pennsylvania was taken from Penn, October 31, and put under the governor of New York.
1693. Culture of rice was begun in Carolina. Mantet, Courtemanche, and La Noue, with 625 Frenchmen and Indians, left Montreal, and on snow shoes reached the Mohawk country, February 16, where they burnt two towns, killed or made captive the people, and then departed for Canada, pursued by Peter Schuyler. Rev. James Blair obtained a charter for William and Mary College, Virginia. Post Office was established in Boston. .
1696. Trinity Church, New York, erected. Frontenac, with 2,200 men came up the Oswego, and attacked the Onondagas; and for two days destroyed the crops and stored corn; Vaudreuil destroying Oneida. Wm. Bradford began printing in New York.
1697. Abenaki Indians attacked Haverhill, March 15, and carried off Hannah Dustan, Mary Neff, and an English boy; but, while on their way to the Indian village, the three prisioners one night seized hatchets, killed their sleep- ing captors, scalped them, escaped to Haverhill, and received £50 for the ten scalps. Treaty of Ryswick, September 20.
1099. Lemoine d' Iberville built a fort at Biloxi, La. Capt. Wm. Kidd, the pirate, was inveigled into Boston and captured.
1700. Wm. Penn suggested a union of all the English colonies. City Hall, on Wall Street, New York, built. New York passed an act July 31, to hang "every popish priest" that might come into the province. Library was provided foi Yale College, by ten clergymen, who met at Saybrook.
1701. La Mothe-Cadillac founded Detroit, July 21. French colonists settled at Mobile The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts was established. (Yale) college chartered October 9 and established at Saybrook. Philadelphia was made a city October 25; Edward Shippen being the first mayor.
1702. Second war with French and Indians, "Queen Anne's War," begun. East and West Jersey united, and New Jersey made a royal province. Queen Ann began to reign March 8. Governor Moore of Carolina, led an expedition against St. Augustine, but accomplished nothing. Anne.
1704. Hertel de Rouville sacked Deerfield, Marsh 11, and carried off John Williams, the minister. John Campbell began the "Boston Newsletter," April 24, the regular newspaper in America. Peregrine White died at Marshfield, July 22.
1705. The first free grammer school in New York was opened. Grace Sherwood, in Virginia, was tested for witchcraft by immersion. Robert Bever- ley published "History of Virginia."
1706. Benjamin Franklin was born in Boston January 17. Seven Presby- terian clergymen organized the Presbytery of Philadelphia. Five Frence and Spanish men-of war attempted to take Charleston, but were beaten off by the citizens.
1708. Names first given to the streets of Boston. Hertel de Rouville sacked Haverhill, Mass. "Saybrook Platform" formed, obliging all the clergymen of Connecticut to meet yearly to consider church affairs. Thos. Short began print- ing in) New London, Conn. Wm. Penn imprisoned for debt.
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1710. Sir Alex. Spottswood made governor of Virginia. Colonel Nicholson took Port Royal, N. S., Oct. 13, and changed the name to Annapolis.
1711. Sir Hovenden Walker left Boston, August 10, to conquer Canada; having failed to reach Quebec, he lost eight ships and 1,000 men in the St. Law- rence, September 2.
1712. Old State House, Boston, built. Carolina divided into North Carolina and South Carolina (?) The Ontagamies besieged Detroit. Christopher Hassey, a Nantucket fisherman, captured the first spermaceti whale. Copper mine begun at Simsburg, Conn.
1713. By the treaty of Utrecht, April 11, England obtained Acadia (Nova Scotia). The Five Nations, being joined by the Tuscaroras, became the Six Nations.
1714. George I. made king of England August 1. George 1.
1716. First lighthouse for Boston harbor erected on Beacon Island. French settled Natchez, Miss. Maryland restored to Lord Baltimore, and the first form of government re-established. Gov. Spottswood, of Virginia, and a body of choice companions, made an expedition, for pleasure and exploration, beyond the Blue Ridge. Thomas Rutter established the first iron works in Pennsyl- vania, near Pottstown.
1717. Great snow storm in New England, February 20-24, snow 10 to 20 feet deep. Yale College removed from Saybrook to New Haven. Bellamy, the pirate, wrecked on Cape Cod, where he and 100 men perished.
1718. M. de Bienville founded New Orleans. Culture of rice begun in Louisiana. Death of Wm. Penn, July 30. John Theach, "Blackbeard," the famous pirate, shot in Pamlico Bay, and thirteen of his followers hung at Williamsburg, Va.
1719. Tunkers came to Pennsylvania. Potatoes introduced into Mass- achusetts. 'The House of Commons forbade the manufacture of iron in the colonies. The French settled at Jefferson City, Mo. Andrew Bradford, post- master of Philadelphia, began the American Weekly Mercury," December 22.
1723. M. de Bienville made New Orleans the capital of Louisiana. Christ Church, Boston, dedicated. Twenty-six pirates, natives of Rhode Island, Con- recticut and New York, executed at Newport, Rhode Island.
1724. Fort Dummer erected, on site of Battleborough; the first settlement in Vermont. Father S. Rasseles murdered at Norridgewock.
1725. James Otis born at West Barnstable, Mass., February5. Governor Burnet of New York erected a trading post at Oswego. Wm. Bradford began the "New York Gazette," October 16, the first newspaper in New York City.
1727. Samuel Kneeland began in Boston the "New England Weekly Jour- Dal," March 20. Burnet, governor of New York, erected Fort Oswego. Ben- jamin Franklin, in Philadelphia, organized the "Junto," a chug for mutual improvement. In Annapolis, Wm. Parks began the "Maryland Gazette." George Il. made king of England, June 10. Earthquake in New England, October 29.
1728. Samuel Keimer, in Philadelphia, began the "Pennsylvania Gazette." Cotton Mather, son of Increase Mather, and author of 382 printed books, died. Vitus Behring passed through Behring Strait, proving the insularity of America.
1730. Old South Church, Boston, built. Lancaster, Pa., settled. Thomas Gowfrey, of Phil., invented what is called Hadley's Quadrat. John Moorhead organized the first Presbyterian Church in Boston.
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1731. Thos. Whitemarsh began the "South Carolina Gazette," January 8, in Charleston. Verendrye discovered the Rocky Mountains. The French erected Fort Frederic, Lake Champlain. Independence Hall, Philadelphia. begun. "Library Company of Philadelphia" organized by Benjamin Franklin; the first in America.
1732. Richard Henry Lee born at Strafford, Va., January 20. Birth of George Washington, February 22. Benjamin Franklin began to publish "Poor Richard's Almanac." Scotch-Irish and Germans settled the Shenandoah Valley. James Franklin began "Rhode Island Gazette," September 27, the first news- paper in Rhode Island The first stage in the United States was established between New York and City of Boston.
1733. General James Ogelthorpe, with 120 immigrants, settled Savannah February 12. Tobacco made a legal tender in Maryland. First Masonic Lodge in America opened in Boston, July 30. Colonel Wm. Byrd laid out Richmond, Va. John Peter Zenger began the "New York Weekly Journal," November 5.
1734. Wm. Johnson came to America, and settled in the Mohawk Valley. Masonic Lodge organized in Philadelphia, Benamin Franklin being Worshipful Master. A Catholic church was built and mass celebrated in Philadelphia. John Peter Zenger, editor of "New York Weekly Journal," imprisoned, Novem- ber 17, for libel; the first arrest for newspaper libel in the United States.
1735. Benjamin Franklin, in the "Gazette," of January 28, said: "By the indulgence of the Honorable Col. Spottswood, Post-Master-General, the printer hereof is allowed to send the 'Gazette' by the post, postage free, to all parts of the post road, from Virginia to New England." John Peter Zenger tried for libel and acquitted, August 4. Religious revival in New England. John Adams born at Braintree, Mass., Oct. 19.
1736. At Williamsburg, Wm. Parks began the "Virginian Gazette," the first newspaper in Virginia. Oglethorpe, accompanied by John Wesley, brought 300 immigrants into Georgia. Wesley first preached in America, March 7, at Savan- nalı. Patrick Henry was born in Virginia, May 29.
1:40. The Dunkers, at Ephrata, Pa., began Sunday School work. Gen. Oglethorpe, foiled in taking St. Augustine, returned to Georgia. George Whit- field arrived in New England, September 14, and assisted at the "Great Awakening," religious revival. University of Pennsylvania established in Philadelphia.
1741. "The Negro Plot" in New York; a succession of fires induced the belief that the negroes had conspired to suppress the whites and to introduce a negro government. Wm. Shirley was made governor of Massachusetts. Culti- vation of indigo begun in Carolina.
1742. Iroquois (Six Nations) chiefs, at Philadelphia, told the Delawares to leave their ancient homes and go to "Wyoming or Shamokin." Oglethorpe crushed the Spaniards at "Bloody Marsh" July 25. Peter Faneuil built Fansuil Hall, Boston, and gave it to the city.
1743. Thos, Jefferson was born at Shadwell, Va., April 2. Christopher Sauer printed the Bible in German, Luther's version. at Germantown, Pa.
1744. Benj. Franklin organized the first literary society in America, "The American Philosophical Society," Thomas Hopkinson being president and Frank- lin secretary. Representatives of Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia, and of
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the Iroquois, met at Lancaster, Pa., July 2, when the Indians, for £400, gave the whites the territory from the Alleghanies to the Mississippi. Third war with the French, "King George's War," begun.
1745. Wm. Pepperell, with an American force, took Louisburg, Cape Brenton, June 17. French and Indians destroyed Saratoga Saratoga November 16. John Jay was born in New York City, December 1.
1746. College of New Jersey, Princeton, founded. Rigaud, with Frenchmen and Indians, took Fort Massachusetts, August 28.
1748. The English formed the Ohio Company to promote settlements west of the Alleghanies. George Washington surveyed Lord Fairfax's estate. Count Galissonniere advised that 10,000 French peasants be settled in the Ohio valley. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, October 8.
1749. Abbe Picquet began his mission at La Presentation (Ogdensburg, N. Y.) Halifax, N. S., founded. Washington and Lee University established at Lexington, Va. The government of Canada sent Bienville into the Ohio. Valley, to take possession of the country, and to bury plates of lead at wide Intervals, for boundry marks.
1751. James Madison born at Port Conway, Va., March 16. Sugar cane first cultivated on the banks of the Mississippi. By order of La Jonquiere, governor of Canada, two English traders on the Ohio were seized and im- prisoned.
1752. The Liberty Bell arrived at Philadelphia. First Merchants' Ex- change opened in New York. Rev. Timothy Dwight born in Massachusetts, May 14. Robert Dinwiddie made governor of Virginia. Benjamin Franklin, by flying a kite, drew electricity from the clouds, proving the identity of light- ning and electricity. Georgia was made a royal province.
1753. George Washington made a Master Mason, Angust 4, at Fredericks- burg, Va. Lewis Hallam's company opened the first regular theatre in New York, September 17, playing the "Conscious Lover." Governor Dinwiddie sent Washington to order the French out of the Ohio country. Washington, accom- panied by Gist, reached Venango, December 4, and ordered Captain Joncarie off British territory.
1754. Washington, with 150 men, reached Great Meadows, May 27. He met the French, May 28, when Jumonville was killed. Representatives of the English colonies met at Albany, June 19, to devise a way of checking the French; Franklin proposed a union of the colonies, but his proposal satisfied neither the British nor the colonists. Washington, defeated by De Villiers, July 4, abandoned Fort Necessity. King's College (Columbia), New York, chartered Oct. 31.
1755. Braddock arrived with two regiments, February 20. Col. Monckton took Beausejour, N. S., June 16 Braddock, with 1,200 men, was defeated near Du Quesne, July 9, by French and Indians. Col. Wm. Johnson defeated the French at Lake George, Sept. 8, and Baron Dieskau fell into his hands. Acadian's taken from their homes and distributed through the colonies. Indians dismissed his forces at Oswego. Franklin introduced lightning rods.
1756. In March, Lery took Fort Bull. Great Britain declared war against France, May 17. Bradstreet beat off De Villiers, near Oswego. Montcalm took Oswego, August 14. "New Hampshire Gazette appeared, first newspaper in New Hampshire. Nassau Hall, Princeton, N. J., built.
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1757. Wm. Pitt took control of affairs in Great Britain. The Delaware chiefs met at Easton, and agreed to peace. Montcalm took Fort Wm. Henry, August 9, Col. Munro not being assisted by Gen. Webb, who held Fort Edward, near by. Beletre, with 300 Canadians and Indians, destroyed a German settle- ment on the Mohawk.
1758. Abercromby was defeated by Montcalm at Ticonderoga, July S, Lord Howe being killed. Admiral Boscawen and Gen. Amherst, Wolfe assasting. took Louisbourg, July 26. Rogers, Dalzell, and Putnam scattered 450 French, August 8, near Whitehall. Bradstreet, with 3,000 provincials, took Fort Fron- tonac, August 27. Major Grant was defeated outside of Fort Du Quesne, losing 300 men. Gen. Forbes took Du Quesne and called it Fort Pitt.
1759. George Washington, "the tallest and handsomest man of the Old Dominion," married Mrs. Curtis, January 6. Johnson took Niagara, July 25. Amherst took Ticonderoga and Crown Point. The Presbyterian Annuity and Life Insurance Company of Philadelphia, the first of its kind in America, was established. Maor Rogers destroyed the Abenakis of St. Francis. Wolfe took Quebec, September 18, Wolfe and Montcalm being both killed.
1760. M. Levi defeated Gen. Murray at Quebec, April 4. The Cherokees took Fort Loudon, August 8, and massacred the garrison. Amherst, with 10,000 men, left Oswego, August 10, for Montreal. Vaudreuil, at Montreal, surrendered Canada to Amherst, September S. Maor Rogers, with 200 rangers, left Montreal, September 13, to take possession of Detroit and other jwestern posts. George III. king of England, October 25. Rogers met Pontiac on the Lake Erie shore. Beletre surrendered Detroit to Rogers, November 29. George III.
1761. Colonel Grant defeated the Cherokees and burnt their towns. "Writs of Assistance" passed. English took possession of Mackinaw. John Winthrop, of Harvard, at St. Johns, Nfld., observed the transit of Venus over the sun's disk, June 6. Capt. Campbell, commandant at Detroit, learned that the Senecas were intriguing with the Wyandots to destroy him and his garrison.
1763. Treaty of Paris, February 10; France ceded her possessions east of the Mississippi to England, and Spain ceded Florida. Pontiac, an Ottawa chief, organized a conspiracy and besieged Detroit, May 11. The Indians took Fort Joseplı, May 25, and Fort Miami, May 27. Cuyler was defeated at Mt. Pelee, May 2S. The Indians took Ouatanon, June 1; Mackinaw, June 2; Presqu-Isle, july 17; Le Boeuf and Venago, June 19; Bloody Run, July 31. Col. Bouquet defeated the Indians at Bushy Run, August 6. He relieved Fort Pitt, August 10. Senecas massacred 500 soldiers at Devil's Hole, September 13.
1764. Rhode Island College, Warren founded. Pierre Chouteau began St. Louis. Mason and Dixon, two English surveyors, began to trace the line between Pennsylvania and Maryland. Bradstreet lett Albany with an army for the Upper Lakes. Sir Wm. Johnson, at Niagara, treated with the Indians. Bradstreet relieved Detroit, August 26. Col. Bouquet led an army into the country of the Delawares and the Shawnees, and compelled them to restore all white prisoners.
1765. First medical school in America added to College of Philadelphia. Great Britain passed the Stamp Act, March 22, by which "all instruments in writing were to be executed on stamped paper, to be purchased from agents of the British government." The "Sons of Liberty" showed themselves. Colonial congress met at NewYork, October 7, Timothy Ruggles being president, and agreed on a Declaration of Rights. The Stamp Act took effect November 1.
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1.66. Irish immigrants began to preach Methodism in New York. Anthra- cite coal was found in Pennsylvania. Rutger's College, New Brunswick, N. J., founded. Great Britain repealed the Stamp Act, March 18, but passed the Declatory Act, contending that Britain had power to "bind the colonies in all cases whatsoever." Pontiac met Sir Wm. Johnson at Oswego, July 23, and confirmed his agreement to peace.
1767. Andrew Jackson born in North Carolina. John Holt began the "New York Journal." Great Britain imposed duties on tea, glass, paper, etc. John Q. Adams born at Braintree, Mass., July 11.
1768. Royal commissioners seized Hancock's sloop, "Liberty." Riots in Boston. Chamber of Commerce, New York, founded, April 5. John Dickinson, of Pennsylvania, published "Farmers' Letters to the Inhabitants of the British Colonies," showing the danger of submitting to parliamentary taxation. Old John Street Church, New York City, dedicated, October 30; first Methodist church in the United States.
1769. John Wesley sent two preachers to America. Boardman to New York, and Pilmoor to Philadelphia. Daniel Boone, with six comrades explored Kentucky. Dartmouth College, Hanover, N. H., founded. An Illinois Indian, bribed by an English trader, killed Pontiac at Cahokia, opposite St. Louis. Friar Junipero Serra, the father of western civilization, settled at San Diego.
1770. Boston massacre March 5. Great Britain repealed all duties except that on tea, April 12. John Murry, the father of Universalism, came to America. Worcester (Mass.) "Spy" appeared. First church (log) in St. Louis dedicated, June 24. Students at Cambridge took degrees in home-spun. Southern planters began to grow cotton.
1771. The Methodist preachers, Francis Asbury and Richard Wright, came to America. Governor Tryon of North Carolina, defeated the "Regulators," and hanged six of them. College of Rhode Island moved to Providence. Wm. Tryon made governor of New York.
1772. The royal schooner "Gaspe," having grounded, was burnt by Provi- dence men, June 10. John Murray, the Earl of Dunmore, was made governor of Virginia. Christopher Sower began the first type foundry in the United States, at Germantown, Pa.
1773. James Rivington began "Rivington's New York Gazette," April 22. First steam engine made in the United States, at Philadelphia. John Randolph was born in Virginia, June 2. Thomas Rankin convened the first annual Methodist conference at Philadelphia,July 4. Fifty Bostonians, disguised as Indians, boarded the tea ships in Boston Harbor, and threw the tea into the water. December 16.
1774. Great Britain closed Boston port, Marsh 7. James Harrod began Harrodsburg, Ky. City of London subscribed $150,000 for the Bostonians. Great Britain passed the Quebec Act, June 18, extending the boundry of Canada to Ohio and Mississippi. First Continental Congress met in Carpenter's Hall, Philadelphia, September 5, Peyton Randolph was president, and framed a Bill of Rights. Half of Plymouth Rock was dragged into Plymouth and a liberty pole put on it.
1775. The British marched to Concord, April 19; Paul Revere aroused the minute men; British driven back to Boston. Second Continental Congress met Ill Independence Hall, Philadelphia, May 10. Ethen Allen took Ticonderoga, May 10. Seth Warner took Crown Point, May 12. Battle of Bunker Hill,
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June 17. Congress made Washington commander of the army, June 17. Washington said,"We must consult 'Brother Jonathan,'" (Jonathan Trum- bull, governor of Connecticut.) Montgomery took Montreal, November 13. Captain Sears wrecked Rivington's "Gazette," N. Y., December 4. Montgomery and Arnold assaulted Quebec, December 31, and Montgomery was killed.
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