USA > Iowa > Fayette County > Oelwein > The Telegraph-herald's abridged history of the state of Iowa and directory of Fayette County, including the city of Oelwein, with a complete classified business directory; > Part 27
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1820. Wm. T. Sherman was born in Ohio, February 8. The "Missouri Compromise," making Missouri a slave State, but prohibiting slavery elsewhere north of 121/2 degrees and west of Mississippi was passed March 12. Maine was released from Massachusetts and admitted to the Union March 15. Commodore Decatur and Commodore Barron fought a duel, March 22, the former being killed. The printers of Albany, N. Y., went on a strike, originating the words "scab" and "rat." First Stock Exchange in New York. No President nominated. Population, 9,633,822.
1821. Grand Lodge of Odd Fellows of Maryland and the United States, instituted February 22. Bill passed to admit Missouri, February 28. James Monroe, President; D. D. Tomkins, Vice-President; John Q. Adams, Secretary of State; Wm. H. Crawford, Secretary of Treasury; John C. Calhoun. Secretary of War; Wm. Wirt, Attorney-General: Smith Thompson, Secretary of Navy; Return J. Meigs, Postmaster-General. Amherst College, Massachusetts, founded. Mrs. Emma Willard began a school for women at Troy, N. Y. Missouri admitted to Union, August10. Mobile "Register" appeared.
1822. "Indiana Gazette," "Indiana State Sentinel" appeared January 28. Boston made a city February 23, John Phillips being the first mayor. United States recognizes the South American republics as independent sovereignties. U. S. Grant was born in Ohio, April 27. Extension of National road from Wheeling to Mississippi. Americans founded a negro Republic at Liberia, Africa, for African freedmen. Cotton mill erected at Lowell, Mass., beginning the city. St. Louis, Mo., made a city December 9, Wm. Carr Lane being the first mayor.
1823. "Zion's Herald, of Boston, appeared January 1. The Indianapolis Journal" appeared March 7. John McLane appointed Postmaster-General, June 26. Rev. Samuel Reed Hall established the first Normal School for training teachers, at. Concord, Vermont. John Rogers appointed Secretary of Navy, September 1. Francis Parkman born in Boston, September 16. Samuel L. Southard appointed Secretary of the Navy,. September 16. The "Monroe Doctrine," America is for Americans, explicitly announced December 1.
1824. "Boston Courier" appeared. The House of Refuge, New York City, conceived by Ed. Livingston, founded; it was the first reform school for juvenile delinquents in the world. Clay passed a high tariff bill. Detroit made a city August 5, John R. Williams, first mayor. Lafayette landed at New York, August 15. Presidential Candidates: Andrew Jackson, John Q. Adams, W. H. Craw- ford, and H. Clay for President; John C. Calhoun, Nat. Sanford, Nat. Macon, and Andrew Jackson for Vice-President. This was the "scrub" race; no candi- date got a majority. Public debt, $83,788,432.
1825. The House made Adams President; John C. Calhoun, Vice-President ; Henry Clay, Secretary of State; Richard Rush, Secretary of Treasury: James
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Barbour, Secretary of War; Wm Wirt, Attorney-General; Samuel L. Southard, Secretary of Navy; John McLean. Postmaster-General. "Sunday Courier," of New York, appeared, the first sunday newspaper. Lafayette laid the corner stone of the Bunker Hill monument, June 17. Homeopathy introduced into the United Staes by Dr. Hans B. Gram. Navy Yard established at Pensacola. Rev. Isaac McCoy, ( Baptist) preached first English sermon in Chicago, October 9. After eight years of great toil, the Erie Canal, "Clinton's Big Ditch," was opened October 26.
1826. Clay and Adams "bargain" hotly debated. "American Society for the promotion of Temperance" formed in Boston, February 13. Clay and Randolph iought a duei, April 8, but neither was hurt. "New Orleans Bee" appeared. Thomas Jefferson and John Adams died July 4. Wm. Morgan, of Patavia having threatened to expose Free Masonry, mysteriously disappeared. James Kent wrote "Commentaries on American Law." Tramway built at Quincy, Mass.
1827. A national convention of protectionists met at Harrisburg, Pa., July 30, and declared for a proctective tariff. Alex Campbell founded the "Disciples of Christ." An angel gave Joseph Smith the plates and the Urim and Thunımin, near Manchester, N. Y., September 22, from which he gathered the "Book of Mormon."
1828. Joseplı Smith organized the Mormnn Church April 6. Congress passed what is called "Tariff of Abominations," May 15. Peter Porter was appointed Secretary of War May 26. Paper first made of straw, at Meadville, Pa. Major-General Alexander Macomb, May 29. Chas. Carroll, at Baltimore, broke ground for the first steam railroad in the United States, July 4. Presiden- tial Candidates: Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun, Democrats, for Presi- dent and Vice-President; John Q. Adams and Richard Rush, National Repub- licans, for President and Vice-President. Noah Webster published "Distionary of the English Language." First popular vote for President.
1829. Andrew Jackson, President; John C. Calhoun, Vice-President; Martin Van Buren, Secretary of State; Sam. D. Ingham, Secretary of Treasury; John H. Eaton, Secretary of War; John M. Berrien, Attorney-General; John Branch, Secretary of the Navy; Wm. T. Barry, Postmaster-General. The "Stourbridge Lion," tic first locomotive in the United States, arrived from England. Presi- dent Jackson displaced hundreds of civil servants, to make places for his followers. The Postmaster-General was made a cabinet officer. Samuel Rust invented the Washington press. The schooner "Michigan" for an exibition, was sent over Niagara Falls.
1830. "Great Debate in the Senate," against and for nullification. Thurlow Reed began the "Journal," at Albany, N. Y., March 22. At the President's birthday celebration, he proposed "Our Federal Union; it mustbe preserved;" tlie Vice-President followed with "Liberty, dearer than the Union." Peter
Cooper built the first American locomotive at Baltimore. The Baltimore & Ohio railroad (14 miles) was opened May 24, beingethe first steam railroad in the United States. Jos. E. Worsester published his Dictionary. Audubon published "The Birds of America." Population, 12,866,020.
1831. Wm. Lloyd Garrison began the "Liberator," in Boston, January 1 the first abolition paper. New York University, New York City, chartered April 18. Detroit "Free Press" appeared May 5. Levi Woodbury was appointed
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Secretary of Navy May 23. Ed. Livingstone appointed Secretary of State, May 24; and Roger B. Taney, Attorney-General, July 20. Harrisburg "Tele- graph" appeared. Lewis Cass appointed Secretary of War, August 1, and Louis McLane appointed Secretary of Treasury, August S. Wm. T. Porter began "Spirit of the Times," N. Y., the first sporting paper. Presidential nominations first made by conventions. Anti-Masons, of Baltimore, September 26, nominated Wm. Wirt, President and Amos Ellmaker, Vice-President. United States Naval Home, at Philadelphia, opened December 4. The National Republicans, at Baltimore, December 12, nominated Henry Clay, President, and John Sergeant, Vice-President.
1852. Bufialo made a city April 20, Ebenezer Johnson, mayor. . The Demo- crats, at Baltimore, May 21, nominated Jackson for for President, and M. Van Buren for Vice-President. Senator Marcy, of New York, said"To the victors belong the spoils." Black Hawk began war. The "Democrat and Chronicle," of Rochester, appeared. The President vetoed the United States Bank Bill, July 10. Cholera. Cincinnati "Times" appeared. Black Hawk was captured. The State Convention, at South Carolina, vetoed the Tariff Acts, November 19, and declared the supreme soverignty of the State. President Jackson declared the soverignty of the Union, December 16, and threatened military coercion, forcing the nullifiers to yield.
1833. Webster, replying to Calhoun, said, February 16, "There can be no secession without a revolution." Clay's Compromise Tariff passed February 26. Andrew Jackson, Presidcat, Martin Van Buren, Vice-Presdeint; Ed. Livingstone, Secretary of State; Louis McLane, Secretary of Treasury; Lewis Cass, Secre- tary of War; Roger B. Tahey, Attorney-General; Levi Woodbury, Secretary of Navy; Wm. T. Barry, Postmaster-General. Louis McLane was appointed Secre- tary of State, and Wm. J. Duane, Secretary of Treasury, May 29. Benj. H. Day began the "Daily Sun," N. Y., September 3, the first cent paper in the United States. Inger B. Taney, was appointed Secretary of Treasury, September 23. Taney took public funds from the United Staes Bank, October 1. The sky was filled with meteors and falling stars, November 13. Benj. F. Butler appointed Attorney-General, November 15.
1831. Brooklyn, N. Y., made a city, April S, Geo. Hall first mayor. Cyrus Ilall McCormick, invented a reaping machine, the first ever used Abolition riots in New York City. National Republicans became Whigs. John Forsyth was appointed Secretary of State, and Levi Woodbury, Secretary of Treasury, June 27. Mahlon Dickerson was appointed Secretary of Navy, June 30. Indian Territory formed June 30. Castle Garden Club Association formed, the first ir the United States. A mob burnt St. Urusla Convent, Mount Benedict, Mass., August 11. Public debt $33,733.
1835. The Buffalo "Commercial" appeared January 1. "Cold Saturday," February 7; Chesapeake Bay frozen over. Osceola began the second Seminole War. Samuel Colt began to make revolving fire arms at Paterson, N.J. Amos Kendall appointed Postmaster-General, May 1. James Gordon Bennett began the New York "Herald" May 6. Mints established at Charlotte, N. C., Dahlonega, Ga., and New Orleans. At New York City University, Sam. F. B. Morse showed the first instrument for telegraphis recording. The "Nashville Union" appeared. Osceola murdered Major Dade and 110 soldiers. $20,000,000 fire in New York City December 16.
1826. Cleveland, Ohio, made a city, March 5, John W. Willey first mayor.
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Roger B. Taney, March 15. Sam Houston defeated Santa Anna at San Jacinto, April 2, making Texas an independent State. The "Toledo Blade" appeared. The Americar. and Foreign Bible Society was formed in New York, May 12. Arkansas admitted to the Union, June 15. President issued "Specie Circular," July 11, insisting that public lands be paid for in silver and gold. The "Wis- consin" of Milwaukee, appeared. Presidential Candidates: Martin Van Buren and Richard M. Johnson, Democrats; Wm. H. Harrison, Daniel Webster, etc., Whigs. United States Post Office and Patent Office, at Washington, destroyed by fire, December 15. "The Visitor," the predecessor of the Dubuque Herald, the first paper in Iowa, appeared at Dubuque.
1837. New Orleans "Picayune" appeared, January 25. Michigan admitted to Union, January 26. Martin Van Buren, President; R. M. Johnson, Vice- President; John Forsyth, Secretary of State; Levi Woodbury, Secretary of Treasury; Joel R. Poinsett, Secretary of War; B. B. Butler, Attorney-General; Mahlon Dickerson, Secretary of Navy; Amos Kendall, Postmaster-General. Chicago made a city, March 4, Wm. B, Ogden, mayor. Grand Rapids "Demo- crat" appeared. Massachusetts Board of Education organized, Horace Mann, secretary, Milwaukee "Sentinel" appeared. The "Baltimore Sun" appeared. Great financial panic. Rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy shot by a mob at Alton, Ill., November 7. Wm. L. Mackenzie arrived in Buffalo December 10. Col. McNab cast "Caroline" over Niagara Falls, December 29.
1838. "The Great Western" and "Sirius," two British steamships, arrived at New York, April 23. Members of "Hunter's Lodges" burnt "Sir Robert Peel" on the St. Lawrence, May 29. James K. Paulding appointed Secretary of the Navy, June 25. Several States repudiated their debts. Felix Grundy appointed Attorney-General, July 5. Gen. Scott removed the Cherokees beyond the Mississippi. Von Schoultz landed 180 men at Prescott, Canada, November 11. Territory of Iowa organized and cognomen "Hawkeye" adopted.
1839, Virginia Military Academy established at Lexington, First general express in the United States was begun by Wm. F. Harnden, from Boston to New York. The "Daily American" (Evening Journal), appeared, April 9, the first daily in Chicago. Anthracite coal first successfully used to smelt iron in Pennsylvania. Mormons settled at Nauvoo, Ill. First printing press west of the Rocky Mountains set up at Walla Walla. Anti-rent troubles in New York. Ancient Order of Foresters introduced into the United States. The Whigs, at Harrisburg, Pa., December 4, nominated Wm. H. Harrison for President, and Johı: Tyler for Vice-President.
1$40. Henry D. Gilpin, appointed Attorney-General, January 11. The Democrats, at Baltimore, May 5, nominated Van Buren for President, the States to nominatca Vice-President. John M. Niles was appointed Postmaster-General, May 19. The "Sub-Treasury Act," the establishinent of a government treasury, became a law, July 4, effecting a "Divorce of Bank and State." Samuel Cunard established the first line of steamships between the United States and Liverpool. First election campaign was a "Hard cider campaign," the Wig cry being "Tippecanoe and Tyler too." Population 17,069, 453.
1841. Wm. H. Harrison, President; John Tyler, Vice-President; Daniel S. Webster, Secretary of State; Thos. Ewing, Secretary of the Treasury; John Bell, Secretary of War: John Crittenden, Attorney-General; Geo. E. Badger, Secretary of Navy; Francin Granger, Postmaster-General. Death of President Harrison, April 4. JohnTyler, installed President, April 6. Horace Greely
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began the New York "Tribune," April 10. Major General Winfield Scott, July 5. The Sub-Treasury Act was repealed, August 9. The Bankruptcy Act was passed, August 19. Tyler broke with the Whigs, September 9. The Pittsburg "Chronicle-Telegraph" appeared. John McLean appointed Secretary of War; Walter Forward, Secretary of Treasury; Hugh S. Lagare, Attorney-General; Abel P. Upshur, Secretary of Navy and Chas. A Wickliffe, Postmaster-General, September 33; John C. Spencer was appointed Secretary of War, October 12. The Broklyn "Eagle" appeared October 26.
1842. Croton water system at New York, opened, July 4. High tariff imposed. Beginning of fiscal year changed from January 1st to July 1st, September 28. Daniel Webster and Lord Ashburton fixed the Maine boundry, made 49.30 degrees the boundry line from Lake of Woods to the Rock Moun- tains, and arranged for the extradition of criminals, September 9. The Univer- sity of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, opened. September 20. Sons of Temperance organized in New York, September 29. Order of Odd Fellows separated from Manchester Unity. Cincinnati "Enquirer" appeared. Dorr's rebellion in Rhode Islaud. Abraham Lincoln married Miss Mary Todd, November 4.
.1843. John C. Spencer was appointed Secretary of Treasury, March 3. Bankruptcy Act repealed, March 3. James M. Porter appontedi Secretary of War, March 8. Hugh S. Legare appointed Secretary of State, May 9. John Nelson appointed Attorney-General, July 1. Abel P. Upshur appointed Secre- tary of State, and David Henshaw, Secretary of the Navy, July 24. Dr. Whit- man led 900 immigrants into the valley of the Columbai River. Great comet visible in caytime. The Liberty Party, at Buffalo, August 30, nominated James G. Birney for President, and Thomas Morris for Vice-President. John C. Fre- mont and Kit Carson, in a leather boat, explored Great Salt Lake.
1844. Wm. Wilkins was appointed Secretary of War; and Thos. W. Gilmer, Secretary of Navy, February 15. John C. Calhoun was appointed Secretary of State, March 6; John Y. Mason, Secretary of Navy, March 14. The Whigs, at Baltimore, May 1, nominated Henry Clay for President, and T. Frelinghuysen for Vice-President. First electrec telegraph in the United States worked between Baltimore and Washington, May 24, Professor Morse's message being "What hath God Wrought?" The Democrats, at Baltimore, May 27, nominated James K. Polk for President, and Geo. M. Dallas for Vice-President. George M. Bibb was appointed Secretary of Treasury, June 15. Jos. Smith and his brother, Hiram, were shot at Carthage, Ill., Brigham Young becoming President of the Mormon Church. United States Naval Observatory at Washington, erected. Public debt, $15,925,303.
1845. Florida admitted to the Union, March 3. James Knox Polk, Presi- dent; Geo. M. Dallas, Vice-President; James Buchanan, Secretary of State: Robert J. Walker, Secretary of Treasury; W. L. Marcy, Secretary of War; Geo. Bancroft, Secretary of Navy; John Y. Mason, Attorney-General; Cave Johnson, Postmaster-General. $10,000,000 fire in Pittsburg, Pa., April 10. Hosts of immi- grants coming into the United States. John A. Robling erected suspended aqueduct of Pennsylvania canal across the Monongahela. United States Naval Academy opened at Annapolis. Dr. Wm. T. J. Morton, of Boston, discovered the anesthetic properties of ether. Texas admitted to the Union December 29.
1846. Pittsburg "Despatch" appeared. Milwaukee made a city, January 31, Sol. Juneau, mayor. Oregon excitement, the cry being "Fifty-four-forty or fight." Sub-Treasury Act re-passed. Mexicans began war. Gen. Tyler defeated
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the Mexicans at Palo Alto, May 8. Congress declared war against Mexico, May 13. Elias Howe patented his sewing machine. Treaty at Washington, settling the Oregon boundry line, at 49 degrees, June 15. "Wilmot Proviso" failed to pass. John Y. Mason appointed Secretary of Navy, September 9. Taylor took Monterey, September 24. Smithsonian Institute, at Washington, established. Nathan Clifford appointed Attorney-General, October 17. Boston "Herald" appeared. Iowa admitted to the Union, December 28.
1847. Thos. Alvin Edison born in Ohio, February 11. General Taylor de- feated Santa Anna at Buena Vista, February 23. Adhesive postage stamps, 5 eent and 10 cent stamps, authorized, March 3. Richard M. Hoe, of New York, produced the first rotary printing press. Philadelphia "Item" appeared. American Medical Association formed. Chicago "Tribunc" appeared, June 10. Moses G. Farmer, of Dover, N. H., showed the first electric passenger car, July 26. Scott took the City of Mexico, September 14. The Mormons reached Salt Lake. Henry Ward Beecher installed pastor of Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, November 11.
1848. Gold discovered on the Sacramento River, January 19. Peace with Mexico, February 2: the United States getting Upper California and New Mexico, and paying to Mexico $15,000,000. Free Soil Party appeared, their cry being, "Free soil, free speech, fee labor, and free men." The Democrats, at Baltimore, May 22, nominated Lewis Cass for Prsident, and Wm. O. Butler for Vice-President. Wisconsin admitted to the Union, May 29. The Whigs, at Philadelphia, June 7, nominated Zachery Taylor for President and Millard Fillmore for Vice-President. Isaac Toncey was appointed Attorney-General, June 21. Naval station established at New Orleans. The Des Moines "Leader" appeared. The Free Soilers, at Buffalo, August 2, nominated M. Van Buren for President, and Chas. F. Adams for Vice-President.
1849. Elizabeth Blackwell, was the first woman to be a M. D., in the United States. Fortune hunters rushed to California. Congress formed the Department of the Interior, March 3, with Thos. H. Ewing, Secretary. Zachary Taylor, President; Millard Fillmore, Vice-President; John M. Clayton, Secre- tary of State; Wm. M. Meredith, Secretary of Treasury; Geo. W. Crawford, Secretary of War; Reverdy Johnson, Attorney-General; Wm. B. Preston, Secre- tary of Navy; Jacob Collamer, Postmaster-General. G. H. Corliss, of Providence, R. I., introduced trip gear in steam engines. Detroit "Tribune" appeared.
1850. Webster made a "Union speech," March 7. Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, April 19. San Francisco madea city, May 1, John W. Geary,mayor. President died July 9. Millard Fillmore installed, July 10. Daniel Webster was appointed Secretary of State: Tlios. Corwin, Secretary of Treasury; Wm. A. Graham, Secretary of Navy; Winfield Scott, Secretary of War; James A. Pearce, Secre- tary of Interior; John J. Crittenden, Attorney-General; Nathan K. Hall, Post- July 21. Chas. M. Conrad was appointed Secretary of War, and Thos. McKer- non, Secretary of the Interior, August 15. California admitted into the Union, September 9. Alex. H. H. Stuart, was appointed Secretary of the Interior, September 12. Harper's Magazine appeared. Population 23,191,876.
1851. Y. M. C. A. established in Boston. Directors of the Erie railroad . went from New York to Dunkirk, April 28, opening the road. Neal Dow's Maine law (prohibition) passed June 2. Wm. L. Crittenden, for aiding the Cubans, was shot at Havana, August 16. The "America" beat the "Aurora" around the Isle of Whight, August 22. Henry J. Raymond began the New
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York "Times," September 18. "Underground railroad" helping fugitive slaves, put in operation. New York editors banquetted Louis Kossuth, December 13, originating the Press Club. Northwestern University, at Evanston, III., founded.
1852. Rise of America, or "Know Nothing" Party, a secret society opposed to the appointment of foreign-born citizens to office. The Democrats, at Balti- more, June 1, nominated Franklin Pearce for President, and Wm. R. King, for Vice-President. The Whigs, at Baltimore, June 16, nominated Winfield Scott for President, and Wm. A. Graham for Vice-President. John P. Kennedy was appointed Secretary of the Navy, July 22. The "Globe Democrat" of St. Louis, appeared. Harvard and Yale had their first boat race, August 3. Free Soil Geo. W. Julian, for Vice-President. Sam. D. Hubbard was appointed Postmaster- General, August 31. Great Britain and France suggested the "Tripartite Treaty," to guarantee Cuba to Spain.
1853. Franklin Pierce, President; Wm. R. King, Vice-President; Wm. L. Marcy, Secretary of State; James Guthrie, Secretary of Treasury; Jefferson Davis, Secretary of War; James C. Dobbin, Secretary of Navy; Robert Mc- Clelland, Secretary of the Interior: Caleb Cushing, Attorney-General; James Campbell, Postmaster-General. The United States paid Mexico $10,000,000 for the Mesilla Valley. Navy Yard established at Mare Island, Cal. New York Central Railroad organized, April 2 The seizure of Martin Kostza, an Austrian claiming American citizenship, and his rescue by an American man-of-war, ex- cited the naturalization question. Second world's fair opened in New York, July 14. New York clearing house established, October 11, the first in the United States. Public debt, $35,586,956.
1854. The "Black Warrior" was confiscated in Havana, February 28. Mint was established in San Francisco. Congress passed Stephen A. Douglass' "Kansas-Nebraska" Bill, May 31, dividing Nebraska into Nebraska and Kansas, and making slavery optional to settlers. A naval station was established at Key West. Reciprocity Treaty with Canada was ratified, June 5. The North- ern Whigs became "Anti-Nebraska" men. Messrs. Buchanan, Mason and Soule were sent from Aix-la-chapelle, to Congress, the "Ostend Circular," advising the acquisition of Cuba, by purchase or by force.
1855. First registration of letters. The President dismissed the British Minister and the British Consuls at New York, Philadelphia and Cincinnati, for sanctioning the enlistment of men for the British army. Missourians traversed Kansas and terrorized the settlers opposed to slavery. Wm. Walker and H. L. Kinney tried to establish an American colony on Mosquito coast. John A. Roebling finished the Niagara Suspension Bridge.
1856. The American Party at Philadelphia, February 22, nominated Millard Fillmore President, and A. J. Donelson Vice-President. The "Anti-Nebraska" men became Republicans. Preston S. Brooks brutally assaulted Chas. Sumner in the Senate, May 22. The Democrats, at Cincinnati, June 2, nominated James Buchanan, President, and John C. Breckenridge, Vice-President. Autobiography of Peter Cartwright appeared. The Republicans, at Philadelphia, June 17, nom- inated John C. Fremont,President and Wm. L. Dayton, Vice-President. Ocean telegraph was laid from New York to St. Johns, Newfoundland. The San Francisco "Call" appeared.
1857. James Buchanan, President; John C. Breckenridge, Vice-President; Louis Cass, Secretary of State; Howell Cobb, Secretary of the Treasury; John B. Floyd, Secretary of War; Jeremiah S. Black, Attorney-General; Isaac Toucey,
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Secretary of Navy; Aaron V. Brown, Postmaster-General; Jacob Thompson, Secretary of Interior. Justice Taney decided against Dred Scott, Harch 6, a negro that claimed freedom because he had sojourned in a fee state; Taney decided that a slave, not being a citizen, could not bring a case into court. There was a financial panic, niany banks stopping payment. The"National Emancipation Society" was formed at Cleveland, August 26, to end slavery by government purchase.
1858. Gold was discovered in Colorado. The Comstock silver lode was discovered in Nevada. Minnesota added to the Union, May 11. Iron deposit boxes for letters were first used in the streets of Boston, August2. The first Atlantic cable was put down; it soon failed. First overland mail, that left St. Louis. September 16, reached San Francisco, October 10.
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