USA > Iowa > Fayette County > Oelwein > The Telegraph-herald's abridged history of the state of Iowa and directory of Fayette County, including the city of Oelwein, with a complete classified business directory; > Part 26
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1776. Gen. Schuyler took Johnson Hall, January 19. Treasury department was created February 11. Washington seized Dorchester Heights, March4, forcing Howe to leave Boston, March 17. Richard Henry Lee moved, June7, "that these United States are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States." Wm. Moultrie beat off Sir Peter Parker from Sullivan's Island, June 28. Congress adopted theDeclaration of Independence, July 4. Battle of Long Island, August 27. Captain Nathan Hale, of Connecticut, hung as a spy, September 22. Battle of White Plains, October 28. Richard Bache, appointed postmaster-general, November 7. British captured Gen. Lee, December 13. Washington's victory at Trenton, December 26.
1777. Washington surprised Cornwallis at Princeton, January 3. "New Hampshire Grants" became Vermont, January 15. Arsenal founded at Spring- field. Congress adopted United States flag, "Stars and Stripes," June 14. Stark defeated Baum at Bennington, August 16. Howe defeated Washington at Brandywine, September 11. Battle of Benis Heights, September September 19. Howe entered Philadelphia, September 26. Battle of Germantown, October 4. Battle of Stillwater October 7. Burgoyne surrendered to Gates at Saratoga, October 17. Congres adopted a form of government for the new Confederacy, November 15. Washington cactoned his wearied forces at Valley Forge. Dec- ember 19.
1778. France acknowledged the independence of the United States, Feb- ruary {. Captain Cook saw and naned Cape Flattery, March 22. Howe left Philadelphia, June 18. Battle of Monmouth lost by Lee's misconduct, June 28. Settlers of Wyoming massacred by Col. Butler and Tories, July 3. Congress completed thirteen articles of Confederation, July 9. French fleet came to aid of Untied States. Boston corn was $150 a bushel, butter $12 a pound, tea $90 a pound, sugar $10 a pound, beef $8 a pound, coffee $12 a pound, and flour $1,575 a barrel. Indian massacre at Cherry Valley, N. Y., November 11. British took Savannah, December 29.
1779. Major Clarke took Vincennes, February 20. Spain declared war against England, June 16. Assembly of Pennsylvania gave to heris of Wm. Penn £130,000 for relinquishment of quit rents and proprietory claims. "Mad" Anthony Wayne took Stony Point, July 15. Maor Henry Lee surprised the British garrison at Paulus Hook (Jersey City), August 19. The "Bon Homme Richard," Captain Paul Jones, took the "Serapis," Captain Pearson, September 23. Count D'Estaing beaten off from Savannah, October 9. Board at Admir- alty established by Congress, October 28.
1780. Very cold winter; New York Bay frozen over. British took Charles- ton, South Carolina, May 12. "Dark Day" in New England, Friday, May 19. Cornwallis defeated Gates at Camden, August 16. Benedict Arnold went to the British, September 25. John Paulding, Isaac Van Wert, and David Williams arrestel Major Andre, September 23. Andre executed as a spy. October 2. Oliver Evans, of Delaware, invented a grain elevator. British defeated at King's Mountain, October 7. Holland declared war against Great Britain, December 20.
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HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.
1781. General Morgan defeated Col. Tarleton at Cowpens, January 17. Maryiand endorsed the Articles af Confederation, March 1, and they became the law of the Union. Battle of Guilford Court House, March 15. Greene drove the British from Camden, May 10. Arnold burnt New London, Conn., Septem- ber 6. Battle of Eutaw Springs, September S. Cornwallis surrendered to Washington at Yorktown, October 19.
1782. Birth of Daniel Webster, in New Hampshire, January 18. E. Hazard, postmaster general, January 28. Birth of John C. Calhoun, South Carolina, March 18. The "Hyder Ally," Lieutenant Joshua Barney, took "General Monk," April S. Great Seal of the United States adopted, June 20. British left Savan- neh, July 11. Robert Aitken, of Philadelphia, published the first English Bible in America. Hon. Tapping Reeve began first law school in the United States, Litchfield, Conn. The "America," the first 74-gun ship built in the United States, launched at Portsmouth, N. H., and was given to France. Preliminary peace declared at Paris, November 30.
1783. Webster's spelling book put in schools. John Armstrong wrote "Newburg Address," advising the army to act for itself. Birth of Wachington Irving, April 3. Society of Cincinnati formed, June 19; Washington first president. Jay negotiated a treaty with Great Britain, in Paris, September 3. Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., founded. Washington made farewell address to army, November 2. British evacuated New York, November 25. Washington resigned his commission. December 23. Maor General Henry Knox, December 23.
1784. First trading ship to China left New York, February 22. Eight bales of cotton were sent to England from Charleston as first export. King's College, N. Y., became Columbia, May 1. Captain John Doughty, June 20. Lieutenant-Colonel Joshia Harmar, Angust 12. "American Daily Advertiser," the first daliy newspaper in America, was begun ni Philadelphia, Sepjtember 21. The Six Natoins made a treaty with the United States, at Fort Stanwix, October 21. Methodist General Conference, in Lovely Lane Chapel, Baltimore, December 24, organized the Amercian Episcopal Church in the United States.
1785. Dr. Benjamin Rush, of Philadelphia, published "The Effects of Ardent Spirits on the Human Body and Mind," beginning the temperance movement. Eagle adopted as the national emblem. University of Georgia, Athens, and Universtiy of Nashville, Tenn., founded. ,
1786. Rev. John Carroll was made vicar-general by the Pope, and he fixed his residence at Baltimore, Md. Winfield Scott was born at Petersburg, Va., June 13. Falmouth, Me., incorporated, July 4, and named Portland. Shay's rebellion in Massachusetts, excited by lawsuits for debts.
ITS7. A convention of fifty-five members met in Philadelphia, May 14, and framed a constitution, "to form a more perfect union." Congress made laws for government of the Northwest territory, July 13, and expressly forbade slavery in it. Congress, July 23, gave forever Lot No. 16 of every township of public land for maintenance of public schools. The Constitution sent to Con- gress, September 17. Delaware ratified the Constitution December 7. Pennsyl- vanja ratified the Constitution December 12. New Jersey ratified the Constitu- tion Deceniber 18.
178S. Georgia ratified the Constitution January 2. Connecticut ratified the Constitution January 9. Massachusetts ratified the Constitution February 7. New Englanders settled at Marietta, Aprli 7, the first settlement in Ohio. Mary- land ratified the Constitution April 28. South Carolina ratified the Constitutoin
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May 23. New Hampshire ratified the Constitution June 21. Virginia ratified the Constitution June 26. New York ratified the Constitutoin July 26. "New York Journal and Register" appeared, first daily in New York. New York City was made the captial of the Union September 13. Maryland ceded Congress ten miles squar in Maryland for seat of government, December 23. John Cleves Symines settled in Cincinnati, Decembehr 28.
1789. First Congress met in New York March 4. The Constitution was made the law of the Union, March 4. George Washnigton, President of the Untied States, April 30; John Adams, Vcie Presdient; Wm. Mooney formed Tammany Society of New York, May 12. Department of Foreign Affairs establishedJuly 27; War Department established August 7; Alex. Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury, Sept. 11; Henry Knox, Secretary of War, September 12; Department of Foreign Affairs made Department of State, September 15; Office of Attorney-General established, September 24. Thos. Jefferson, Secretary of State; Ed. Randolph Attorney-General, and Sam. Osgood, Postmaster-General, September 26. John Jay was made Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Sept. 26. North Carolina ratified the Constitution November 21. Virginia gave ten miles square for seat of Government, December 3. . Washington.
1790. Congress met at Philadelphia January 4. Patent Office established April 10. Death of Benjamin Franklin, April 17. First copyright law of the United States passed April 30. Rhode Island ratified the Constitution May 29. Congress selected Washington, D. C. for Federal Capital July 16. Samuel Slater erecter a cotton mill at Pawtucket, R. I., beginning the cotton manufacture in the United States. Jacob Perkins, of Massachusetts, invented the first machine for cutting nails. General Harmar defeated by Indians in Ohio, October 22. First census; population, 3,929,214.
1791. National Bank chartered February 8. New York State Agricultural Society established February 26, the first in the United States. Vermont added to Union March 4. Maor-General Arthur St. Clair, March 4. Rev. Samuel · Hopkins published "System of Theology." Timothy Pickering appointed Post- master August 12. University of Vermont, Burlington founded. "Territory of Columbia" and 'City of Washington" named September 9. General St. Clair defeated by Indians November 4. First ten amendments to Constitution, pro- posed in 1789, declared in force December 15.
1792. Mr. Jefferson wrote Tim. Pickering, March 28, "to know if the post which was then carried at the rate of 50 miles a day, could not be expedited by 100 miles. Major General Anthony Wayne, April 13. First United States mint established at Philadelphia, which began decimal coinage. Captain Robert Gray, of Boston, entered and named the Columbia River, May 11. Kentucky added to the Union June 1. Presidential candidates: George Washington and John Adams, Federalists; Thomas Jefferson, Geo. Clinton, and Aaron Burr, Repub- lieans. Coinage of eagles, half-eagles, and quarter-cagles (gold) begun.
1793. George Washington, John Adams; Thos. Jefferson Secretary of State; Alex. Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury; Henry Knox, Secretary of War; Ed. Randolph, Attorney-General; Timothy Peikering, Postmaster-General. Edmond Genet, agent of the French Republic, landed at Charleston, April 8, to seek American aid. President Washington laid the corner stone of the capitol, at Washington, April 18. Eli Whitney, of Massachusetts, nivented the cotton gin. Williams College, Massachusetts, founded. Wmn. Maxwell began the "Sentinal
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of the Northwest," at Cnicinnati, the first western newspaper. 4,000 people died of yellow fever in Phliadelphia.
1794. Ed. Randolph, appointed Secretary of State, January 2. Wm. Brad- ford apponited Attorney-General, January 27. Whiskey rebellion in western: Pennslyvania, excited by the excise law. Bowdoin College, Maine, founded. General Wayne defeated the Indians on the Maunec, August 20. Fort Wayne,. Indiana, built October 22. Public debt, $$0,747,587.
1795. Tim. Pickering appointed Secretary of War, January 2. Oliver Wolcott appointed Secretary of Treasuary, February 2. Joseph Habersham appointed Postmaster-General, February 25. Union College, Schnectady, N. Y., founded. Lnidley Murray published "English Grammar." Rev. Wm. Patten copyrighted "Christianity the True Theology," May 9, the first copyright in the United States. Jay's treaty with Great Britain ratified June 24. John Rutledge, July 1. By treaty, the United States got from Spain the use of New Orleans port for ten years. Tribute paid to Dey of Algiers to release Americans. Tim- othy Pickering was appointed Secretary of State, and Chas. Lee AttorneyGeneral December 19. Public schools established by act of the Legislation of New York.
1796. Moses Cleveland, of Connecticut, laid out Cleveland, Ohio. James McHenry appointed Secretary of War, January 27. Oliver Ellsworth, March 4. Tennessee added to the Union June 1. Washington made farewell address to the American people September 17. Brig .- Gen. James Wilkinson. December 15. Presidential Candidates: John Adams and Thos. Pinckney, Federalists; Thomas Jefferson, Aaron Burr, Sam Adams, etc., Republicans. Baltimore, Md., made a city, December 31, James Calhoun being the first mayor.
1797. John Adams. President; Thos. Jefferson, Vice-President; Timothy Pickering, Secretary of State; Oliver Wolcott, Secretary of Treasuary: James McHenry, Secretary of War; Chas. Lee. Attorney-General; Jos. Habersham, Fostmaster-General. When the French government demanded "much money" to keep peace, Mr. Pinckney answered, "Millions for defence, not a cent for tribute." First grand chapter of Masons in United States, in Philadelphia, October 24. The French began hostilities on the ocean. Adams.
1798. Eleventh amendment to the Constitution proposed in 1794, in force January S. Congress established Navy Department, George Cabot, Secretary, May 3. Benjamin Stoddert appointed Secretary May 21. Jos. Hopkinson wrote "Hail Columbia." Congress passed the Alien Law, June 25, empowernig the President to banish dangerous aliens. Lieutenant-General George Washnigton, July 13. Congress passed the Sedition Law, July Ii, directed against opponents of the government. The President, substituting X. Y. Z, for names of French agents that asked tribute, referred it to Congress; war followed. Virginia passed resolutions, December 2, against the Alien and Sedition Laws.
1799. The "Constitution," Captain Truxton, took the French ship, "L' Insur- gente," February 9. Congress passed the first Quarantine Act, February 23. Navy Yard established at Washington. "Association for the Improvement of Common Schools" formed at Middleton, Conn. Death of George Washington, December 14. Major General Alex. Hamilton, Dec. 14.
2800. "Charleston, (S. C.) Courier, appeared January 1. John Marshall appointed Secretary of State and Sanı Dexter Secretary of War, May 13. Con- gress Library founded. The Navy Yard at Portsmouth, N. H., came into the possession of the United States, June 12. Gabriel's insurrection in Virginia. Brig Gen. James Wlikinson, June 15. Site purchased for a Navy Yard at
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HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.
Charleston, Mass., August 30. Presidential Candidates: Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr, Republicans; John Adams, Chas. C. Pinckney, and John Jay, Federals. Spain -secretly ceded Louisiana to France October 1. Congress met in Washington for the first time, November 17. Population of the United States, 5,308,483.
3801. Samuel Dexter appointed Secretary of the Treasury, January1. John Marshall, January 31. Roger Griswold appointed Secretary of War, February 3, and Theo. Farsons, Attorney-General, February 20. Brooklyn Navy Yard estab- lished. Jefferson and Burr, having tied on 73 votes, the House on February 17, electea Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson, President; Aaron Burr, Vice-President; Jas. Madison, Secretary of State; Samuel Dexter, Secretary of the Treasury; Henry Dearborn, Secretary of War; Levi Lincoln, Attorney-General; Benjamin Stoddert, Secretary of Navy; Jos. Habershamn, Postmaster-General. Albert Gallatin was appointed Secretary of Treasury, May 14. Tripoli declared war against the United States, June 10. Gosport Navy Yard established. Robert Smith appointed Secretary of Navy July 15. Gidcon Granger was appointed Postmaster-General, November 28. The President complained of office-holders, "that few died and none resigned." Jefferson.
1802. Excise tax repealed March 16. Military Academy, at West Point, founded. The Spanish governor of New Orleans closed the port against Americans. Ohio was added to the Union November 29.
1803. President Jefferson gave France $15,000,000 for the Louisiana Terri- tory, April 30. Oliver Evans, of Delaware, devised the first dredge for deepen- ing the channels of rivers. Sailors of New York City went on a strike. First load of anthracite coal taken into Philadelphia. Apple parer invented. Orestes A. Brownson was born in Vermont, September 16. United States took possession of New Orleans, December 20. (
1804. Lieutenant Decatur entered harbor of Tripoli, February 16, and burnt the "Philadelphia." Baptists organized the first Bible Society in the United States. Aaron Burr and Alex. Hamilton fought a duel, July 11, the latter being killed. Commodore Preble bombarded Tripoli, August 3. Twelfth amendment to the Constitution declared inforce, September 25, by which distinct candidates for President and Vice-President be voted for. Presidential Candidates Thomas Jefferson and George Clinton, Republicans; Chas. C. Pinckney and Rufus King, Federals. Public debt, $82,312,150.
1805. New Orleans made a city, February 17, Joseph Mather, mayor. Thomas Jefferson, President; Geo. Clinton, Vice-President; James Madison, Secretary of State; Albert Gallatin, Secretary of the Treasury; Henry Dearborn, Secretary of War: Robert Smith, Attorney-General; J. Crowinshield, Secretary of the Navy: Gideon Granger, Postmaster-General. Peace made with Tripoli, June 4. Hiram Powers, sculptor, born in Vermont, July 29. Lewis and Clarke reached the Rocky Mountains, near Helana, July 19. John Breckenridge appointed Attorney-General, August 7. Lewis and Clarke reached the mouth of the Columbia River, November 7. Jefferson.
1806. Great Britain passed an order in Counsil, May 16, declaring the blockade of the European coast from the Elbe to Brest. Andrew Jackson and Chas. Diekinson fought a duel, May 30, the latter being killed. Webster published "Complete Dictionary of the English Language." Zebulon M. Pike discovered Pike's Peak. Tailors formed the first trades union in the United States. Napoleon, at Berlin, declared the British ports blockaded November 21.
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HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.
1807. Caesar A. Rodney appointed Attorney-General, January 20. British frigate "Leopard" took four seamen from the "Chesapeake" June 22. The "Clermont," the first successful steamer, devised and built by Robert Fulton, went from New York City to Albany, August 11. Aaron Burr tried and acquitted. Great Britain forbade the neutrals to trade with France, without paying tribute to Great Britain, November 11. Congress passed "Jefferson's Embargo," Decem- ber 22, forbidding any vessel to leave an American port.
1808. Act forbidding the importation of slaves took effect January 1. The Pope created the Sees of New York, Boston, Philadelphia, and Bardstown, Ky., April S. St. Louis "Republic" appeared, the first paper in St. Louis. Jefferson Davis born in Kentucky, August 3. Presidential Candidates: James Madison and Geo Clinton, Republicans; C. C. Pinckney and Rufus King, Federalists.
1809. Edgar Allan Poe born in Boston, January 19. Abraham Lincoln born in Kentucky, February 12. Congress repealed the Embargo Act, March 3, and passed the Non-Intercourse Act, forbidding Americans to trade with Great Britain or France. James Madison, President; George Clinton, Vice-President; Robert Smith, Secretary of State; Albert Gallatin, Secretary of Treasury; Wm. Eusiis, Secretary of War; Caesar A. Rodney, Attorney-General; Paul Hamilton, Secretary of Navy; Gideon Granger, Postmaster-General. Madison.
1810. Captain Winship built the first house in Oregon. Penn's "Treaty- Tree" blown down, March 3. Steel pens came into use. A general postoffice was established in Washington, April 30. Frst Agricultural exhibition in the United States was held at Georgetown, N. C., May 10. The Presbytery of Cum- berland, Ky., was formed. Population of United States, 7,239,881.
1811. Chas. Sumner born in Boston January 6. James Munroe was appointed Secretary of State, April 2. The "President" fired into "Little Belt" May 16. "Orleans" built at Pittsburg, was the first steamer on the Ohio and Mississippi. John Jacob Astor founded Astoria. Hezekiah Niles began "Niles Weekly Register," September 7, in Baltimore. "Buffalo Gazette" appeared, October 1, the first newspaper in Buffalo. Gen. W. H. Harrison defeated Ellswa- tawa, a brother of Tecumseh, at Tippecanoe, November 7. Wendell Phillips was born in Boston, November 29. Wm. Pinckney was appointed Attorney- General, December 11.
1812. Major Henry Dearborn, January 27. Louisiana added to the Union, April 30. President declared war against Great Britain, June 18. Great Britain repealed Orders in Council, June 23. "Uncle Sam," after Samuel Wilson of Troy, came into use. The British took Mackinaw, July 17. General Hull sur- rendered Detroit to Brock August 16. The "Constitution" took the "Guerriere," August 19. Battle of Queenston Heights, October 13. The "Wasp" took the British frigate "Frolic" October 18. The "United States" took the "Macedonian" October 25. Presidential Candidates: James Madison ana Elbridge Gerry, Republicans; De Witt Clinton and Jared Ingersoll, Federalists. The "Constitu- tion" took the Java" December 29.
1813. Wm. Jones appointed Secretary of the Navy, January 12. John Armstrong appointed Secretary of War, January 13. The "Hornet" took the Britsih "Peacock," February 24. James Madison, President; Elbrdige Gerry, Vice-President; James Munroe, Secretary of State; Albert Gallatin, Secretary of Treasury; John Armstrong, Secretary of War; Wm. Pinckney, Attorney- General; Wm. Jones, Secretary of Navy; Gideon Granger, Postmaster-General. General Dearborn took Toronto, April 27. Dearborn took Fort George, May 27.
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HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA.
The "Shannon" took the "Chesapeake" June 1. The "Enterprise" took the British "Boxer" September 5. Perry defeated Barclay at Lake Erei, September 10. Harrison crushed Proctor at Thames, October 5. Chrysler's Farm, Novem- ber 11. McClure burnt Newark, December 10. The British burnt Buffalo December 30. Madison.
1814. George W. Campbell was appointed Secretary of Treasury, February º; and Rcihard Rush Attorney-General February 10. Return of J. Meigs, as Postmaster-General, March 17. General Brown defeated Riall at Chippewa, July 5. Battle of Bridgewater, or Lundy's Lane, July 25. General Ross burnt Washington, August 24. Commodore Macdonough defeated Downie, and General Macomb defeated Prevost, at Plattsburg, September 11. General Ross was killed at Baltimore, September 13. While the British bombarded Fort McHenry, September 14, Francis S. Key composed the "Star Spangled Banner." James Monroe was appointed Secretary of War, September 27, and Alex. J. Dallas Secretary of the Treasury, October 6. The "Hartford Convention" was held December 15. B. W. Crowninshield was appointed Secretary of the Navy, Dec- ember 19. Treaty of Paris, December 24. Public debt $99,833,660.
1815. General Jackson defeated the British at New Orleans, January 8, Sir Ed. Pakenham being killed. Wm. Tudor began the "North American Review." The "Intelligencer" appeared in Kaskaskia, the first paper in Illinois. Major-General Jacob Brown, June 15. Commodore Decatur took two Algerine ships, and, sailing into the Bay of Algiers, forced the Dey to sign a Treaty, June 30. Wm. H. Crawford was appointed Secretary of War, August 1. Terrific gale and flood in New England, September 23.
1816. The "Boston Recorder" appeared January 3. Congress passed the Compensation Bill, by which members were to get $1,500 a year, instead of $6.00 a day. U. S. Bank chartered for twenty years, April 10. The American Bible Society was organized in New York City, May 8. The "Ontario," built at Sackett's Harbor, was the first steamer on Lake Ontario. Coldest summer ever known. Wm. H. Crawford was appointed Secretary of Treasury, October 22. Presidential Candidates: James Monroe and D. D. Tomkins, Republicans; Rufus King and John E. Howard, Federalists. Indiana was added to the Union, December 11.
1817. James Monroe, President; D. D. Tomkins, Vice-President; John Q. Adams, Secretary of State; Wm. H. Crawford, Secretary of Treasury; George Graham, Secretary of War; Richard Rush, Attorney-General; B. W. Crownin- shield, Secretary of Navy, Return of J. Meigs, as Postmaster-General. Rush Ragot "Treaty," April 28, fixing the number of war vessels that the United States and Great Britain may keep on inland waters. Governor Clinton of New York, at Rome, broke ground for the Erie Canal, July 4. First Seminole War. The people said "The era of good feeling has begun." Hartford, Conn. "Times" appeared. John C. Calhoun appointed Secretary of War, October 8; and Wm. Wirt Attorney-General, November 13. Mississippi admitted to the Union Dec- ember 10.
1818 Daniel Webster successfully argued the "Dartsmouth College Case" March 10. Congress established the flag of the United States, April 4, limiting the stripes to thirteen, putting twenty stars in the Union, and providing that an additional star be inserted for each new admitted state. Gen. Jackson executed Alex Arbuthnot and Robert C. Ambrister, for inciting the Indians to war. Jackson took Pensacola, May 27. Convention with Great Britain, October
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20, acknowledging the right of the United States to the Newfoundland fisheries. Illinois admitted into the Union December 3. Smith Thompson was appointed Secretary of theNavy, November 9.
1819. Florida was purchased from Spain for $5,000,000, February 22. The "Savannah" a sidewheel steamer, left Savannah May 24, reaching Liverpool June 20. "Walk-in-the-Water" was the first steamer on Lake Erie. Manchester Unity introduced Oddfellowship into the United States. Champlain Canal com- pleted. Cleveland "Herald" appeared. Alabama admitted into the Union, Dec- ember 14.
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