The history of Clinton County, Iowa, containing a history of the county, its cities, towns &c., biographical sketches of citizens, Part 32

Author: Western Historical Co
Publication date: 1879
Publisher: Chicago : Western historical company
Number of Pages: 812


USA > Iowa > Clinton County > The history of Clinton County, Iowa, containing a history of the county, its cities, towns &c., biographical sketches of citizens > Part 32


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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RULE .- Multiply the number of cubic feet by 222.


The number of cubic feet is found by multiplying the length, height nd thickness (in feet) together.


Bricks are usually made 8 inches long, 4 inches wide, and two inches thick ; hence, it requires 27 bricks to make a cubic foot without mortar, but it is generally assumed that the mortar fills 1-6 of the space.


How to find the number of shingles required in a roof.


RULE .- Multiply the number of square feet in the roof by 8, if the shingles are exposed 43 inches, or by 7 1-5 if exposed 5 inches.


To find the number of square feet, multiply the length of the roof by twice the length of the rafters.


286


MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.


To find the length of the rafters, at ONE-FOURTH pitch, multiply the width of the building by .56 (hundredths) ; at ONE-THIRD pitch, by .6 (tenths) ; at TWO-FIFTHS pitch, by .64 (hundredths) ; at ONE-HALF pitch, by .71 (hundredths). This gives the length of the rafters from the apex to the end of the wall, and whatever they are to project must be taken into consideration.


NOTE .- By X or % pitch is meant that the apex or comb of the roof is to be xx or }{ the width of the building higher than the walls or base of the rafters.


How to reckon the cost of hay.


RULE .- Multiply the number of pounds by half the price per ton, and remove the decimal point three places to the left.


How to measure grain.


RULE .- Level the grain ; ascertain the space it occupies in cubic feet ; multiply the number of cubic feet by 8, and point off one place to the left.


NOTE .- Exactness requires the addition to every three hundred busheis of one extra bushel.


The foregoing rule may be used for finding the number of gallons, by multiplying the number of bushels by 8.


If the corn in the box is in the ear, divide the answer by 2, to find the number of bushels of shelled corn, because it requires 2 bushels of car corn to make 1 of shelled corn.


Rapid rules for measuring land without instruments.


In measuring land, the first thing to ascertain is the contents of any given plot in square yards ; then, given the number of yards, find out the number of rods and acres.


The most ancient and simplest measure of distance is a step. Now, an ordinary-sized man can train himself to cover one yard at a stride, on the average, with sufficient accuracy for ordinary purposes.


To make use of this means of measuring distances, it is essential to walk in a straight line ; to do this, fix the eye on two objects in a line straight ahead, one comparatively near, the other remote; and, in walk- ing, keep these objects constantly in linc.


Farmers and others by adopting the following simple and ingenious con- trivance, may always carry with them the scale to construct a correct yard measure.


Take a foot rule, and commencing at the base of the little finger of the left hand, mark the quarters of the foot on the outer borders of the left arm, pricking in the marks with indelible ink.


To find how many rods in length will make an acre, the width being given. RULE .- Divide 160 by the width, and the quotient will be the answer.


287


MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.


How to find the number of acres in any plot of land, the number of rods being given.


RULE .- Divide the number of rods by 8, multiply the quotient by 5, and remove the decimal point two places to the left.


The diameter being given, to find the circumference.


RULE .- Multiply the diameter by 3 1-7.


How to find the diameter, when the circumference is given.


RULE .- Divide the circumference by 3 1-7.


To find how many solid feet a round stick of timber of the same thick- ness throughout will contain when squared.


RULE .- Square half the diameter in inches, multiply by 2, multiply by the length in feet, and divide the product by 144.


General rule for measuring timber, to find the solid contents in feet.


RULE .- Multiply the depth in inches by the breadth in inches, and then multiply by the length in feet, and divide by 144.


To find the number of feet of timber in trees with the bark on.


RULE .- Multiply the square of one-fifth of the circumference in inches, by twice the length, in feet, and divide by 144. Deduct 1-10 to 1-15 according to the thickness of the bark.


Howard's new rule for computing interest.


RULE .- The reciprocal of the rate is the time for which the interest on any sum of money will be shown by simply removing the decimal point two places to the left; for ten times that time, remove the point one place to the left; for 1-10 of the same time, remove the point three places to the left.


Increase or diminish the results to suit the time given.


NOTE .- The reciprocal of the rate is found by inverting the rate ; thus 3 per cent. per month, in- verted, becomes y of a month, or 10 days.


When the rate is expressed by one figure, always write it thus : 3-1, three ones.


Rule for converting English into American currency.


Multiply the pounds, with the shillings and pence stated in decimals, by 400 plus the premium in fourths, and divide the product by 90.


U. S. GOVERNMENT LAND MEASURE.


A township-36 sections each a mile square. A section-640 acres.


A quarter section, half a mile square-160 acres.


An eighth section, half a mile long, north and south, and a quarter of a mile wide-80 acres.


A sixteenth section, a quarter of a mile square-40 acres.


288


MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.


The sections are all numbered 1 to 36, commencing at the north-east corner.


The sections are divided into quarters, which are named by the cardinal points. The quarters are divided in the same way. The de- scription of a forty acre lot would read : The south half of the west half of the south-west quarter of section 1 in township 24, north of range 7 west, or as the case might be ; and sometimes will fall short and sometimes overrun the number of acres it is supposed to contain.


The nautical mile is 795 4-5 feet longer than the common mile.


SURVEYORS' MEASURE.


7 92-100 inches make 1 link. 25 links 1 rod.


4 rods. 1 chain.


80 chains. .. 1 mile.


NOTE .- A chain is 100 links, equal to 4 rods or 66 feet.


Shoemakers formerly used a subdivision of the inch called a barley- corn ; three of which made an inch.


Ilorses are measured directly over the fore feet, and the standard of measure is four inches-called a hand.


In Biblical and other old measurements, the term span is sometimes used, which is a length of nine inches. ,


The sacred cubit of the Jews was 24.024 inches in length.


The common cubit of the Jews was 21.704 inches in length.


A pace is equal to a yard or 36 inches.


A fathom is equal to 6 feet.


A league is three miles, but its length is variable, for it is strictly speaking a nautical term, and should be three geographical miles, equal to 3.45 statute miles, but when used on land, three statute miles are said to be a league.


In cloth measure an aune is equal to 1} yards, or 45 inches.


An Amsterdam ell is equal to 26.796 inches.


A Trieste ell is equal to 25.284 inches.


A Brabant ell is equal to 27.116 inches.


HOW TO KEEP ACCOUNTS.


Every farmer and mechanic, whether he does much or little business, should keep a record of his transactions in a clear and systematic man- ner. For the benefit of those who have not had the opportunity of ac- quiring a primary knowledge of the principles of book-keeping, we here present a simple form of keeping accounts which is easily comprehended, and well adapted to record the business transactions of farmers, mechanics and laborers.


289


MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.


1875.


A. II. JACKSON.


Dr. Cr.


Jan.


10 To 7 bushels Wheat


at $1.25


$8 75


$2 50


Feb. 4 To 14 bushels Oats


at $ .45


6 30


4 To 5 lbs. Butter


at


.25


1 25


March 8 By new Harrow


18 00


S By sharpening ? Plows


40


13 By new Double-Tree


2


25


April


9 To half ton of Hay


66


9 By Cash


25 00


May


6 By repairing Corn-Planter


4 75


July


4 By Cash, to balance account


35


15


$88 05


$88 05


1875.


CASSA MASON.


Dr.


March 21 By 3 days' labor


at $1.25


$3 .5


21 To 2 Shoats


at 3.00


$6 00


23 To 18 bushels Corn


at .45


8 10


May


1 By 1 month's Labor


25 00


1 To Cash


10,00


June


19|By S days' Mowing


at $1.50


12|00


2 75


July


10 To 27 lbs. Meat


at $ .10


2170


18,00


Aug.


12 By 6 days' Labor


at


1.50


9,00


20,00


Sept.


1 To Cash to balance account


18 20


861 75


$61 75


.


INTEREST TABLE.


A SIMPLE RULE FOR ACCURATELY COMPUTING INTEREST AT ANY GIVEN PER CENT. FOR ANY LENGTH OF TIME.


Multiply the principal (amount of money at interest) by the time reduced to days; then divide this product by the quotient obtained by dividing 360 (the number of days in the interest year) by the per cent. of interest, and the quotient thus obtained will be the required interest.


ILLUSTRATION. Solution.


Require the interest of $462.50 for one month and eighteen days at 6 per cent. An interest month is 30 days; one month and eighteen days equal 48 days. $462.50 multi- plied by .48 gives $222.0000; 360 divided by 6 (the per cent. of interest) gives 60, and $222.0000 divided by 60 will give you the exact interest, which is $3.70. If the rate of


$462.50 .48


370000


interest in the above example were 12 per cent., we would divide the $222.0000 by 30 6)360 ( because 360 divided by 12 gives 30); if 4 per cent., we would divide by 90; if 8 per _ cent., by 45: and in like manner for any other per cent.


185000


60/5222.0000($3.70 180


420


420


00


MISCELLANEOUS TABLE.


12 units, or things, 1 Dozen. 196 pounds, 1 Barrel of Flour. | 24 sheets of paper, 1 Quire. 200 pounds, 1 Barrel of Pork. 20 quires paper 1 Ream.


12 dozen, 1 Gross.


26 To 50 Ibs. Flour


4


29 By 9 days' Harvesting


at 2.00


12 To Cash


24 To one Sow with Pigs


11/50


27 To Cow and Calf


48 00


17 By shoeing span of Horses


20 things, I Score. 56 pounds, 1 Firkin of Butter. | 4 ft. wide, 4 f . high, and 8 ft. long, 1 Cord Wood.


290


MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.


NAMES OF THE STATES OF THE UNION, AND THEIR SIGNIFICATIONS.


Virginia .- The oldest of the States, was so called in honor of Queen Elizabeth, the "Virgin Queen," in whose reign Sir Walter Raleigh made his first attempt to colonize that region.


Florida .- Ponce de Leon landed on the coast of Florida on Easter Sunday, and called the country in commemoration of the day, which was the Pasqua Florida of the Spaniards, or " Feast of Flowers."


Louisiana was called after Louis the Fourteenth, who at one time owned that section of the country.


Alabama was so named by the Indians, and signifies " Here we Rest." Mississippi is likewise an Indian name, meaning " Long River."


Arkansas, from Kansas, the Indian word for "smoky water." Its prefix was really arc, the French word for " bow."


The Carolinas were originally one tract, and were called "Carolana," after Charles the Ninth of France.


Georgia owes its name to George the Second of England, who first established a colony there in 1732.


Tennessee is the Indian name for the "River of the Bend," i. e., the Mississippi which forms its western boundary.


Kentucky is the Indian name for " at the head of the river."


Ohio means " beautiful ; " Iowa, "drowsy ones ; " Minnesota, " cloudy water," and Wisconsin, " wild-rushing channel."


Illinois is derived from the Indian word illini, men, and the French suffix ois, together signifying " tribe of men."


Michigan was called by the name given the lake, fish-weir, which was so styled from its fancied resemblance to a fish trap.


Missouri is from the Indian word "muddy," which more properly applies to the river that flows through it.


Oregon owes its Indian name also to its principal river.


Cortes named California.


Massachusetts is the Indian for " The country around the great hills."


Connecticut, from the Indian Quon-ch-ta-Cut, signifying "Long River."


Maryland, after Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles the First, of England.


New York was named by the Duke of York.


Pennsylvania means " Penn's woods," and was so called after William Penn, its orignal owner.


291


MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.


Delaware after Lord De La Ware.


New Jersey, so called in honor of Sir George Carteret, who was Governor of the Island of Jersey, in the British Channel.


Maine was called after the province of Maine in France, in compli- ment of Queen Henrietta of England, who owned that province.


Vermont, from the French word Vert Mont, signifying Green Mountain.


New Hampshire, from Hampshire county in England. It was formerly called Laconia.


The little State of Rhode Island owes its name to the Island of Rhodes in the Mediterranean, which domain it is said to greatly resemble.


Texas is the American word for the Mexican name by which all that section of the country was called before it was ceded to the United States.


POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES.


POPULATION OF FIFTY PRINCIPAL CITIES.


CITIES.


Aggregate Population.


Alabama ..


996.992


Arkansas


484,471


California


560,247


Connecticut


New York, N. Y.


942,292


Philadelphia, Pa


674,022


Brooklyn, N. Y


396,099


Georgia ..


St. Louis, Mo ..


310.864


Illinois ..


Chicago, Ill ..


298.977


Indiana.


Baltimore, Md ..


267,354


low :...


Boston, Mass.


250,526


Kansas


Cincinnati, Ohio.


216, 239


Kentucky


New Orleans, La.


191,418


Louisiana


San Francisco, Cal


149,473 117,714


Maryland.


Washington, D. C.


109,199


Massachusetts.


105,059


Michigan.


Louisville, Ky


92,829


Mississippi ..


Pittsburg, Pa ..


86,076


Missouri ..


Jersey City, N. J


79.577


Nevada ..


71,440


New Hampshire.


Albany, N. Y ...


68,904


4,382.759


62,386


North Carolina


Allegheny, Pa ..


51.038


Oregon ..


New Haven, Conn ..


48,956


Rhode Island


Indianapolis, Ind ..


46,465


Tennessee .


1,258,520


43,051


Texas


Worcester, Mass.


40.928


Lowell. Mass ..


40,226


West Virginia.


442,014


39,634


Wisconsin.


1,054,670


37,180


Scranton, Pa ..


35.092 33,930


Reading, Pa ..


33,579


Paterson, N. J


32,260


Kansas City, Mo.


32,034


Dakota


14,181


District of Columbia.


131.700


Idaho .


11,999


Montana.


Wilmington, Del


30,473


Utah


Lawrence, Mass.


28.804


Wyoming ...


Charlestown, Mass.


28.2:


Total Territories


442,730


Lynn. Mass.


26,766


Total United States


38,555,983


Fall River, Mass.


30,841


New Mexico.


91,874


Dayton, Ohio.


28,921


Washington


23,955


Utica, N. Y.


28.323


Savannah, Ga ..


31,413


Portland, Me ..


31,274


20,595


Columbus, Ohio.


41,105


Virginia ..


1,225,163


Memphis, Tenn.


Cambridge, Mass.


Hartford, Conn


Total States


38.113,253


Arizona ..


9,658


Colorada.


39.864


Mobile, Ala.


53.180


Ohlo ..


90,923


50,840


Pennsylvania.


3,521,791


Charleston, S. C.


48,244


South Carolina.


705,606


Troy, N. Y.


Syracuse, N. Y.


818,579


Vermont.


330,551


Providence, R. I.


New York


Rochester, N. Y.


1,071.361


2,665.260


Richmond, Va ..


100,753


Minnesota.


Cleveland, Ohio.


1,721,295


82.546


Nebraska ..


Detroit, Mich ..


Milwaukee, Wis.


69,422


New Jersey


626.915


Maine.


Buffalo, N. Y.


780,894


1,457,351


Newark, N. J.


1,184,059


439,706


827.922


122,993 42.491


318.300


906,096


Florida ..


187,748


1.184,109


2,539,891


1,680,637


1,191,792


364,399


1.321,011


726,915


125,015


Delaware.


Total Population.


STATES AND TERRITORIES.


8.233


86.786


9,118


Toledo, Ohio.


31,584


217,353


537,454


292


MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.


POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES.


STATES AND TERRITORIES.


Area in square Miles.


POPULATION.


Miles R. R. 1872.


STATES AND TERRITORIES.


Area 11 square Miles.


1870.


1875.


Miles R. R. 1872.


States.


50,722


996,992


1,671


Pennsylvania. ...


46,000


3,521,791


5,113


Arkansas ..


52,198


484,471


25


Rhode Island.


1,306


217,353


258,239


136


California.


188 981


560,247


1,013


South Carolina ..


29,385


705,606


925,145


1.201


Connecticut.


4.674


537,454


820


Tennessee.


45,600


1,258,520


1,520


Delaware


2,120


125,015


222


Texas ..


237,504


818,579


865


Florida ..


59,268


187.748


466


Vermont


10,212


330,551


675


Georgia ..


58.000 1,184,109


2,108


Virginia ..


40,904


1,225,163


1,490


Illinois


55,410 2,539,891


5,904


West Virginia.


23,000


442.014


485


Indiana


33,809


1,680,637


3.529


Wisconsin


53,924


1,054.670


1.236,729


1,725


Iowa.


55.0-15 1,191.792


1,350,544


3.160


Total States.


1,950,171 38,113,253


59,587


Kentucky


37,600


1,321,011


1,123


Louislana


41,346


726,915


857,039


539


Maine ...


31,776


626.915


871


Arizona .


113,916


9,658


Maryland


11,184


780,894


820


Colorado ...


10-1,500


39,864


392


Massachusetts.


7,800 1,457,351 1,651,912


Dakota


147,490


14,181


Dist. of Columbia.


60


131,700


Idaho ..


90,93


14,999


Montana ..


143,776


20,595


New Mexico


121.201


91,874


375


Nevada.


112.090


42,491


52,540


593


Washington


69,944


23.955


498


New York ..


47.000 4.382.759


4,705,208


1,470


Totat Territories.


965,032


442,730


1,265


North Carolina ..


50,704 1.071,361


1,190


Olilo


39.964 2,665.260


3,740


Oregon


93,24.1


90,923


159


* Last Census of Michigan taken in 1874.


ยท Included in the Rallroad Mileage of Maryland.


PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD;


POPULATION AND AREA.


COUNTRIES.


Population.


Date of Census.


Area In Square Miles.


Inhabitants to Square Mile.


CAPITALS.


Population.


Cllna


446,500.000


1871


3.741.846


119.3


Pekin ..


1,648,800


British Empire


226.817.108


1871


4,677,432


48.6


London ..


3,251,800


Russla ...


81,925.490


1871


8.003,778


10.2


St. Petersburg.


667,000


United States with Alaska


38.925,600


1870


4.603.884


7.78


Washington


109,199


France .


36.469.800


1866


204.091


178.7


Paris


1,825,300


Austria and Hungary.


35.904,400


1869


240.348


149.4


Vienna


833,900


Japan.


34.785,300


1871


149,399


232.8


Yeddo.


1,554,900


Great Britain and Ireland.


31,817,100


1871


121,315


262.3


London


3,251,800


German Empire


29.906.092


1821


160,207


187.


Berlin


825,400


Italy


27.439.991


1871


118,847


230.9


Rome.


244,484


Spain


16.642.000


1867


195,775


85.


Madrid


332.000


Brazil.


10.000.000


3,253.029


3.07


Rio Janeiro.


420.000


Turkey


16.163.000


672.621


Constantinople


1,075.000


Mexico.


9.173.000


1869


761.526


Mexico


210.300


Sweden and Norway


5,921.500


1870


292,871


20.


Stockholm.


136,900


Persia ...


5,000.000


1870


635.964


7.8


Teheran.


120,000


Belgium.


5.021,300


1869


11,373


441.5


Brussels


314,100


Bavaria ..


4,861,400


1871


34.494


115.8


Lisbon


224,063


Holland


3.688.300


1870


12,680


290.9


Hague.


90,100


New Grenada


3.000.000


1870


357,157


8.4


Bogota.


45,000


Chili ..


2,000,000


1869


132.616


15.1


Santiago.


115,400


Switzerland.


2,669.100


1870


15,992


166.9


Berne.


36,000


Peru .


2.500,000


1871


5.3


Lima ..


160,100


Bolivia.


2,000.000


497.321


4.


Chuquisaca.


25.000


Argentine Republic.


1,812,000


1869


871,848


2.1


Buenos Ayres.


Wurtemburg


1,818,500


1871


7,533


Stuttgart


Denmark


1,784.700


1870


14.753


120.9


Venezuela


1,500,000


368,238


4.2


Caraccas


47,000


Baden.


1,461,400


1871


5,912


247.


Carlsruhe


36,600


Greece ...


1,457.900


1870


19,353


75.3


Guatemala


1,180,000


1871


40,879


28.9


1,300,000


1871


63,787


15.6


48,000


llesse


823,138


2,969


277.


3,000


San Salvador


600,000


1871


7.335


81.8


Hayti ..


572.000


10,205


56.


Port au Prince


20,000


Nicaragua.


350.000


1871


58,171


6.


Managna.


10,000


Uruguay ..


300,000


1871


66,722


6.5


Monte Video


44,500


Honduras


350,000


1871


47,092


7.4


Comayagua


12,000


San Domingo


136,000


17,827


7.6 San Domingo.


20,000


Costa Rica.


165,000


1870


21.505


7.7


San Jose


2,000


Hawaii.


62.950


7.633


80.


Honolulu


7,633


Kansas ...


81,318


361,399


528,349


1,760


Michigan*


56.451 1,184.059 1,334.031 2,235


Minnesota.


83.531


439,706


598,429


1,612


Mississippi.


47.156


827.922


990


Missouri.


65.350 1,721,295


123.993


246.280


828


Utah


80.056


86.786


New Hampshire.


9,280


318,300


Wyoming.


93,107


9,118


New Jersey


8.320


906,096 1,026.502


1,265


Aggregate of U. S .. 2,915,203 38,555,983


60,852


1820.


1875.


States.


Alabama


Ecuador.


218,928


5.9


Darmstadt


30,000


Liberia


718,000


1871


9,576


74.9


Monrovia


Sal Salvador


15,000


Portugal.


3.995,200


1868


29,292


165.9


Munich


169,500


177.800


241.4


Copenhagen.


162,042


Athens,


Guatemala


Quito


70,000


Paraguay.


Asuncion.


91,600


43,400


40,000


1,000,000


471.838


24.4


Nebraska ..


75.995


2.580


1.606


Territories.


POPULATION.


ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS.


BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND PROMISSORY NOTES.


Upon negotiable bills, and notes payable in this State, grace shall be allowed according to the law merchant. All the above mentioned paper falling due on Sunday, New Year's Day, the Fourth of July, Christmas, or any day appointed or recommended by the President of the United States or the Governor of the State, as a day of fast or thanksgiving, shall be deemed as due on the day pre- vious. No defense can be made against a negotiable instrument (assigned before due) in the hands of the assignee without notice, except fraud was used in obtaining the same. To hold an indorser, due diligence must be used by suit against the maker or his representative. Notes payable to person named or to order, in order to absolutely transfer title, must be indorsed by the payec. Notes payable to bearer may be transferred by delivery, and when so payable, every indorser thereon is held as a guarantor of payment, unless otherwise expressed.


In computing interest or discount on negotiable instruments, a month shall be considered a calendar month or twelfth of a year, and for less than a month, a day shall be figured a thirtieth part of a month. Notes only bear interest when so expressed; but after due, they draw the legal interest, even if not stated.


INTEREST.


The legal rate of interest is six per cent. Parties may agree, in writing, on a rate not exceeding ten per cent. If a rate of interest greater than ten per cent. is contracted for, it works a forfeiture of ten per cent. to the school fund, and only the principal sum can be recovered.


DESCENT.


The personal property of the deceased (except (1) that necessary for pay- ment of debts and expenses of administration ; (2) property set apart to widow, as exempt from execution ; (3) allowance by court, if necessary, of twelve months' support to widow, and to children under fifteen years of age), including life insurance, descends as does real estate.


One-third in value (absolutely) of all estates in real property, possessed by husband at any time during marriage, which have not been sold on execution or other judicial sale, and to which the wife has made no relinquishment of her right, shall be set apart as her property, in fee simple, if she survive him.


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ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS.


The same share shall be set apart to the surviving husband of a deceased wife.


The widow's share cannot be affected by any will of her husband's, unless she consents, in writing thereto, within six months after notice to her of pro- visions of the will.


The provisions of the statutes of descent apply alike to surviving husband or surviving wife.


Subject to the above, the remaining estate of which the decedent died siezed, shall in absence of other arrangements by will, descend


First. To his or her children and their descendants in equal parts; the descendants of the deceased child or grandchild taking the share of their deceased parents in equal shares among them.


Second. Where there is no child, nor descendant of such child, and no widow or surviving husband, then to the parents of the deceased in equal parts ; the surviving parent, if either be dead. taking the whole; and if there is no parent living, then to the brothers and sisters of the intestate and their descend- ants.


Third. When there is a widow or surviving husband, and no child or chil- dren, or descendants of the same, then one-half of the estate shall descend to such widow or surviving husband, absolutely ; and the other half of the estate shall descend as in other cases where there is no widow or surviving husband, or child or children, or descendants of the same.


Fourth. If there is no child. parent, brother or sister, or descendants of either of them, then to wife of intestate, or to her heirs, if dead, according to like rules.


Fifth. If any intestate leaves no child, parent, brother or sister, or de- scendants of either of them, and no widow or surviving husband, and no child, parent, brother or sister (or descendant of either of them) of such widow or surviving husband, it shall escheat to the State.


WILLS AND ESTATES OF DECEASED PERSONS.


No exact form of words are necessary in order to make a will good at law. Every male person of the age of twenty-one years, and every female of the age of eighteen years, of sound mind and memory, can make a valid will; it must be in writing, signed by the testator, or by some one in his or her presence, and by his or her express direction, and attested by two or more competent wit- nesses. Care should be taken that the witnesses are not interested in the will. Inventory to be made by executor or administrator within fifteen days from date of letters testamentary or of administration. Executors' and administra- tors' compensation on amount of personal estate distributed, and for proceeds of sale of real estate, five per cent. for first one thousand dollars, two and one-half per cent. on overplus up to five thousand dollars, and one per cent. on overplus above five thousand dollars, with such additional allowance as shall be reasona- ble for extra services.


Within ten days after the receipt of letters of administration, the executor or administrator shall give such notice of appointment as the court or clerk shall direct.


Claims (other than preferred) must be filed within one year thereafter, are forever barred, unless the claim is pending in the District or Supreme Court, or unless peculiar circumstances entitle the claimant to equitable relief.


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ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS.




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