USA > Iowa > Jones County > The history of Jones County, Iowa, containing a history of the county, its cities, towns, &c., biographical sketches of citizens history of the Northwest, history of Iowa > Part 32
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How to find the number of shingles required in a roof.
RULE .- Multiply the number of square feet in the roof by 8, if the shingles are exposed 4} inches, or by 7 1-5 if exposed 5 inches.
To find the number of square feet, multiply the length of the roof by twice the length of the rafters.
286
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
To find the length of the rafters, at ONE-FOURTH pitch, multiply the width of the building by .56 (hundredths) ; at ONE-THIRD pitch, by .6 (tenths) ; at TWO-FIFTHS pitch, by .64 (hundredths) ; at ONE-HALF pitch, by .71 (hundredths). This gives the length of the rafters from the apex to the end of the wall, and whatever they are to project must be taken into consideration.
NOTE .- By K or 1 pitch is meant that the apex or comb of the roof is to be Kor }{ the width of the bullding higher than the walls or base of the rafters.
How to reckon the cost of hay.
RULE .- Multiply the number of pounds by half the price per ton, and remove the decimal point three places to the left.
How to measure gruin.
RULE .- Level the grain ; ascertain the space it occupies in cubic feet ; multiply the number of cubic feet by 8, and point off one place to the left.
NOTE .- Exactness requires the addition to every three hundred bushels of one extra bushel.
The foregoing rule may be used for finding the number of gallons. by multiplying the number of bushels by 8.
If the eorn in the box is in the ear, divide the answer by 2, to find the number of bushels of shelled eorn, because it requires 2 bushels of ear corn to make 1 of shelled corn.
Rapid rules for measuring land without instruments.
In measuring land, the first thing to ascertain is the contents of any given plot in square yards ; then, given the number of yards, find out the number of rods and acres.
The most ancient and simplest measure of distance is a step. Now, an ordinary-sized man can train himself to eover one yard at a stride, on the average, with sufficient accuracy for ordinary purposes.
To make use of this means of measuring distances, it is essential to walk in a straight line ; to do this, fix the eye on two objects in a line straight ahead, one comparatively near, the other remote; and, in walk- ing, keep these objects constantly in line.
Farmers and others by adopting the following simple and ingenious con- trivance, may always carry with them the scale to construct a correct yard measure.
Take a foot rule, and commeneing at the base of the little finger of the left hand, mark the quarters of the foot on the onter borders of the left arm, pricking in the marks with indelible ink.
To find how many rods in length will make an acre, the width being given.
RULE .- Divide 160 by the width, and the quotient will be the answer.
287
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
How to find the number of aeres in any plot of land, the number of rods being given.
RULE .- Divide the number of rods by 8, multiply the quotient by 5, and remove the decimal point two places to the left.
The diameter being given, to find the circumference.
RULE .- Multiply the diameter by 3.1-7.
How to find the diameter, when the circumference is given.
RULE .- Divide the circumference by 3 1-7.
To find how many solid feet a round stiek of timber of the same thick- ness throughout will contain when squared.
RULE .- Square half the diameter in inches, multiply by 2, multiply by the length in feet, and divide the product by 144.
General rule for measuring timber, to find the solid contents in feet.
RULE .- Multiply the depth in inches by the breadth in inches, and then multiply by the length in feet, and divide by 144.
To find the number of feet of timber in trees with the bark on.
RULE .- Multiply the square of one-fifth of the circumference in inches, by twice the length, in feet, and divide by 144. Deduct 1-10 to 1-15 according to the thickness of the bark.
Howard's new rule for computing interest.
RULE .- The reciprocal of the rate is the time for which the interest on any sum of money will be shown by simply removing the decimal point two places to the left; for ten times that time, remove the point one place to the left; for 1-10 of the same time, remove the point three places to the left.
Increase or diminish the results to suit the time given.
NOTE .- The reciprocal of the rate is found by inverting the rate ; thus 3 per cent. per month, in- verted, becomes % of a month, or 10 days.
When the rate is expressed by one figure, always write it thus : 3-1, three ones.
Rule for converting English into American currency.
Multiply the pounds, with the shillings and pence stated in decimals, by 400 plus the premium in fourths, and divide the product by 90.
U. S. GOVERNMENT LAND MEASURE.
A township-36 sections each a mile square.
A section-640 acres.
A quarter section, half a mile square-160 acres.
An eighth section, half a mile long, north and south, and a quarter of a mile wide-80 acres.
A sixteenth section, a quarter of a mile square-10 acres.
288
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
The sections are all numbered 1 to 36, commencing at the north-east corner.
The sections are divided into quarters, which are named by the cardinal points. The quarters are divided in the same way. The de- scription of a forty acre lot would read: The south half of the west half of the south-west quarter of section 1 in township 24, north of range 7 west, or as the case might be; and sometimes will fall short and sometimes overrun the number of acres it is supposed to contain.
The nautical mile is 795 4-5 feet longer than the common mile.
SURVEYORS' MEASURE.
7 92-100 inches make 1 link. 25 links 1 rod. 66
4 rods 1 chain.
80 chains ..
1 mile.
NOTE .- A chain is 100 links, equal to 4 rods or 66 feet.
Shoemakers formerly used a subdivision of the inch called a barley- corn ; three of which made an inch.
Horses are measured directly over the fore feet, and the standard of measure is four inches-called a hand.
In Biblical and other old measurements, the term span is sometimes used, which is a length of nine inches.
The sacred cubit of the Jews was 24.024 inches in length.
The common cubit of the Jews was 21.704 inches in length.
A pace is equal to a yard or 36 inches.
A fathom is equal to 6 feet.
A league is three miles, but its length is variable, for it is strictly speaking a nautical term, and should be three geographical miles, equal to 3.45 statute miles, but when used on land, three statute miles are said to be a league.
In cloth measure an aune is equal to 1} yards, or 45 inches.
An Amsterdam ell is equal to 26.796 inches.
A Trieste ell is equal to 25.284 inches.
A Brabant ell is equal to 27.116 inches.
HOW TO KEEP ACCOUNTS.
Every farmer and mechanic, whether he does much or little business, should keep a record of his transactions in a clear and systematic man- ner. For the benefit of those who have not liad the opportunity of ac- quiring a primary knowledge of the principles of book-keeping, we here present a simple form of keeping accounts which is easily comprehended, and well adapted to record the business transactions of farmers, mechanics and laborers.
.
.
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
289
1875.
A. II. JACKSON.
Dr. Cr.
Jan. 10 To 7 bushels Wheat
at $1.25
88/25
17 By shoeing span of Horses
82.50
Feb. 4 To 14 bushels Oats
at 8 .45
6 30
4 To 5 lbs. Butter
at .25
1|25
March 8 By new Harrow
18,00
66 S By sharpening 2 Plows
40
13 By new Double-Tree
2 25
27 To Cow and Calf
48 00'
April
9 To half ton of Hay
6 25
16
9 By Cash
23 00
May 6 By repairing Corn-Planter
1150
July
4 By Cash, to balance account
35 15
SSS 05
888 03
1875.
CASSA MASON. Dr.
C -.
March 21 By 3 days' labor
at $1.25
$3.15
4 21 To 2 Shoats
at 3.00
$6,00
23 To 18 bushels Corn
at .45
8 10
May 1 By 1 month's Labor
25,00
June
19 By S days' Mowing
at $1.50
12.00
=
26 To 50 Ibs. Flour
2 15
July
10 To 22 lbs. Meat
at $ .10
2.20
29 By 9 days' Harvesting
at 2.00
18:00
Aug.
12 By 6 days' Labor
at 1.50
9.00
66
12 To Cash
20.00
Sept.
1 To Cash to balance account
18 20
861 75
801 75
INTEREST TABLE.
A SIMPLE RULE FOR. ACCURATELY COMPUTING INTEREST AT ANY GIVEN PER CENT. FOR ANY LENGTH OF TIME.
Multiply the principal (amount of money at interest) by the time reduced to days; then divide this product by the quotient obtained by dividing 360 . the number of days in the interest year) by the per cent. of interest and the quotient thus obtained will be the required interest.
ILLUSTRATION. Solution.
Require the interest of $162.50 for one month and eighteen days at 6 per cent. An Interest nionth is 30 days: one month and eighteen days equal 48 diys. $462 30 multi- plied by . 48 gives 8222 0000: 360 divided by 6 (the per cent, of interest ) gives 60, and $222.0000 divided by 60 will give von the ev tet interest, which is 53.70. If the rate of
$462.50
.48
370000
Interest in the above example were 12 per cent., we would divide the $222.0000 by 30 6)360 ( because 360 divkled hy 13' gives 30): if 4 per cent., we would divide by 90; if 8 per. cent., by 45: and in like mauner for any other per cent.
183000
60/$222.0000($3.70 180
420
4:20
00
MISCELLANEOUS TABLE.
12 units, or things. 1 Dozen. | 196 pounds, 1 Barrel of Flour. ' 24 sheets of paper, 1 Quire. 12 dozen, 1 Gros, 200 pounds, 1 Birrel of Pork. 120 quires paper 1 Reau.
20 things, 1 Score. 56 pounds, 1 Firkin of Butter. | 4 ft. wide, 4f. high, and 8 ft. long, 1 Cord Wood.
-
1 To Cash
10,00
4 15
24 To one Sow with Pigs
290
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
NAMES OF THE STATES OF THE UNION, AND THEIR SIGNIFICATIONS.
Virginia .- The oldest of the States, was so called in honor of Queen Elizabeth, the "Virgin Queen," in whose reign Sir Walter Raleigh mnade his first attempt to colonize that region.
Florida .- Ponce de Leon landed on the coast of Florida on Easter Sunday, and called the country in commemoration of the day, which was the Pasqua Florida of the Spaniards, or " Feast of Flowers."
Louisiana was called after Louis the Fourteenth, who at one time owned that section of the country.
Alabama was so named by the Indians, and signifies ". Here we Rest." Mississippi is likewise an Indian name, meaning " Long River."
Arkansas, from Kansas, the Indian word for "smoky water." Its prefix was really arc, the French word for " bow."
The Carolinas were originally one tract, and were called "Carolana," after Charles the Ninth of France.
Georgia owes its name to George the Second of England, who first established a colony there in 1732.
Tennessee is the Indian name for the " River of the Bend," i. e., the Mississippi which forms its western boundary.
Kentucky is the Indian name for " at the head of the river."
Ohio means " beautiful ; " Iowa, " drowsy ones ; " Minnesota, " cloudy water," and Wisconsin, "wild-rushing channel."
Illinois is derived from the Indian word illini, men, and the French suffix ois, together signifying " tribe of men."
Michigan was called by the name given the lake, fish-weir, which was so styled from its fancied resemblance to a fish trap.
Missouri is from the Indian word "muddy," which more properly applies to the river that flows through it.
Oregon owes its Indian name also to its principal river.
Cortes named California.
Massachusetts is the Indian for " The country around the great hills."
Connecticut, from the Indian Quon-ch-ta-Cut, signifying "Long River."
Maryland, after Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles the First, of England.
New York was named by the Duke of York.
Pennsylvania means " Penn's woods," and was so called after William Penn, its orignal owner.
291
Delaware after Lord De La Ware.
New Jersey, so called in honor of Sir George Carteret. who was Governor of the Island of Jersey, in the British Channel.
Maine was called after the province of Maine in France, in compli- ment of Queen Henrietta of England, who owned that province.
Vermont, from the French word Vert Mont, signifying Green Mountain.
New Hampshire, from Hampshire county in England. It was formerly called Laconia.
The little State of Rhode Island owes its name to the Island of Rhodes in the Mediterranean, which domain it is said to greatly resemble.
Texas is the American word for the Mexican name by which all that section of the country was called before it was ceded to the United States.
POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES.
STATES AND TERRITORIES,
Total Population.
CITIES.
Aggregate Population.
Alabama.
996.992
Arkansas.
484. 471
California
560.247
Connecticut.
537.454
Delaware.
125.015
Florida ..
187,749
Georgia.
1.154.109
Illinois.
2.539.491
Indiana.
1.650,637
Baltimore, Md.
267.354
Iowa ..
1,191.792
Kansas
364.399
Kentucky
1.321.011
Louisiana
726.915
San Francisco, Cal.
149.473
Maryland.
$50.894
Washington, D. C.
109.199
Massachusetts.
1.457.351
Newark. N. J.
105.059
Minnesota
439.706
Cleveland, Ohio ...
92.629
Missouri ..
1,721.295
Jersey City, N. J
82.546
Nevada
42.491
71.440
New Hampshire.
318,300
69.422
New York
4.382.759
Rochester, N. Y
62.346
Ohio. .
2,665.260
53.140 51.038
Pennsylvania ..
3,521,791
Charleston, S. C.
44.956
Indianapolis, Ind.
48 244
Tennessee .
1.254,520
43.051
Worcester. Mass.
41.105
Virginia ...
1,225.163
Memphis, Teun ..
40,226
West Virginia.
442.014
Wisconsin
1,054.670
Hartford, Conu.
37,190
>Pranton, Pa.
35.042 33.9;0
Paterson, N. J
33.519
Colorada.
39.864
Dakota
14.1-I
District of Columbia.
131.700
Idaho
14,999
Montana
20.595
Wilmington, Del.
30,841
New Mexico
91.874
Utzh .
86.786
Lawrence, MaSs.
24.921 24-04
Wyoming ..
9.119
Charlestown. Mass
28.343
Total Territories
442.730
Lynn. MASS.
24.293
Total United States
38.555.983
Fall River, Maas
26.766
New York, N. Y.
942.292
Philadelphia, Pa
674.022
Brooklyn, N. Y.
394.099
St. Louis, Mo ..
310 864
Chicago, 111
298.977
Boston, Mass.
250,526
Cincinnati, Ohio,
216,239
New Orleans, La.
191.419
Maine.
626.915
Buffalo, N. Y.
117.714
Michigan.
1,184.059
Louisville, Ky ..
100.753
Mississippi.
827.922
Pittsburg. Pa.
86.076
Nebraska
122.993
Detroit, Mich.
79.577
New Jersey
906.096
69,904
North Carolina
1,071.361
Allegheny, Pa ..
Richmond, Va.
50,840
Rhode Island
217.353
South Carolina
705.606
Troy, N. Y.
46.465
Texas
813.579
Vermont ..
330.551
Lowell, Mass.
40.923
Cambridge, Mass.
39,64
Total States
38.113.253
Reading, l'a ...
Arizona ..
9,659
Kansas City, Mo.
32.210
Mobile, Ala ..
32.024
Toledo, Olio
31.5×4
Portland, Me.
31.413
Columbus, Ohio
31.274
Dayton, Ohio ..
30.473
Washington
23.955
Ctica, N. Y.
Savannah, Ga.
2× 235
Oregonl.
90.923
Milwaukee, Wis.
Albany, N. Y.
Providence, R. I.
New Haven, Conn ..
Syracuse, N. Y.
POPULATION OF FIFTY PRINCIPAL CITIES.
-
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
292
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES.
MiIr's
Miles
STATES AND TERRITORIES.
Area In square Miles.
POPULATION.
R. R.
STATES AND TERRITORIES.
Ales Ilt square Miles.
1870.
1875.
1872.
States.
States.
Alab.ims
50.722
996.992
1,671
Pennsylvania.
46.000
3.521.791
5.113
Arkansas ..
32.198
484.471
Rhode Island ....
1,306
$17.353.
252, 559
1 '6
California ..
184 981
560.217
1.013
South Carolina.
29.3851
705.606
923.143
1 :201
Connecticut.
4 074
537.454
820
Tennessee.
45,600
1.254.520
1,500
Delaware ..
2,120
125.015
Texas.
237.304
818.579
Flurida.
59.2651
197.744
460 1
Vermont.
10.212
3 0.531
Virginia.
40,904
1,225, 163
1.4 )
West Virginia
23.000
442.014
4×3
Indiana.
33.09.1.650.037
3.59
Wisconsin
53.924
1.054.670
1.20.
1.7:3
Iowa.
35.045/1,191.792
3.160
Total States
1,950,171 38,113,253
59,587
Kentucky
37.000 1,321.011
1,123
Louisiana
41.346 726.915
537.039
539
Malue ...
31,776
626.915
871
Arizon !!
113.916
9,659
Maryland
11,184
70.894
Colorado.
104.500
39.964
395
Massachusetts
7.800 1.457.351 1.631,912
1.606
147.490
14.191
Michigan*
56.451|1.144,0159 1,334.0 31
I.la110.
90.933.
14.999
Mississippi.
47.1561
827.022
Montana.
143.776.
20.595
Missouri ..
65.350 1,721.993
New Mexico
121.201:
91,874
375
Nevada
112.090
42,491
52.540
593
Washington.
69.944
23.935
498
New Jersey
8.320
906.096 1.026,502 1.265
New York.
47.000 4.342.739 4.705. 208 4.470
Total Territories.
965.032
442.730
1,265
Ohio ..
89.964 2,665.260
3.740
Oregon .
95,244
90.9231
159
Aggregate of U. S .. 2,913,203 38,555,983
€9.852
. Last Census of Michigan taken in 1874.
. Included in the Railroad Mileage of Maryland.
PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD; POPULATION AND AREA.
COUNTRIES.
Population.
Date of Census.
Area in Square Miles.
Inhabitants to Square Mile.
CAPITALS.
Population.
China
446.500 000
1971
3.741.846
119.3
Pekin ..
1.648.500
British Empire.
226.817.108
1871
4.677.432
44.6
London ..
3,251,800
Russia ..
81.925.420
8.003,778
10.2
St. Petersburg.
667.000
United States with Alaska
38.925.600
1870
4.603.884
7.7%
Washington
109,199
France ..
38.469,800
156b
204.091
178 7
Paris.
1.825,300
Austria and Hungary.
35.904,400
1869
240 349
119.4
Vienna
833.900
lapan.
34.785.300
1521
149,899
232.8
Yendo ..
1.554.900
Great Britain and Ireland. German Empire.
29.906.092
1871
160,907
187.
Berlin .
825.400
Italy
27.419.921
1871
118.847
230.9
Rome ..
244.1-4
Spain .
16 h42.000
1867
195,775
55.
Madrid
332.000
Brazil.
10 000.000
3.251 029
3.07
Po Janeiro
420.000
Turkey
16.163.000
672.b21
04.4
Constantinople
1,075.000
Mexico.
9,173.000
1869
761.536
Mexico
210.300
Sweilen and Norway
5.921 500
1×70
292.871
Stockholm
136.900
Persia.
5.000.000
1570
6.35.964
7.8
Teheran.
120.000
Belgium.
5.021.300
1-69
11.373
441.5
Brussels
314.100
Bavaria.
4.861.400
1871
29.202
165.9
Munich.
169.500
Portugal.
3.993.200
1×63
34.494
115.8
Lisbon.
224.063
Holland.
3.649.300
1870
12.6-0
Hague ..
90,100
New Grenada.
3.000 000)
1470
357,157
4.4
Bogota.
45.000
Chili ..
2,000 000
1459
13.616
15.1
Santiago.
115,400
Switzerland
2,669.100
1470
15.992
166.9
iserue.
36.000
Peru .
2.500.000)
1871
471.×38
5.3
Lima.
160.100
Bolivia ..
2.000.000
497.321
4.
Chuquisaca ..
25.000
Wurtemburg
1.818.500
1871
7.533
Stuttgart.
91.600
Denmark.
1,784.700
1570
14.753
120.9
Venezuela.
1,500.000
368.235
4.2
Caraccas
47.000
Balen ..
1.461.400
1871
5.912
C.irisrube
36.600
Greece ..
1.457.900)
1870
19,353
15.3
Guatemala
1,180,000
1871
40,474
29.9
40,000
Paraguay
AAsuncion.
43,000
llesse ..
833.138
2.9h9
277.
Darmstadt
30.000
Liberia
719 001
1871
9.576
74.9
Monrovia ..
3.000
San Salvador ..
600.000
1571
7.335
81.8
Saf Salvador
15.000
Havti ..
572.000
10,205
56.
Port au Prince.
20.000
Nicar igua.
3.30.000
1971
5%.171
6.
Managia.
10.000
Uruguay.
300.000
1871
6b. ~
6.5
Monte Valeo
44.500
Honduras
350.000
1871
17,09%
7.4
foutavagna.
12.000
San Domingo.
136,000
17.827
San Domingo.
20.000
Costa Rica.
165.000)
1870
21.505
7.7
San Jose ..
2.000
Hawaii.
62.955
7.633
80.
Honolulu
7,633
75.995.
123.993
246.280
Ut.t'1.
80 056
86.786
New Hampshire.
9.240
318 300
Wyoming
93,107
9.118
North Carolina ..
50.704 1,071.361
1.190
Kansas ..
81.313
361,399
528.349 1.700
Territories.
42.1
1 ist. of Columbia.
131,700
Minnesota.
83.531| 439.706)
508.429 1,612
400
Georgia. Illinois
53.000:1.1>4. 109
2,10g .
53.410'2.539, 591
3.904 .
1,350,544
POPULATION.
P. R.
1870.
1875.
1872.
1849
871.848
2.1
Buenos Ayres.
177.600
Copenhagen.
162.042
Athens ..
Guatemala
Ernador.
1.300,000
218.928
5.9
Quito
70.000
1871
63.7-7
15 6
31.817.100
1871
121.315
262.3
London
3,251.800
20.
290.9
Argentine Republic.
1.812 000
241.4
43,400
Nebraska
-
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS.
BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND PROMISSORY NOTES.
Upon negotiable bills, and notes payable in this State, grace shall be allowed according to the law merchant. All the above mentioned paper falling due on Sunday, New Year's Day, the Fourth of July, Christmas, or any day appointed or recommended by the President of the United States or the Governor of the State, as a day of fast or thanksgiving, shall be deemed as due on the day pre- vious. No defense can be made against a negotiable instrument (assigned before dne) in the hands of the assignee without notice, except fraud was used in obtaining the same. To hold an indorser, due diligence must be used by suit against the maker or his representative. Notes payable to person named or to order, in order to absolutely transfer title, must be indorsed by the payee. Notes payable to bearer may be transferred by delivery, and when so payable, every indorser thereon is held as a guarantor of payment, unless otherwise expressed.
In computing interest or discount on negotiable instruments, a month shall be considered a calendar month or twelfth of a year, and for less than a month. a day shall be figured a thirtieth part of a month. Notes only bear interest when so expressed; but after due, they draw the legal interest, even if not stated.
INTEREST.
The legal rate of interest is six per cent. Parties may agree, in writing, on a rate not exceeding ten per cent. If a rate of interest greater than ten per cent. is contracted for, it works a forfeiture of ten per cent. to the school fund, and only the principal sum can be recovered.
DESCENT.
The personal property of the deceased (except (1) that necessary for pay- ment of debts and expenses of administration ; (2) property set apart to widow. as exempt from execution ; (3) allowance by court, if necessary, of twelve monthis' support to widow, and to children under fifteen years of age), including life insurance, descends as does real estate.
One-third in value (absolutely) of all estates in real property, possessed by husband at any time during marriage, which have not been sold on execution or other judicial sale, and to which the wife has made no relinquishment of her right, shall be set apart as her property, in fee simple, if she survive him.
(293)
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ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS.
BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND PROMISSORY NOTES.
Upon negotiable bills, and notes payable in this State. grace shall be allowed according to the law merchant. All the above mentioned paper falling due on Sunday, New Year's Day, the Fourth of July, Christmas, or any day appointed or recommended by the President of the United States or the Governor of the State, as a day of fast or thanksgiving, shall be deemed as due on the day pre- vious. No defense ean be made against a negotiable instrument (assigned before due) in the hands of the assignee without notice, except fraud was used in obtaining the same. To hold an indorser, due diligence must be used by suit against the maker or his representative. Notes payable to person named or to order, in order to absolutely transfer title, must be indorsed by the payee. Notes payable to bearer may be transferred by delivery, and when so payable, every indorser thereon is held as a guarantor of payment, unless otherwise expressed.
In computing interest or discount on negotiable instruments, a month shall be considered a calendar month or twelfth of a year, and for less than a month. a day shall be figured a thirtieth part of a month. Notes only bear interest when so expressed; but after due, they draw the legal interest, even if not stated.
INTEREST.
The legal rate of interest is six per cent. Parties may agree, in writing, on a rate not exceeding ten per cent. If a rate of interest greater than ten per cent. is contracted for, it works a forfeiture of ten per cent. to the school fund, and only the principal sum can be recovered.
DESCENT.
The personal property of the deceased (except (1) that necessary for pay- ment of debts and expenses of administration ; (2) property set apart to widow. as exempt from execution ; (3) allowance by court, if necessary, of twelve months' support to widow, and to children under fifteen years of age), including life insurance, descends as does real estate.
One-third in value (absolutely) of all estates in real property, possessed by husband at any time during marriage, which have not been sold on exeention or other judicial sale, and to which the wife has made no relinquishment of her right, shall be set apart as her property, in fee simple, if she survive him.
(293)
294
ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS.
The same share shall be set apart to the surviving husband of a deceased wife.
The widow's share cannot be affected by any will of her husband's, unless she consents, in writing thereto, within six months after notice to her of pro- visions of the will.
The provisions of the statutes of descent apply alike to surviving husband or surviving wife.
Subject to the above, the remaining estate of which the decedent died siezed, shall in absence of other arrangements by will. descend
First. To his or her children and their descendants in equal parts; the descendants of the deceased child or grandchild taking the shade of their deceased parents in equal shares among them.
Second. Where there is no child, nor descendant of such child, and no widow or surviving husband, then to the parents of the deceased in equal parts ; the surviving parent, if either be dead, taking the whole; and if there is no parent living, then to the brothers and sisters of the intestate and their descend- ants.
Third. When there is a widow or surviving husband, and no child or chiil- dren, or descendants of the same, then one-half of the estate shall descend to such widow or surviving husband, absolutely ; and the other half of the estate shall descend as in other cases where there is no widow or surviving husband, or child or children, or descendants of the same.
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