USA > Iowa > Mahaska County > The history of Mahaska County, Iowa, containing a history of the county, its cities, towns, &c., a biographical directory of its citizens, war record of its volunteers in the late rebellion, general and local statistics > Part 41
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You sed that the superintender would be a round to exZamen your skool and you want them two have books all alike I don't Cair a damn for him and you nother that damnable pairty has tride two ruin our Country in Chertz and in poletekel a fares.
I must Cloes.
from J .- M ----- r."
From the last report of the county superintendent (1877) we quote as follows:
" The People and the Schools .- In America the people are the makers and builders of laws and institutions. Whatever the thoughts and con- sciences of society dictate, that is our life and condition as a people. The schools are pleasant, efficient and progressive, if the people make them so, not otherwise. Anything which can be done by educators to awaken closer sympathy and a deeper interest in the public mind, should be done. We must have for the schools devoted labor and a liberal purse.
" Course of Study .- The weakness of country schools is their lack of system. To overcome this evil the teachers of this county voted, at the
326
HISTORY OF MAHASKA COUNTY.
institute of 1876, that the county superintendent should write a course of study for the country schools, and that they would do what they could to introduce and use it. The course has been printed, and put into the hands of school boards and teachers. Its suggestions have been adopted by some, and by others carefully considered. By this the question of classifying country schools has been brought forward, and is favorably received. If the educators of the state will discuss the matter and try it, a much-needed reform will be commenced.
" Normal Institutes and Normal Schools .- Every institute held in Mahaska shows the wisdom of the law. The attendance this year was two hundred and seventy-one. Among this number were one hundred persons without any experience in teaching, while more than fifty of them held first-class certificates, from a careful examination. While young persons learn the theory, older teachers understand their profession better. Our colleges at Oskaloosa have organized normal departments, and are furnish- ing good training for teachers. We need more normal schools in Iowa.
" Educational Association, Library, etc .- In the latter part of 1876 an educational association was formed among the teachers of the connty for general improvement, and the discussion of educational topics. Two meet- ings are held annually for the county at large, beside local meetings in the townships. This is the best mneans yet discoverred for rousing the people. This association also planned a library to circulate among the members. It now contains almost three hundred books, is kept at the county superin- tendent's office, and does great good among the teachers. Recently branch libraries have been formed, to reach every part of the county.
" For more than three years the teachers have kept a department in some of the county papers. In this school questions have been freely discussed. Experience teaches that the library and educational column should be sup- ported in every county in the state."
Of those who have received State certificates we note three Mahaska county teachers, Miss Amanda E. Rodgers and Laura Hanson, graduates of the normal department of the State University in 1871, and Prof. H. H. Seerley, gradnate of same in 1873.
Some idea of the present condition of the schools may be gained from the following table:
1877.
EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS OF MAHASKA COUNTY.
Number of districts in township
8
independent districts
75
sub-districts .. 63
ungraded schools . .
133
graded
11
. . Average number of months taught in 1877 . . .
7.80
Number of male teachers employed .
" female 66
66
191
Average compensation of males per month 66 66 females
30.67
Number of pupils between ages of five and twenty-one.
9,792
66 66 enrolled in public schools.
7,589
Average attendance. .
..
4,468
cost of tuition per month
$1.26
.
.
111
$35.97
. . .
Heury Co. Leighton)
HISTORY OF MAHASKA COUNTY.
Number of school houses Value of same
139
Number of professional certificates issued.
none
males
40
66 66 66
66
females
...
males . .
95
לל
66
females
100
66
applicants examined
451
66
66 certificates issned .. . . .
281
Average age of applicants, males 66 6.
females
22
Number of schools visited by superintendent
.. 100
Compensation of superintendent, 1877
$939.00
Private schools in county .
4
Pupils attending
245
SCHIOOL HIOUSE FUND.
Paid for school houses and sites
$19,534.78
66 library and apparatus. . 145.31
6,902.31
On hand.
. .. 5,847.61
CONTINGENT FUND.
Paid for rent, fuel, repairs, etc.
$19,402.23
On hand .
4,097.33
TEACHERS' FUND.
Paid teachers
$+3,910.37
On hand ...
19,037.65
Total expenditures in the three funds for 1877 $89,895.00
amounts on hand
28,982.59
Of the permanent school fund belonging to the State of Iowa $35,000 is in the hands of the anditor of Mahaska county, whose duty it is to keep it loaned out on good security and report interest to the State auditor.
The following is an official list of the
TEACHIERS IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF MAHASKA COUNTY, 1877.
NAMES.
ADDRESS.
Terms taught.
Institutes
attended,
NAMES.
ADDRESS.
Terms taught.
Institutes
Įattended.
Jasper Hull.
Oskaloosa. ..
40
10
Theophilus White
Oskaloosa. ...
1
1
Alice Simmons.
3
Mary E. Root .
1
1
J. W. Sargent.
66
7
2
Hattie Vicroy
Nannie Russell
Anna Bovell.
7
4
Becca E. Fisher
14
9
Clara Clyde Lacey
11
6
Mary Pike . .
2
Lottie H. Gay.
1
Emma Wood
11
2
Susie J. Jones
May E. Eastman
9
2
Ida M. Perry.
2
2
Laura Morrow.
3
O. H. Brainerd
Nora Kemble.
10
6
Retta Hambleton
3
Ervilla Harris ..
2
1
Lyda Hartman
2
A. M. Davenport.
6
2
Emma Waynick.
15
5
21
$200,405.00
1st grade
46
66 2d
25
.
.
.
. .
on bonds and interest
66
3
329
330
HISTORY OF MAHASKA COUNTY.
TEACHERS IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF MAHASKA COUNTY, 1877-CONTINUED.
NAMES.
ADDRESS.
Terms
taught.
Institutes
attended.
NAMES.
ADDRESS.
Terms
taught.
Institutes
2 N cel attended.
Ella H. Kimball
Oskaloosa .. .
1
2
C. S. Hull.
Oskaloosa ...
1
3
Alice M. Little.
66
2
1
Lida Collins.
66
31
13
Sarah E. Lindley.
4
2
Carrie M. Hawkins
14
6
Anna Hawkins
1
2
G. S. Slagle.
66
4
3
Jennie McNeilan
2
1
Sallie Cox. .
1 9
10
5
H. H. Seerley
15
4
Josie Baker
15
8
L. B. Hanson.
8
12
Jennie Corse
28
12
Mary Baughman
1
O. W. Wade.
28
5
Jennie Berry .
66
1
Lida J. Pickerell
30
15
Solomon Hull
6
3
J. S. Outland.
6
3
Flora Beaman.
66
Lou J. Hawkins
66
23
12
Helen M. Hull
Alta L. Orvis.
Beacon ..
. .
18
10
Minta Byers
3
Nellie E. Jones.
4
1
Mary Bovell
3
Laura Carpenter.
3
2
Anna McLansborough
Lizzie Jones.
4
1
Wm. A. Clymer.
C. F. Ketner
4
2
M. W. Beach.
1
J. W. Godfrey
2
2
Wilford Hull.
8
3
W. A. Loughridge.
7
3
Charles Stanley .
20
8
Susie E. Jones
T. C. Craven. .
6
3
Flora Currie.
1
Geo. H. Stone.
1
1
Sarah G. Cope.
New Sharon.
11 16
12
M. L. Hull.
1
1
Levi M. Hartley
2
1
Maggie Weltner
13
10
Lottie Kibbe .
8
3
B. H. McGrew .
3
2
Lucy J. Carson
16
6
Ben V. Garwood
2
3
Eliza B. Styles
66
S. E. Pugh. .
23
17
Alice Kirk
66
T. Corwin Young.
5
3
Lizzie Adamson
Maggie V. Sciple.
2
1
Lizzie Johnson. .
4
1
Albert Stringfellow
1
2
E. P. Michner
3
1
Alpheus Hunt.
5
3
J. S. Dean.
4
2
Geo. Hull ..
3
1
Wm. Dorr.
2
Jeptha Hunt
2
6
Robert Styles.
41
10
T. B. White
9
16
R. E. Busby
4
3
Rebecca Bailey
8
3
C. E. Hilson.
10
7 9
Sadie M. Wright.
7
3
F. D. Reid.
6
3
Kate A. Wright.
16
5
Blanch Reid
66
3
2
R. Anna Morris
15
7
2
2
T. C. Hambleton
$6
28
10
Sylvia Hensley.
3
2
H. T. Pickerell
8
4
Abija Harris.
1
W. D. Richardson
5
4
Annie Miller.
Agricola
1
Clara M. Gadd.
1
2
T. H. Bradbury
66
10 8
Amelia Ehlers.
66
2
2
Frank McCabe.
Leighton
2
1
Ella Hollister
9
4
A. C. Ross.
46
16
12
H. H. Gay
7
4
W. H. Price.
66
1
1
Clemmie Perdue
66
1
2
Ella Lamer.
1
Alice Sellers.
1
1
Ella Robertson
3
2
P. L. Kendig.
25
10
Mollie Male.
Eddyville. . ..
2
G. H. Zane.
2 S. A. Williams
66
16
7
E. O. Davis
..
41 2 Ina M. Miller.
3
2
* Years instead of terms.
32
16
D. A. Baker.
7
6
C. A. Sawin.
50
9
G. T. Darland.
12
6
Alice Collins.
13
6
S. J. Jack.
Lizzie McDonough.
1
2
Geo. Fansher
66
2
1
J. D. Yocum. .
*20
12
Hattie Lippart.
Indianapolis.
11
5
Angie Hughes
66
25
12
J. M. Hiatt.
6
Belle Smith.
3
Rebecca Johnson
18 6
A. J. Wales
34 8
Z. W. Thomas.
66
6
5
Mattie J. Michner
M. D. Hayes.
66
1192
Stella V. Orvis
.6
44
15
Clara Byers
1
W. J. Brewster.
2
Mollie J. Stanley
J. T. Davenport
1
Carrie R. Styles
66
Lizzie Johnson.
66
M. P. Gilchrist
66
66
5
60
IIISTORY OF MAHASKA COUNTY.
TEACHIERS IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF MANIASKA COUNTY, 1877-CONTINUED.
NAMES.
ADDRESS.
Terms
taught.
Institutes
attended.
NAMES.
ADDRESS.
Terms
taught.
Institutes
attended,
L. K. McElroy
Eddyville ... . ..
B
1
Luella Whited
Albia.
Mary H. Gibson
3
1
Lizzie Moore
F. E. Garwood.
3
1
Luella Humphreys
Fairfield
A. B. Thomas
1
I
J. K. Vorhees
Pella .
2
1
Clara Dashiell
2
W. W. Koek
Clara Hodler.
1
1
A. C. Bell.
2
1
Terzie Stephenson
Cedar
7
8
F. E. Craven
18
2
Alice Davis ..
1
2
Dora Brown.
2
1
Mary Mershon.
3
2
Lena McCormick
2
1
Mary McFall.
Fremont
17
8
Sadie Carpenter
Ferry
4
2
J. W. Slater.
9
12
Geo. Hinton.
Lovilla
1
3
Nettie Baitsell
5
W. A. Wray.
20
1
M. W. Byram.
66
41
8
Clara L. Gilmore
Knoxville. ..
3
C. G. Byram.
18
4
Alice Glenn.
66
2
James L. Byram
6.
5
2
S. M. Brewster.
Bloomfield .
6
4
J. A. Baitsell.
6
5
W. J. Brewster
2
2
Emma Baitsell
06
15
9
Mattie Miller.
Montezuma .
9
4
Emma Z. McAuley
Peoria
12
5
Mamie Carter
Mt. Pleasant,
Cleo McAuley .
7
3
Belle Stevenson.
Keota.
2
2
Iva J. Koontz
1
1
Sarah J. Hellings
Lacey
9
10
Dora Fuller.
66
12
6
Jacob A. Garner
Grandville
7
Ella Myers.
Union Mills.
2
H. A. Van Wie
Hopewell ..
1
1
Jos. E. Smith
6
"2
Alice Lord. ..
2
1
Belle Kisor.
3
2
Emma Tanner
66
6
7
W. H. Ogborn
2
1
Albert Richardson.
Springfield ..
M. S. Grace.
Mauch Chunk
33
12
J. C. Burkes
Flint . .
1
1
Daniel Zumwalt
5
4
J. E. King
Coal Creek .. 66
7
9
E. T. Lakin
Muchakinoc'
19
8
Hannah Warrington.
66
1
Total number of teachers, 210.
To those within her own boundaries, and to others from abroad wishing to pursue their studies beyond the curriculum of the public schools, Ma- haska county offers two excellent institutions, Oskaloosa College and Penn College, both of which receive full notice elsewhere.
THE PRESS.
No more infallible index to the state of society or the thrift of a com- munity can be found than the press it supports. Decide the question as you may, whether the press is the power behind the throne, or simply the mirror of public thought, the newspaper does not thrive in a virgin soil, but prospers only in a cultivated garden. There are no less than ten monthly and weekly publications in Mahaska county, and of these and their predecessors we take pleasure in mentioning at length.
The first newspaper established in the county was the Herald, which issued its first sheet in July, 1850. It was then but a little more than one- half its present size, and was called for a time the Iowa Herald, and after- ward changed to the Oskaloosa Herald, which name it still retains. The first proprietors were John R. Needham and Hugh McNeely, and it was run as a Whig paper until the Republican party was organized, since which
1
Geo. W. Hamilton
Rose Hill
9
2
Mattie Woods.
C. C. Wroughton
66
33
6
J. L. Billings
30
10
Adella Athearn
1
1
Reed Brown
66
Hannah Edmundson. .
Tracy ..
8
..
H. B. Fortney
. . .
331
332
HISTORY OF MAHASKA COUNTY.
time it has been a strong supporter of the principles of that party. The place of its original publication was in an old frame building on the south- east corner of the square, which was in marked contrast with the present complete and comfortable quarters of the journal. Type, presses, and gen- eral appearance of the paper have kept growth with the rapid development of the country, changing a small folio in pica and primer type, to a large, ten column journal in nonpareil, brevier and primer. A year or two after the paper was started McNeely sold out to John W. Murphy, and the office was moved to the west side of the square, in the second story of Street's block. Murphy sold to James H. Knox; he to James Brown; the latter, about the close of 1857, to Charles Beardsley-during all of which time John R. Needham continued as a partner.
At the outbreak of the war a daily was issued for some weeks. There was no telegraph station nearer than Eddyville, where a courier was sent to await the arrival of the train with the Burlington Hawkeye, this being the great newspaper of Iowa in that day. The courier secured a copy, mounted, and rode like a Jehu to the Herald office, where the principal items were almost ready for the press of the Oskaloosa daily before the stage-coach, the usual mail carrier, arrived. Four times during the war, we are in- fornied, every employe in the office of this loyal paper enlisted, leaving the proprietors to find new recruits, whom they might apprentice for the service of Uncle Sam. In the spring of 1865 Needham and Beardsley sold to a company in which C. W. Fisher was one of the principal stockholders, and C. W. Fisher and W. E Shepherd were editors. Shortly afterward, John W. Murphy again bought an interest. November 16, 1865, Mr. Murphy sold to H. C. Leighton and W. H. Needham. In January, 1867, W. A. Hunter bought the interest of Colonel Fisher, and in March, 1870, sold out his share of property to his partners, and the firm became Leighton and Needham. August 2, 1877, W. H. Needham was bought out by Geo. R. Lee and Wm. M. Leighton, who, with the remaining partner, formed the firm of Leighton, Lee and Leighton. Henry C. Leighton, of whom we make mention elsewhere, was universally lamented in his death, which oc- curred January 31, 1878. Charles Leighton has been appointed adminis- trator of the estate of Henry C. Leighton, and the firm continues under the old name, with Charles as business manager, and Geo. R. Lee, editor- in-chief. Both men are practical printers, have served their days as typos and journeymen. Mr. Lee was, in his day at the types, one of the most rapid workmen in the state. Win. Leighton is manager of the job office, and is recognized as second to none of his rivals in that department.
The Herald is the largest weekly issued from a country press in Iowa, and is now printed in its own building, 20x120 feet on Main street, and is most complete in facilities for newspaper printing and job work. This paper lives near the hearts of its patrons, and among its two thousand sub- scribers it has many warm, personal friends, who do not forget to manifest their friendship in a tangible manner. This mutual good feeling has been the occasion of the growth in the Herald office of one of the finest cab- inets of specimens in the state. In 1872 the Herald requested Mahaska county coal men to bring in specimens of their coal, that they might have on exhibition in the office the coal products of this banner coal county. The response was hearty and prompt. Specimens of other kinds came in, and without design began the Herald cabinet. This now contains probably 15,000 specimens in geology, war relics, entymology, coins, shells, natural
333
HISTORY OF MAHASKA COUNTY.
history, agriculture, archaeology, etc. These have been the result, for the most part, of voluntary contribution, the only considerable purchase made by the Herald office being a private collection of O. P. Hays, Natural Science professor in Oskaloosa college, some years ago. The cabinet con- tains abont 1,500 rare coins, gold, silver, and copper, a medal in memory of the battle of Culloden, most of the one cent pieces for each year since 1793, and many curious specimens from other lands. Numerous old books and newspapers have found their way into this collection, among which is a copy of the Boston News Letter, the first newspaper published in America, and an old book, from the title page of which we read:
DE REBUS GESTIS
ALEXANDER MAGNI,
TYPIS. JOHANNIS BAPTISTAE FONTANAE, TAURINI MCCXXVI.
John Fontana was one of the first printers, and this book was probably issued in the latter part of the fifteenth century, the date being, perhaps, that of the composition of the work. The cabinet also contains a fragment of the great Iowa meteor of a few years ago, secured at an expense of about fifty dollars. But general mention of individual specimens is im- possible. The problem now with the Herald is, how to find room for their specimens. A fine walnut case, covering the whole side of the office from floor to ceiling, contains the most valuable contributions upon one hundred and sixty feet of shelving, but accommodations are yet lacking for a satis- factory display of many of their relics. Undoubtedly they will be pro- vided for, as the Herald men are, and justly so, quite proud of their free museum.
Most of the time since 1854, Oskaloosa, or Mahaska county, more prop- erly speaking, has supported a Democratic paper. The first sheet of this party was the Oskaloosa Times, being the second paper in the county, and established January, 1854, by Messrs. Cameron & Ingersoll. The junior partner was the well-known L. D. Ingersoll, or familiarly "Link ," the fa- mons Washington correspondent for various metropolitan papers, and who, in later days as a radical Republican, probably looks back with regret upon the time when he enlivened Central Iowa by Democratic leaders and Jack- sonian paragraphs. After a time the paper changed hands, and was ably conducted by R. R. Harbour and David Coomes. Samuel Bressler next bought Coomes' interest. A. A. Wheelock subsequently bought out Mr. Harbour, and the firm in 1857 was Bressler and Wheelock. Bressler's share in the concern soon passed into the hands of Richard Wellslager, then post-master. From him Mr. Wheelock purchased entire control of the pa- per, who ran it until 1864, when the veteran troops were here on a fur- longh, and they, not appreciating the bitter criticisms of the editor upon the Union cause, etc., pitched the concern into the street, from which vio- lence it never recovered. We shall have occasion elsewhere to make fur- ther mention of this occurrence.
The next Democratic paper was the Watchman, edited by Rev. Ira C. Mitchell, owned by a stock company. Its race was soon run, having suffered from starvation for some weeks before its demise. In 1865 Samuel B. Evans
334
IIISTORY OF MAHASKA COUNTY.
so far exhumed the Watchman as to issue one number of the paper, when he abandoned the enterprise. Geo. W. Seevers and Russel Higgins, both men of prominence, made use of the materials of the old Watchman office to start a Democratic paper called the Reveille, early in 1865, but issued only one or two numbers. Thus in several instances men of some means and experience had attempted the re-establishment of a Democratic paper and failed. Hence, all the more credit to the next attempt, made by a young man from the plow and grain field-Mr. Porte C. Welch. Without capital, with little encouragement. in ill health, this persevering genius seemed to make a paper out of nothing, save his own talents and energy. The paper first established by Mr. Welch was the Democratic Conservator, Aug. 2, 1866. In 1869 this paper took active steps in advocacy of the organization of a new party, and the name was changed to that of the Pro- gressive Conservator. This paper continued with more or less success until June 29, 1871, when the last number was issued. During 1867, in this office, was published "Proud Mahaska," a monthly advertising sheet. During 1870 was issued the Battle Field, a liberal monthly paper, devoted to the discussion of all questions, and to which contributors were invited of all kinds. Mr. Welch also published a paper at Sigourney called the Iowa Phenix, commencing September, 1870, and continuing until June, 1871.
Almost immediately following the suspension of the Conservator, Mr. Welch started in the same office The Iowa Reform Leader, the first num- ber being issued July 13, 1871. This paper in its prospectus and on its title page set forth as its object "the organization of a new party in Iowa," and such was its avowed object so long as it was published. It was in 1872 identified with the Greeley movement, though stubbornly contending that that was not the kind of a reform movement that was calculated to succeed. In 1873 was identified with, but not in complete harmony, the anti- monopoly party. In February, 1874, a branch office of the Leader was established at Albia in Monroe county. April 2d, of this year, Mr. Welch sold the lead and cast iron of the Leader office to M. G. Carleton, retaining, however, to himself the name Reform Leader. During the same month he established the Malcom Magnet at Malcom, Poweshiek county, which he conducted for a short time, and in the fall of 1874 removed his office back to Oskaloosa, and December 3, 1874, resumed publication of the Reform Leader, which he continued until July 12, 1877, when it suspended. The paper in 1876 supported Cooper for the presidency.
M. G. Carleton, having purchased Welch's material, issued the first num- ber of the Oskaloosa Standard, April 9, 1874. Shortly afterward he sold a half interest to Dr. D. H. Hare, and in 1875 Carleton sold his interest to Nelson D. Porter. Soon after Dr. Hare sold his interest to L. H. Boydston. The style of the firm is now N. D. Porter & Co. Counting from the issue of the Conservator, the Standard is now publishing volume thirteen. The Standard is an independent Democratic paper, issued in large folio sheets, and is well conducted. The present circulation is one thousand copies.
Temperance Gem .- This was a paper issued monthly during 1867, first conducted by the I. O. G. T., and in the latter part of the year by F. M. Call and H. C. Leighton.
Under the caption of "the press" is properly recorded the work of the Central Book Concern. This extensive establishment had its rise from a a private publishing firm, formed in 1870, Messrs. Call & Bristol. These gentlemen published a weekly religious paper, and also some books. This
335
HISTORY OF MAHASKA COUNTY.
firm was succeeded in 1873, by a joint stock company, composed of some twenty-five or thirty gentlemen, mostly members of the denomination known as the Christian Church. These stockholders lived in various parts of Iowa, Illinois and Minnesota. While the Book Concern is not under con- trol of the church, nor is there any organic connection between the church and the publishing company, yet the Central Book Concern is generally regarded as the authorized literary depot and publishing house of the denom- ination in the West. Here are published the various newspapers and mag- azines of the church, the theologieal works of its divines, and the supplies of its Sabbath Schools.
The Concern was incorporated in 1873, and the present capital stock is $30,000. Printing is done by steam, and five presses are kept in almost con- stant use, affording employment to about twenty-five persons. The Concern have the only book press in this part of the state. Some idea of the busi- ness of the establishment may be had from the knowledge that these presses have spread ink over about $17,000 worth of paper during the past year, and the postage paid on mailed publications for the same time, was $1019.82. Quite a number of books have been issued by the Concern, including some models of neatness in typography and binding. An enumeration of these works would be tedious. It is sufficient to know that the stereotype plates in possession of the Concern were seenred at a cost for stereotyping alone of $8,500, and the illustrations of various publications at an expense of $2,000. During the summer of 1878, 15,000 copies of a single Sabbath School singing book, published by the Book Concern, have been sold. An- other work of a similar kind has had editions to the number of 25,000. The present officers are G. H. Laughlin, president, M. P. Collins, secretary, though the Concern is practically owned by F. M. Call, J. B. Johnson and G. T. Carpenter. The sale was made to these gentlemen of the Concern, about a year ago, though some of the old stockholders still retain their interest.
The publications of the Book Concern ineludes the following:
The Evangelist, a religious paper of the Christian denomination, first issued in Oskaloosa in 1865, as a monthly magazine, and edited by G. T. and W. J. Carpenter. A sale of the paper was afterward made to Allen Hickey, who removed it for a short time to Adel, then back to Oskaloosa, changed it to a semi-monthly folio, in 1869, and one year later it was sold to Call, Bristol & Co., with B. W. Johnson as editor, who published it as a weekly. Soon after it passed into the hands of the Book Concern. In 1875 it was consolidated with the Record, a paper published in Bedford, Indiana, the oldest in the church. The name given the consolidated sheet is Record and Evangelist, which is now published in a weekly quarto, 31x 44 inches, and has a circulation of 6000 copies. The editors are B. W. Johnson, G. T. Carpenter, and J. M. Mathes.
The Christian Monitor was purchased by the Central Book Concern in Angust, 1877, and is a ladies' monthly magazine, which had been published in Indianapolis, Ind., for fifteen years. It is an octavo of 48 pages and has a circulation of 2500 copies per month. It is edited by Mrs. M. M. B. Goodwin.
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