USA > Illinois > McHenry County > Biographical directory of the tax-payers and voters of McHenry County : containing also a map of the county, a condensed history of the state of Illinois, an historical sketch of the county, its towns and villages, an abstract of everyday laws of the state, a business directory, officers of societies, lodges and public officers, a department of general information for farmers, dairymen, etc., etc > Part 1
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M
LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
977.322 B52
ILLINOIS HISTORY SURVEY LIBRARY
-
LY RARY 3H: 19 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS.
Map of M. HENRY
BY C.WALKER & R.6.E.
R.S.E.
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R.8.E.
BIOGRAPHICAL DIRECTORY
OF THE
TAX-PAYERS AND VOTERS
OF
MCHENRY COUNTY ;
CONTAINING ALSO
A Map of the County; a Condensed History of the State of Illinois ; an Historical Sketch of the County, its Towns and Villages ; an Abstract of Every-day Laws of the State; a Busi- ness Directory; Officers of Societies, Lodges and Public Officers; a Department of General Information for Farmers, Dairymen, Etc., Etc. 1
CHICAGO : C. WALKER & CO. 1877.
977.324 B52
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1876, by C. WALKER & CO., in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
CULVER, PAGE, HOYNE & CO., PRINTERS, CHICAGO.
CONTENTS.
HISTORICAL.
PAGES 5-29
State of Illinois ..
General History of McHenry County.
77-89
History of Algonquin Township .... Village of Algonquin.
Alden Township ..
93
Burton Township.
95
Village of Harvard
96
Coral Township.
98
Dorr Township.
99
100-105
Dunham Township.
105
Grafton Township.
106
Greenwood Township.
107
Hebron Township .....
108
Hartland Township.
109
Marengo Township ..
110
McHenry Township ..
111-113
Nunda Township ..
113-114
Richmond Township. 115-116
Riley Township .... 117
Seneca Township. 117-119
ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS.
Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes. ... Interest
29
Descent
30
Wills and Estates of Deceased Persons 31
Taxation
32
Jurisdiction of Courts
32
County Courts
33
Limitation of Action
33
Rights of Married Women
33
Exemptions from Forced Sales
Deeds and Mortgages.
Estray
35
Game.
Welghts and Measures.
Fences
37-40
Roads.
40-43
Marks and Brands
43
Landlord and Tenant.
44
Of Subscriptions to Books
46
Forms of Notes, Orders, Receipts, etc ...
47
General Form of Agreement
With Clerk for Services.
Bills of Sale
Bonds
49 50
Lease of Farms and Buildings. 66 A House.
52
Landlord's Agreement.
53
Tenant's Agreement.
53
Notice to Quit ...
53
Tenant's Notice of Leaving.
54
Real Estate Mortgage ..
54
INFORMATION FOR FARMERS.
On Sheep and their History .. ..... Long-wooled Sheep ...
60
61
Short-wooled Sheep.
62
Wool Culture and Statistics
64-68
INFORMATION FOR FARMERS.
PAGES
Poultry 69
Small Fruit Culture.
70-74 Fertilizers and Compost. 74
92 MIIk 75-76
Dairy Matters
339-346
Miscellaneous Items ..
347-352
TOWNSHIP DIRECTORIES.
Algouquin. 131-144
Alden 146-154
Burton 155-156
157-167
Coral 171-182
184-200
Dunham
206-213
Grafton.
215-221
Greenwood
224-231
Hartland
233-241
Hebron ...
241-249
Marengo .. 251-270
McHenry 274-287
Nunda ..
291-302
Richmond
305-316
Riley
320-330
Seneca
332-338
BUSINESS DIRECTORIES.
Algonquin
144-145
Alden
154
Big Foot. 170
Chemung. 214
Crystal Lake .. 145
232
Harvard
168-170
Hebron
250
Huntley 222-223
Johnsburg 290
170
Marengo. 271-273
288-290
Nunda.
303-304
Richmond
317-318
Ridgefield
205
Union
183
Woodstock
201-205
MISCELLANEOUS.
Population of the United States 56
Population of 50 principal citles ... 56
Population of Illinois by countles .. 57-58
Population and area of principal countries 59
Statistics of Agriculture .. 119
Local Statistics.
120-122
Population of McHenry County by Townships ... 123
Nativity and Foreign Parentage
123
Selected Nativity. 123
55
Value of Forelgn Money.
55
County Officers ... 124
125
Boards of Trustees
125
Township Officers ..
126-127
Lodges and Associations.
128-130
68 Map of County Opp. Title.
Bees and Honey.
48 48 49
Chattel Mortgages
51
Green wood
34
34
36 36
Lawrence
McHenry
Postal Laws
Town Government
224049
90
Chemung Township.
95
City of Woodstock
29
Chemung.
Dorr
PREFACE.
THE useful design of a work like this will be evident to all who give it even a casual inspection ; but the labor of preparing and completing it, the difficulties surmounted in gathering and compiling the facts, can scarcely be estimated by any one not experienced in similar undertakings." Our intention has been not only to provide a convenient Directory, but als› to offer to our patrons a useful family book, which will be valuable not only to the present generation, but become more so to their descendants, in thus preserving, in a condensed form, the records of their families. In producing a fair and condensed History of McHenry County, it was our intention to call in person on the oldest settlers to obtain reliable information concerning the history, settlement and financial interests of each township. This plan was modified; circulars containing questions were distributed, in stead, to partics most capable of giving the facts. The parties receiving the circulars were then visited by our historian, A. W. Cumins, Esq., and in many instances definite answers gained. We are sorry to say that in some cases an indifference or unwillingness to impart information was encountered, which accounts for the less complete history of some townships than others.
We wish to thank other parties for their painstaking in collecting and forwarding items to the compiler. Among these are the Hon. Wm. A. McConnell, C. G. Cotting and R. R. Crosby, of Richmond; Sidney Disbrow and M. D. Hay, of Alden; Hon. George Gagc, of McHenry ; W. G. Billings, of Chemung ; James McMillan and Cameron Goff, of Nunda; W. M. Jackson, of Coral; Geo. T. Kasson, of Woodstock; Dr. Wm. A. Nason, of Algonquin, who kindly loaned us a history of that village, prepared by himself ; and John Brink, Esq., of Crystal Lake. . In Greenwood, G. H. Garrison, A. W. Murphy and James Watson. For the facts regarding Harvard we are indebted to Mr. E. Ayer. To make the Township Directories as accurate and complete as was possible, we called to our assistance the different Assessors; still, in a work of this extent, errors undoubtedly will occur, mostly in spelling of names. Even subscribers in giving their biographies have made mistakes in dates, too late discovered by them to be remedied. We have endeavored, leaving out the floating population, to give the name of each tax payer and voter. The information upon various subjects for farmers we have culled from the best sources. The Abstract of State Laws will be found valuable at all times. It would be impossible to make a work of this kind perfect. Neither could it be pub- lished without offense to some, whom it would have benefitcd. No claim to literary merit is made for this volume. It has necessarily been somewhat hurricd in execution. Many facts, however, not before published will be found within its pages.
We offer to our patrons this result of months of labor and outlay, in the hope that they will find it satisfactory.
HISTORY
OF THE
STATE OF ILLINOIS.
THE great and growing Common wealth of Illinois possesses an area of 55,410 square miles. It averages 150 miles in width and 400 in length, com- prising a latitude from Maine to North Carolina. Its variety of climate is manifold and attractive. A northern temperature derived from one of the largest fresh-water seas, which preserves from greatest extremes of heat and cold; washed on its entire western length by the tide of the Father of Waters; ameliorated on the eastern border by the spent airs of the Alleghanies, it is one of the most fertile and favored of all the United States of America. The health maps, drawn for the government, represent a remarkably superior record. A table land of 600 to 1,600 feet above the level of the sea, it is, at the present stages of civilization and cultivation, largely free from malarial diseases and consumption.
The Delaware Indians designated this vast tract as the abode of Superior Men-the Illini. Early Frenchi settlers rendered it Illinois. To the antiqua- rian of the future the double significance or construction of the word will con- vey more meaning, perhaps, than at present.
.
The appellation, Illini, was, doubtless, most appropriate to the primitive in- habitants of the Prairie State. Their prowess was long a successful foil to their fierce Iroquois foes on one side, and the relentless Sacs and Foxes on the other. This brave division of the aborigines was long a powerful confederacy occupying the most accessible and fertile region in the Upper Valley of the Mississippi. The beautiful country seems to have been the especial envy of their enemies, and the cause of prolonged struggles rather than petty feuds or the provocations of warfare. The territory was finally wrested from them and they were gradually diminished. The tradition of "Starved Rock," on the Mississippi, commemorates their last brave resistance, where the remnant of the tribes starved because they would not surrender.
.
B
6
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS.
The earliest European discoveries in Illinois date back over two hundred years. The middle of the seventeenth century brought French Canadian missionaries and fur traders into the Mississippi Valley. This was the cause, at a later period, of the establishment of the civil and religious power of France, from the foot of the Alleghanies to the Rocky Mountains, from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the Gulf of Mexico.
The dreamer and the conqueror of Florida, Hernando De Soto, had discov- ered the great river of the Western World, from Alabama's shore, three-fourths of a century previous to the founding of Quebec, in 1608, by the French. The Spanish adventurers, after burying their chief, De Soto, according to his direc- tions, in the Mississippi, left the wilderness, having made no settlement on their broken march from the coast of Florida to the river.
In the condition found by the followers of De Soto the vast tract that they traversed remained, without farther exploration or settlement, until the Mis- sissippi was again discovered, in 1673, by two agents of the French Canadian Government, named Joliet and Marquette. These explorers were not, however, the first white travelers in Illinois, although the greater renown attaches to their expedition. In 1671, a man was sent by Talon as an agent of the Cana- dian Government, to call a convention of Indians at Green Bay. This man's name was Nicholas Perrot, and he made headquarters at Chicago. It was considered politic and advisable to secure all possible co-operation from the Indians before making an undertaking that their hostility might render
totally disastrous. The pipe of peace and their friendship might afford assistance and success. Perrot called the Northwestern tribes into council and promised for the French Government its protection and advantages of commerce. . On arriving at Green Bay, he procured an escort of friendly Pottawattomies and a bark canoe and made his visit to Chicago. He was, doubtless, the first European who set foot on the soil of the future great State of the West.
The story of Marquette and Joliet is well known. The former was a native of France, born in 1637, a Jesuit, a man of zealous devotion to the extension of Roman Catholicism among the American Indians. He was a man of rigid faith. Arriving in Canada, in 1666, he established a post at Sault Ste Marie two years later.
He removed, the succeeding year, to La Pointe, in Lake Superior, where lie taught a branch of the Hurons in the holy faith, till 1670. Then he went South and founded the mission at St. Ignace, on the Straits of Mackinac. Here he studied the language under a native teacher, and was joined, in the spring of 1673, by Joliet. They then moved forward by way of Green Bay, the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers, and, subsequently, entered the Mississippi. They ex- płored it to the mouth of the Arkansas, and returned by way of the Illinois and Chicago Rivers to Lake Michigan.
7
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS.
Marquette, on his way up the Illinois, visited the village of the Kaskaskias, near the present Utica, in the county of La Salle. The next year, he returned and established the mission of the Immaculate Virgin Mary. This was the first mission founded in the Mississippi Valley and Illinois. He spent a winter in a hut on the Chicago River not far from its mouth. He died in Michigan on his way back to Green Bay, May 18, 1675.
Other Jesuit missionaries previous to Marquette courageously braved the perils of the unknown wilderness of the Northwest. In 1672, Fathers Claude . Allouez and Claude Dablon went from the mission at Green Bay through West- ern Wisconsin and Northern Illinois, among the Foxes, Mascoutins and Kick- apoos, partly the route afterward followed by Marquette.
FIRST FRENCH OCCUPATION.
The name of Robert Cavalier de la Salle is inseparably connected with the pioneer history of Illinois. Dr. J. W. Foster has styled him one of the grand- est characters that ever figured in American history ; a man capable of originat- ing the vastest schemes, and endowed with a will and a judgment capable of carrying them to successful results. He was born at Rouen, France, in 1643. He renounced a patrimony to enter a college of the Jesuits, separating from them after ward and coming to Canada in 1666. He had a brother among the priests of St. Sulpice, who were the proprietors of Montreal. The Superior of the convent granted to La Salle a large tract at La Chine, not far from Mont- real, where he engaged in the fur trade. He outran all his competitors in commerce with the Indians, whom he awed by his daring and exploits of travel. In 1669, he visited the great Iroquois Confederacy, at Onondaga, New York State, and thence with guides explored the Ohio River to the Falls of Louis- ville.
The occupation of territorial Illinois for the French was accomplished by La Salle in 1680, seven years after that of Marquette and Joliet. He con- structed a vessel named the Griffin, above Niagara Falls, and sailed to Green Bay. He passed from thence in canoes to the mouth of St. Joseph River, reached the Illinois, via the Kankakee, in January, 1680, and erected a fort at the lower end of Peoria Lake, where the city of Peoria now stands. He named this fort Crevecœur. The site of the ancient fort is still to be seen.
From this point, the bold 'La Salle determined to descend the Mississippi to its mouth. He did not accomplish the feat until two years later. Returning to Fort Frontenac, to get material for rigging his vessel, he left Crevecœur in charge of Tonti, his lieutenant, who was soon driven off by the Iroquois. These Indians devastated the settlement of the Illinois, leaving nothing but
8 .
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS.
ruin in their way. On their return, La Salle and his company beheld a sight like the following picture from Davidson's History of Illinois :
" At the great town of the Illinois they were appalled by the scene which opened to their view. No hunter appeared to break its death-like silence with a salutatory whoop of welcome. The plain was strewn with charred fragments of lodges, which had so recently swarmed with savage life and hilarity. Large numbers of skulls had been placed on the upper extremities of lodge poles, which had escaped the devouring flames. In the midst of these horrors was the rude fort of the spoilers. A near approach showed that the graves had . been robbed of their bodies, and swarms of buzzards were discovered glutting their loathsome stomachs on the reeking corruption. The growing corn of the village had been cut down and burned, while the pits containing the products of previous years had been rifled, and their contents scattered. The suspected blow of the Iroquois had fallen with relentless fury."
" Tonti had escaped. While passing down the lake in search of him and his men, La Salle discovered that the fort had been also destroyed. . His partly constructed vessel remained on the stocks, but slightly injured. Not finding Tonti after continued search, he fastened to a tree a painting that pictured him- self and party sitting in a canoe, bearing a pipe of peace. To the picture was attached a letter addressed to Tonti."
After fearful privations, Tonti had found shelter among the Pottowattomies at Green Bay. One of their friendly chiefs used to say there were "but three great captains in the world, himself, Tonti and La Salle."
The singular genius of La Salle may better be understood by the following considerations :
Traders and missionaries, previous to his time, had no recourse to the Northwest, save by the Ottawa River of Canada. The insatiate hostility of the Iroquois along the lower lakes and Niagara River had closed this route to the upper lakes. Their commerce was carried on mainly by canoes, paddled along the Ottawa to Lake Nipissing, thence carried across the Portage to French River, descending it to Lake Huron. This exclusive Northwestern route for commerce in that early period was the means of establishing Jesuit missions in the region of the upper 'lakes. La Salle pondered and brought out the idea of opening a route by the Niagara River and the lower lakes to Canadian com- merce with sail vessels, and connection with the Mississippi. It was a magnifi- cent theory, and must have inspired him during many hardships in unsurpassed difficulties and great achievements.
As a first step toward his object, he established himself on Lake Ontario, built and garrisoned Fort Frontenac, near the present city of Kingston, Canada. Here the French crown made him a grant of land, and provided a body of troops which enabled him to clear his passage to Niagara Falls, holding back the invading Iroquois. Successful in this, he deemed it safe to attempt another
9
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS.
great and heretofore untried undertaking, that of advancing to the Falls with an outfit for building a ship to navigate on the lakes. All credit to his daring project, though the purpose was defeated by a combination of unfavorable cir- cumstances. The Jesuits were enemies of La Salle, because he had abandoned them and affiliated with a rival order; therefore they plotted against his designs.
The trade of Lake Ontario, which otherwise would have flowed to Quebec, was under the control of La Salle, at La Chine, and turned into the new chan- · nels he projected ; this also excited the jealousy of the fur traders. While only bark canoes were paddled at snail's pace along the Ottawa, he was pre- paring to appropriate, in his own way, the trade currents and centers of the lakes and the Mississippi. The small traders were envious; treasonable revolt split the ranks of his own associates. All this ended in his assassination, pre- maturely cut off his great plans, and finished his achievements. He was shot by one of his men, on the 19th of March, 1687, near the mouth of Trinity River, in the valley of the Colorado. At the time of his murder, he was on his way to Illinois, having determined to travel the long distance on foot. Subsequent to this, he had explored a portion of New Mexico in search of silver mines, but met only disappointment. Returning to his colony of French emigrants, which he had conducted from their mother country to Illinois, he found them reduced to forty souls.
In 1682, after leaving Fort Crevecœur in charge of Tonti, he descended the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico. There he erected a standard, inscribed with the arms of France, and taking formal possession of the whole known valley, in the name of Louis XIV, the reigning sovereign, he named it LOUISIANA. He then proceeded to France, was appointed Governor of these possessions in the New World, and returned with his fleet and emigrants.
Dr. Foster, whose words we have before quoted, remarks: "Had ample facilities been placed by the King of France at the disposal of Robert Cavalier de la Salle, the result of the colonization of this continent might have been different from what we now behold."
EARLY PIONEER SETTLEMENTS.
The old Indian Kaskaskia village on the Illinois River, in the county of La Salle, was the scene of a temporary settlement in 1682. It was called Fort St. Louis. A mission was connected with it, and, in 1690, it was altogether removed to Kaskaskia, on the river of that name, which empties into the Mississippi in St. Clair County. The settlement of Cahokia was also begun in the same year, and ranks as the oldest one in the State.
It is supposed that the removal of the Kaskaskia mission was because the Chicago portage had been nearly abandoned, and in consideration of the dan-
10
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS.
gerous route by Lake Michigan. Travelers and traders were entering the Mississippi via the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers. Let it be remembered that all the country south of the great lakes was called Louisiana by the French and their colonists. A removal of the settlement at Fort St. Louis, near to the Mississippi, was advisable in order to be near the linc of travel from Canada to Louisiania.
As early as 1721, the Jesuits had established a monastery and college at Kaskaskia. Before it passed from French rule, it became a town of two or three thousand inhabitants. For years afterward, it did not exceed fifteen hundred, and finally lesscned, in 1773, under the British, to four hundred and fifty.
While France ruled Louisiana, the population of whites and blacks num- bered not over ten thousand. In the region now comprising Indiana, trading posts were built at the principal villages of the Miamis, on the head waters of the Maumee, on the Wabash and the Piankeshaw villages at Post Vincennes.
In all the territory of Louisiana, numerous settlements of more or less importance had been started. New Orleans was founded by Bienville in 1718, assisted or encouraged by the Mississippi Company. Antoine de Lamotte Cadillac founded Detroit in 1701. D'Iberville settled Biloxy, on Mobile Bay, in 1699. In 1730, the settlements throughout the area of the present Illinois comprised one hundred and forty French families, six hundred " converted . Indians," numcrous traders and temporary sojourners.
Fort Chartres was built by M. de Boisbrant, a military officer, in 1718. He acted under command of Bienville, and under direction of the Mississppi Company. It was situated on the east bank of the great river, eighteen miles below Kaskaskia, and was the headquarters of the district of Illinois. In 1765, the English flag first waved from this old fort, and Illinois became a possession of Great Britain. In 1779, after the declaration of independence, Col. George Robert Clark took it from the English, and Illinois became a part of Virginia. It was then known as Illinois County. All this territory was ceded to the General Government, to be divided'into States of Republican rights, sovereignity, freedom and independence.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE.
The first Executive of Illinois, Governor Shadrach Bond, in his first annual message, urgently suggested the construction of the Illinois and Michi- gan Canal. In 1821, the Legislature appropriated $10,000 for surveying the route. Two engineers marked out the track and estimated the cost at $600,000 or $700,000. It was eventually completed for the sum of $800,000. In 1825, the Canal Company was incorporated, but no stock sold. In 1826, Congress gave 800,000 acres of land on the line of the construction. In
11
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS.
1828, Commissioners were appointed, and, with a new survey and new estimates, the work was begun. In 1834-35, an able report on the whole matter was submitted by George Farquhar. This has been styled the ablest report ever made to a Western Legislature. It became a model for subsequent action. The work of the canal finally reached completion in 1848. Its immense cost proved a safe and profitable investment. The remark has been aptly made, " It was not built as a speculation, any more than a doctor is employed as a speculation." The treasury of the State has been annually enriched from its net returns to the sum of $111,000.
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