A history of Johnson County, Illinois, Part 43

Author: Chapman, Leorah May Copeland, Mrs. P. T. Chapman
Publication date: 1925
Publisher: [Herrin, Ill. : Press of the Herrin News]
Number of Pages: 516


USA > Illinois > Johnson County > A history of Johnson County, Illinois > Part 43


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Rhoda (2) married Leander H. Kelly, they had Linda (3) mar- ried Isaac Smith; Hiram (3), William (3) married Anna Gold; Thomas (3) married Jane Hickman; John (3) married May Parish; Evilyne (3) married Andrew Mathis; Mary (3) married John Mc- Cormack.


Elizabeth (2) married W. R. Kelly, children Columbus (3) mar- ried Caroline Vinson (4); Carroll (3) married Lona Whiteside; Travis (3) married Sid Burklow; Artemissa (3) married Samuel Smith, they had Frank (4) who died in young manhood, Bernice (4) married Paul Morris; Lawrence (4), Estella (3), Viola (3).


WEST


Governor Reynolds, in his history says of the West family that "they are English and came with Calvert, Lord Baltimore, to Mary- land 1632". He was referring to the Wests of Madison County, Ill. Hezekiah West, no doubt belonged to this same family. He stated he was born in Fredrick County, Md., in 1763 and was the only son of John West. When Hezekiah was seven or eight years old his father, with his family moved to Sandy River, Camden district, S. C. His father, John West, enlisted in the patriot army in 1777, in Captain Winn's company of mounted rangers, Colonel Thompson's regiment; served fourteen months and was killed in an engagement at St. Tibbs. Hezekiah enlisted in the same cause for freedom at the age of seven- teen. His record is found under "Revolutionary Soldiers". The fam- ily tradition is that Hezekiah West came to this county in 1809 or 10; his name appears on the county records in 1813. He was a man of


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education and served the county as a teacher and in other capacities. He was undoubtedly a pioneer of the right sort, influential, useful, re- ligious and of the highest moral character. He died in Johnson county July 29, 1845. A walking cane owned and used by him, can be seen in the Carnegie Library, Vienna, Ill., placed there by the Daniel Chapman Chapter D. A. R. The handle of the cane is made from the antlers of a deer killed by Hezekiah West. He married Priscilla Osborn, 1784. Their children were Sally (2), born 1785, John (2) born 1787, Temperance (2) born 1790, Mary (2) born 1792, never mar- ried, Lucy (2) born 1794, Asa (2) born 1797, Elizabeth (2) born 1799, Marcy (2) born 1801, Patsy (2) born 1804, Fannie (2) born 1806, Wililam M. (2) born 1809. Sally (2) married Rix Carter and they had William (3), Moulton (3), Asa (3), Eliza (3), Nancy (3), Marcy (3), William (3) married Mary Ann Deans, they had Madison (4) and Marshall (4). William (3) being an M. E. minister and belonging to a conference did not reside in this county, consequently little is known of his two sons Madison and Marshall. Madison (4), was a physician and practiced in central Illinois and Indiana. He had two daughters, one of whom is Helen. She is married and lives in Chi- cago. Marshall (4) was a minister, had one daughter, Marie, who married Benjamin F. McGee of this county. He had other children, names not known. Some members of this family reside in Los Angeles, Calif .; Moulton (3) married Martha Pruitt, children John M. (4), W. B. (4). John M. (4) married Martha Alice Cheek and their children were Ida (5), May (5), who married a Mar, Capoot and lived in Mound City, John (5); William B. (4) married Mary Morgan and had Glen (5) who married Blanch Reece; Dean (5), Fred (5), the sons and mother are dead; Asa (3) married Melissie Mulky and their children were Ortie (4), who married Artemissa Hardy, Frank (4) married Mary Ann Brown, and had Harvey (5), who married Cora Mackey and they have Glen (6); Calvin (4) married Rena Davidson and had May (5); Phillip (4) (no history); Eliza (3) mar- ried William T. Jones and their children were Hattie (4) and Etheldred (4), Hattie (4) married Henry S. Perkins (see Simpson). Etheldred (4) was a Baptist minister and lived in Cypress community where he preached for many years. He married first, Elizabeth Davis and they had Melvin (5), who married Laura Bridges, their daughter. Glenna (6), married Owen Stanley, and they have Owen (7); Ethel- dred (4) married second Ellen Henard and had Ethel (5), who mar ried Ralph Peeler, Lester (5) who married Mabel they


had John P. (6) and Josephine (6); Nancy (3) married Jehu Axley and their children were William (4), James (4) and Luke (4); Marcy Carter (3) married Leonard Morgan and their children were Mary Ann (4), Jane (4), Nancy (4), Chandler (4). Jane (4) married Fred


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Trusty, Nancy (4) married Hugh Sutliff; Marcy (3) married Mr. Mc. Kenzie. Temperance (2) married Richard Mercer and their children were Priscilla (3), Sarah (3), Thomas (3), W. Emerson (3), John Deans (3), Nancy (3), Catherine (3), Hezekiah W. (3), Martha (3), Elizabeth (3). Priscilla (3) married John Standard and their children were Melvina (4), who married Jesse L. Porter, and they had Jane (5), Alice (5), Elizabeth (5), John (5), William (5), Arle (5). Jane (5) married Gilford Pippins 1873, children Mrs. Adah Thompson (6), Mrs. Ella Ford (6), Mrs. Laura Crowder (6), Mrs. Ola Irwin (6), Mrs. Cora Hester (6). James (6), Jessie (6). Alice (5) married Clayton (see Cummins); Elizabeth (5) married Paul Comer, children Nora (6), Alma (6), Loyd (6), John (6), Dimple (6). Nora (6) mar- ried A. Rhodes, children Blanch (7) married Earl Burnet Edna (7) married J. Clem and has Robert (8); Nora married second (see Carter); Alma (6) married Geo. Fairless; Dimple (6) married Ed- ward Cheek. Elizabeth (4) married Eli Morgan; Temperance (4) married Milburn Smith; Jane (4) married William Mangum, chil- dren Elizabeth (5), Bell (5) married Mr. Pully of Stonefort and has Guy (7); Sabina (4) married James Jenkins. Sarah (3) married John Allen 1835 and had William Copeland (4), who married Francis (see Calhoun) and Melissa (4) who married John Martin and had one daughter who married Mr. Holehouser. Sarah (3) married second Alex Smith and had Mary J. (4) who married Tobias Hartman and their children were Ella (5) who married Samuel H. Reese and has Walter (6), Theodore (6), Guy (6), Blanch (6), Edith (6), Helen (6). Etta (5) married Dr. Edgar Knieppe and hesides in Mt. Carmel, Ill. They have Percy (6), Dorothy (6), Edith (6), Mary Belle (6); Ethel (5) married James Main of Karnack and their children are Allen (6), Mary Ellen (6), Charles (6); Thomas (3) married Minerva Allen (sis- ter to John) no knowledge of family; W. Emerson (3) married-


Axley and their children were T. A. (4) a Methodist minister said to be living in Colorado. No history of others. John Deans (3) mar- ried Nancy Thompson and had one son said to be living at Little River Missouri; Nancy (3) married Elijah Axley and had children L- (4), Perry (4) and French (4); Catherine (3) married Isaac Axley brother to Elijah and son of Robert, their children were Laura (4), who married Robert Martin and Leonora (4) who mar- ried Mr. Sayers and has Swank (5); Martha (3) married Jesse Hodge and they had three daughters one of whom lives at Salem, Ill .; Elizabeth (3) married Owen Peterson, son of Thomas, and had Mary Ann (4), Martha (4), Clementine (4) and Mrs. Thompson (4). Mary Ann (4) married R. W. Brown and their children are Ellen (5), George (5), Owen (5), Austin (5). Ellen (5) married Green (see Thacker), George (5) married Kate (see McFatridge) and Owen


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P. (5) married first a Miss Reed (see R. W. Brown). Martha (4) married George Boomer, they had Nathanial (6) who married Lubeth Calhoun, Nola (5) married Scott Lenark, Helen (5) married a Mr. Goforth, the two later families live in Colorado. Simeon (5) is a member of the faculty of the Southern Illinois Normal and re- sides at Carbondale. He married May Kaiser and has George (6) and ; Clementine (4) married F. B. (see Thacker), Mrs Thompson (4) had Joshua (5) who married a Miss Pippins, and Mary Ann (5). They reside in Mo .; Hezekiah W. (3) married Nancy Ellis, one son lives in Guthrie, Okla .; Lucy (2) married John Robert- son; Asa (2) married Fannie Osborn; Elizabeth West (2) married John Axley and their children were Temperance (3), Jehu (3) and Bud (3). Temperance (3), born 1817 married Naman Martin, 1835, who was born 1817. Their children were Elizabeth (4), born 1836, Francis (4), born 1838, William (4), born 1839, Alexander (4), born 1841, Robert A. (4), born 1843, Henry S. (4), born 1845, Owen P. (4), born 1846, John L. (4), born 1848, Sarah A. (4), born 1850, Martha Jane (4), born 1852, Nancy E. (4), born 1854, George W. (4), born 1856, Andrew J. (4), born 1857, Jehu (4), born 1858, Samuel B. (4), born 1859, Stephen A. (4), born 1862. Francis (4) married Moses Jones 1854 and had William (5), Margaret (5) who married Mr. Beggs; William (4) married Amanda Hudson 1860; Alexander (4) married Martha (West) Smith, 1864, and had Robert (5), and Alice (5), who married John Moak. They had George (6) who mar- ried Ruby Axley and reside in Cypress.


Robert A. (4) married Laura Axley 1872; Dr. O. P. (4) married Ellen Axley 1871, they had Addie (5); he married second Orpha Shirk, died 1923; Sarah Anne (4) married first Thomas Peterson and second Joseph Edleman and they had one son Dr. Owen Edleman (5); An- drew J. (4) married Melisse (Mulky) Carter; John L. (4) married Sula Pruett and had Albert (5), Douglas (5), Guy (5), Duty (5), Tempy (5), Grace (5), Maggie (5); Jehu (4) married Anna Harvel, children Maud (5), married Oscar Brock and they have Ruby (6), Dorothy (6), Ruth (6), Dolly (6); Ruth (5) married Claude Cochran and they have Geneva (6), Marshall (6), Guy (6); Bertie (5) mar- ried William Williams; Stephen A. D. (4) married Bertha Lyons and they had Victor (5) who resides in Washington, D. C .; Bernice (5) who married Ray Roller and lives in Karnack, Ill .; Martha Jane (4) married Elbert Norval and had Owen (5); George W. (4) married Jennie Tarwater and had Austin (6) and Owen (5).


Marcy (2) married Thomas Standard; and Patsy (2) married Edward Osborn and they had Arminda (3) and Evelyn (3); Evelyn (3) married a Mr. Chapman, Arminda (3) married A. J. Martin and they had John (4) who married Crynthia Deans and they had Rena


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(5) James (5), Seth (5), Clinton (5), Orpha (5). James (5) married Laura Hurley and they have John (6) and Nell (6). Seth (5) mar- ried Sarah Groner and has Elwood (6), Norwanda (6); Francis (2) married Robert Axley and they had James (3), Jackson (3), Urialı (3), Terry (3), Mary (3), Spencer (3). James (3) married a Miss Mitchel and had Avy Ann (4), who married a Mr. Amburn; Jack. son (3) married first N. O. Gray's daughter and they had Isaac (4) ; he married second Crynthia Copeland, they had Ellen (4) (see Mar- tin); Loren (4) and James (4), married Ella Rutledge, niece to Ann. they had Myrtle (5), William (5). He married second Maranda An- derson, children Earl (5), Seth (5), Raymond (5), Rollo (5). James was a teacher in the Oregon for many years. He died about 1920. His family are all in the West. Uriah (3) married Sarah Sutliff and had Asa (4) and Betty (4); Terry (3) married Sarah Peeler and the children were Amanda (4) who married Charles Collins; Mary (Pol. ly) (3) married W. D. Deans, born 1826. He served in the 120th Illinois Volunteer Infantry also held different positions of trust in the county and was an influential and useful citizen of the West Eden neighborhood. He removed to Alma, Kansas, 1880. He was a Mason and a member of the M. E. Church. Their children were John (4), who married Mary Buford and they had four children, all of whom reside in Kansas; Simon K. (4) married Mary Stricker, 1877 and their children are Elmer (5), Arthur (5), Lewis (5), Estella (5), Howard (5). Arthur Deans has been manager of the Charles Stone Quarry at Whitehill, this county, since its establishment. He married May Adams and has Pauline (6), Morris (6), Mary Ann (6), Robert (6); Elmer (5) married Roxy Davis and they have Ward (6), Edris (6), James (6); Estella (5) married James Cane; Crynthia (4) married John Martin (see Patsy West (2); Rena (4) married Jos- eph Newton and they have Ida (5) who married John Sharp, and their children are Samuel (6), who married Lela Darst, Robert (6) and Harry (6); Spencer (3) married Nancy Jones and they had William (4) who married Elizabeth Watson and their children are William (5), and Ruby (5), who married George (see Martin); Sarah (4) married Moulton Vaughn.


William (2) married first Lydia Peterson and they had Joshua (3), Asa (3), Matha (3), A. J. (3) and George (3); Joshua (3) mar- ried Evelyn Smith and they had William (4) and James (4); Joshua (3) married second Elizabeth Kuykendall, their children were Joseph (4), Cina (4), Lydia (4) and Cora (4). William (4) mar- ried Sadie Shirk and their children are Everett (5), Clifford (5), Lois (5), Reba (5), William (5). Everett (5) married Myrtle Hodge; Clifford (5) married Myrtle Greer and has Doris (6), George (6) Harold (6); Lois (5) married Richard Duncan and has Kivel (6).


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Pauline (6), Virginia (6); Reba (5) married Joseph Smith; Joseph (4) married Verna Meyers; Cina (4) married Dr. Hall Whiteaker; Cora (4) married first James Phoenix and they had Zeno (5), she married second Edward Hooker; Lydia (4) married Harold Spauld- ing and has Louise (6); Martha (3) married first George Smith and second Alexander (see Martin). A. J. (3) and George (3) died in young manhood. Asa (3) was an M. E. minister.


WHITEAKER


Captain Mark Whiteaker was born in Williamson County in 1833 near New Burnside. His grandfather, Mark Whiteaker, came to southern Illinois as early as 1818 or 1820. His father, Hall, came here from Tennessee where he had married Elvira Damron. John Damron, the father of Elvira, was a revolutionary soldier serving from Virginia. John Damron married Anna of Wales, British Iles. Their children were Agnes, who married; Stephen Gill, his father Benjamine Gill, was also a Revolutionary soldier. Elvira married Hall Whiteaker; Melissa married William Choate; Noah married Mary Ann Thornton; David married Belle Casey. These families all lived in Johnson county except David. Tradition says the Damron family came originally from Virginia. Captain Whiteaker remembers stories of Virginia told him by his maternal Grandmother. Hall Whiteaker born in 1811 and Elvira born about 1816 settled in Wil- liamson county, but later came to Johnson, settling on the stage road leading from Cape Girardeau to Shawneetown, near what is now New Burnside where most of their children were born and raised. Mark (2) born 1833, Anna (2) born 1835, Ginsey (2) born 1836, William H. (2) born 1839, Polly (2) born 1841, John (2) born 1843. Mark Whiteaker assisted in organizing Company G. 120 Illinois Volunteers, and was made its captain 1862, and his brothers W. H. and J. A. served in his company. After the close of the war he fol- lowed farming many years in Burnside township, in the meantime serving as associate judge of the county and was later elected sheriff. Captain Whiteaker (1924) is now in his ninety-first year and has re- sided in Vienna since retiring from his farm. He has a remarkable memory for his age and enjoys the esteem of all who know him. He is a stanch Republican, a Mason and a member of the Grand Army Vienna Post. He and wife are members of the M. E. Church, as was his mother, and he attends services regularly even at his age. He married Elizabeth Deaton. The children are Arista (3) born 1862, married Isaac McElroy; their children are William (4), Mark (4), Josephine (4), Miles (4) and Isaac (4); Martha (3) born 1865, married Oscar Burris, they reside in Vienna and have Melvin (4), Albert (4), Geneva (4) and Martha June (4); Geneva (3) born 1867,


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married Dr. A. I. Brown, their children are Essie (4), Charles (4), who married Gertrude Teeter, of Murphysboro, where they reside; Hall (3) born 1869, married Cina West; second, Grace Barette, chil dren Helen (4) and Juanita (4). He is a physician of Santa Cruz, Calif. William (3) born in 1871, married Alice Mathis. He is a phy- sician of Harrisburg, Ill., and they have one son; Thomas (3) born 1873, married Emma Hight, he was accidently killed in early man- hood and left one daughter Uba (4); Elizabeth (3) born 1877, married John (see Mathis); Gertrude (3) born 1879, married Amos Compton, they live at Marion, Ill. Captain Whiteaker and wife celebrated their golden wedding anniversary 1910. Mark 85, W. M. 79. Their sister, Mrs. Anna Newbold, 83, spent the day with their brother, J. A. Whiteaker, on his 75th birthday 1813, at his home near Ozark. These four "young people" were left to have the day entirely to themselves which they did preparing their own dinner and no doubt recalling many childhood incidents.


WILEY


The Wiley family came here before the civil war and settled on a farm southwest of Vienna. The head of the family was John and they came from Ohio. Their children were H. B. (2), who was a substan- tial farmer living west of Vienna and above the average in education. He took an active part in the political questions of the day and was for ten years or more the first man to pay his taxes in the county. He married Catherine, daughter of William Whitemore, who was a prominent man in the county, about Civil War times. Several other members of the Whitemore family resided here at that time, but none are living here at the present. The children of H. B. (2) and Cather- ine were H. C. (3), who married Zora Gurley; W. L. (3), married Louisa Turley, they had William (4) and Floyd (4); May (3) mar. ried Thomas Hester, their children are Mildred (4) and Marion (4). Frank (3) married Viney Sullins, and they have Myrtle (4), who married Mr. Barter; Samuel (3) married Ruth Carlton (see Slack). Rachel (2) married Thomas Utley, their children were William (3) who married Dora Watson; Elizabeth (3) married T. N. Fore- man. Benjamin (3) was an M. E. minister and married a Miss Bean of the West Eden settlement. W. R. Wiley (2) married Libbie E. (see Chapman) and is a merchant of Auburn, Washington. Sarah (2) married John Sutliff, and they reared a family on a farm, three miles southwest of Vienna. Their children were Hannah (3), mar- ried Fredinan (see Mathis) ; Elizabeth (3) married a Mr. Borthick, and has Inez (4). Martha (3) married W. P. Emerson, they reside near Bloomfield; Abe (3) married Bertha Mathis, and they are also residents of this county; Rachel (3) married Bailey Gann; Fannie (3) married T. C. Newby; Lily (3) married George Harvick; John


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(3) resides on the home farm; Lucy (3) married Grover Ridenhower and died soon afterward.


WILLIAMS


W. L. Williams was born in Tennessee in 1848. He was a son of Levi and Nellie (Howard) Williams, who were both natives of South Carolina. The father came to this state in 1863, residing first in Pope County, later moving to Johnson. W. L. Williams began his business career at Lincoln Green in the southwest section of the county, in 1870 as a merchant. His first business building was made of logs. He kept a general store and was the postmaster at that place until 1876 when he moved his home and business to Belknap where he has been very successful. He conducts a mercantile busi- ness and has been in business longer than any man in the county, 52 years; owns a well equipped flour mill as well as farming inter- ests in the neighboring section. He was postmaster at Belknap for several years, also served the county as commissioner. Mr. Williams has been one of the most enterprising and progressive citizens of that community and has been vice-president of the First National Bank of Vienna for years. He is a Mason, an Odd Fellow, a Republican and a Methodist. He married first Clara B. Compton, had children. H. O., Myrtle, and Ida. H. O. was educated in the public schools of the county and Lebanon, Ill. He graduated from Barnes Medical College of St. Louis, Mo., in 1896 and practiced medi- cine in Belknap and vicinity for several years, when he removed to Centralia, Ill. After a special course in a college for the treatment of the ear and eye, in Chicago, Ill., he entered the Haley Infirmary at Centralia, with Dr. Laybourn. Dr. H. O. married Madge, daughter of D. F. Beauman, of this county and has one daughter, Clara; Myrtle married Theodore Cousins, they have Billy, and reside at Du Quoin, Ill .; W. L. Williams married second Alice Compton, children Bertha, Edith, Flossie and Duncan. Bertha married David Main of the firm of Main Brothers, Karnack, Ill. They reside in Colorado Springs, Colorado, and have William. Edith married B. Baldridge of Centralia, Ill. He died several years ago leaving children, Ross, Beba and Bertholdt. They also reside in Centralia. Flossie Married Dr. Ray Cummins, who is a dentist of Murphysboro. They have one daughter, Alice. Ida and Duncan died in youth.


WHITESIDE


James Whiteside was a native of Virginia and came to Illinois Territory about 1800, and is supposed to belong to the same family as the famous Col. William Whiteside. John was the son of James. David, who was born in Pope County, 1820, was the son of John and the father of John G., who was a native of this county, born 1846


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and married Upha Shearer. Their children were Mary (2), Elizabeth (2), married Henry Rose, Matilda (2) married Armstrong Grissom, James (2) married a Miss Harvick, David (2) married Ellen Harper, John S. (2) married Peninna Harrell, William (2) married Sidney Waters, Polly (2) married Joseph Harper, India (2) married Lewis Lavander, Catherine (2) never married, Margaret (2) married Dr. McGinnis, Adaline (2) never married, Jane (2) married James Jack- son; John S. (2) born 1848 and Peninna had Joseph (3), J. J. (3), (Whig), John (3), Elizabeth (3), Fanny (3), India (3), Kate (3), Grant (3), Sherman (3), Sidney (3). Joseph (3) married Julia Cot- ton, 1866, they had Elizabeth (4), Cora (4), William (4); Elizabeth (4) married George McCuan and had Coy (5) and Harry (5); J. J. Whiteside (3) married Missouri Fern and they had John (4), Lona (4), Ella (4), James A. (4), Herman (4). John (4) married Nora Sullins and had John J. (5) and Peninna (5); Lona (4) married Caroll Kelly and had Frank (5), Ella (4) married Frank Mashina and they have Freddie (5); James A. (4) married Nora Verhines; Clyde (5) and Cleo (5); Herman (4) married; John (3) married Lucinda Jane Holt (see Chapman); Elizabeth (3) married Lowrey Fort and had Ann (5), William (5), Winnie (5), Cardis (5), Ger- trude (5) and Reverdia (5); Fannie (3) married Albert Riden- hower and Orpha (4) who married Samuel Baker and Grover (4) married Isma Fort; India (3) married George Ragains; Kate (3) married Frank Ragains and had John (4) and Peninna (4) married Frienza Jones and their children are Beatrice (5) who mar- ried Looney Robertson and Gladys (5); Grant (3) married Mary (see Chapman). Sherman (3) married Mary Simpson and their children are John (4), who married Lula Taylor and has John (5), Mary (5) and Sherman (5); Frank (4) married Belva Hayden, children Joseph (5) and Len. (5); Stella (4) married Mr. Robertson and has Walter (5); Fred (4) and Ethel (4); Sidney (3) married Charles Hogue.


WHITNEL


Josiah Whitnel was born in Caldwell Co., Ky., 1824. His grand- father was Josiah, an Irish weaver who raised three sons and three daughters of whom John was the eldest. John Whitnel married Mary Reynolds, daughter of Charles and Mary (McAnally) Ladd of Scotland, (recorded in a bible printed in Edinburgh in 1756), they had five sons who were physicians. Josiah, received a good educa- tion in the select schools of his neighborhood and graduated from the Medical College at Louisville, Ky. He was the first of his family to come to Illinois, and he came alone on horseback and located at Reynoldsburg, this county for the practice of his profession in 1852. He was a prominent character as citizen and physician, was appoint-


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ed surgeon of the 120th Ill. Inf., but resigned before going into ser- vice. He lived on a farm and practiced medicine throughout his life. Only the early settler appreciates the vicissitudes and helpful- ness of the country doctor. He was a Royal Arch Mayson and a Democrat. He married Susan E. Miller, neighbor in Kentucky. They had John L. (2), Mary R. (2), Elizabeth (2) and D. T. (2); John L. (2) was a graduate of the Louisville Medical College and practiced with his father many years, was a fine surgeon as well as physicion, and was the third generation and the seventh member of the family following the medical profession. Mary R. (2) married N. J. Mozley (see Worley), D. T. (2) not married, makes his home with Mrs Mozley; Elizabeth (2) is the wife of C. M. Sullins a merchant of Marshall, Ill. Dr. Josiah Whitnel's descendants have a cane that was cut from the stalk of a palm tree Jan. 9, 1815, at New Orleans, the day after the battle. Dr. Whitnel's father (John) was a soldier under General Jackson during this engagement. The family bible published in 1756 is in the possession of D. T. Whitnel.




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