USA > Illinois > Atlas of the State of Illinois, to which are added various general maps, history, statistics and illustrations > Part 20
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BROWN COUNTY.
BROWN COUNTY is at the foot of the northwestern quarter of the State, and comprises 298 square miles. The pioneer settlements were made in the eastern portion, along the Illinois River, the first being those of the Vandeventers and Ham- hanghs. In the central part, John and David Six and William MeDaniel took up claims. Jeremiah Walker and Isaac Lee were the first settlers in the western portion. Other pioneers were Willis O'Neil, of Ripley; Col. Harry Lester, John Aus- mus and sons, Robert H. Curry, who still lives, and who kept tho first store in the fall of 1832; Mark Riggins, who erceted the earliest blacksmith shop, near Mount Sterling.
By 1830, the Indians had nearly all disappeared. Many of the settlers participated in the Black Hawk war.
Brown County was erected from Sehuyler in May, 1839, the Commissioners heing Thomas S. Brockman, Joseph Rob- inson and Joseph Stone. Jacob Vandeventer was Clerk, and Clark Dennis, Treasurer and Assessor. The earliest Cireuit Court was held in the Presbyterian Church, at Mount Sterling, in 1840, Peter Lott presiding. James Burt was Clerk, and Elisha Davis Sheriff. Granville Bond, among the earliest elergymeu in the county, was at last advices living at Mound Station.
Brown County is largely rolling prairie in the eastern por- tion, the best lands lying in the westorn, and farming is the chief occupation. The potteries on the Illinois River are the only manufactures of note. Timher is ahundant. The Toledo, Wabash & Western Railway pierces the county through the eenter. The population of the county was, in 1870, 12,205. Mount Sterling has a fine publie school, numerons churches, and about 1.500 inhabitants. Versailles was formerly noted for its mineral springs. Mound Station and Ripley are pros- perous villages.
BUREAU COUNTY.
BUREAU COUNTY lies near the center of the northern half of the State, and contains 868 square miles of land. Thomas C. and Stephen Rector mado tho last surveys in 1822. The pioneer of the county was Henry Thomas, who, in May, 1828, huilt a eahin in Burcau Township. A few weeks thercafter, Edward, Justus and John L. Ament settled in Walnut Town- ship. Reason B. Hall was next to arrive, locating in Hall Township, hut subsequently abandoning his elaim. In the succeeding year, Amos Leonard, Daniel Dimmiek, John Hall und William Hoskins huilt cabins. Timothy Perkins and Leonard Roth settled in Leepertown, - Bulhona at Bul- hona's Grove, and John Dixon at Boyd's Grove. In the
spring of 1830, Ezekiel Thomas and Abraham Stratton located in Bureau Township, Charles Boyd at Boyd's Grove, Joseph Smith in Ohio, und Elijah Epperson in Princeton; Sylvester Broghamu, James Forristall, John L. and Justus Ament in Dover. In the fall, William Hall located on the site of La Moille, but eighteen months afterward removed to La Salle County, where he and his family were murdered by Iudi- ans. Michael Kitterinan settled near Tiskilwa, in 1831, and Antiss and John Williams on Princeton Prairio, followed by tho Hampshire Colony. In the summer of 1831, the settlers on the Bureau fled on account of Indian troubles, and in the following spring all the settlers left, some never returning. In' 1833, a fort was constructed for defense against tho Indians. In 1836, commeneed a great inumigration.
The county was set off from Putnam in 1837, with Prinee- ton as the county scat. Elijah Smith was Postmaster at a settlement called Greenfield. fn 1839, the original survey of the Illinois Central Railway was made through the county, hut abandoned after some grading had heen done. The first rail- way constructed through the county was the Chicago & Roek Island, completed in 1853, to which five others have heen added, making a total of 122 miles. Coal was discovered in 1834. The mines of Mineral and Selby are the most exten. sively worked. The puhlio lands came into market from 1835 to 1844. As late as 1836 there was no settlement on tho prairies. Princeton was laid off in 1832, and now contains about 4,000 inhabitanta. Tiskilwa is the site of an Indian villago, and had a population, in 1870, of 761. Sheffield has a large coal trado, and La Moillo and Buda aro important towns. Bureau County has now ahout 35,000 inhabitants.
CALHOUN COUNTY.
CALHOUN COUNTY is situated between the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers. Its physical features are very singular, as esch of these rivers is followed hy a line of limestono bluffs, sometimes as high as 200 feet, which make the surface of the county very broken and rugged, especially in the north part, and this is still increased by a line of elevations which runs nearly through the entire length of the county, and is the di- viding ridge for the above uamed streams. The agricultural land follows the mostly narrow side valleys and the top of the ridge, but in the southern part, where tho hills hecome more rolling, it spreads nearly elear over from river to river. The bottomu lands, although not so extensive, are exceedingly rich and fertile, hut partly subject to inundation. Common building stone is frequent. Old traditions say tho Indians got silver from Silver Creek ; but what is moro valuable is the coal, which is frequently found in the south part of the county, and the min- ing of which was hegun this spring in good earnest hy Messrs. Groesbeek & King at Fruitland. The county onee carried splendid timber, but most of that was long ago eut out and sold as lumher or cordwood. Cottonwood, syeamore, box elder, black walnut, elms and willows, whito oak, black oak, hickory, sugar maple and so forth.
Calhoun County had in 1870 a population of 6,559; in 1876, about 7,600. The nativo element is largest, 5,347 (1870)ยท of strangers, the Germans aro most numerous, 875 in 1870.
The county seat is Hardin, on the Illinois River, with about 150 inhabitants. It was founded in 1847, and is a pretty good business place, especially in court times. Graded school, church, 5 stores, and general trades. Steamboat landing.
Farrowtown .- About 100 inhabitants. Lutheran church and school ; M. A. Kamp's grist and saw-mill ; several stores, and ferry to Columbiana in Green County.
Belleview .- 50 inhabitants. Has the largest mill in the county ; 2 stores. The puhlie sehool not quite half a mile east of the plaeo.
Hamburg-On the Mississippi River, a steamhoat landiug; good shipping point ; 100 inhabitants; 1 public school; 1 church ; stores and general trades. Hogs, cattle and grain are shipped to some extent.
Gilead .- 50 inhabitants. An old Indian trading post, then called Cole's Grove; the former county seat of Pike, and then of Calhoun County in 1825 till 1847; has a publio school, post office, and general trades.
Batcheldersville .- 40 inhabitants. Publio school; M. E. Church ; grist mill ; store, and general trades.
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Brussels .- 120 inhabitants. Publie school; Catholic Church and school ; Evangelical Lutheran Church ; 5 stores, and gen- eral trades. A lively business place in tho hest part of the county.
Deerplain-Was only laid out in the spring of 1876 around Mr. John Ruckstuhls' store:
Calhoun County was established in 1825. The population up to about 1840 was very roaming and floating, mostly at- tracted hy the timher only, and its facilities for shipments. Tho county formed part of tho Military Land District for soldiers of the war of 1812. Of the oldest settlers may be named C. W. Twitchell, who came to Gilead in 1822; the County Judge, D. D. Smith ; James Dewey, N. Hanson, R. Dillon, the Dejarnets, B. T. Child, and the Mortlands. Since 1845 tho county hans steadily improved.
CARROLL COUNTY.
CARROLL COUNTY was forinerly a part of Jo Daviess, and was organized in 1839. Savanna was the first settled part of Carroll County. Cherry Grove and Arnold's Grove were also settled at a very carly day. Aaron Price and Geo. Davidson were the first at Savanna. A man natued Swaggart was among the first at Arnold's Grove, and Garner Moffett, Thos. Crain and Geo. W. Harris at Cherry Grove. Luther Bowen, John B. Rhodes, James W. White, Leonard Goss and John Miller were also among the first to settlo in the county. Mt. Carroll was settled about the year 1841, David Emmert and N. Hal. deman being the first settlers here. The first County Commis- sioners' Court was held April 13, 1839, at Savanna; the County Commissioners being L. H. Borden, Garner Moffett and S. M. Jurney. They appointed Wm. B. Goss as Clerk of Court, and laid out the county into road districts and election preeinets. Savanna was first chosen as the county seat, and the first Circuit Court in the county was held there on the first Monday in May, 1840, Hou. Dan. Stone heing Judge and Leonard Goss Clerk. Atthis time Hezekiah Franeis was Sheriff. Royal Hooper was first Recorder. The county seat was changed from Savanna to Mt. Carroll, its present location, in the year 1843, Savanna not being eentral enough to suit the wants .of the county. Carroll County settled up quite rapidly after the first settlement, and was sufficiently well settled to he or- ganized into townships in 1850. The first Board of Supervi- sors met at Mt. Carroll, April 8, 1850, Jared Bartholomew, Henry F. Lowman and Daniel P. Holt heing the Supervisors present at the first meeting. Sinee that time the county has been steadily increasing in wealth and population.
Carroll County is rolling in most parts, and quite hilly to- ward the Mississippi River. The best farming lands are situ- ated in tho south aud east parts of the county ; the county in these parts heing as good for general farming purposes as any in the State. The hills and hluffs give the county quite a pic- turesque appearance, and make it much pleasanter than flat prairio to lovers of the beautiful. It is well timhered in most parts, and in some quite heavily, especially along the Missis- sippi. The people are enterprising in their appearance and hahits, and fine schools are found in all the towns, which give to the county educational advantages not excelled in the State. Mt. Carroll, the county scat of Carroll County, is one of the pleasantest inland towns in this part of the State. The town was laid out in the year 1842, and has at present a population of about 2,000. The surrounding country is quite rolling and hilly, giving rather a pieturesquo appearance to the town, and making many pleasant drives ahout. One of the most inter- esting ohjeets in tho town is the Ladies' Seminary. This was organized as a general seminary in 1853, but was changed to a ladies' seminary in 1866. The condition of this institution at present is flourishing ; the attendance heing about 1,200. Sa- vanna is the oldest town in the county, and is very pleasantly located on the Mississippi River & Western Union Railroad, in the extreme western part of the county. It is noted as the former county seat and as tho principal river town in the county. Lauark is the liveliest town in the county, and has a population of about 1,200; the town has growu entirely since the war. Shannon is a towu of 800 population, a few miles northeast of Lanark, and is a new, growing town with good sur- rounding country. Thompson and Milledgevillo are towns in the southern part of the county.
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CASS COUNTY.
CASS COUNTY lies a little westward of the center of the State, in the midst of tho great coul measures, and is one of the smallest counties, having an area of but 360 square miles. Frenel traders made settlements at an early date. Maj. Elijah Iles reports finding an unoeeupied hut on the site of Beards- town in 1819, which is believed to have been ereeted a quarter of a century previous. Doubtless the first permanent settlers were Martin L. Lindsley, Timothy Harris and John Cetrongh, who located at what is now Beardstown in April, 1820. Julia A. Lindsley, daughter of the former, was the first white child born in the county. Hon. Archibald Job mado a pioneer home in Sylvan Grove in 1821, whero he lived for fifty-three years. Eli Cox came into tho county in 1818, and located at Cox's Grovo in 1820. Thomas Beard, a native of Ohio, settled at Beardstown in 1819. Other pioneers were Charles Robertson, Jaeoh Tople, Mr. Downing, Joseph McDonald, James Davis, Roland Shepherd, Solomon Penny, Jacob Bergen and Henry Hopkins. The earliest horse mill dates back to 1821, aud was on Indian Creek. Peter Cartwright was one of the first preaoh- ers. M. L. Lindsley had a school on the bluffs as early as 1827. Jacob Toplo set out tho first orehard, and before the " deep snow " cotton was profitahly cultivated. Mr. Downing sold the site of Beardstown for twenty-five dollars. Tho steam- ers Phoenix and Mechanic ascended the Illinois River in 1827. Under a walnut tree in the township of Beardstown, Stephen A. Douglas made his first politieal speech. During the Black Hawk war, Beardstown was the rendezvous for the troops of the Stato and a depot of supplies, as also on tho breaking out of the Mormon diffienlty. An early settler, near what is now Ashland, was a negro with a white wife. Having seen service in the Revolutionary war, he was allowed to vote. Dr. Chandler hudt the first frame house in the Sangamon bottom. On Prai- rie Creek is an old Indian burial ground. Cass Couuty was set off from Morgan in 1837, another slice of territory being added in 1843. Beardstown was the first county seat, but Virginia held that honor for six years ; tho capital returning to the former place in 1844. Beardstown was incorporated in 1837, when it contained about seven hundred inhabitants. Virginia was laid out in 1836, and incorporated in 1872. Chandlerville and Arenzville are thriving villages. The census of 1870 shows the population of the county to be 18,257.
CHAMPAIGN COUNTY.
CHAMPAIGN COUNTY les iu the center of the eastern half of the State; was organized in 1838, with an area of 931 square miles, and had, in 1870, a population of 32,737. The soil is very rich, and the surface generally flat. The chief streams are the Sangamon and Kaskaskia Rivers. The Toledo, Wabash & Western and the Indianapolis, Blooming- ton & Western Railways cross east and west, while the Illinois Central penetmtes the entire length of the county southwardly. Urbana, the county seat, has a population of 3,000, and is the seat of the Illinois Agricultural College. Its sister oity, Cham- paign, has 5,000. Tolono is a corn shipping point, of 1,500 inhabitants; and Rantoul, a place of similar importance and population. Of the people of the county, 12,274 are natives of Illinois, 5,832 of Ohio, 3;384 of Indiana, 1,433 of New York, und 4,012 are of foreign birth. Champaign County is near the center of the Grand Prairie, and is almost wholly level in surface. The groves are few and small, and are situ- ated upon the small streams which head in these counties. There is no outerop of rock, but seattered over the area are many large drifted masses of Niagara group limestone and". eoal measure limestone, and sandstone. These lavo yielded considerable quantities of stone for local use. The soil is mainly hlaek muck, from one to five feet thick, underlaid by a yellow elay subsoil, beneath which. are irregular alternating beds of clay, gravel and quicksand of the drift formation, to the depth of from 150 to 300 feet. Here is evidenco that at some early period a powerful denuding current has torn up the rocks and excavated a broad and deep channel, extending from the southern end of Lake Michigan down the eastern line of the State, until, shortly after passing the line now occupied hy the Kankakec River, it rose over the declining edge of the Niagara limestone, and then bore off southwestward through the softer beds of the coal measures, which here scem to lie directly
COUNTY HISTORIES.
upon the Niagara. Doubtless tho region is underlaid by one or more workable seams of good eoal, and the heavy bed of quicksand heing the only obstacle to casy mining. At Urbana, coal was encountered at 225 feet, and at Rantoul a nine-foot senm was struck at 120 feet. The improved land in Cham- paigo Township, in 1870, comprised 20,964 acres. The value of farms is returned as $1,314,026, and the valno of livo stock as $176,928. The corn erop was 200,785 bushels. The earliest Commissioners were John R. Richardson and S. B. Shelledcy; the Clerk, T. R. Webber; the Sheriff, John Salis- hury; and the Treasurer, Moses Thomas. Forty-thrce aeres of land were donated by J. Buscy, M. W. Busey and T. R. Webber. Courts were held in private houses until 1837. The honor of being the first settler lies between R. Fielder, who located at Urbana in 1822, and William Tompkins, of the same region. Henry Sadorus is still living on the original location of 1824, and William Mareus followed the same year. Moses Thomas built. the first saw-mill on Salt Fork, in 1834. J. B. Thomas taught school in 1829, and John Dunham, of the United Brethren persnasion, was the first preneher. T. R. Webher, of Urhana, was the earliest merchant. The first in- voice of goods was purchased in Philadelphia, taken in wagons over the mountains to Pittsburgh, thenee by river to Evans- villo and in wagons to their destination.
CHRISTIAN COUNTY.
CHRISTIAN is one of the central eountics of Illinois, and its area is 705 square miles. It was crccted from Sangamon, Montgomery, Shelby and Macon Counties, and was originally named Dane, which title it held for one year. Many of the carly settlers were from Christian County, Kentucky. Among those who took up permanent claims prior to political organ- ization were Judge Frink, Daniel C. Good, William S. Ricks, Col. Thomas P. Bond, Gabriol R. Jernigan, Amos Richard- son, 'Squire Aquilla Couneil, Henry Blunt, David C. Blunt, William C. Breeds, 'Squire Henry C. Dixon, Martin White, James Sanders, Elder A. T. Northeutt, Eli Mathews, Martin . Hamro, Eli Porter, Aaron McKinzic, Rev. Peter R. Ketehnm, William B. Hall, David C. Hall, Jesse Langley, R. P. Lang- ley, Marcus L. Young, Paris Pray, William T. Crosthwait, Michael Snyder, F. M. Good, Lewis H. Jernigan, James Fun- derbrook and Henry Davis. Tho Indians disappeared about 1830. Game was very ahundant at an early day, an old set- tler relating that ho once saw a drove of sixty deer in Taylor- town. Wolves abounded, and prairie fires were frequent. The pioneers used wild honey for sweetening, went to church in ox wagons, and hauled their corn to St. Louis to exchange for groceries. The earliest mill was on Bear Creek, and it re- quired a day to grind ten busliels of grain with horse-power. Dr. Kepper was the first practicing physician. The Catholies erected the earliest church, at Taylorville, where Richard Sampson officiated ; and the first store was at Robertson's Point. The county was organized in 1839, and the county seat established at Taylorville. W. S. Ricks was the Sheriff, Horatio M. Vandeveer, Recorder, and Gabriel R. Jernigan, Treasurer. Judge Treat, of Springfield, held the Cireuit Court, in 1840, and Ezekiel D. Young was Clerk, the sessions seldom consuming more than a day. A sad feature of elec- tion day at that period was intoxication and the settlement of feuds. Among others who took prominent positions in the county after its organization were Judge H. M. Vandeveer, W. W. Anderson, W. A. Goodrich, W. S. Moore, Dr. A. Y. Chapman, John B. Rieks, Charles A. Manners, Dr. J. H. Clarke, D. D. Shumway, R. Wilkinson, Dr. C. Goudy, Daniel De Camp and H. P. Shumway. The general situation was greatly changed, in 1856, hy the completion of the Illinois Central Railway, and, in 1870, tho population had increased to 20,363. The surface is generally level, the northern half being best adapted to corn and the southern to wheat. Taylorville lies at tho crossing of the Springfield & South- eastern aud tho Toledo, Wabash & Western Roads; has several manufactories, five schools, and a population of over 2,000. Pana lies in the southeastern corner, has three railways, a good trade, and 2,500 inhabitants. Assumption is an old town on the eastern horder, with over 1,000 in- habitants. Morrisonville is a lively, new place, and rapidly developing.
CLARK COUNTY.
CLARK COUNTY lies in the southeastern border of the State, and has an area of 510 square miles. It is one of the older counties, having been organized in 1819. Among the pioneers of the region were John Bartlett, Abraham Wash- burn, James Whitlock, James B. Anderson, Stephen Archer and Uri Manly. The first death recorded is that of James G. Mathews. Marshall, the county seat, is located on a beautiful swell of land 127 feet higher than Terre Haute, Ind., 10 miles distant, and is the highest spot between that placo and Vandalia. The site was, in 1833, purchased from the govern- ment by Gov. Joseph Duncan and Col. William B. Archer. The latter, two years later, secured the whole interest and laid out the town, the first log cabin being ereeted in the fall of that year. The location is the gateway of the far-famed valley of the Wabash, and has pure air and excellent water. In early days, large quantities of wheat, apples and peaches were wagoned through town to the Chicago market. The original county seat was on the site of Darwin, Marshall being selected in 1849, after a vigorous contest, The latter place is on the Vandalia & Terre Haute Radroad, and had, in 1870, a popu- lation of 2,541. It has two grist- mills, one large woolen factory, several eooper shops, several large saw-mills, and a wagon-felloe factory. Darwin lies on the Wabash River, and Cumberland on the western horder. Westfield, in the north- west portion of the county, is in the center of a rich agricul- tural district. It is noted for its University. The other towns of importance are Casey, Martinsville, Auburn and York. The county has a population of 18,719, of whom 9,725 are natives of the State, 2,800 of Ohio, 2,534 of Indiana, and 919 of foreign lands. Coro is the great staple of Clark County. There are also produced large quantities of oats, winter wheat, potatoes, butter, sorghum, honey, maple sugar, orchard produets, wool and pork. The manufacturing interests are not large. Flouring, lumber and woolen-mills and carriage and furniture manufactories are carried on, hut they are not numerous nor extensive. The railroads recently completed through the county will tend to develop these and other manu- facturing interests, and, in connection with the rich soil, should make Clark County one of the wealthiest in the State. The principal church organizations are the Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian, United Brethren, Romish, Christian, Congrega- tional and Lutheran.
CLAY COUNTY.
CLAY COUNTY is comprised within the southeastern quarter of the State, having an area of 466 square miles. As early as 1818, Mr. Elliot made a elaim in the southern part of the county, and scattered settlements existed soon thereafter. Maysville was laid out in 1824 on the national road between St. Louis and Cincinnati, and made the seat of government on the erection of the county during that year. The wave of immigration proper reached tho region about 1837, when there arrived Judge Apperson, Judge S. Hopkins, - Stanford and - Lce, followed by the Tenders, Cochrsns and Me- Collums. It is said that sinco 1850 the increase of popula- tion has been about wholly native. The region is penetrated diagonally by the Little Wahash River, besides which there are abundant creeks, followed hy belts of timber of very fine quality, mainly oak and ash. The climate is salubrious, with short winters. The soil is mostly a light-colored sandy loam, the ordinary black prairie appearing only in isolated spots. Indian eorn is the staple, hut tobacco and flax are successfully raised. One-half the area of the county is under cultivation. The main line and Springfield branch of the Ohio & Missis- sippi Railroad traverse the county. There are eighty-nine school houses, with an average attendance of 5,867 scholars, and churches are numerous. Louisville became the county seat in 1842, has a thriving trade, and about 800 inhabitants. Flora, with a population of 1,500, is the main trading point in the county. Xenia was laid out in 1837, and has nearly 1,000 inhabitants. By the last eensus, Clay had a population of 15,875, of whom 7,753 were born in Illinois, 3,013 in Indiana, and 1,731 in Ohio. The area of improved land comprises 146,922 acres, and of woodland, 80,612. The valuation of livo stock reaches 8831,482.
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CLINTON COUNTY.
CLINTON COUNTY is in the southwestern quarter of the State, and has an area of 488 square miles. It was ereetcd from Washington, Bond and Fayette Counties in 1824. The principal streams are the Kaskaskia River and Shoal, Crooked, Sugar and Beaver Creeks. In two parts of the county are post oak flats, having a white soil and level surface. The bot- tom timber is quite heavy. The upper coal measures constitute the chief geological formation, although east of the Okaw River lies the upper sandstoue formation. The west half of the county is underlaid hy the Shoal Creek limestone, which sometimes forms layers eighteen inches in thickness, is easily quarried, and is well adapted to building purposes. The average thickness of the strata is ahout eight fect. It forms the hed of Rock Ford, from which point it rises in every direction. Limestone has hecu extensively quarried just hclow the rail- road bridge across Sugar Creck, its most southerly point being near Hanover, where it reaches a thickness of five fect. The coal seams differ in position. One is in the highest part of the formation, and hut ten or twelve inches thick, while the other lies at the base of the slaty division, and is found from ten to twenty feet below the Shoal Creek limestone. It has been found in a shaft at Trenton thirty-two feet below the level of the prairie. A most important question for the county is whether or not the stone coal of the lower measures extends under her surface. The Ohio & Mississippi Railway runs westwardly through the center of the county. Carlyle lies on the Kaskaskia River, is the seat of justice, and has 1,500 in- hahitauts. The population of the county was, in 1870, 16,285. Of this number, 8,659 were born in Illinois, and 4,539 in foreign countries.
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