USA > Illinois > Franklin County > Franklin County, Illinois, war history, 1832-1919; containing a brief review of the world war--complete history of Franklin County's activities--photographs and service records of Franklin County's soldiers, sailors and marines--industrial and biographical review of business and professional firms who have made this history possible > Part 2
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We were privileged but once subsequently to visit Benton together. During the campaign of Lincoln and Mcclellan in 1864-after the fall of Atlanta, General Logan canvassed the state for Mr. Lincoln. In response to an urgent invitation he made a memorable speech in Benton receiving such an ovation from our old friends as few men have had given them. Many of them had brothers, husbands and sons who had followed the flag from Cairo to the capitulation of Atlanta under General Logan's command.
The message he brought of the dauntless heroism of the sons of Franklin county thrilled the vast crowd with such pride that they shouted themselves hoarse applauding the leader and the men who dared to go where he led them.
Space forbids what I should like to write of the good times we had at the "County Fairs," "Court Week," and other social occasions. Like all gen- erations we had our diversions and times when we laid aside dull care and were made better by reason- able indulgence in amusements.
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Soldiers of the American Expeditionary Forces passing in review at the ceremonies in Paris attending the naming of a street after President Wilson, July 4, 1918.
"Lafayette, we are here."
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FRANKLIN COUNTY, ILL WAR HISTORY.
Franklin County War History Society Organization and Personnel
THE Franklin County War History Society was organized in October. 1919, for the purpose of compiling a history of the county's achievements in the different wars in which Illinois took a conspicuous part.
This society was organized with the idea of producing a history of which the citizens would be proud for many generations. The patriotic citizens who make up the personnel of the society did the work assigned them and did it well, serving
through the work of more than seven months with no compensation.
The nature of the work required the ser- vices of an expert compiler and publicity man, and Mr. S. S. Baird, who had just finished the history of Williamson county, was secured to direct the work, and was elected as secretary and manager. Mr. Baird was the only member of the society who received financial compensation from the society.
The officers and members of the society and committees were as follows:
Lt. Col. O. C. SMITH, President;
HARRY L. FRIER, Vice-President and Treasurer ; S. S. BAIRD, Secretary and Manager; HAL W. TROVILLION, Publisher.
ADVISORY BOARD-
SERVICE RECORD
WAR CHARITIES-
Judge C. H. Miller, Chairman Robt. R. Ward
Prof. H. Clay Ing, Chairman
F. H. Stamper, Chairman
Judge R. E. Hickman
G. C. Cantrell
Miss Philipine Pfaff Mrs. John L. Payne
N. S. Helm
W. W. Williams
Mrs. W. H. Hart
WAR FINANCE AND
Rev. J. L. Meads
ECONOMIES-
W. B. Crawford
Judge W. G. Mitchell
Judge W. H. Hart, Chairman
Nelson Browning
Judge W. F. Dillon
Judge W. F. Spiller
Bert Casteel
Nelson Browning
Moses Pulverman
W. N. McCreery
Mrs. Harry Stotlar
Capt. E. Dillon
W. C. Ludwig
John Smith C. O. Hutson
F. E. Goodin
Frank Hudelson
Wm. Lovel
EDITORIAL STAFF-
J. J. Hill
H. L. Frier, Chairman
A. E. Martin
J. S. Williams
Chas. Crisp
R. C. Brownlee
Dr. J. E. Reed
Carl Walker
H. C. Vise
Riley D. Webb
D. T. Ashby
Judge O. C. Smith
Dr. L. W. Bevard
Judge T. J. Layman
W. A. Kelly
R. P. Blake
EXEMPTION STATISTICS-
Rev. J. L. Meads, Chairman
Judge T. J. Myers
Carl Walker
W. W. Williams
Miss Ruth Meyers
INDUSTRIAL --
W. W. Williams, Chairman
G. C. Cantrell
W. B. Crawford
D. C. Jones
Judge J. P. Mooney- ham
B. W. Elkins
Walter Sims
M. A. Gurley
John W. Greer
J. R. Hudelson Harry Stotlar
D. T. Ashby Jack Ohle Robt. R. Ward
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Judge O. C. Smith
Mrs. W. H. Hart Judge T. J. Myers
FRANKLIN COUNTY, ILL. WAR HISTORY.
French visitors at Lincoln's Tomb-Gen. Joseph Jacques Cesaire Joffre, Field Marshal of the French Army in middle of front line.
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Review of the World War
O N November 11,'18, Civilization, war- weary but triumphant, planted the banner of Freedom over the prostrate wreck of Autocratic Militarism. For on that date the most stupendous, the costliest and the bloodiest war in the history of the world came to an end in the French village of Senlis with the signing by five German envoys of an armistice, the terms of which were set by the French Field Marshal Ferdinand Foch, Gen- eralissimo of the armies of the United States and the Allied Powers of France, Great Britian, Italy, Belgium and the smaller na- tions having armed forces in the field against the Teuton craze for world domination. It was the close of the most terrible war the world has ever known, for Terror and Fright- fulness were the watchwords of the German hordes from the day (July 29, 1914) when they swept across the Belgian border to at- tack France from a quarter which Germany herself had joined in solemnly declaring should be inviolate, all through the four and a quarter years of uninterrupted slaughter and rapine, pillage and brigandage. "Make yourselves as terrible as the hordes of Attila the Hun," said the German Kaiser to his troops, and as "Huns" they became univer- sally known and execrated. At the outset of the war, the two Teuton empires, Germany and Austria, faced only two other great Eu- ropean powers, Russia and France, together with the little kingdom of Serbia. But the rape of Belgium brought Great Britain into line against them, as well as Italy in less than a year. The powerful British navy rendered helpless the German surface warcraft, but the German submarines could not so easily be held in check. It was their ruthless and treacherous manner of preying upon bellig- erent and neutral shipping alike which con- tributed largely to Germany's undoing. For the torpedoing by them of the great trans- atlantic liner "Lusitania" off the coast of Ire-
land on May 7, 1915, sent such a wave of indignation sweeping over the world, that even in this country neutrality became little more than a mere diplomatic phrase.
Outrage followed upon outrage, in spite of lying promises, broken as soon as made, until in April of 1917 the United States threw itself and its vast resources whole-heartedly into the war, and Germany was doomed. Russia, honeycombed with graft, her whole political system poisoned with a combination of autocracy, ignorance and anarchy, had practically collapsed a year previous before the onrush of Von Hindenberg. Serbia de- serted by all of its Balkan allies except Rou- mania, had been crushed under the heel of Von Mackensen. Bulgaria and Turkey had allied themselves with the Teutonic forces, and Greece would have done so but for the staying hands of Great Britain and France. The collapse of Russia, which became an ac- tuality with the downfall of the Czar's regime and the abject treaty of Brest-Litovsk, signed with Germany by the Bolsheviki March 3, 1918, threw a heavy burden on American shoulders; but by this time this country was well on its way to an effective war footing. Huge sums had been raised through four voluntary Liberty Loans, the combined sub- scriptions to which totalled $16,000,000,000; millions of the finest of its youth had been hastily drilled in camps and cantonments in this country and abroad, and by the aid of British transports a vast army had been as- sembled in Europe, under the leadership of Major-General John J. Pershing. At last they were ready to strike. But not before they were sorely needed. The Germans had started a tremendous offensive in March, 1918, an offensive which seemed irresistible. The forces of Field Marshal Haig, the com- mander-in-chief of the British forces, and of General Petain, the head of those of France,
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American soldiers grenading the enemy's trench.
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were slowly but surely being pushed back under the sheer weight of German divisions released from the Eastern front. Never had matters looked so black for the Allies. On May 27 their line had been broken between Soissons and Rheims. The situation was des- perate. And then, the very next day, masses of youngsters in olive drab seemed to rise out of the earth. They marched, singing gaily, to the spot where the deadly hail was thickest, beat to pieces the flower of Prussia's troops-and "Cantigny" was written on America's battle-flags. But still the steam roller went on. Paris was threatened more nearly than ever since those dark days in the fall of 1914 when Von Kluck's army was thrust back from its very gates.
At Chateau Thierry, on June 6, the French commander ground his teeth as he prepared to move back still further his hospital and supply base if the deadly German fire per- mitted even that. But they came in time- the "Yankees"! Division after division of them. With bayonets fixed they plunged across No Man's Land, straight through a perfect hell of machine-gun fire, shrapnel and high explosives, and simply annihilated the guns and gunners. They were a devas- tating whirlwind, and they stopped the Ger- man drive and saved Paris. They did far more than that; they saved Europe and they saved Civilization, for when, on July 18, Marshal Foch began his great counter-offen- sive, it was to the First American Army that he delegated the all-important task of wip- ing out the St. Mihiel salient, the great bulg- ing advance of the Germans since March.
On September 12 the Americans did it, tak- ing 15,000 prisoners and shortening the bat- tle line by a score of miles. It was the be- ginning of the end. Germany had staked her all on a last desperate drive and it had failed. Events of supreme importance be- came daily occurrences. Bulgaria was the first to surrender. She was soon followed by Turkey, whose armies in Syria had been de- cisively beaten by the British under General Allenby. The Italians, under General Diaz, recovered by force of arms all that they had lost the preceding October through the alleged treachery of General Cadorna; and Austria ceased to be a factor in the war. Beset by revolution at home and the con- sistently victorious advance of the Americans and Allies at the front, Germany begged President Wilson to use his endeavors to se- cure an armistice "on land, on sea and in the air." The proposal was referred to Marshal Foch, and four days after the Amer- icans had captured the historic city of Sedan, where Germany had taken prisoner the Em- peror of the French forty-seven years ago, the empire of Bismarck and Von Moltke, which then had its birth, came to an inglori- ous end. For the signing of the armistice at Senlis was immediately followed by the abdication and flight to Holland of the Ger- man Kaiser, and a state of socialistic anarchy throughout Germany. The pagan "super- man" German doctrine that might makes right had been shattered, and in the immortal words of Abraham Lincoln, "government of the people, by the people and for the peo- ple" had not been permitted to perish from the earth.
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"Fire!" Pounding the German lines opposite Baleycourt Woods, near Nixeville, Department of the Meuse. with French 340-m. guns manned by Yankee coast artillerymen of the 35th Coast Artillery, 80th Division. This gun hit two German army corps headquarters 30 kilometers distant. (September 26, 1918.)
FRANKLIN COUNTY, ILL. WAR HISTORY.
FRANKLIN COUNTY, ILL. WAR HISTORY.
A Brief Historical Summary of the World War
1914
June 28-Archduke Ferdinand and wife assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia.
July 28-Austria-Hungary de- clares war on Serbia.
Aug. 1-Germany declares war on Russia and general mobiliza- tion is under way in France and Austria-Hungary.
Aug. 2-German troops enter France at Cirey; Russian troops enter Germany at Schwidden; Ger- man army enters Luxemburg over protest and Germany asks Belgium for free passage of her troops.
Aug. 3-British fleet mobilizes; Belgium appeals to Great Britian for diplomatic aid and German ambassador quits Paris.
Aug. 4-France declares war on Germany; Germany declares war on Belgium; Great Britian sends Belgium neutrality ultimatum to Germany; British army mobilized and state of war between Great Britain and Germany is declared. President Wilson issues neutrality proclamation.
Aug. 5-Germans begin fighting on Belgium frontier; Germany asks for Italy's help.
Aug. 6-Austria declares war on Russia.
Aug. 7-Germans defeated by French at Altkirch.
Aug. 8-Germans capture Liege. Portugal announces it will support Great Britain; British land troops in France.
Aug. IC-France declares war on Austria-Hungary.
Aug. 12-Great Britain declares war on Austria-Hungary; Monte- negro declares war on Germany.
Aug. 15-Japan sends ultima- tum to Germany to withdraw from Japanese and Chinese waters and evacuate Kiaochow; Russia offers autonomy to Poland.
Aug. 20-German army enters Brussels.
Aug. 23-Japan declares war on Germany; Russia victorious in battles in East Prussia.
Aug. 24-Japanese warships bombard Tsingtao.
Aug. 25-Japan and Austria break off diplomatic relations.
Aug. 28-English win naval bat- tle over German fleet near Helgo- land.
Aug. 29-Germans defeat Rus- sians at Allenstein; occupy Amiens; advance to La Fere, six- ty-five miles from Paris.
Sept. 1-Germans cross Marne; bombs dropped on Paris; Turkish army mobilized; Zeppelins drop bombs on Antwerp.
Sept. 2-Government of France transferred to Bordeaux; Russians capture Lemberg.
Sept. 4-Germans cross the Marne.
Sept. 5-England, France, and Russia sign pact to make no sep- arate peace.
Sept. 6-French win battle of Marne; British cruiser Pathfinder sunk in North Sea by a German submarine.
Sept. 7-Germans retreat from the Marne.
Sept. 14-Battle of Aisne starts: German retreat halted.
Sept. 15-First battle of Sois- sons fought.
Sept. 20-Russians capture Jaro- slau and begin siege of Przemysl.
Oct. 9-10-Germans capture Antwerp.
Oct. 12-Germans take Ghent.
Oct. 20-Fighting along Yser river begins.
Oct. 29-Turkey begins war on Russia.
Nov. 1-British cruiser fleet de- stroyed in action off coast of Chile.
Nov. 7-Tsingtao falls before Japanese troops.
Nov. 9-German cruiser Emden destroyed.
Dec. 8-German fleet destroyed in battle off Falkland islands.
Dec. 11-German advance on Warsaw checked.
Dec. 14-Belgrade recaptured by Serbians.
Dec. 16-German cruisers bom- bard Scarborough, Hartlepool, and Whitby, on English coast, killing fifty or more persons; Austrians said to have lost upwards of 100,000 men in Serbian defeat.
Dec. 25-Italy occupies Avlona, Albania.
1915
Jan. 1-British battleship For- midable sunk.
Jan. 8-Roumania mobilizes 750,000 men; violent fighting in the Argonne.
Jan. 11-Germans cross the Rawka, thirty miles from Warsaw.
Jan. 24-British win naval bat- tle in North Sea.
Jan. 29-Russian army invades Hungary; German efforts to cross Aisne repulsed.
Feb. 1-British repel strong German attack near La Bassee.
Feb. 2-Turks are defeated in attack on Suez canal.
Feb. 4-Russians capture Tar- now in Galicia.
Feb. 8-Turks along Suez canal in full retreat; Turkish land de- fenses at the Dardanelles shelled by British torpedo boats.
Feb. 11-Germans evacuate
Lodz.
Feb. 12-Germans drive Rus- sians from positions in East Prus- sia, taking 26,000 prisoners.
Feb. 14-Russians report cap- ture of fortifications at Smolnik.
Feb. 16-Germans capture Plock and Bielsk in Poland; French cap- ture two miles of German trenches in Champagne district.
Feb. 17-Germans report they have taken 50,000 Russian prison- ers in Mazurian lake district.
Feb. 18-German blockade of English and French coasts put into effect.
Feb. 19-20-British and French fleets bombard Dardanelles forts.
Feb. 21-American steamer Eve- lyn sunk by mine in North sea.
Feb. 22-German war office an- nounces capture of 100,000 Rus- sian prisoners in engagements in Mazurian lake region; American steamer Carib sunk by mine in North sea.
Feb. 28-Dardanelles entrance forts capitulate to English and French.
March 4-Landing of allied troops on both sides of Darda- nelles straits reported; German U-4 sunk by French destroyers.
March 10-Battle of Neuve Chapelle begins.
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"Beating it to shelter. Three American soldiers are shown here running for safety after a search had announced the coming of a German shell. This was an incident of the fighting in Exermont in the Argonne.
FRANKLIN COUNTY, ILL. WAR HISTORY.
FRANKLIN COUNTY, ILL. WAR HISTORY.
March 14-German cruiser Dresden sunk in Pacific by Eng- lish.
March 18-British battleships Irresistible and Ocean and French battleship Bouvet sunk in Darda- nelles strait.
March 22-Fort of Przemysl surrenders to Russians.
March 23-Allies land troops on Gallipoli peninsula.
March 25-Russians victorious over Austrians in Carpathians.
April 8-German auxiliary cruiser, Prinz Eitel Friederich, in- terned at Newport News, Va.
April 16-Italy has 1,200,000 men mobilized under arms; Aus- trians report complete defeat of Russians in Carpathian campaign.
April 23-Germans force way across Ypres canal and take 1,600 prisoners.
April 25-Allies stop German drive on Ypres line in Belgium.
April 29-British report regain- ing of two-thirds of lost ground in Ypres battle.
May 7-Liner Lusitania torpe- doed and sunk by German sub- marine off the coast of Ireland with the loss of more than 1,000 lives. 102 Americans.
May 9-French advance two and one-half miles against German forces north of Arras, taking 2,000 prisoners.
May 23-Italy declares war on Austria.
June 3-Germans recap ture Przemysl with Austrian help.
June 18-British suffer defeat north of La Bassee canal.
June 28-Italians enter Aus- trian territory south of Riva on western shore of Lake Garda.
July 3-Tolmino falls into Ital- ian hands.
July 9-British make gains north of Ypres and French retake trenches in the Vosges.
July 13-Germans defeated in the Argonne.
July 29-Warsaw evacuated; Lublin captured by Austrians.
Aug. 4-Germans occupy War- saw.
Aug. 14-Austrians and Ger- mans concentrate 400,000 soldiers on Serbian frontier.
Aug. 21-Italy declares war on Turkey.
Sept. 1-Ambassador Bernstorff announces Germans will sink no more liners without warning.
Sept. 4-German submarine tor- pedoes liner Hesperian.
Sept. 9-Germans make air raid on London, killing twenty persons and wounding 100 others; United States asks Austria to recall Am- bassador Dumba.
Sept. 20-Germans begin drive on Serbia to open route to Turkey.
Sept. 22-Russian army retreat- ing from Vilna, escapes German encircling movement.
Sept. 25-30-Battle of Cham- pagne, resulting in great advance for allied armies and causing Kaiser Wilhelm to rush to the west front; German counter at- tacks repulsed.
Oct. 5-Russia and Bulgaria sever diplomatic relations; Rus- sian, French, British, Italian, and Serbian diplomatic representatives ask for passports in Sofia.
Oct. 10-Gen. Mackensen's for- ces take Belgrade.
Oct. 12-Edith Cavell executed by Germans.
Oct. 13-Bulgaria declares war on Serbia.
Oct. 15-Great Britain declares war on Bulgaria.
Oct. 16-France declares war on Bulgaria.
Oct. 19-Russia and Italy de- clare war on Bulgaria.
Oct. 27-Germans join Bulgar- ians in northeastern Serbia and open way to Constantinople.
Oct. 30-Germans defeated at Mitau.
Nov. 9-Italian liner Ancona torpedoed.
Dec. 1-British retreat from near Bagdad.
Dec. 4-Ford "peace party" sails for Europe.
Dec. 8-9-Allies defeated in Macedonia.
Dec. 15-Sir John Douglas Haig succeeds Sir John French as chief of English armies on west front.
1916
Jan. 8-British troops at Kut- el-Amara surrounded.
Jan. 9-British evacuate Galli- poli peninsula.
Jan. 13-Austrians capture Ce- tinje, capital of Montenegro.
Jan. 23-Scutari, capital of Al- bania, captured by Austrians.
Feb. 22-Crown Prince's army begins attack on Verdun.
March 8-Germany declares war on Portugal.
March 15-Austria-Hungary de- clares war on Portugal.
March 24-Steamer Sussex tor- pedoed and sunk.
April 18-President Wilson sends note to Germany.
April 20-President Wilson congress, explaining diplomatic situation.
April 24-Insurrection in Dub- lin.
April 29-British troops at Kut- el-Amara surrender to Turks.
April 30-Irish revolution sup- pressed.
May 3-Irish leaders of insur- rection executed.
May 4-Germany makes prom- ise to change methods of subma- rine warfare.
May 13-Austrians begin great offensive against Italians in Tren- tino.
May 31-Great naval battle off Danish coast. (Battle of Jutland.)
June 5-Lord Kitchener lost with cruiser Hampshire.
June 11-Russians capture Dubno.
June 29-Sir Roger Casement sentenced to be hanged for treason.
July 1-British and French be- gin great offensive on the Somme.
July 6-David Lloyd George appointed secretary of war.
July 9-German merchant sub- marine Deutschland arrives at Baltimore.
July 23-Gen. Kuropatkin's army wins battle near Riga.
July 27-English take Delville wood; Serbian forces begin attack on Bulgars in Macedonia.
Aug. 2-French take Fleury.
Aug. 3-Sir Roger Casement executed for treason.
Aug. 4-French recapture Thiaumont for fourth time; Brit- ish repulse Turkish attack on Suez canal.
Aug. 7-Italians on Isonzo front capture Monte Sabotino and Monte San Michele.
Aug. 8-Turks force Russian evacuation of Bitlis and Mush.
Aug. 9-Italians cross Isonzo river and occupy Austrian city of Goeritz.
Aug. 10-Austrians evacuate Stanislau; allies take Doiran, near Saloniki, from Bulgarians.
Aug. 19-German submarines sink British light cruisers Notting- ham and Falmouth.
Aug. 24-French occupy Mau- repas, north of the Somme; Rus- sians recapture Mush in Armenia.
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"Firing in the Meuse Valley." Doughboys in the front line trench at Forges, Meuse, taking advantage of the camouflage left by the routed Germans, who took up their positions about 1,200 yards from this point; 132d Regiment, Infantry, 33d Division (formerly the 2d and 7th Regiments, Infantry, Ill. N. G.). (October 3, 1918.)
FRANKLIN COUNTY. ILL. WAR HISTORY.
FRANKLIN COUNTY, ILL. W HISTORY.
Aug. 27-Italy declares war on Germany; Roumania enters war on side of allies.
Aug. 29-Field Marshal von Hindenburg made chief of staff of German armies, succeeding Gen. von Falkenhayn.
Aug. 30-Russian armies seize all five passes in Carpathians into Hungary.
Sept. 3-Allies renew offensive north of Somme; Bulgarian and German troops invade Dobrudja, in Roumania.
Sept. 7-Germans and Bulgar- ians capture Roumanian fortress of Tutrakan; Roumanians take Orsova, Bulgarian city.
Sept. 10-German - Bulgarian army capture Roumanian fortress of Silistria.
Sept. 14-British for first time use "tanks."
Sept. 15-Italians begin new of- fensive on Carso.
Oct. 2-Roumanian army of in- vasion in Bulgaria defeated by Germans and Bulgarians under Von Mackensen.
Oct. 4-German submarines sink French cruiser Gallia and Cunard liner Franconia.
Oct. 8-German submarines sink six merchant steamships off Nan- tucket, Mass.
Oct. 11-Greek seacoast forts dismantled and turned over to allies on demand of England and France.
Oct. 23-German-Bulgar armies capture Constanza, Roumania.
Oct. 24-French win back Doua- mont, Thiaumont field work. Hau- dromont quarries, and Cailette wood near Verdun, in smash of two miles.
Nov. 1-Italians, in new offen- sive on the Carso plateau. capture 5,000 Austrians.
Nov. 2-Germans evacuate Fort Vaux at Verdun.
Nov. 5-Germans and Austrians proclaim new kingdom of Poland, of territory captured from Russia.
Nov. 6-Submarine sinks British passenger steamer Arabia.
Nov. 7-Cardinal Mercier pro- tests against German deportation of Belgians; submarine sinks American steamer Columbian.
Nov. 8-Russian army invades Transylvania, Hungary.
Nov. 9-Austro-German armies defeat Russians in Volhynia and take 4,000 prisoners.
Nov. 13-British launch new of- fensive in Somme region on both sides of Ancre.
Nov. 14-British capture forti- fied village of Beacourt, near the Ancre.
Nov. 19-Serbian, French and Russian troops recapture Mona- stir; Germans cross Transylvania Alps and enter western Roumania.
Nov. 21-British hospital ship Britannic sunk by mine in Egean sea.
Nov. 23-Roumanian army re- treats ninety miles from Buchar- est.
Nov. 24-German-Bulgarian ar- mies take Orsova and Turnu-Sev- erin from Roumanians.
Nov. 25-Greek provisional gov- ernment declares war on Germany and Bulgaria.
Nov. 28-Roumanian govern- ment abandons Bucharest and moves capital to Jassy.
Dec. 5-Premier Herbert As- quith of England resigns.
Dec. 7-David Lloyd George ac- cepts British premiership.
Dec. 8-Gen. von Mackensen captures big Roumanian army in Prohova valley.
Dec. 12-Chancellor von Beth- mann-Hollweg announces in reichs- tag that Germany will propose peace; new cabinet in France un- der Aristide Briand as premier, and Gen. Robert Georges Nivelle given chief of command of French army.
Dec. 15-French at Verdun win two miles of front and capture 11,000.
Dec. 19-Lloyd George declines German peace proposals.
Dec. 23-Baron Burian succeed- ed as minister of foreign affairs in Austria by Count Czernin.
Dec. 26-Germany proposes to President Wilson "an immediate meeting of delegates of the bellig- erents.
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