USA > Illinois > De Witt County > History of De Witt county, Illinois. With illustrations descriptive of the scenery, and biographical sketches of some of the prominent men and pioneers > Part 12
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Removed from the County .- J. L. Jennings, Harrison Maltby, Elisha Butler, Charles Maltby, R. E. Port, A. N. Dills, Th. C. Bergen, John Slatten, Sam. Hammet, James M. Harrold, Preston Butler, Jerome Gorine, John Christison, G. W. Stipp, Charles Graves, B. W. Gray, Nathan Evelaud. A. D Downey, John Thissell. Ezra Thissell, and P. Storey.
Twenty-two of the one hundred and thirty-three resident voters of 1844 are still living in the county. See Old Guard.
Marion Precinct, Deud List .- James Martin, George Barns, W. H. Lafferty, Benjamin Church, Peter Lear, James McDeed, Daniel Robbins, John McDeed, B S. Day, Gabriel Bennett, J. B. HFagar, E. C. Harrold, Sylvester Griffia, T. E. Sawyer, Sal. Despain, William Waldou, John Bort, J. B. Williams, S. B. Hoblett, Benjamin L'senby, Z ;balon Cantrall, Rxlen Lane, Mon- roe Thompson, B. D. F. Maple, N. C. Caine, John E. Day, Thomas Lye, John Lash, John Wilson, Nathan Britton, Henry Webb, Joseph Wilson, Morris Britton, George Barns, W. Mc- Kinley, Arthar Jones, Elihu Gassfor1, John Layton, John Dor- son, C. Webb, Elward Wilson, Michael Troutman, Charles Parker, Hiram Chapin, and F. S. Robbins .- 45.
Lost sight of, probably de ul -Charles Sawyer, Thomas Glenn,
47
HISTORY OF DE WITT COUNTY, ILLINOIS.
Nathan Goodall, R D. Taylor, Joshua E Jackson, G. L. Taylor, A. W. Haddock, William Hall, William Hans, Daniel Willard, Douglas Spear, E W. Wright, John Gutman, Il. Sanger, John Cooksey, Jesse E. Sawyer, Job Rathbone, George Livingston, W. E. Walker, Nathan Bornan, W. E. Sawyer, Robert Semple, Thomas Williamson. William Walters (sent to penitentiary for perjury), Joseph Semple, Charles Richardson, J. M. Storm, W. Bernes, David Ropp, Dav. Vandeventer, John Britton, and G S. Morrison .- 32.
Removed from County .- James A. Lemon, in California ; J. A. Jackson, west ; James Harp, Kansas ; James Vandeventer, west ; Daniel Baker, Indiana ; Thomas Sorith, west ; Alex. Ilarp, west ; J. E. Daugherty, west ; Hiram Beebe, west; Thomas Swain, Bloomington ; Henry M. White, west; John E. llarris, west ; P. M. Gideon, north ; Pleasant Smith, west; Greenbury Donar, west ; and W. R. Detherage, west .- 16.
Thirty of the original one hundred and twenty-three voters of Marion precinct are still living iu the county.
Mount Pleasant Precinct, Dead List .- Robert H. Pool, Benja- min Newberry, Peter Arbogast, Solomon Hand, Samuel Brickey, Richard Kirby, John McCord, Timothy Hurley, William Dan- ner, David White, Edward Cover, Samuel Danner, Thomas Gardner, Absalom Danner, John Danner, Dennis Harley, Henry Barnes, Lewis Jackson, Henry Huddleson, John Smith, Asa Weedman, Preston Webb, Josiah Davis, Ambrose Hall, James Sternes, John Weedman, Mathew Johnson, and William Y. Mc- Cord .- 28.
Lost sight of, probably dead .- William Webb, William Pearson, A. B. Danner, Ben. Newbury, N. W. Cox, J. P. Williams, Rob. Williamson, Harrison Blake, Joseph Brown, Hiram White, and A. F. Rogers,-11.
Removed from County .- David White and Phineas Page, west ; E. Shinkle, north; Isaac Parmenter, west; Byron Covey, west ; Patton Camel, west; and W. H. McFall, west .- 7.
Eighteen of the sixty-four voters of Mount Pleasant precinct are still residing in the county.
Long Point Precinct, Dead List .- John Scott, F. S. Troxel, Homer Buck, J. A. Payne, W. Scott, Abram Bash, Samuel Mar- tin, Will. Lane, Alfred Eveland, Elihu Lane, William Morris, Henry Troxel, Adnan Lane, Samuel Spencer, Peter Troxel, Elijah Swearingen, Amos Nichols, W. Bowling. Moses Houghan, George Hanger, Alex. Ellis, Mitchell Harrold, Jacob Harrold, S. F. Bowling, John Yonng, William Harrold, and Jonathan Frisby. -27.
Lost sight of, probably dead. - Hiram Riley, David Bash, Joseph Winkle, William Downen, William Holsey, Edward Philips, Samuel McElhaney, W. G. Swearingen, James G. Hobbs, J. W. Scott, Benjamin Withham, and James Scott .- 12.
Removed from the County .- John Chatham, William Chatham, J. J. Chatham, Isaac Chatham, Andrew Brumfield, William Spencer, Alex. and A. K. Scott, William Anderson, James An- derson, Wilson S. Fears, and Nathan Lundy, all west .- 12.
Fifteen of the sixty-six voters of Long Point in 1844 are to this day residents of the county.
The former precinct of New Castle, not being now a part of tbe county, is omitted.
We shall now introduce the names of the surviving pioneers and early settlers, as it were.
THE OLD GUARD.
The Van .- Abraham Onstott, S. P. Glenn, Nathan Clearwater, William Adams, Abraham Swearingen, Elijah Watt, and Orrin Wakefield.
Rank and File .- John J. MeGraw, Allen Wilson, John An- drew, Jacob Bruner, 11. Bowles (now in McLean), Z. H. Blount, Anderson Bowles, Preston Butler (now in Macon), S C. Baker, A. L. Barnett, F. M. Broeck, William Bennett, John Blount, William Bodkin, J. M. Cox, George Clifton, B. L. Cnndiff, Joseph Coppenbarger, Wyatt Cantrall, Levi Cantrall, James Cook, Z. G. Cantrall, William Cantrall, J. B. Cain, William Cottiugham, S. Covey, William Cisca, Peter Crum, H. A. Chapin, Thomas Davenport, Isaiah Davenport, David Remus, Daniel Dragstrem, A. M. Dills (now in Logan), Squire Davenport, A. D. Downey, E. O. Day (heavy weight ), John Doyle, David El- lington, lsaac Ellington, Thomas Frisby, Jerome Garin, L. Graves (Bloomington), B W. Gray (Pontiack), Benjamin How- ard, Samuel S. P. Huff, William Hays, G. L. Hill, John Hum- phreys, Thomas Hill, William Harp, Jonathan Harrold, Isam Harrold, Ely Harrold, John Jones, Elias Johnson, John Kelli- son, Alex. Kelley, C.S. Lisenby, E. G. Lawrence, George Lemen, Charles Leaper, Benjamin Mitchell, John Maxwell, James W. McCord, James McCord, John Marsh, Robert Mckinley, Solo- mon Moore, Harrison Maltby (in Lincoln), Ebenezer Miller, Abram Miller, James McAboy, J. L. McMurry, N. W. Peddi- cort ( Macon), James S. Riley, J. M. Richter, D. F. Robbins, William Rust, W. J. Rutledge, Thomas Spainhour, Sam. Small- wood (Decatnr ), Isaac Strain, C. W. Slinker, William Summers, V. N. Sampson, D. B. Smallwood, Isaac Suisber, J. B Swearin- gen, Henry Smith, Daniel Scott, J. H. Swearingen, John Scott, William Scott, H. Thompson (in Logan), Henry Thomas, Samuel Troxell, Thomas Vandeventer, T. C. Wright, W. Williams (in Macon), John Warner, Elijah Waldon, Henry Webb, William Webb, George Weedman, Jacob Walters, R. D. Webb, James G. Watson, and Peter Walton.
SUMMARY.
Of the 623 voters of De Witt connty in 1844, 214 are known to be alive at this day, December, 1851; 122 of whom live in De Witt county or its immediate vicinity ; 275 of those 623 are known, and 134 others are supposed to be dead.
The youngest of the survivors must be at least fifty-eight years of age ; many have crossed the three-score, and not a few ' have gone beyond the scriptural three-score and ten. De Witt is well stocked with hale and hardy old men, and the writer was greatly pleased to see so many of them in what might be called beauteous old age.
The pioneers of De Witt county sent a number of their men to protect the State against the inroads of hostile Indians, and in May, 1832, we see the following residents of the county take the field io the Black Hawk war. They hal enlisted in Captain James Johnson's company-their names, as far as could be ascertained, were as follows :
Walter Bowls, 3d sergeant, died in 1865 by his own hand ; George Coppenbarger, corporal, dead; Asher Simpson, now a resident of Kansas; Elisha Butler, dead; G. D: Smallwood, still living in De Witt county ; John Henderson, left the State during the civil war ; James Ennis, dead ; John Clifton, returned to his native state, Kentucky ; John Murphy, dead ; S. Troxel, living ; Thomas Davenport, still hale and hardy, and ready to run an- other foot race with his friend J. J. MeGraw, who defeated him, then considered the fleetest man in the State, in a foot-race fifty years ago, and would do it again ; William Adams, still in the county ; William Ilooper, emigrated to Missouri, and Jos. Clif- ton, dead.
Another and a very interesting feature of the life of these
48
HISTORY OF DE WITT COUNTY, ILLINOIS.
pioneers is exhibited in the minutes of their carly Lyceum, as they call a debating club organized in autumn, 1839, for the purpose of improving our minds, as expressed in the preamble to their simple constitution.
The initiation fee was 123 cents, and no one was to be con- sidered a member until his " bit " was contributed.
IIon. J. J. MeGraw, a pioneer in the forest as well as an effi- cient, conscientious and respected magistrate and county officer, from the birth of the county to this very day, has thoughtfully and with care preserved the minutes of this Lyceum.
A leaf or two seem to have been lost, and we could not learn the subject of the first debate.
On the 26th of November, however, the members discussed the following question : "Which would be the more politie course under now existing cirenmustauces for the legislature, to prosecute or to abandon their Internal Improvement System ?" *
The debt amounted, per capita, to $30, and the share of De Witt county, with its 3,247 inhabitants, to $97,400.
The districts of which the present county of De Witt formed a part in 1837 and 1838, were represented by George Henshaw, of McLean, and W. G Reddick, of Macon. Both voted in favor of the system John J. McGraw and William Dishon had pre- viously selected the parties for discussing the subject.
William Dishon, William Lowry, Dr. J. C. MePherson, and F. G Paine advocated the continuing of the system, while J. J. McGraw, Charles Maltby, K. H. Fell, Dr. Thomas Laughlin, and Daniel Fourdice argued for its abandonment. J. W. Sapp, E. W. Fears, and John S. Warfield, who had also been called on as debaters, were marked " absent."
* The impetus to the system of internal improvements at the expense. or more properly speaking, on the creilit of the state, was given by George Forquer, a senator of Sangamon county in 1834; his plans, however, failed. J. M. Strode, senator of all the country, including and north of Peoria, had a bill passed in 1835, authorizing a loan of half a million of dollars on the credit of the state. This loan was negotiated by Governor Duncan io 1836, and with this money a commencement was made on the Illinois canal in the month of June of that year. The great town lot speculation had reached Illinois about that time, The number of towns multiplied so rapidly, that it seemed as though the state would be one vast city. All bought lots, and all dreamed themselves rich ; and in order to bring people to those cities in embryo, the system of internal improvements was to be carried out on a grand scheme. The agitation became general, and the io- difference of the busy farmer was taken for tacit consent. The legislature, in 1837, provided for the building of about 1,300 miles of railroads, and voted eight millions of dollars for that purpose ; two hundred thousand of which were to be paid to counties not reached by those proposed railroads as an indemnity. In order to complete the canal from Chicago to Peru, another loan of funr millions of dollars was authorized. And, as a crowo- ing act of fully, it was provided that the work should commence simul- taneously on all the proposed roads at each end, and from the crossings of all the rivers.
No previous survey or estimate had been made, either of the rontes, the costs of the works, or the amount of business to be done by them. The ar- guments in favor of the system were of a character most difficult to refute, composed as they were partly of fact, but mostly of prediction. In this way it was proved, to general satisfaction, by an ingenious orator in the lobby, that the state could well afford to borrow a hundred millions of dol- lars, and expend it in making internal improvements.
None of the proposed roads were ever completed ; detached parcels of them were graded on every road, the excavatioos and embankments of which have long remained as a memorial of the blighting scathe done by this legislature.
The next legislature voted another $800,000 for the system. A special session in 1839 repealed the system, and provided for winding it up, for it had become apparent that no more loans could be obtained at par. Under this system a state debt of $14,237,348 had been created, to be paid by a a population of 476,183 souls .- Gov. Ford's History of Illinois.
From the annexed foot note, the readers will observe that the question itself was still a burning "one at the time of the de- hate." Most of the participants in the debate have paid that tribute to nature which is dne by all mortals. Let the survivor or survivors recite the details. Mr. Woodard and Josiah Downing acted as judges and decided that John J. McGraw and his side had produced the best arguments. That same night the club or lyceum prepared a by-law, from which fact it is to be inferred, that the club had previously adopted a constitution. The by-law reads as follows: " Be it enacted by the members of this lyceum, that it be considered a breach of good order for any person, who may attend the meetings of said body, and in time of business not to keep his seat, or to talk."
The next meeting was ordered to be held on the fourth of December next, and one question to be discussed was: "Would it he right. as things now exist, for the legislature to legalize the suspension of the State Bank of Illinois ?" It was arranged that Charles Maltby, William Dishon, Dr. Thomas Laughlin, Henry Dishon, Daniel Fourdice, J. S. Warfield, E. W. Fears, and R. Post should speak in favor of, and K H. Fell, Dr. James Brown, William Lowry, John J. McGraw, F. G. Paine, Dr. J. C. McPherson, and J. W. Sapp, against, the proposed measure. The debate was conducted with some feeling, as the very ques- tion at issue had occupied the minds of all people for years. The judges presiding at the meeting, James Vandeventer and John Hughs, could not agree. The president of the club, concurring with Vandeventer, decided that Charles Maltby's side had the hest of the argument, and that the legislature ought to legalize the suspension of the Bank .*
* ILLINOIS STATE BANK .- It is but recently that the United States has seen a new party-" Greenback party," for short-spring into life, with the avowed object of abolishing the use of gold and silver as measures of value, or money, and substituting for it their fiat money. The older people of our state have bad some experience in this matter, and the few remarks in- troduced here are intended for the generation now starting out into politi- cal life. It is presumed to he known by all, that almost every person re- siding in Illinois about the year 1820 was virtually a bankrupt; that is, he could not pay any debt, however small it was, and despite bis possessing many acres of land, etc., simply because there was no money in the state. Well, it was a glorious time for " fiat" money. and the legislature created it, by chartering a bank, the State Bank of Illinois, without a dollar in its vaults, and wholly on the credit of the state. It was authorized to issue Dotes of various denomin itious, differing from the notes of regular banks only in being made interest-bearing (2 per cent. per annum) and payable by the state in ten years. The bank and its branches, officered by men appointed by the legislature (politicians, of course, and not business men) were directed by law to lend its bills to the people, to the amount of $100 on personal se- curity ; and upon the security of mortgages upon land for larger sums. These notes were to be received in payment of taxes, costs, fees, salaries of officers, etc., and if tendered to a creditor, and by him refused, the debtor could stay the collection of the debt due him for three years by giving per- sonal security. The Solons at Vandalia (nomen et omen) actually believed, that these notes would continue to be worth their face value in gold or silver, and the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States was requested by a resolution of the legislature to receive those notes into the land offices in payment for the public lands. Governor Ford tells an amusing anec- dote ia reference to the adoption of this resolution in the State Senate: " When it was put to the vote in the Senate, the old French Lieutenant- Governor, Col. Menard, presiding over the body, did up the business as follows :- Gentlemen of de Senate, it is moved and secunded dat de notes of dis bank be made land office money. All in favor of dat motion, say aye, all against it, say no. It is decided in de affirmative. And now, gentlemen, I bet you one hundred dollars he never be made land office money. The banks went into operation in 1821, and their officers, finding it easier to leod than to refuse, had soon scattered some $300,000 of their "fiat " throughout the state. It was taken at first at 75 cents per dollar, but soon came duwa to 25 cents. A large number of people who had " borrowed "
49
HISTORY OF DE WITT COUNTY, ILLINOIS.
On the 11th of December, the question :--
" Is it right, in any case to use dissimulation ? "
" Well, George Washington could not tell a dissimulation, and our minutes do not state how the question was decided ; hut from subsequent proceedings one might infer that the discussion was ' spirited ' for a ' By-Law,' creating the responsible position of a prosecuting attorney was enacted that very day, and ('harles Maltby elevated to the place. William Lowry was elected President, and John J. Mc Graw, Secretary for the next four weeks, December 11, 1839. How Democratie ! Rotation in office, 12 times during the year."
The question :-
" Which has been of the greatest advantage to mankind the discovery of the art of printing, or that of the magnetic needle ?"' was mooted on the 18th of December and decided in favor of printing .- Henry Cundiff and Mr. Long acting as judges.
If. Dishon proposed for discussion at the next meeting, on the 27th of December, the question: "Who has been the most imposed upon, the Negro of the United States, or the Indian?" J. W. Sapp and K. H. Fell selected the speakers, to wit :- J. W. Sapp, W. Dishon, F. G. Paine, Dr. Laughlin, Dr. Mc Pher- son, John Lowery and S. M. Richardson for the Indian, and K. H. Fell, W. Lowry, H. Dishon, John J. Mc Graw, J. S. Warfield, William Mitchell and Dr. James Brown, for the Negro. E. W. Fears aud D. Fourdice, acting as judges, gave the follow- ing verdict : " We believe the Indian has been most imposed on."
A much more difficult subject : "Which has the greatest restraint on the minds of mankind, the laws of nature or the laws of man?" was debated on the 3d of January, 1840. Four of the members appointed to speak for the laws of nature dodged the work, leaving it to the care of the three physicians, Laughlin, Brown and Mc Pherson, and they handled the subject well. They were opposed by the Dishons, the probate judge, the clerk, the recorder, hy D. Fourdice and J. S. Warfield, who got worsted, the President deciding in favor of the Doctors.
F. G. Paine was elected President, K. H. Fell, Secretary, and Dan Fourdice, Prosecuting Attorney. It was resolved to devote next Tuesday evening to the trial of those members of the Lyceum who hal disobeyed the Constitution and By-Laws of said Lyceum. The minutes do not state what was done with the criminals
The question : " Which does mankind esteem the highest, wealth or education ?" was discussed on the 16th; Daniel Fonrdice, the valiant, William Lowry, John Lowery, Henry Dishon, the sage, the warlike Warfield and the sarcastic Fell broke their lances in vain for education. John J. Mc Graw and the three doctors, speaking for wealth, laid them out on the sand, 80 declared by F. G. Paine, Harvey Bradshaw and the president, acting as Judges.
Another subject of interest, now and then, as well as hereafter was to be debated at the next meeting. It had been selected hy Dr. Brown, and William Lowry : " Would it, or would it not be better for the people of the United States to aholish all laws now in existence which compel men to pay their contracts? '
The criminals were brought to justice on the 17th of January, to wit : John S. Warfield, E. W. Fears and Dr. Me Pherson, tried on a charge of contempt, and fined each, 12} cents.
from the banks, of course, thought that their transactions with the banks terminated then and there. The idea of repaying was. and remained for- eign to them. The real troubles commenced four or five years later, and the history of the state from then for a period of almost twenty years was a series of financial misery and disaster. All honor to James Vandeventer and H. Dishon (?) the president of the De Witt County Lyceum for their decision.
The Secretary reported an income of $1 25, and the expendi. tures amounted to 81.064, leaving a balauce of 182 cents in the Lyceum's cash box.
" Would it not be better to abolish capital punishment and substitute imprisonment for life ?"'
Strange to say, this que-tion was decided in favor of abolishing capital punishment, although two of the doctors argued in favor of retaining this mode of killing. The discussion came off on the 31st of January ; two new men, Josiah Downen and Mr. Cox acting as judges.
February 6th, 1840, the question :-
" Which is the stronger passion, love or anger ?" was discussed. The doctors, or a majority of them, were on the love part, and were defeated, but a resolution was passed, to discuss this question again at the next meeting-but, alas, there was no next meeting.
The Lyceum may have lived, and been wide awake, but the minutes are silent in regard to all proceedings until January 6, 1841. A meeting was then held, Miles Gray was elected Presi- dent, and Harvey Bradshaw, Secretary. This seems to have been a re-organization of the first Lyceum, many of whose mem- bers re-appear, to wit : J. J. Mc Graw, the three Doctors, Charles Maltby, Harvey Bradshaw, K. H. Fell, J. W. Sapp, William Dishon and F. G. Paine. The Lowry's, Henry Dishon, Dan Fourdice, Sheriff' Fears, and Warfield are missing, while Miles Gray, the old post-master, and Eli Fruit seem to be new mem- bers.
The debates commenced again on the 14th of January, 1841 when it was decided, " That Capital Punishment was justifiable by the laws of justice and humanity." The three doctors had this time been successful.
The next subject for discussion was : " Does the credit system as it now exists, promote the interest of the country or not ?" but the Lyceum had ceased to be; on motion of Dr. Laughlin, the meeting adjourned ! Oh, those doctors !
The Lyceum had ended, but it had become the leaven of a new organization.
" The Adelphic Society of Clinton," founded in November, 1841, by William Lowry, John Wealch, J. J. McGraw, Charles Maltby, W. W. Williams, C. H. Moore, R. Post, and D. New- comb. This society started out with a constitution of Six Articles, subdivided into numerous sections, and supplemented by a large number of by-laws, but the objects sought were those of its dead predecessor. The first question selected for discussion is being discussed to this day, to wit .: " Is the iutemperate use of ardent spirits the greatest evil amongst mankind ?" The doctors were divided ou this question. Dr. Brown, in common with C. H. Moore, J. I. McGraw, and others, argued it was, while Dr. Laughlin, Dan. Newcomb and others, said no. The chair and the judges decided in favor of Dr. Brown. Turning to state- economy, our intellectual pioneers, on the 18th of November, discussed the question : " Have chartered institutions been bene- ficial to our county ?" and proved that they had been beneficial. " Should capital punishment be inflicted ?" This question was decided in the negative; all honor to the judge and jury !
At the next meeting, December 8th, 1841, the question : " Should the internal improvement system of the State of Illinois be abandoned ?" was decided in the negative. At a club meet- ing on the 27th of December, C. H. Moore gave notice that he would offer for adoption at the next meeting the following resolution : Resolved, That it is the opinion of this club, that the signs of the times do not indicate the perpetuity of our re- publican institutions." The club met again on the 30th of
7
50
HISTORY OF DE WITT COUNTY, ILLINOIS.
December, when the above resolution was brought in, and on motion of R. Post, the following amendment to the above reso- lution was adopted, to wit. : strike out the words "republican institutions," and insert " Federal Institutions." The resolu ion thus amended, was after a most animated discussion rejected. There is but one other resolution mentioned in those minutes. It was brought in by William Lowry : " Resolved, That it is the opinion of this club, that immediate measures should be taken to compel the State bank to resume specie payment." The resolution was lost, and so were the minutes of later pro- cecdings of the club.
EARLY MARRIAGES.
William Jones, Polly Cantrall, May 2d, 1839, by Josiah Por- ter, Presbyterian minister. William Clifton, Partheny P'aine, June 13th, 1839, by Robert Henson, M. G. James Brown, Milarea Blount, July 5th, 1839, by Paxton Cummings, M. G. David Hood, Sarah Ann Brown, August 25th, 1839, by J. C. McPherson, M. G. John S range, Naney Scott, August 22d, 1839, by John Montgomery, Justice of the peace. James G. Hobbs, Mary Hay, Sept. 10th, 1839, by John Montgomery, Justice of the peace Thomas Davison, Caty Ann Hoblett, Oct. 10th, 1839, by M. S. Hoblett. Levi Cantrall, E. G. Robb, Oct. 15th, 1839, by Josiah Porter, Pastor of Waynesville. J. D. Morgan, Miss L. Graves, November 10th, 1839, by John Hughes, Justice of the peace Jesse Griffin, Nancy Stipp, November 10th, 1839, by David Montgomery, Justice of the peace. W. Wills, Lydia Hurley, November 14 h. 1839, by Henry Maynard. W. L. Fruit, Isabel C. Glenn, December 31st, 1839, by James Glenn Statistical reports of subsequent marriages are given in the chapter on Civil History-under the sub- head of Land and People.
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