USA > Illinois > Morgan County > History of Morgan county, Illinois : its past and present, containing a history of the county; its cities, towns, etc.; a biographical directory of its volunteers in the late rebellion; portraits of its early settlers and prominent men [etc., etc.] > Part 19
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74.9
Brazii.
10,000,000
.....
3,253,029
3.07
Rio Janeiro.
420,000
Nevada.
112,090
42,491
52,540
593
Washington.
69,944
23.955
New York.
47,000 4,382,759 4,705,208 4,470
North Carolina ..
50,704 1,071,361
1,190
Aggregate of U. S .. 2,915,203 38,555,983
60,852
Delaware.
537,454
820
Tennessee.
45,600
1,258,520
1,520
Kansas ...
81,318
1,350,544 528,349
3.160 1,760
Territories.
Massachusetts.
7,800
1,457,351 1,651,912
1,606
Dakota
147,490
14,181
R. R.
1870.
1875.
1871
241.4
4.2
..
471,838
441.5
1870
166.9
2.1
Asuncion.
Monte Video Comayagua
Nebraska.
828
Kentucky
POPULATION.
216
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION
POPULATION OF ILLINOIS, BY COUNTIES. .
AGGREGATE.
COUNTIES.
1870.
1860.
1850.
1840.
1830.
1820.
Adams
56362
41323
26508
14476
2186
Alexander.
10564
4707
2484
3313
1390
626
Bond.
13152
9815
6144
5060
3124
2931
Boone
I2942
11678
7624
1705
Brown
I2205
9938
7198
4183
Bureau
32415
26426
8841
3067
Calhoun
6562
5144
3231
1741
1090
Carroll
16705
II733
4586
1023
Cass
11580
11325
7253
298 1
Champaign
32737
14629
2649
1475
Christian
20363
1049
3203
1878
Clark
18719
14987
9532
7453
3940
931
Clay.
15875
9336
4289
3228
755
Clinton
16285
10941
5139
3718
2330
Coles
25235
14203
9335
9616
Cook
349966
144954
43385
IO201
Crawford
13889
11551
7135
4422
3117
2999
Cumberland
I2223
8311
3718
De Kalb
23265
19086
7540
1697
De Witt
14768
10820
5002
3247
Douglas
13484
7140
Du Page
16685
I470I
9290
3535
Edgar
21450
16925
10692
8225
407I
Edwards
7565
5454
3524
3070
[649
3444
Effingham
15653
7816
3799
1675
Fayette
19638
III89
8075
6328
2704
Ford
9103
1979
Franklin
I2652
9393
5681
3682
4083
1763
Fulton
38291
33338
22508
13142
I841
Gallatin
III34
8055
5448
10760
7405
3155
Greene
20277
16093
I2429
11951
7674
Grundy
4938
10379
3023
Hamilton
13014
9915
6362
3945
2616
Hancock
35935
29061
14652
9946
483
Hardin
5113
3759
2887
1378
Henderson
12582
9501
4612
Henry
35506
20660
3807
I260
41
Iroquois
25782
12325
4149
1695
1828
1542
Jasper
II234
8364
3220
1472
2555
691
Jersey
15054
I2051
7354
4535
Jo Daviess
27820
27325
18604
6180
2III
Johnson
1248
9342
4114
3626
1596
843
Kane
39091
30062
16703
6501
Kankakee
24352
15412
Kendall
I2399
I3074
7730
7060
274
Lake
21014
18257
I4226
2634
La Salle
60792
48332
17815
9348
Lawrence
I2533
9214
6121
7092
3668
Lee
2717I
17651
5-292
2035
Livingston
31471
11637
I553
759
Logan
23053
14272
5128
2333
Jackson
19634
9589
5862
3566
Jefferson
I7864
12965
8109
5762
Knox
39522
28663
13279
-
*23
217
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
1
POPULATION OF ILLINOIS-CONCLUDED.
AGGREGATE.
COUNTIES.
1870.
1860.
1850.
1840.
1830.
1820.
Macon
26481
13738
3988
3039
1122
Macoupin
32726
24602
I2355
7926
1990
Madison
4413I
3125I
20441
I4433
622I
I3550
Marion
20622
I2739
6720
4742
2125
Marshall
16950
I3437
5180
1849
Mason
16184
10931
5921
Massac
9581
6213
4092
McDonough
26509
20069
7616
5308
(6)
McHenry
23762
22089
14978
2578
McLean
53988
28772
10163
6565
Menard
II735
9584
6349
4431
Mercer
18769
15042
5246
2352
26
Monroe
I2982
I2832
7679
4481
2000
1516
Montgomery
25314
13979
6277
4490
2953
Morgan
28463
22112
16064
19547
I2714
Moultrie
10385
6385
3234
Ogle
27492
22888
10020
3479
Peoria
47540
36601
17547
6153
(c)
Perry
I3723
9552
5278
3222
1215
Piatt
10953
6127
I606
Pike
30768
27249
18819
II728
2396
Pope
II437
6742
3975
4094
3316
2610
Pulaski
8752
3943
2265
Putnam
628
5587
3924
2131
CI310
Randolph
20859
17205
II079
7944
4429
3492
Rock Island
29783
21005
6937
2610
Saline
I2714
933I
5588
Sangamon
46352
32274
19228
I4716
12960
Schuyler
17419
14684
10573
6972
62959
Scott
10530
9069
7914
6215
Shelby
25476
14613
7807
6659
2972
Stark
1075I
9004
3710
I573
*5
St. Clair
51068
37694
20180
13631
7078
5248
Stephenson
30608
25112
II666
2800
Tazewell
27903
21470
I2052
722I
4716
Union
16518
III8I
7615
5524
3239
2362
Vermilion
30388
19800
II492
9303
5836
Wabash
8841
7313
4690
4240
2710
Warren
23174
18336
8176
6739
308
Washington
17599
I3731
6953
4810
1675
1517
Wayne
19758
I2223
6825
5133
2553
III4
White
16846
I2403
8925
7919
6091
4828
Whitesides
27503
18737
5361
2514
Will
43013
2932I
16703
10167
Williamson
I7329
I2205
7216
4457
Winnebago
29301
24491
II773
4609
Woodford
18956
13282
4415
.
*49
Total
2539891
1711951
851470
476183
157445
55162
Richland
12803
97II
4012
*21
PRODUCTIONS OF AGRICULTURE, STATE OF ILLINOIS, BY COUNTIES .- 1870.
Improved Land.
1Other un -1 Woodl'nd improved
Spring Wheat.
Winter Wheat.
Rye.
Indian Coru.
Oats.
JOUNTIES,
Number.
Number. Number.
Busliels.
Bushels.
Bushels.
Bushels.
Bushels.
Total
19.329.952|5,061.578|1.491.331
10.133.207 19.995, 198 2.456.578 129.921.395 42.780.851
Adams ..
287,926|
112,576|
19,370
16,191|
947.616
20.989
1,452,905
759,074
Alexander
13,836
17,761
1,915
700
368.625
6,240
1,064,052
461,097
Boone
137,307
29,886
2,658
241,042
599
35,871
466.985
579.127
Brown
57,062
35,491
25.608
13,276
117.502
4,742
337,769
70,852
Bureau ..
398.611
41,866
15.803
465,236
724
43,811
3,030,404
987,426
Calhoun
37,684
63.443
2,754
75
221,298
'186
234,041
26,231
Carroll
186,864
29,793
33,302
418,073
260
25,721
1,367,965
775,100
Cass ..
92.902
33,493
6,604
12,165
127,054
2.772
1,146.980
168,784
Champaign.
419,368
16,789
58,50₴
102,577
123,091
45,752
3,924,720
721,375
Christian
241,472
19,803
19,173
18,360
504,041
10,722
1,883,336
383.821
Clark
118,594
102,201
5,420
195.118
7,308
614,582
212,628
Clay ..
146,922
80,612
5,225
1,894
85,737
3,221
1,019,994
269.945
Clinton
150,177
48,868
8,722
500
610,888
1,619
813.257
446.324
Coles ..
208,337
45,214
· 3,274
2,651
154,485
8.825
2,133,111
315.954
Cook
348,824
19,635
17,337
144,296
4,904
20,171
570,427
Crawford ..
105,505
78,350
27,185
60
212,924
15,497
581,964
Cumberland
75,342
40,334
5,604
550
84,697 190
21,018
1,023,849
1.087,074
De Witt.
168,539
17,633
106,493!
11,695
11 540
1,311,635
216,756
Douglas
147,633
7,316
7,683
65,461
9,017
1,680,225
225,074
DuPage.
164,874
3,851
106,096
693
7,532
331,981
860,809
Edgar ..
465,458
66,803
14,282
13.283
247,360
37,508
2,107,615
290,679
Edwards.
58,912
57,585
830
77
195,716
19,759
620,247
386.073
Fayette.
187,196
16,786
42,571
1,008
11,577
565.671
154,589
Franklin.
80,749
86,710
365
111.324
5,195
653,209
222,426
Fulton .
123,823
4,076
193,669
223,930
131,711
1,508,763
261,390
Gallatin.
49,572
68,750
2,565
83,093
512
509,491
27,164
Greene ..
175,408
93,242
29,653
21,700
150
4,930
295,971
269.332
Hamilton.
88,996
93,878
3,343
129
92.347
11.672
735,252
203,464
Hancock
311,517
43,385
18.480
181,378
232,750
133,533
1,510,401
579,599
Hardin
28,117
44,771 34,705
14,243
161,112
69,062
35,766
2,541,683
668,367
Iroquols.
322,510
22,478
63,498
57,160
10,480
23,259
430,746
Jackson
78,548
87,642
5,991
890
329.036
524
611,951
149,931
Jasper
90,867
67,023
12,250
87.808
9,165
461,345
149,214
Jefferson .
94,888
778
100,553
5,934
887,981
285,949
Jersey
94,147
1,363
558,367
519,120
71,770
JoDavless.
156,517
45,779
282,758
555
7.185
1,286,326
874,016
Johnson.
57,820
3
79,141
92,191
2,468
343,298
Kane ...
240,120
34,646
399
188,826
325
23.618
674.333
785,608
Kankakee
10,978
10,598
480
12,935
637,399
772,408
Kendall.
14,244
2,283
90,681
1,249
5,163 113,547
2,708,319
787,952
Lake
207,779
24,399
168,914
221
5,870
517,353
699,069
LaSalle
533,724
2,356
271,181
2,193
48,308
3,077,028
Lawrence
87,828
3,273
264,194
1,121
656,363
131,386
Lee ..
322,212
7,409
2,260
14,829
1,656,978
903,197
Livingston
377,505
41,788
1,339
26,163
1,182,696
659,300
Logan ..
321,709
198,056
40,963
37,232
4,221,640
490,226
Macon ..
205,259
9,115
196,613
29,223
2,214,468
454,648
Macoupin
231,059
81,224
7.343
861,398
2,404
1,051,544
459,417
Madison.
257,032
13,675
1,207,181
3,685
2,127,549
Marion.
173,081
4,142
173,652
14,517
1,034,057 389,446
Marshall.
166,057
2.976
900
36,135
1,182,903 362,604
Mason .
209,453
31,013
125,628
49,182
2,648,726
272,660
Massac
25,151
30
72.316
544
133,126
22,097
McDonough.
261,635
14,035|
273,871
52,401
1,362,490
280,717
McHenry.
230,566
57,998
270
29,264
1,145,005
910,397
McLean .
494,978
49,087
211,801
10,955
39,824
3,723,379
911,127
Menard.
134,173
13,952
36,152
45,793
4,283
1,973,880
235,091
Mercer ..
222,809
22.588
289,291
13,203
40,778
2,054,962
452,889
Monroe.
92,810
666
651,767
1,425
543,718
276,682
47,804
8,495|
59
744,891
3,296
1,527,898
Morgan.
293,450
1,376
18,196
357,523
5,535
3,198,835
Moultrie.
144,220
24,783
13,112
17,128
196,436
6,670
1,753,141
263,992
Ogle.
316,883
43.643
14,913
497,038
5,580
157,504
1,787,066
141,540
Peoria.
170,729
48,666|
2,516
92,361
31.843
99.502
969.224
93,754 94,454
68,470 5,978
13,897
26.382
9,248
1,029.725
130,610
Pike
233.785
128,953
9,302
130
1,057,497
1,399,188
161,419
Pope,
55,980
87,754
70,457
315,958
Pulaskl.
19,319
12,516
44,922
'222
195.735
37.271
17,184
4.174
796
7,707
140.764
162,274
450
1,031,022
3,235
510.080
Richland.
75,079
50,618
2.025
150,268
3,401
482,594
276,575
Sallne ..
72,309
70,393
809
83,011
568
531,516
Sangamon
421,748
51.085!
19,932
247.658
23,073
4,388.763
Schuyler
96,195
62,477
56,221
165.724
20,841
440.975 752.771
Shelby.
310,179
9,314
15,526
452,015
23,686
2,082,578
Stark ..
138,129
2,783
124,630
30,534
1,149,878
St. Clair.
2,016
1,562,621
1,008
1,423.121
476,851
254,857
13,701
527,394
2,118
135,362
1,615,679
2,062,053
505,841
Unlon
75,832
5,300
44,806
249,558
52,476
2,818,027
Wabash.
54,063
37.558
509
186,290
5,712
72,212
2,982,853 836.115
533,398
Wayne.
147.352
10,486
266
164,689
8,665
1.179,291 870.521
119.659
Whitesides.
289.809
37.310
457,455
264
31.658
2,162,943
880.838
WILL ..
419,442
24.261
6,335
195,286
1,996|
8,030
1.131,458 655,710
180.986
Winnebago.
241,373
15,237|
408,606
137,985
1,237,406
868.903
Woodford
225,504
25,217
23,135
178,139}
2,468 108,307
20.426
2,154,185
744,581
30
244,220
21,627
Bond.
145,045
42,613
55.852
1.931
672,486
2,576
White.
92,398
869
184,321
418
1,868.682
Williamson
128,448
1,648
176
170,787
6,228
421,361
Warren ..
266.187
27,294
14,583
Washington
177.592
45,268 83,606 53,078
14,846
132,417
72,410
180,231
1,737
679,753
Vermillon.
360,251
31,122
202,201
20,003
1,459,653
69,793 397.718
119.359
Scott
85,331
1,610
18
266,105
930
13,463 637.812
316.726
231,117
76,591 43,167
960.620
Tazewell
229,126
220
350,446 39,762
1.016
384,446
338,760
Knox.
330,829
41,566
25.155
267,764
7,654
865 96,430
1,712,901
229,286
265,904
12,620
31,459
462,379
445
415
1,051,313
64,029
Grundy.
193,999
. 6,256
4,505
107
13
32,306
172,651
26,991
Henderson. Henry
334,502
17,722
6,551
398,059
351,310
25,328
962.525
497,395
Ford.
141,228
63,976
122,703
528
352,371
129,152
Effingham.
120,343
56.330
26,206
93,460
2,996 3,994
577,400
14,798
403,075
1,584,225 136,255 171,880
DeKalb.
29,548 11,897
82,076
74,525
312,182
103,466
164,004
681,267
468,890
21,072 48,117
1.509,642
72,738
12.071 12,462 17,394 18,153
408
55,239 160 550
475,252
89,450 61,579
28,260
106,129 73,261
31,739 33,396 52,547
45,977 83,369
152,251
Montgomery
60,217
198,724
Piatt.
25,303 2.309
67,886
16,511 86,519
204,634
Rock Island.
155.214
31,239
20,755
243,541
2.279
200
89.304
21,294
28,137
334.259
Randolplı
1,170
414,487
44,633 74,908 12,375
2,550
Stephenson
59,027
124,473 436.051 110,793 601.054
404,482
Perry :
53,293
401,790
36,146
40,366
34,931
668,424
334,892
140,954
118,951
51,427
450,793
120,206
799,810
228,132
17,243
146,794 78.167 21,823
116,949 37.238
Putnam
42,658
MORGAN COUNTY.
your Ling Rev. a. P. Hart
FRANKLIN
¢
HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY.
TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY.
(FROM THE SURVEY OF 1870, BY HENRY M. BANNISTER.)
Morgan County is bounded on the north by Cass County; on the east by Sangamon ; on the south by Macoupin and Greene, and on the west by Scott County and the Illinois River. It comprises about fifteen and two-thirds townships, or about five hundred and sixty-three square miles. Nearly or quite one-half of this is well wooded, the remainder is prairie. Besides the Illinois River, which forms a portion of its western boundary, the county is watered by several lesser streams, among which the Indian, Mauvaisterre, Sandy and Apple Creeks may be mentioned as the most important. Nearly all these streams head in the county, and attain considerable dimensions before passing beyond its limits. With their tributaries they afford good water facilities to the residents of the county, and carry off the surplus water in times of freshets.
The county, away from the streams, is, in most part, a gently undu- lating prairie, with a rich, dark colored surface soil, similar in all respects to that in the adjoining regions, and differing but little from the general character of all the prairie soils in this part of the State. On the broken land, along the streams, the soil is generally lighter colored and clayey, and generally bears a heavy growth of black, white, and red oak, with some laurel oak, pin oak, butternut and shell-bark hickory, black walnut, bitternut, white and slippery elm, iron wood, sassafras, hackberry, red bud, soft and sugar maple, linden, and hazel. On the narrow strip of land, which borders many of the streams, in addition to many of the above species, swamp white oak, chinquapin oak, sycamore, paw-paw, and cottonwood are found. In the extreme western portion of the county, the Illinois River is bordered by an extensive tract of bottom land, rang- ing from four to six miles in width at different points. In this bottom, with the exception of a few tracts of low sand ridge, covered with stunted black jack, the soil is a rich, arenaceous loam, which, whenever sufficiently elevated, is one of the best soils in the county. A considerable portion of this bottom, however, is flooded by the river, and certain tracts are so little elevated as to form permanent shallow lakes or sloughs. Along the edges of the bluffs, at their immediate base, there is generally a sandy slope, similar in soil and timber to the sand ridges in the bottom, the material of which is derived from the marly sand of the Loess, of which the bluffs are mainly composed.
The Loess, the most recent of the geological formations after the Alluvium, occurs in this county along the Illinois River bluffs, in which it attains a thickness of from sixty to eighty feet. Back from the bluffs
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HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY.
it rapidly thins out, and is seldom seen extending more than a mile or two up the side ravines, and indeed it frequently disappears entirely within a much less distance. The material is generally an ash or buff colored, marly sand, containing fossil fresh water shells of existing species, here as elsewhere, forming high conical bluffs, which constitute a peculiar feature in the landscape. So resistant is this material to atmospheric influences, that many of the bluffs are crowned by steep mural escarpments of compacted sand, which preserve their shape from year to year, despite the wearing action of the frosts and showers.
The deposits of the Drift extend over nearly the whole surface of the county, their thickness ranging all the way from twenty to eighty or one hundred feet, and at Jacksonville its thickness attains to even one hundred and forty-seven feet. The material of this formation is generally a blue or yellow clay, with occasional seams or strata of quicksand or gravel. Good sections of this formation are, however, rarely met with, both on account of the infrequency of shafts or wells of sufficient depth, and of the frequent lack of reliable information in regard to those wells which have been sunk. In general, however, the brown clays are upper- most, and are underlaid by bluish clays and hard-pan.
Boulders are abundant in all parts of the county, but in this region are seldom of such size as farther north. Many of the transported boulders show polished and striated, or streaked surfaces, on two or more sides, but no such surfaces were observed in any exposures of rock in situ.
The older geological formations which appear in the surface expos- ures of this county, are the Coal Measures and the St. Louis Limestone. Of the former, there is between the uppermost, and lowest exposures a considerable average thickness, it is difficult to state how much, but probably several hundred feet, including the horizon of two or three workable coal seams. Of the St. Louis Limestone only a limited thick- ness of the upper beds is exposed.
THE COAL MEASURES .- This formation underlies nearly the whole county ; the only portion in which it is not the uppermost rock, being a com- paratively limited area along the Illinois bottoms and bluffs. Considerable difficulty is experienced in forming a correct idea of the details of this formation in this county, on account of the wide separation and varying character of the outcrops. The aggregate thickness, however, may be set down as not less than three hundred feet, and probably more. Within this thickness there are at least three, and most probably four, beds of coal of sufficient thickness to be profitably worked.
The only surface outcrops of No. 1 of the Illinois River section are along the Illinois River bluffs near the northern line of the county, in sections 2, 3 and 4, township 16, range 12 west, where it has been worked to a slight extent by drifts driven horizontally into the hillside, and has, at least at one point, been worked by stripping along the outcrop.
The sandstone No. 3, of this section, has been worked to some extent as a building stone, and is exposed in several places along the river bluffs in this vicinity. The other beds are only to be seen at one or two points, and the outcrop of the coal vein itself is every where covered by soil and debris from the beds above.
In the southwest quarter of section 4, township 16, range 11, it is reported that a coal bed occurs a few feet below the bed of Indian
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HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY.
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Creek, which has been worked by stripping during seasons of very low water. A little distance below the point where the coal was said to occur, the geologist observed masses of nodular, argillaceous limestone, which he judged to have been derived from the under-clay of the coal. Still further up the creek, in the northeast part of section 15, he observed an outcrop of reddish, concretionary sandstone, which may perhaps be the equivalent of the sandstone No. 3, in the same section.
A coal bank, situated in the northwest quarter of section 33, township 16, range 12, was for some time worked. The distance from the surface of the ground to the bottom of the coal in the shaft was about twenty-six feet. After passing through fifteen feet of soil and drift clay, about eight feet of dark colored shale and black slate, containing heavy iron- stone concretions are met with, and still under this, the coal-at this point only twenty inches in thickness. The fragments of black slate, which had been thrown out of the shaft, contained few fossils.
A bed of coal, which may possibly be the same as that in the localities already mentioned, is reported to occur in about the center of the western part of section 20, township 16, range 12. The coal is said to occur at a depth of about twelve feet below the bed of Coon Run, where it has been struck by excavations, although it was found impossible to work it on account of the water. The bed of the creek a short distance above this point is composed of rather irregularly bedded, light gray limestone. Below, along the banks and bed of the stream, in the eastern part of section 19, there appears a light colored, shaly limestone in the bed of the stream, and about two hundred yards still farther down the stream, but higher in actual position, heavy beds of a soft, massive, ferruginous sandstone appear in the sides of the ravine. The coal No. 2 of the Illinois River section is worked in this county at one of its typical localities, and probably at several other points. At Neeleyville, on the Wabash railroad, near the western border of the county, this seam of coal immediately underlies the Drift at a depth below the surface, at the principal diggings, of from ten to fifteen feet. A shaft sunk upon the top of the hill a short distance south of the railroad, passed through eighty-five feet of the brown and blue clays of the Drift before reaching the coal. The seam varies from four to four and half feet in thickness, of which about three and one-half feet is available-the remainder being required to be left to support the roof. . In the eastern part of the village a shaly sandstone, varying in color from light reddish to gray, is exposed in the bottom and sides of the ditches along the railroad for a distance of three hundred yards or more. The whole thickness exposed is not over eight feet, and the beds appear to be nearly horizontal.
Other localities, of probably the same vein of coal, are in the north- west corner of section 34, township 16, range 12, and in the southern part of sections 21 and 22 in the same township. In the former of these localities, the coal was worked by drifting into the side of a small ravine. The bed was reported to be about four feet in thickness. This coal bank is about half or three quarters of a mile from McPherson's shaft, already noticed as a locality of the lowest seam of No. 1 of the Illinois River section. Its level is probably from forty to fifty feet above the coal seam opened by the shaft.
In the southern part of section 22 the workings were situated along
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HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY.
the bank of Coon Run for a distance of about half a mile. The coal was worked by horizontal drifts in the side of the bluff, all of which have long been discontinued. The seam is reported to be about three feet in thickness. In the northwest corner of section 18, township 15, range 11, at a point where the Wabash railroad crosses the Mauvaisterre, there is an exposure of thirty feet or more of shaly sandstone and arenaceous shales. The shaly beds may be traced along the stream for a distance of nearly a half mile from the bridge, where they finally disappear, and above this point along the stream, and indeed in the whole northeastern portion of the county, there are no prominent exposures of any of the beds of the older formations.
No. 2 of this section is the bed which is here worked as a building stone. It is extremely soft and easily worked when first taken out, but is said to harden on exposure to the weather. It is considerably used for building purposes in the vicinity. Below the quarry, exposures of shaly sandstone and arenaceous shales occur along the banks of the creek wherever it touches the bluffs which edge the narrow bottom as far as the county line, a distance of about one mile, and probably continue to appear along the lower course of the branch in Scott County. Above the quarry there are no prominent outcrops, although the same beds undoubtedly occur in the hill sides.
Passing southward from this point along the western side of the county, the next exposure of the Coal Measures is on the south side of Sandy Creek in the western part of section 16, township 14, range 11. The outcrop is only of limited extent, and consists of light colored, rather argillaceous shale, overlaid by sandstone. The vertical thickness is, perhaps, four feet. The sandstone is only seen in tumbling masses. Proceeding up the ravine of Sandy Creek, in the bottom of one of the side ravines opening from the northward in the northwest quarter of section 11, township 14, range 11, a large tumbling mass of light colored, brittle limestone is seen, which evidently had not been far removed from its original bed. Similar masses often occur in one or two side ravines of this stream and some of its tributaries in this vicinity, but no good out- crop of beds in place, occur in this part of its course. In the western half of section 9, township 14, range 10, there are exposures of light colored fossiliferous limestone which has been quarried in several places along the bluffs on the south side of the creek. Underneath this limestone at one or two points, a little west of the center of the section, appear exposures of a light colored shale, apparently entirely destitute of fossil remains. The whole exposed thickness of the shale is about ten feet ; that of the limestone is not so easily ascertained, as the exposures are not continuous, and the whole thickness is not exposed at any one place. Judging from the difference of level in the different exposures it would seem to be not less than that of the shale, and probably much more. A little farther up the stream, near the center of the section, at the crossing of the railroads (St. Louis, Jacksonville and Chicago), a shaft has been sunk about half way up the side of the bluff, penetrating the Drift and underlying beds about eighty feet.
No prominent exposures of rock occur on any of the tributaries of Sandy Creek, lying to the southward. The nearest point where they appear is on the left bank of Coal Creek, in the northwest corner of
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section 16, township 14, range 10, where a foot or two in thickness of a light colored, calcareous shale, or shaly limestone, has been laid bare by the wash of the stream in the overhanging bank. The same occurs at several points below along the stream. Farther down the stream, near the center of the south part of section 30, is a coal bank. Here the coal ranges in thickness from three feet eight inches to four feet, and is over- laid at one or two points with decomposing dark slate. Perhaps this is generally the case, but the exposures do not show it well. The limestone No. 1 is well exposed, and the vein of coal has been slightly worked by stripping in one of the side ravines, a little distance below the main coal banks.
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