USA > Illinois > St Clair County > History of St. Clair County, Illinois. With illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 20
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The following are the names of the candidates, and the number of votes each received from the above named voters :
For Governor
Shadrach Bond .
436 votes
Lieut. "
Pierre Menard
262
Wm. L. Reynolds
97
66
Edward N. Cullom
124
Congress
Daniel P. Cook .
396
Jolin McLean
107 66
State Senator
. Wm. Kinney .
294
66
. Wm. Biggs .
252
State Representative . James D. Thomas .
370
¥
=
. Jolin Messinger .
342
. Risdon Moore
240
. Cornelius Gooding
240
"
. Jacob Ogle .
-205
. P. Mitchell
75
=
Sheriff
. Wm. A. Beaird
256
Wm. Biggs, Jr. .
208
. Robert K. Mclaughlin
89
Coroner
Job Badgley
184
Thomas W. Talbott
119
¥
H. Sharp
119
66
. S. Myers .
16
This election closed at three o'clock on Saturday, the third day of .. said election, whereupon it appears that Wm. Kinney is duly elect- ed Senator of the Assembly, John Messinger and James D. Thomas elected Representatives, Risdon Moore and Cornelius Gooding be- ing equal on number of votes, Wm. A. Baird elected as Sheriff, and Job Badgley as Coroner.
THOS. GILLHAM,
Judges.
JAMES ROSE,
JOHN HAYS, Sheriff,
Attest, JOHN HAY, Clerk. Belleville, September 19th, 1818.
Elections lasted from two to three days. Voting took place viva ,voce. County or local elections seem to have interested the people in those years much more than Federal elections. To illustrate which, we shall give here the numbers of votes polled in 1820. The local election took place in August, when 619 voters appeared at the polls, while the Presidential election, in November, brought out but 185 voters.
Up to the date of this election the county had had but one place of election, or poll-Cahokia, from 1790 to 1814, when, on the re- moval of the county-seat to Belleville, the poll was also located there.
The County Court established an election precinct for the town-
73
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS.
ship of Cahokia, poll to be at the house of Auguste Pensoneau-on the 14th of September, 1821. For Chamber township and parts of Ogle and Silvercreek, townships, poll at the house of William Tal- bott, at Lebanon-December 1821. For Manville and Silvercreek June 4, 1822, poll at the house of Joshua Perkins, at New Athens. And for Spring township, with poll at Columbia, May 8, 1824.
The boundaries of these precincts were not accurately defined and we find that in June, 1826, the following order was issued : Chamber township, and parts of Ogle and Silvercreek townships shall form precinct No. 1, with poll at Lebanon.
Manville township and the other adjacent people shall form precinct No. 2, poll at the house of Reuben Lively.
Cahokia and Illinois townships shall form the 3d precinct, voting place at the house of Nic. Boismenne, in Cahokia.
Belleville township to be the 4th precinct, with poll at the court- house.
From this day on, various changes have been made, whenever the county authorities saw proper so to do. We forbear to give the details of those changes, and will merely state that at present the county is divided into sixteen political townships, and that each of these townships forms an election precinct. Our readers will find a more detailed account of these townships or precincts in another chapter of this work, and we shall confine ourselves merely to a re- cital of their names, their population in 1880, and the number of votes cast at the general election of said year, to wit :
INHABITANTS.
VOTES CAST.
Belleville precinct.
17,109
3,415
East St. Louis, ..
9,977
1,805
Athens,
3,823
696
St. Clair,
1,639
294
Centreville,
3,520
640
Mascoutah,
4,944.
890
Cahokia,
1,974
359
Fayetteville,
3,342
607
Lebanon.
3,674
668
Summerfield,
1,676.
305
Caseyville, ..
1,452.
26 4
Richland, ..
3,334
607
('Fallon,.
3,042
553
Prairie du Pont,
1,249.
227
Shiloh
792.
144
French Village,.
539
93
Totals, 62,031
11,581
We have heretofore made the assertion that the population of the county about the year 1800, was larger than the figures given by former authors; the non-voting population of Indians and Negroes are of course not included.
1799. 1st election.
185 votes
1805. 3rd
182 «
1812. 5th
338 "
1818. 7th . «
556
The following is the population of St. Clair county from 1800 to 1880:
1800
1,255
1810
5,007
1820
5,248
1830
7,078
1840
13,631
1850
20,180
1860
37,694
1870
51,068
1880
61,850
The archives in the court house at Belleville give no clue as to 10
the authority upon which the election of January 5, 1799, was held.
The election of 1802 was ordered by the then Governor of the Indiana Territory; the original proclamation is on file in the court-house, in words and figures as follows :
By William Henry Harrison, Esq., Governor and Commauder- in-chief of the Indiana Territory.
A PROCLAMATION.
WHEREAS by my proclamation of the 23d inst. an election for representatives to a general convention was directed to be holden ; In compliance with the wishes of the good people of this Territory, expressed to me in sundry petitions,-
AND WHEREAS it is expedient that the said convention should be assembled as soon as possible,-I have thought proper to appoint, and do by these presents appoint Monday, the 20th of December next ensuing for that purpose, and each and every person who shall be duly returned as a representative to the said convention is re- quired to give his attendance at the Town of Vincennes on the said 20th of December.
Done at Vincennes the 24th of November, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and two, and of the Independence of the United States the twenty-seventh.
In testimony of which I have hereunto set my hand and have caused the seal of the Territory to be affixed.
WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON.
By the Governor, JOHN GIBSON, Secretary.
This document is endorsed as follows :
In obedience to the within writ, an election was held on Tuesday December 7, at the court-house in St. Clair county, when Shadrach Bond, Jean Francois Perrey and John Mordock, Esquires, were elected representatives to the convention.
In testimony whereof, etc., etc.,
JOHN HAYS, Sheriff.
The election of 1805 was held in consequence of a similar pro- clamation which is also on file in original, worded as follows :
Indiana Territory 38:
By William Henry Harrison, Governor, etc., etc.
" WHEREAS by a resolution of the House of Representatives of the 6th of February last, the election held on the 3d day of Janu- ary preceding, for a representative to the General Assembly of the Territory from the county of St. Clair, was deelared null and void, and whereas by an act of Congress, passed at their last session, the county of Wayne is from and after the 30th of June next ensuing to be formed into a separate Territory. Now therefore to the end that the said county of St. Clair may have the proportion of repre- sentatives in the Legislature to which its population entitles it, and that the number of members composing the House of Representa- tives after the 30th day of June next, may be made conformable to the law creating the Indiana Territory, I have thought proper to issue this my proclamation, hereby making known that an election will be held in the county of St. Clair on Monday, the 20th day of May next, for two persons to represent the said county in the House of Representatives for two years, from and after the said 30th of June next, and I do further make known and declare, that from and after the said 30th of June next, the House of Representatives of the said Territory shall consist of seven members."
The proclamation is signed and endorsed as the one above.
The first election held in and for the Territory of Illinois was or- dered by the following proclamation, viz. :
74
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS.
By Ninian Edwards, Governor and Commander-in-chief of the Illinois Territory.
A PROCLAMATION.
WHEREAS by my proclamation of the 14th of March last, elec- tions were directed to be held in the several counties, in order to give the freeholders thereof an opportunity of expressing their wishes relative to the organization of a General Assembly in the Territory.
AND WHEREAS it appears to my satisfaction that a majority of them were in favor thereof, I do hereby order that elections be held in the several counties of this Territory, on the 8th, 9th and 10th days of October next, for the purpose of electing a delegate to Congress, members of Council, and Representatives in the Assem- bly ; the election to be held for the county of Madison at the house of Thomas Kirkpatrick ; for the county of St. Clair at the court- house, in the town of Cahokia ; for the county of Randolph at the court-house, in the town of Kaskaskia ; for the county of Gallatin at Shawneetown ; and for the county of Johnston at the house of John Bradshaw
And I do hereby assign to the county of Madison one Represen- tative, to the county of St. Clair two, to the county of Randolph one, to the county of Gallatin two, and to the county of Johnston one.
Done at Kaskaskia, the 14th day of September, 1812, and of the independence of the U. S. the 37th.
NINIAN EDWARDS.
By order of the Governor, NATHANIEL POPE, Secretary.
The governors of those days used plain coarse paper, no printed forms whatever. The papers had as water mark the name of C. Patch, and the year 1799.
LAND GRANTS IN ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
The bishop of Quebec, in Canada, then New France, in July 1698, granted letters patent to the Seminary of Foreign Missions, at Quebec, for the establishment of a mission for the Tamarois and Kahokias, two Indian tribes in S. W. Illinois. In pursuance of this authority the mission of St. Sulpice was established among said tribes, and a village grew up, called the Holy Family of Caoquias. The missionaries seem to have enjoyed and executed a full control of affairs subject to no power other than their superiors of the Sem inary of Quebec. La Salle, after descending the Mississippi river to its mouth in 1682, had given to the vast valley the name of Loui- siana in honor of King Louis XIV. of France. The first official mentioning of the name, however, occurred thirty years later, when on the 14th of September, 1712, the king of France granted to Antoine Crozat, letters patent to the whole commerce of the country. Disappointed in his expectations of finding precious metals, Crozat surrendered his patent to the crown in 1717. The Duke of Orleans, then regent of France during the minority of Louis XV. estab- lished the Company of the Indies, to whom was granted all Loui- siana, with power to grant away the royal domain. The early records of this state show numerous grants made by this company, and among them one of particular interest for this county ; we give its contents in full.
We, Pierre Duguet de Boisbriant, first lieutenant of the king in the province of Louisiana, Commandant in the Illinois, and Marc Antoine de la Loire des Ursins, principal commissary of the Royal company of the Indies.
On the demand of the missionaries of the Caoquias and Tamarois, to grant them a tract of four leagues squares, in fee simple, with the neighboring island, to be taken a quarter of a league above the
small river of Caokias, situated above the Indian village, and in going up following the course of the Mississippi and in returning towards the fort of Chartres, running in depth to the north, east and south for quantity. We, in consequence of our powers, have granted the said land to the missionaries of Caokias and Tamarois in fee simple, over which they can, from the present, work, clear and plant the land, awaiting a formal concession which will be sent from France by the directors general of the Royal company of the Indies.
At Fort Chartres, this 22d of June, 1722.
Signed, BOISBRIANT, DES URSINS.
This grant was recognized by the French government in August 1743, acting through Mons. Vaudrieul, then governor, and Jalmon, commissary, of the province of Louisiana. Upon this grant the missionaries established their church and village, granting in their turn portions of this large tract of land to settlers. From 1763 to 1778 the territory was under the control of England, then it was occupied by the State of Virginia, which, in its turn ceded the territory to the United States by deed, March 1st, 1784. Neither England nor Virginia interfered with those French grants made to individuals. An act of Congress October 20, 1783, provides for the confirming of all these grants, and instructs the governor of the Western Territory to proceed to the French settlements on the Mississippi to examine the titles of those settlers. Thus originated a class of titles, known as Governor's confirmations. The laws of Virginia granted so-called improvement rights, of 400 acres each, to actual settlers. The Cahokia head of family rights also of 400 acres each, were granted by Congress to every head of family hav- ing resided at Cahokia in the year 1783.
We find in the records of the county a power of attorney given by the inhabitants of the French settlements on the Wabash, to Bartholomew Tardiveau, then judge of the common pleas court at Cahokia, to act as their agent at Congress for the purpose to de- mand and obtain for them the confirmation of their ancient rights and further grants.
The power of attorney is dated October 7, 1787, signed by 51 inhabitants and the following magistrates : Pierre Gamelin, M. Perrot, G. Gibault, pretre; P. Guerre, Paul Gamelin, Jean Tonga, Joseph St. Marie, Antoine Doriette, J. E. Deline, Michel Broulut, Jean Hunot and J. M. P. Legras, first magistrate.
ANTOINE GAMELIN, Notary and Register.
Tardiveau must have been successful. He remained at the seat of government several years, as appears from the records of that period. Congress, on the 3d of March, 1791, made provision for further land grants to settlers at Vincennes and in the Illinois country.
Another land title originated from the so-called militia rights, of 100 acres each, for services rendered as militia men prior to 1790, of which rights not less than 255 were claimed before the clerk of the county in November, 1798.
The records of the county show, that besides those 225 militia rights, there were claimants for 43 Virginia improvement and for about 160 Cahokia head rights, governor's confirmations and Caho- kia court rights. Some individuals were entitled to head and militia rights at the same time, so that there were no more than about 400 individual grantees within the present limits of the county.
These numerous grants, however, did not benefit the many ; they became the source of wealth to a few, who had the means to buy the claims and the foresight to appreciate their value.
The archives of the court-house at Belleville, contain a memoran-
75
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS.
dum book, in the handwriting of a most accurate clerk-John Hay, which gives an almost complete account of those grants, by whom originally owned and to whom subsequently conveyed. The chapter, on " Pioneers and Early Settlers," recites the names of parties who were entitled to head rights, improvement rights, etc., each of 400 acres of first quality land, and the chapter on "Patriotism," gives the muster roll of our militia men, to whom the militia rights, each 100 acres of second quality land, were granted. Mr. John Hay's little memorandum book, commenced November 5th, and closed Novem- ber 30, 1798, gives the names of the few parties, who kept their claims, and also the names of those, who had purchased the rights of others. The lands, which had been granted to about four hun- dred individuals, had passed in less than seven years into the liands of 89 persons, whose names will here appear, as also the quality of lands claimed by them and upon what grounds, on the following :
TABLE.
Claimants and kinds of grants claimed.
NAME.
Cahokia head of family
Governor's Confirmat'ns.
Virginia Improvement
Militia Rights.
Totals.
No. Acres.
Acres.
Acres.
Acres.
Shadrach Bond, Sr
590
400
200
1190
James Garrison, Sr.'s heirs ..
400
400
800
George Atchison.
1200
900
2100
Benjamin Byram's heirs.
400
400
Daniel McCann.
700
700
Henry Cook
100
100
Ettienne Pensoneau .
120
400
100
500
James Moore's heirs ..
800
800
Joseph Harris.
100
100
David Waddle
200
100
300
Alexander Waddle ..
Peter Carterline.
333
333
Joseplı Ogle.
400
400
William Whiteside ..
300
300
Abram Reine's heirs
400
400
Daniel Tolley
400
400
Layton White
400
100
500
James Garrison, Jr.
200
200
Jacob Judy
200
200
Samuel Judy ..
200
200
John Dumoulin
1826
1826
George Lanceford.
200
100
300
William St. Clair.
400
600
1000
Josiah Bleakly ..
400
1200
1000
Leonhard Harnish
772
100
872
John Hay.
400
400
John Cleves Syinmes.
800
400
1200
William Biggs.
100
800
200
1100
Henry O'Hara.
1200
200
1400
Solomon Shook.
400
400
George Valentine ..
400
400
George Hendricks
400
100
500
Nic. Smith's heirs
400
400
Thomas Borer
300
100
400
Benjamin Ogle ..
400
200
200
Jean Francois Perry
1020
500
1520
Isaac West ..
400
400
Christoph Smith's heirs.
200
200
William Scott.
400
400
800
Jolin Short.
200
200
200
200
Shadrach Bond, Jr
100
100
William Turnbull
900
900
Michael L' Onval ..
100
400
400
Jean B. Chartrand
200
200
Pierre Menard
8200
2100
10300
Thomas Mars. .....
100
100
James Garretson
100
100
James Piggott
520
400
200
1120
Levi Piggott
400
100
500
Pierre Zipp, heirs ....
400
400
800
William Arundel
100
100
200
William Atchison
400
400
William Morrison
John Lyle
100
100
Jacob Groots' heirs ......
400
100
500
Joseph Trotier ..
160
160
Nic. Jarrot .....
1198
100
1298
John Rrice Jones
2240
100
. 340
W. McIntosh
3100
700
3800
Enoch Nox. ..
270
270
Leonard Carr
400
400 39700
John Sullivan
400
400
Benjamin Rodgers.
400
100
500
Abner Stallion
400
500
200
700
Larken Rutherford.
400
400
800
Thomas Bradley ..
400
John Capps.
400
100
100
Abraham Eyman
100
100
Joseph Fouchette
160
160
George Demint
100
100
200
Moses Short
200
200
400
John Wheldon
100
100
John Dimpsey
100
300
400
John Murdock
100
400
500
John Porter,
100
100
Daniel Sink
200
200
Totals
57909
13200
25500
96609
A glance at this list of names will show to the reader which nationality had the means to purchase and the foresight to appreciate the values alluded to above. Fully four-fifths of the original grantees were French. Of their three hundred names we find twelve on our list.
It may also be stated here, that ten out of those eighty-nine claimant signed their names by a mark.
LANDS.
The first sale of farm land within the present limits of St. Clair county, made a matter of record, took place on the 5th of February, 1793. Previous transactions have reference to buying and selling of homesteads and dwelling-houses in the villages, and the prices paid are regulated by the value of those houses and improvements. As an illustration of this it may suffice to state that Thomas Brady and Marie Joseph L'Archeveque sold a house and lot in Cahokia, on the 16th of March, 1793, for $25.00, while the house of Joseph Marie sold to Nic. Jarrot on the 30th of March, brought $200.
In the first of the above-mentioned transactions, Joseph Lambert conveyed a 400 acre tract near Sugar-loaf mound, three miles south- west of Cahokia, to Philip Engel for $120. Engel sold this tract, to Nicolas Jarrot on the 12th of March, 1795, for $200. Is is now subdivided into 7 tracts, containing from 8 acres to 131} each, owned by Aggie Lunceford, Anthony Volk, Johanna Miller, Philip Ens- minger, Sebastian Maurer, Frank Horine and Jacob Jung, and is estimated to be worth at least $22,000.
The transactions in farm lands were by no means numerous. Lands could be had for the asking of them, as more fully appears from the remarks herein made about land-grants, head-rights, dona- tions, improvement-rights and militia rights.
March 10th, 1796, Isaac West sells to William Arundel a tract of 400 acres of land, 7 miles south of Cahokia for $125.00.
100
Tobias Brchere
....
James Henderson.
400
400
·
rights.
Canok a Court deeds.
Rights.
-
100
100
John Edgar.
28800
400
10500
400
James Lemen
400 400
Anthony Badgley.
Samuel Kinney.
200
200
120
John Moore
1
100
100
400
James Cramour.
Andrew Kinney ..
The first recorded sale of a militia right 100 acre claim of second quality land took place on the 7th of January, 1796, sold by Joseph Chennie of Cahokia, to William Arundel for $17.00. John Brady sells his militia right for $16.00. Joseph La Plant for $15 50, Au- gustin Clermont for $12.00, from which it would appear that second quality lands, unimproved, were worth about 15 cents per acre at the close of the last century.
76
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY, ILLINOIS.
The so-called head-rights, or family rights, containing 400 acres each, do not show this uniformity in price.
The two mentioned above, and another one sold by M. Lambert for $170 seem to have brought the best prices. Thomas Brady sells his head-right to W. Arundel in 1794 for $45.00, and William St. Clair bought the head-rights from Joseph Boisvenne and Mary Mooney for $20 each. These are the only original claims conveyed by formal deeds, and they seem to have had at the time mentioned an average value of 20 cents per acre.
The organization of Randolph county in 1795, of Madison, Galla- tin, and Johnson, in 1812, and of Monroe in 1816, reduced the county of St. Clair to its present boundaries, containing six hundred and sixty-five square miles, bounded on the north by Madison, on the east by Clinton and Washington, on the south by Randolph and Monroe, and on the west by the Mississippi river.
The earliest subdivisions of the county have not been made a matter of record.
At the close of the century in 1798, six townships are mentioned, viz. : Cahokia, Turkey Hill, Clinton Hill, l'Aigle, Fountain and Goshen.
In 1816, however, by order of the county court, May 16, the fol- lowing nine townships were established.
CAHOKIA.
Beginning at the bluff on the Madison county line, thence west on the said line to the Mississippi, thence southwardly with said river to the boundary line of Monroe county, thence east to the bluff, thence north ward with the bluffs to the place of beginning.
OGLE TOWNSHIP.
Beginning on the bluff on the Madison line, thence east on said line to Silver creek, thence down Silver creek to the mouth of Hays' ereek, thence in a direct line to Jacob Ogle Esquire. so as to include Ogle in said township, thence in a direct line to Hendricks, so as to include Hendrick in said township.
TURKEY HILL TOWNSHIP.
Beginning at the mouth of Hazel creek, thence down Silver creek to William Rittenhouse, thence in a direct line to Turkey Hill near William Scott, Sr., thence with the Meridian line to Jacob Ogle, Esquire.
CLINTON HILL TOWNSHIP.
Beginning at Turkey Hill, thence west to the bluffs, thence up the bluffs to Ogle township.
SPRING TOWNSHIP.
Beginning at the Bluff, thence with the bluff to Monroe line, thence with said line to the waters of Prairie du Long, thence down Prairie du Long to the mouth of Richland creek, thence up the Richland to the Base line, thence with the Base line to the be- ginning.
SCOTT TOWNSHIP.
Beginning at W. Rittenhouse on Silver creek to the mouth of said creek and down Kaskaskia river to Randolph line, thence with said line to Spring township line, thence with said line to the mouth of Richland creek, thence up Richland creek to the base line, thence with the base line to Turkey Hill, thence with the Turkey Hill township line to the beginning.
CHAMBER TOWNSHIP.
Beginning at Madison line on Silver creek thence with said line to Looking-Glass Prairie, thence down said Prairie with the road
leading from Fort Chamber to Sugar creek, thence with said road to Ead's old mill on Silver creek.
SILVER CREEK TOWNSHIP.
Beginning at Ead's old mill on Silver creek, thence down Silver creek to the mouth and down Kaskaskia river to the county line so as to include all the inhabitants east of the Kaskaskia river within the line of the county, following said line to the south-east corner of Chamber township to the place of beginning.
SUGAR CREEK TOWNSHIP.
Beginning at the settlement on Sugar creek and all eastwardly below the Madison line.
After the organization of the State of Illinois, another subdivision of the county into political townships was had on the 20th of June, 1820, with the following result :- Cahokia, Illinois, Ogle, Belleville, Spring, Turkey Hill, Scott, Manville, Silver Creek and Chamber townships.
At a later period these political townships became election pre- cincts. The reader will find a full description of these townships, or election precincts, under the heading "Elections," in this chapter.
COUNTY OFFICERS.
Administration of the Affairs of the County.
The civil government of the county since its organization, April 14, 1790, was entrusted to Jean Baptiste Barbeau, John Dumoulin, James Piggott, Shadrach Bond, Philip Engel, Jean Baptiste Sau- cier and George Atchison, Esquires and Justices, and as such, members of the court of common pleas. On the 28th of September, 1795, Governor Arthur St. Clair appointed William St. Clair in the place of Jean Baptiste Barbeau. William St. Clair officiated also as probate judge, and Dumoulin usually presided at the sittings of those justices, until 1802, when his name ceases to ap- pear. Dumoulin died in 1805.
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