USA > Illinois > Newspapers and periodicals of Illinois, 1814-1879 > Part 13
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WESTERN CITIZEN, July, 1842-October, 1853+ : A temperance and anti-slavery paper edited by Zebina Fastman and Asa B. Brown, 1842-1845; Eastman and Davidson, 1845-1849; Eastman and McClellan, 1849-1852; Mr. Eastman, with Hooper Warren as associate, 1852-1853. This was the organ of the Liberty Party in Illinois, and successor to the Genius of Liberty, the subscription list of which paper it took over. See Lowell, Genius of Liberty and Genius of Universal Emancipation; also Alton, Truth Seeker. In 1853 the name was changed to AEHF
FREE WEST, +December 1, 1853-July 19, 1855+: Edited by E. Goodman, Hooper Warren, and Zebina Eastman. Although the paper was announced in Western Citizen of October 18 to begin October 25, it did not appear until December I. The names of the editors are not printed after the issue of October 12, 1854, until November 23, when Z. Eastman is given as editor and publisher, E. Goodman and H. Warren associate editors. Their names disappear in the issue of July 12, 1855. The last issue announced that the paper would be merged with the Tribune. Established as the avowed organ of the Freedom Party of Illinois ; beginning with the issue of November 23, 1854, the paper carried the statement that "this journal does not profess to be the organ of any party or sect." It was strongly anti-slavery, however. H YOUTH'S GAZETTE, May-July 23, 1843: Edited by Kiler K. Jones. It was "devoted expressly to the interests of the youth of the west." Eight numbers were issued, weekly. H
BETTER COVENANT, +1843-1847 : A religious paper, established at Rockford ; taken soon to St. Charles and thence to Chicago, being published at Rockford and St. Charles from January 6, 1842, to April 6, 1843. Edited by Rev. Seth Barnes, 1843-1844; Rev. William Rounseville and Cyrus B. Ingham, 1844-1845; Mr. Ingham, 1845-1847. In 1847 it was sold to John A. Gurley of the Star of the West, Cincinnati, Ohio. Issued weekly. (See Better Covenant, Rockford and St. Charles.) H
DEMOCRAT ADVOCATE AND COMMERCIAL, ADVERTISER, February 3, 1844-1846: Publishers and proprietors were Messrs. Ellis and Fergus; nominally without an editor. It was the corporation paper, 1844-1845. UF
GEM OF THE PRAIRIE, May 29, 1844-1852+: A literary paper edited by Kiler K. Jones and James S. Beach, 1844-1845; J. Campbell and T. A. Stewart, 1845; T. A. Stewart, 1845-1846; Mr. Stewart and James Kelly, 1846-1850; Messrs. Scripps and
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Stewart, 1850-1852, with Stewart, Waite and Company as publishers. It was devoted to literary miscellany and infor- mation. In length of life it surpassed all other early periodicals of predominantly literary tone. Its motto was "To please be ours." In 1847 the proprietors, in order to meet a growing demand for news alone, established the Chicago Daily Tribune, as an offshoot to the Gem of the Prairie. The latter paper was continued under the same name until 1852, when it was merged in the Tribune, and published as the Sunday edition of that paper, with the title Chicago Sunday Tribune. HUF
ILLINOIS MEDICAL AND SURGICAL JOURNAL, 1844-1846+ : This was the first medical journal issued in Chicago. Edited by Dr. James V. Z. Blaney, in the interest of Rush Medical College, and printed by Ellis and Fergus, 1844-1846. It was a monthly paper, 1844-1846; bi-monthly, 1846- -. In 1846 the Journal was christened
ILLINOIS AND INDIANA MEDICAL AND SURGICAL JOURNAL, +1846- 1848+: Its editors were Drs. Blaney, Daniel Brainard, William B. Herrick, and John Evans. It was published in Chicago by Ellis and Fergus and in Indianapolis by C. B. Davis. In 1848 the paper became known as the H
NORTHWESTERN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL JOURNAL, +1848-De- cember, 1857+ : It continued under the same editorial manage- ment, but was published in Chicago by William Ellis and in Indianapolis by John D. Defrees. In 1849 W. B. Herrick and John Evans appeared as editors with J. W. Dugan, Chicago and Indianapolis, as sole publisher. The subsequent year John Evans and Edwin G. Meek comprised the editorial staff, with C. A. Swan as printer. In 1851 the same editors appear with James L. Langdon, Chicago and Indianapolis, as printer. In 1852 John Evans was editor, and Langdon and Rounds printers. In this year another new series was commenced, being issued monthly. W. B. Herrick was editor, assisted by H. A. Johnson, with Ballantyne and Company as printers. Dr. N. S. Davis became editor in May, 1854, with Dr. Johnson assistant, and A. B. Case, publisher, who in 1856 was succeeded by Robert Fergus. In 1857 Dr. Davis was sole editor, Barnet and Clarke printers. The December number, 1857, terminated the maga- zine under the name of the Northwestern Medical and Surgical Journal. It was continued as the HJ
CHICAGO MEDICAL JOURNAL, +1858-September, 1875+: Daniel Brainard was publisher in 1859 and 1860, and the Journal was monthly. In 1869 it was semi-monthly. J. Adams Allen, M.D., LL.D., was editor at that date; C. N. Goodell, publisher. The
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periodical was still devoted to the interests of Rush Medical Col- lege. J. Adams Allen and Walter Hay, M.D., were editors, 1870-1875; W. B. Keen, Cooke and Company, publishers. The Journal became the HJ
CHICAGO MEDICAL JOURNAL AND EXAMINER, +September, 1875, to date (1884) : William H. Byford, A.M., M.D., became editor in 1876; the Chicago Medical Press Association, publishers. The Journal had the same editor and publishers in 1880; in 1882 N. S. Davis, M.D., James Nevins Hyde, M.D., and Daniel R. Brower were editors. Monthly. HJ
DAILY JOURNAL, April 22, 1844 to date : A Whig paper at first issued by an editorial committee appointed by the company that pur- chased the Express. Edited and published by Richard L. Wil- son and J. W. Norris, 1844-1845; Mr. Wilson and Nathan C. Geer, 1845-1847; Mr. Wilson, 1847-1849; Charles L. Wilson, 1849-1851; R. L. and C. L. Wilson, 1851-1853; R. L. and C. L. Wilson and C. H. Morris, 1853-1854; Messrs. Wilson, 1854- 1856; C. L. Wilson and C. H. Pierce, 1856-1860. John L. Wilson became a member of the firm in 1861. Charles L. Wil- son died in 1878; John R. Wilson became connected with the paper and later became publisher. Charles L. Wilson was suc- ceeded as editor by Andrew Shuman. Mr. Shuman was editor from 1861 to 1864, and again from 1878 to 1888; W. K. Sullivan, 1888. In 1893 the paper was sold to Dr. S. F. Farrar, who formed a company with himself as president and treasurer, Slason Thompson, editor, J. R. Wilson, publisher. There was, beside the daily and weekly, a tri-weekly edition which was con- tinued until after 1881. For a number of years John C. East- man has been editor, the Chicago Journal Company, publishers. Until after 1881 the paper was listed as Republican; it is now Independent. It is now called Evening Journal. EDACNSUHF GARLAND OF THE WEST, 1845: It was projected by Robert N. Gar- rett and Nelson W. Fuller. But one copy seems to have been issued, that of July 30.
DAILY NEWS, latter part of 1845-January 6, 1846: A liberty paper managed by Eastman and Davidson, with S. W. Chapel assistant editor. This was the first daily issued without a weekly edition. SPIRIT OF TEMPERANCE REFORM, 1845: Started by J. E. Ware. It soon died.
VOLKSFREUND, 1845-1848: The pioneer German paper of Chicago. Edited by Robert B. Hoeffgen.
WESTERN (LITERARY ?) MAGAZINE, October, 1845-October, 1846: The first literary magazine published in Chicago, was first issued in October, 1845, by Rounseville and Company. In the belief
1
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"that the western people were able and willing to support a mag- azine of their own," William Rounseville undertook the develop- ment of western literary talent. His hopes were not fully realized and he sold the magazine after the publication of ten numbers. John J. Moon, the purchaser, published but two numbers, be- ginning September, 1846. H
ARIEL, 1846: Published for a short time with Edward Augustus as editor and C. H. Boner as publisher.
DAILY CAVALIER, 1846-1847: Edited by Robert Wilson. For six weeks Rev. William Rounseville was editor. A one-cent paper. DOLLAR WEEKLY, 1846: Issued three or four months by William Duane Wilson.
LIBERTY TREE, 1846-1848: Issued by Eastman and Davison, with Zebina Eastman as editor. A monthly.
MORNING MAIL, 1846-1847 : Edited by Rev. William Rounseville. H VALLEY WATCHMAN, 1846-1847: Published by J. McChesney.
WESTERN HERALD, 1846-1847+: A weekly anti-slavery, anti- masonic, temperance paper, and advocate of the Society of Friends, edited by Rev. J. B. Walker and B. F. Worrall. Changed to H
HERALD OF THE PRAIRIES, +1847-1849+ : Edited by Rev. J. B.
Walker and B. F. Worrall, 1847-1849. In 1848 James Shaw was assistant editor. The paper was "devoted to the promotion of practical religion, the maintenance of essential truth, and the advancement of the benevolent enterprises of the age." J. Am- brose Wight and William Bross bought the office and material and changed it to
PRAIRIE HERALD, +1849-1853+: Rev. G. S. F. Savage, of St. Charles, Ill., and Rev. A. L. Chapin of Beloit, Wis., were appointed corresponding editors. Mr. Wight was sole editor, 1851-1853. From 1846 to 1853 the paper enunciated the doctrines of the New School Presbyterians and the Congregationalists. Changed to F CONGREGATIONAL HERALD, +1853-1861: Edited by Rev. John C. Holbrook, 1853-1854; Rev. Holbrook and Rev. N. H. Eggleston, 1854-1856; several editors from 1856 to 1857; Rev. H. L. Ham- mond, 1857 -- (?). The Herald advocated the establishment of the Chicago Theological Seminary. EF
COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER, 1847-1858: Edited by Alfred Dutch, who was instrumental in obtaining the grant of lands from Congress for the Illinois Central Railroad. The Advertiser op- posed the Maine law. It was issued irregularly. Weekly to 1849, when it became daily with a weekly edition. HAEF
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NORTHWESTERN EDUCATOR AND MAGAZINE OF LITERATURE AND SCIENCE, January, 1847-1849: A monthly, edited and published by James L. Enos and D. I .. Curtiss. In the issue of February, 1849, James L. Enos is given as editor and publisher. He writes editorially in that number concerning the influence of the Edu- cator: "It was commenced under the most unfavorable circum- stances, in a country where no like publication had ever circu- lated, where the people were comparatively little imbued with a love for education - or at least, that inculcated by professional teachers - and with the privations incident to a new country pressing heavily upon them; yet, notwithstanding these diffi- culties, the influence of the Educator has steadily increased, and within the last three months the circulation has nearly doubled." The objects of the magazine were to expose the dangers of fal- lacious theories of education, and to set forth and to defend the true principles of instruction. Vol. III, no. 2 owned by Frank S W. Scott, Urbana, Illinois.
PORCUPINE, winter of 1847-1848: Edited by Charles Bowen and Thomas Bradbury.
TRIBUNE, 1847 to date: Established by Joseph K. C. Forrest, James J. Kelly and John E. Wheeler. Messrs. Forrest and Kelly very early retired and Thomas A. Stewart became editor. In 1847 the Gem of the Prairie was absorbed by the Tribune and became the Sunday edition of that paper. The Tribune was managed by Wheeler, Stewart and Scripps, 1848- 1851; T. J. Waite, manager, Wm. Duane Wilson, editor, 1852-1853. Gen. Wilson's interest was purchased by March 23, 1853, Henry Fowler, Timothy Wright and Gen. J. D. Webster. On June 18, 1853, Joseph Medill came from Cleve- land and purchased a share in the paper, whereupon the issue was made under the auspices of Wright, Medill, and Company, and Stephen J. Staples is specified in the directory for 1853- 1854 as assistant editor. On July 21, 1855, Thomas A. Stewart retired from the partnership, and September 23, Dr. C. H. Ray and J. C. Vaughn were editors. At the same time Alfred Cowles became a member of the firm, which was then composed of Messrs. Medill, Ray, Wright, Webster, Vaughn, and Cowles. Under the vigorous influence of Dr. Ray the paper soon became of primary importance in Chicago and Illinois. It was one of the first to endorse the formation of the Republican party in Illinois, and did much to bring about the successful organiza- tion of that party, and the nomination and election of Lincoln in 1860. March 26, 1857, Mr. Vaughn withdrew and the part- nership name became Ray, Medill, and Company. In 1858 the Tribune, being consolidated with the Daily Democratic Press, was known as the Press and Tribune, issued by the proprietors
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of both papers (see Democratic Press). In 1861 the word Press was dropped and the Tribune Company was organized. Scripps, Bross, Ray, Medill, and Cowles were the principal stockholders. In 1861 the Tribune absorbed the Democrat. In 1866 Horace White, who had previously been connected with the paper and had acquired the stock of Mr. Scripps, became editor. He was succeeded in 1874 by Joseph Medill. Under White the Tribune had supported Horace Greeley, but Medill brought it back into the Republican fold, where it has remained, though manifesting a considerable independence.1 Mr. Medill died in March, 1899, and was succeeded as editor by R. W. Patterson, who was editor until his death, on April 1, 1910. The Tribune has been since 1908 in direct charge of Medill McCormick. It has been a daily from its beginning. For many years it had also semi-weekly, tri-weekly, and weekly editions, all of which have been discontinued. The file at the office of the Tribune is complete from about 1860. File, 1861-1876, in Boston Athenæum.
EWDNACSUHF WATCHMAN OF THE PRAIRIES, 1847-1853+ : First weekly Baptist newspaper published in Chicago. It strongly opposed slavery. Edited by Rev. Luther Stone and published by Messrs. Walker and Worrall, of the Western Herald (which see). In 1849 Wight and Bross became its publishers. In 1853 Mr. Stone sold the paper to Dr. J. C. Burroughs, Levi D. Boone and A D. Tits- worth, and it became the H
CHRISTIAN TIMES, +August 31, 1853-1865+ : Mr. Burroughs was the chief and H. J. Western and A. J. Joslyn assistant edi- tors. November 24 of the same year the paper was sold to Rev.
1 The Tribune followed closely the lead of Greeley and the New York Tribune in urging, immediately after the defeat of General Scott for the presidency in 1852, that the Whig party had lost its usefulness; and, after the Kansas-Ne- braska bill had been passed in 1854, took the lead in the West, as Greeley and the New York Tribune did in the East, in agitating a union, in the Republican party, of all anti-slavery and anti-Nebraska elements.
"In 1856 I made as strong a fight for Fremont as was in my power," Medill wrote, "worked for Abraham Lincoln against Stephen A. Douglas for senator in 1858; printed verbatim the great debates in which these two men were engaged, and in 1859 began pushing Mr. Lincoln for the presidency."
In 1860 the Tribune put forth every effort for the nomination and election of Lincoln, and after war broke out, was the most influential Union newspaper west of New York City. It urged Lincoln to issue an emancipation proclamation, opposed Johnson's reconstruction policy, upheld the impeachment proceedings, defended the reconstruction acts of Congress, and supported Grant in 1868. Under Horace White the Tribune was vigorously opposed to a policy of extremely high protective tariffs, and not until 1874, when Medill secured control and the editor- ship, did it support the prevailing policy of the dominant party. Under Medill it was for many years a high-tariff paper, but it has long occupied a position of great independence in both local and national affairs, and has gained, especially under the editorship of Robert W. Patterson, a wide independent following.
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Leroy Church and Rev. J. A. Smith, the latter becoming editor. In 1854 Mr. Smith sold his interest to Mr. J. F. Childs and the proprietary firm became Church and Childs. In 1855 Mr. Church became sole proprietor. The copy for February 2, 1854, volume 1, number 23, contains correspondence in relation to the origin of Shurtleff College, which tends to show that J. M. Peck was given much of the credit due to Hubbell Loomis, who did a large amount in laying the foundations of the college in Alton while Peck was at Rock Spring. With vol. 13, Aug- ust or September, 1865, the Christian Times, by the absorption of the Wl'itness of Indiana, became FH
CHRISTIAN TIMES AND WITNESS, +1865-1867+ : J. A. Smith and Leroy Church were editors, Church and Edward Goodman, pub- lishers. In 1867 Goodman brought a half interest and the name was changed to
STANDARD, +1867 to date: A Baptist church publication. The editors and publishers were as follows: J. A. Smith, D. D., editor, Church and Goodman, publishers and proprietors, 1869- January, 1875. J. A. Smith , D. D., and J. S. Dickerson, D. D., editors, and Goodman and Dickerson, publishers, 1876; Good- man and Dickerson, publishers, 1877-1880; J. S. Dickerson and R. N. Van Doren, editors, and Goodman and Dickerson Company, publishers, 1907. AHCUW
AMERICAN ODD FELLOW AND MAGAZINE OF LITERATURE AND ART, August, 1848 --- (?): Monthly. This was the first organ of secret societies in Chicago. Edited by J. L. Enos and Rev. William Rounseville; published by James L. Enos and Com- pany. Vol. I, no. I, owned by Frank W. Scott, Urbana, Illinois. FIELD PIECE, June 14 till Fall, 1848: A Whig campaign paper supporting Taylor and Fillmore. Edited and published by R. L. Wilson NF
FREE SOIL BANNER, April-November, 1848: A campaign paper issued by the Western Citizen to support Van Buren and the Free Soil party.
ILLINOIS STAATS-ZEITUNG, April, 1848 to date: Established by Robert Bernhard Hoeffgen. He was soon succeeded as editor by Dr. Hellmuth; Arno Voss, 1848-1849; Herman Kriege, 1849-1850; Geo. Schneider with Mr. Hoeffgen as manager, 1850-1852; Schneider and Hillgaertner, 1852-1854; Schneider and Schlaeger, 1854. Subsequently H. Beinder and Daniel Hertle became incorporated with the editorial staff, but Mr. Schneider was the animating spirit. At first it was a weekly, but under Mr. Kriege it was made a semi-weekly and then tri-
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weekly. In 1851 Mr. Schneider made it a daily. In 1854 the publication of the Sonntag Zeitung was begun. In 1862 Schneider sold his interest to Lorenz Brentano, who became editor. A. C. Hesing became sole owner in 1867; Herman Raster became editor, and remained in that position until 1891, when he was succeeded by William Rapp. Hesing was succeeded in the management by his son, Washington Hesing. By 1874 the Sunday edition had been changed to Der Westen. The Illinois Staats-Zeitung Company were editors and publishers, and in politics the paper was Independent. In 1881 the weekly edition and Der Westen were listed as Independent, the daily edition as Independent-Republican. By 1907 the Sunday edition had been changed to Westen Und Daheim. Since then the daily, Sunday, and weekly editions have been Independent- Republican. The Illinois Publishing Company are publishers. The entire stock of this company, which was owned by Mrs. Herman Raster and Richard Michaelis, is owned at present by Walter R. Michaelis1 and Horace L. Brand. The Staats-Zeitung was active in urging the movement which resulted in the forma- tion of the Republican party. It strenuously opposed the Kansas- Nebraska Bill and the extension of slavery. ENAHUC
LADY'S WESTERN MAGAZINE, December, 1848-1849: Edited by Benjamin F. Taylor and J. S. Hurlbut: published by Charles L. Wilson. Mr. Taylor, the editor-in-chief, was a man of real literary genius, but did not command sufficient business resources to continue the paper long. It was established in imitation of several "ladies' magazines" published in New York and Philadelphia.
NEW COVENANT, 1848-1880+ : A Universalist church publication. Edited by Rev. W. E. Mauley and Rev. J. M. Day, 1848-1849; S. P. Skinner, 1849-1855; L. B. Mason, 1855-1859, D. R. Liv- ermore, 1859-1869. According to Mr. Boss, Mrs. Mary Liver- more was "real editor" during the period, 1859-1869. In May 1869, Rev. J. W. Hanson, D.D., and Rev. Selden Gilbert became owners. In September of that year, the Northwestern Univer- salist Publishing House became the publishers, with J. W. Han- sen, D.D., as editor and Mr. Gilbert, business manager. In October, 1871, Dr. Hanson became both manager and editor. Rev. W. A. Start was business manager for 1874, but in 1875 Dr. Hanson was again manager and editor. He remained so until 1883, with the Northwestern Universalist Publishing House continuing as publishers. The Star of the West of Cincinnati was consolidated with the New Covenant in 1880, the name be- coming Star and Covenant, and the publication being continued 1 Walter R. Michaelis, editor and part owner, died August 6, 19TO.
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in Chicago. In December, 1883, the Universalist Publishing House of Boston bought the paper and changed its name to Universalist. In May, 1884, Rev. J. S. Cantwell became editor and was still so in 1886. WHCEF
NORTHWESTERN JOURNAL OF HOMOOPATHIA, October, 1848-1852 :
Monthly. Edited and published by Dr. George E. Shipman. Printed by Whitmarsh and Fulton. It was mainly filled with translations by the editor from various foreign journals and with original papers from his own pen. "Its object was to set forth the principles of homoeopathy and to defend and confirm the views of such physicians as had undertaken its practice." JH
WESTERN FARMER, 1848 to date (1869): A weekly agricultural paper. It was dated for Madison, Wisconsin and Chicago in 1869. W. B. Davis was editor and publisher in that year.
CHICAGO DOLLAR NEWSPAPER, March 17, 1849 --- (?): A paper edited by James R. Bull. Devoted to literature, news, and agriculture. The Chicago Dollar Weekly of this date is men- tioned by Mr. H. R. Fleming as "a literary journal of merit." F TEMPERANCE, BATTLE-Ax, part of 1849: Edited by Charles J. Sel- lon and D. D. Driscoll.
COMMERCIAL REGISTER, 1850: Issued by J. F. Ballantyne. Short- lived.
DEMOCRATIC ARGUS, August, 1850- - (?): Issued daily and weekly by B. F. Seaton and W. W. Peck.
ECLECTIC JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND LITERARY REVIEW, June, 1850-April, 1851 : Appeared monthly ; edited by O. F. Bartlett. In April, 1851, Dr. N. S. Davis became editor. and with that number publication ceased. H
CHRISTIAN ERA, 1852: An unsuccessful paper published by Rev. Epaphras Goodman.
DAILY DEMOCRATIC PRESS, 1852-July, 1858+ : Edited by John L. Scripps and William Bross. In 1854 the firm became Scripps, Bross and Spears (Barton W.). At first it was a non-partisan paper but in 1857 it began expounding the principles of the Republican party. A weekly edition also was issued. July 1, 1858, the Press was consolidated with the Tribune. WHCAEF
DAILY EXPRESS AND COMMERCIAL REGISTER, 1852 -- (?): An Independent commercial penny paper edited by J. Q. A. Wood and W. J. Patterson.
WEEKLY EXPRESS, 1852-1853: Conducted by J. F. Ballantyne and Company. Continued about a year.
FRIHED'S BANNERET, 1852-1853: First Norwegian paper published in Chicago. Edited by Mouritzon and Kjoss.
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LITERARY BUDGET, 1852-1855+ : Published monthly by William
Weaver Danenhower, a bookseller, who established the paper as a medium for the advertising of books and periodicals. After seven monthly issues it was changed, January 7, 1854, to a weekly, with Benjamin F. Taylor as editor. T. H. Whipple appeared as associate editor in the same year. In its weekly form the Budget grew into a "literary journal of distinct merit," concen- trating its attention upon matters concerning the West. It states editorially, "A new field is open to authorship. . . The West is full of subject-matter for legend, story or history. All that is lacking is a proper channel. This channel we offer. The Budget claims to be a western literary paper, and we invite writers to send us articles on western subjects, for publication." The paper was continued until 1855. In the summer of that year Mr. Danenhower "became state leader of the 'Native American' or 'Know-Nothing' party, which had during the year preceding carried two eastern commonwealths and had shown strength in the middle states. He announced that the Budget would 'close its existence,' that he would 'launch his bark' once more, and that his numerous readers would receive the Weekly Native Citizen. As a spokesman of the reaction against the immigration due to the Irish famine and the continental revo- lutions of 1848 and 1849, he wrote vehemently. With the Budget's last breath he said: 'We trust that our future exertions will be such as to exemplify to the world that the pure fire of American sentiment is sweeping over our vast prairies; that hereafter America shall and must be governed by Americans.''1 H
DAILY NATIVE CITIZEN, +1855- -- (?) : A Weekly Native Citizen was projected as the successor of Literary Budget. Evidence has not been obtainable to prove that this paper was actually published W. W. Danenhower who was to be the editor and pub- lisher of the weekly, issued the daily, for at least six months. F
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