USA > Illinois > Will County > Souvenir of settlement and progress of Will County, Ill. A review of the lives of our presidents, political, military and commercial history of the United States and of the state of Illinois Business directory of Joliet Comp. specially for the people of the county > Part 4
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61
UNITED STATES HISTORY.
circumstances as these that the first Republican Convention was held at Philadelphia, June 17, 1856. At that conven- tion, in addition to Fremont, John McLean, of Ohio, Charles Sumner and William H. Seward received votes for Presi- dent, while Abraham Lincoln, David Wilmot and Charles Sumner were voted for for Vice-President.
The American or Know-Nothing party had at this time gained a stronghold in many of the States, and held its National Convention in Philadelphia, February 22, 1856, at which all the States were represented except Maine, Ver- mont, Georgia and South Carolina. Many Whigs became identified with this movement. Millard Fillmore was chosen the candidate of the convention for President, and Andrew Donelson, of Tennessee, for Vice-President. In this same eventful convention year the Whigs held their convention in Baltimore, September 17. But the glory of the Whig party had departed, and the Baltimore convention unani- mously ratified the ticket of the American party, Fillmore and Donelson, and was humiliated by the result that that ticket only received eight votes in the Electoral College- the vote of the State of Maryland alone.
The year 1860 was the important convention year which preceded the War. The Democrats held their first conven- tion at Charleston, South Carolina, April 23. The conven- tion split in two. The main body adjourned to Baltimore, where Douglas and Johnson were nominated June 23. The bolting Democrats held their convention at Baltimore, June 18, nominating Breckinridge and Lane. The Republicans held their convention at Chicago, May 16, nominating Lin- coln and Hamlin. The Constitutional Union party held its convention May 9, at Baltimore, nominating Bell and Everett.
April 23, 1860, the Democrats met at Charleston, and after fifty-seven ballots the delegates from seven Southern States withdrew. This was the opening of the most impor- tant canvass that had taken place in the country since 1832. The prominent candidates for the nomination were Jesse D. Bright, of Indiana; John C. Breckinridge of Kentucky; James A. Bayard, of Delaware; Albert Gallatin Brown, of Mississippi; Howell Cobb, of Georgia; Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi; Daniel S. Dickinson, of New York; Stephen A. Douglas, of Illinois; James Guthrie, of Kentucky; R. M. T. Hunter, of Virginia; James H. Hammond, of South Caro- lina; Sam Houston, of Texas; Alfred Iverson, of Georgia; Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee: General Joseph H. Lane, of
62
UNITED STATES HISTORY.
Oregon; James L. Orr, of South Carolina; Franklin Pierce, of New Hampshire; Robert F. Stockton, of New Jersey; Alexander H. Stephens, of Georgia; John Slidell, of Louisi- ana; Thomas H. Seymour of Connecticut; Henry A. Wise, of Virginia, and General John E. Wool, of New York. Caleb Cushing, of Massachusetts, was nominated for presi- dent of the convention the second day. There was much trouble over the unit rule; and the second day a great sen- sation was created in the convention by the sudden death of ex-Governor Robinson, of Vermont, from apoplexy. Slavery was the disturbing element. After a protracted and bitter debate, the sixth day the Douglas platform was adopted by a vote of 165 to 128, when the delegations from South Caro- lina, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas and Florida withdrew. The bolters organized in a separate con- vention, in which the following eleven States were repre- sented : Delaware, Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Texas, Arkansas, Missouri and New York. There were afterward splits in the delega- tions from other States. On the fifty-seventh ballot the vote stood: Douglas, 1512; Guthrie, 61; Lane, 16; Hunter, 16; Dickinson, 6; Jeff Davis, 1. Jeff Davis had received one vote on every ballot, which was cast consistently by General Ben- jamin F. Butler, of Massachusetts. The Douglas men feared that their candidate would be abandoned by New York, and adjourned to meet at Baltimore, June 18, by a vote of 195 to 55. The bolters adopted the platform which had been rejected by the regular convention, and also adjourned to meet at Richmond June 11, without selecting a Presidential candidate.
The Douglas convention reassembled at Baltimore amid great excitement. There were scenes of personal violence the second day. There was a personal difficulty between Colonel Hindman, who appeared for the regular Arkansas delegates, and Mr. Hooper, of the seceded delegation. Hind- man slapped Hooper in the face, and drew a pistol. Samuel M. Yost, editor of the Staunton, Virginia, Index-a now prominent Readjuster-had a difficulty with John Brennan, State Senator, resulting in blows. There was a challenge, which was settled without bloodshed. There were several street fights, and personal encounters of various sorts. Sat- urday, June 23, 1861, in the midst of the most intense excite- ment, Douglas was nominated for President, and the conven- tion adjourned. The bolters' convention, which met at Richmond June 11, adjourned to meet the 21st. The seced-
63
UNITED STATES HISTORY.
ers met again at Baltimore June 23, when the ticket of Breckinridge and Lane was nominated.
The Republican Convention of 1860, at Chicago, was a most remarkable and important gathering. The Chicago platform of 1860, which has become historical, was for the most part the joint production of Horace Greeley and John A. Kasson. George Ashmun, of Springfield, Massachusetts, was Chairman of the committee which notified Abraham Lincoln of his nomination. In his letter of acceptance, Abraham Lincoln invoked the assistance of Divine Prov- idence. This was rare in political documents. The same appeal was repeated by Mr. Lincoln in his inaugural, in which he said: "Intelligence, patriotism, Christianity, and a firm reliance on Him who has never yet forsaken this favored land, are still competent to adjust in the best way all our practical difficulties." The convention met in the mam- moth structure known as "the Wigwam." It held at least ten thousand people. Lincoln was nominated the second day, and his nomination was nearly as great a surprise to the convention and country as was that of Mr. Hayes at Cincin- nati. Although he was second on every ballot, he was not re- garded as a strong candidate when compared with Seward, Chase, or Bates. Mr. Evarts put Mr. Seward in nomina- tion; Norman B. Judd, of Illinois, nominated Mr. Lincoln ; Judge Cartter, of Ohio-Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia-nominated Mr. Chase, while Mr. Sumner, of Ohio, presented Judge McLean. Mr. Schurz seconded the nomination of Mr. Seward. Thur- low Weed had charge of Seward's canvass.
In 1864, June 7, the Republicans met at Baltimore and nominated Lincoln and Johnson. The platform adopted was remarkable as being the first declaration by the new party of the paramount authority of the National Constitu- tion over the States. August 29, 1864, the Democrats nomi- nated Mcclellan and Pendleton. June 7, 1864, the Radical Democracy, at Cleveland, nominated Fremont and Cochrane.
July 4, 1868, the Democrats, at New York city, nomi- nated Seymour and Blair; and the Republicans, at Chicago, in May, nominated Grant and Colfax.
In 1872, the Liberals, at Cincinnati, May 1, nominated Greeley and Brown; and, July 9 of the same year, the Democrats, at Baltimore, accepted that ticket. May 5, 1872. the Republicans nominated Grant and Wilson. The Demo- crats nominated Charles O'Connor and J. Q. Adams, and the Temperance party, James Black and -. H. Colquite.
64
UNITED STATES HISTORY.
In 1876, at Cincinnati, June 15, the Republicans nomi- nated Hayes and Wheeler; and in that year, June 27, at St. Louis, the Democrats nominated Tilden and Hendricks. Peter Cooper and S. F. Carey were nominated by the Green- backers, and Green C. Smith by the Prohibition party.
In 1880, at Chicago, in June, the Republicans nominated Garfield and Arthur; and the Democrats, at Cincinnati, nominated Hancock and English; James B. Weaver and B. J. Chambers were the nominees of the Greenback party.
The Republican Convention, held at Chicago, in June, 1884, neminated James G. Blaine and John A. Logan for President and Vice-President. In July the Democratic Con- vention nominated Grover Cleveland and Thomas A. Hen- dricks. The Anti-monopolist and Greenback parties nomi- nated Benjamin F. Butler, and the Prohibitionists, Governor St. John, of Kansas.
In 1880 the unit rule was broken by the Republican Con- vention at Chicago. The adherence of the Democratic party to this rule in 1884 (the Tammany section of the party protesting), resulted in the nomination of Governor Cleve- land for the Presidency.
Presidential vote 1824-1880 .- The total vote for Presi- dent from 1824 to 1880, inclusive, is given as follows :- 1824, 352,062; 1828, 1,156,328; 1832, 1,217,691; 1836, 1,498,205; 1840, 2,410,772; 1844, 2,698,608; 1848, 2,872,806; 1852, 3,142,877; 1856, 4,053,967; 1860, 4,676,853; 1864, 4,024,792; 1868, 5,724,624; 1872, 6,431,149; 1876, 8,426,073; 1880, 9,219,947. The vote of 1880 was distributed as follows :- Garfield, Republican, 4,454,416; Hancock, 4,444,952; Weaver, Greenback, 308,578; Dow, Prohibitionist, 10,305; American, 707 ; Imperfect and scattering, 989.
In Louisiana there were two Garfield tickets, one the "Regular," the other the "Beattie" ticket. The former polled 28,297, the latter 10,340. In Maine the "Hancock " vote was for a "Fusion " ticket, containing four Greenbackers and three Democrats. There was also a straight Greenback ticket. In Virginia there were two Hancock tickets, the " Regular" and the " Readjuster." The former had 96,912 votes : the latter 31,674. Plurality. All, over Garfield, 311,115.
Occupations of the People .- The occupations of the peo- ple, according to the official statements made by the enu- merators of the tenth census, are: Agriculturalists, 7,670,- 493; manufacturing, mining and mechanical employes, 3,837,112; persons occupied in trade and transportation,
65
UNITED STATES HISTORY.
1,810,256; persons occupied in professional and personal services, 4,074, 238; total, 17,392,099.
Public Debt, 1791-1884 .- In the following table the amount of the Public Debt, each year since 1791, is given as follows :
1791 .. .. $75,463,476 52
1822 .... $93,546,676 98
1853. . .. $59,803,117 70
1792 .. 77,227,924 66
1823. ..
90,875,877 28
1854 .. 42,242,222 42
1793 .. 80,352,634 04 1824 .. 90,269,777 77
1855 .. 35,586,858 56
1794. 78,427,404 77
1825. . . 83,788,432 71
1856 .. 31,972,537 90
1795. . . 80,747,587 39
1826 .. . 81,054,059 99
1857 .. .. 28,699,831 85
1796. 83,762,172 07
1827. 73,987,357 20
1858 .. 44,911,881 03
1797. 82,064,479 33
1898. 67,475,043 87
1859. . . 58,496,837 88
1798. 79,228,529 12
1829. 58,421,413 67
1860. . . 64,842,287 88
1799. .. 78,408,669 77
1830. 48,565,406 50
1861 . . 90,580,873 72
1801 . .
83,038,050 80
1832.
24,322,235 18
1863. .. 1,119,772,138 63
1802. .
86,711,632 25
1833. 7,001,698 83
1864. .. 1,815,784,370 57
1803. . .
77,054,686 30
1834.
4,760,082 08
1865 ... 2,680,647,869 74
1804. 1805.
..
. .
75,723,270 66
1837.
3,308,124 07
1868 ... 2,611,687,851 19
1807. .. 1808. . .
65,196,317 97
1839.
3,573,343 82
1870 ... 2,480,672,427 81
1809. .
57,023,192 09
1840.
5,250,875 54
1871 ... 2,353,211,332 32
1810.
.. 53,173,217 52
1841.
13,594,480 73
1872 ... 2,253,251,078 78
1812.
48,005,587 76
1842.
26,601,226 28
1873. .. 2,234,482,743 20
1811. . .
45,209,737 90
1843.
32,742,922 00
1874 ... 2,251,690,218 43
1813. . . 55,962,827 57
1844.
23,461,652 50
1875 ... 2,232,284,281 95
1814. . 81,487,846 24
1845.
15,925,303 01
1876 ... 2,180,394,817 15
1815. . . . 99,833,660 15
1846.
15,550,202 97
1877 ... 2,060,158,223 26
1816. .
127,334,933 74
1847. 1848.
38,826,534 77 47,044,862 23
1879 ... 2,245,495,072 04
1818 .. 103 466,633 83
1849
63,061,858 69
1880. .. 2,120,415,370 63
1819 .. .. 95,529,648 58
1850
63,452,773 55
1881 ... 2,069,013,569 58
1820. .. 91,015,566 15
1851.
68,304,796 02
1882 ... 1,918,312,994 00
1821. . .. 89,987,427 66
1852.
66,199,341 71
1883 ... 1,884,171,728 00
. .
86,427,120 88
1835. 1836.
37,513 05
1866 ... 2,773,236,173 69
1806.
69,218,398 64
1838.
10,434,221 14
1869 ... 2,588,452,213 94
1800 . 82,976,294 35
1831. 39,123,191 68
1862. 524,176,412 13
82,312,150 50
336,957 83
1867 ... 2,678,126,103 87
1878 ... 2,256,205,892 53
1817 .. 123,491,965 16
The Public Debt, May 1, 1884, is shown in the following statement of bonds outstanding : Four and a half per cents, $250,000,000 ; four per cents, $737,651,950 ; three per cents, $254,621,950 ; refunding certificates, $298,450 ; navy pension fund, $14,000,000. Total interest-bearing debt, $1,256,572,- 550. Total non interest-bearing debt, $586,238,059. The seven and three-tenths per cent bonds were retired in 1868, the five and six per cents in 1881, and the three and a half per cents in 1883-4, leaving a total debt of $1,854,938,814, less $399,753,205 cash in Treasury.
The matured debt and moneys outstanding May 1, 1884, were as follows : matured debt, $12,128,405 ; legal tenders, $346,739,541 ; certificates of deposit, $15,025,000; gold and silver certificates, $217,490,431 ; fractional currency, $6,883,- 107. Total without interest, $586,238,059. The Public Ex-
5
66
UNITED STATES HISTORY.
penditure in 1791 was $3,797,436.78, increased to $267,642,- 957.78 in 1880. The receipts of the Government for the year ending June 30, 1883, were $398,287,581; the expendi- tures, $265,408,137, and the amount applied for redemption, . $134,178,756.
Comparative Table of Public Debts, etc., of the Nations .- For the purpose of showing more clearly the relation which the Public Debt, Revenue, Expenditure, and Commerce of our own country bear to the same in all other nations, the following statement is given :
COUNTRIES.
Public Debt.
Revenue.
Expendi- tures.
Imports.
Exports.
Argentine Rep.
$ 68,416,043
$ 20,683,537
$ 29,663,337
$ 34,010,290
$ 44,041,131
Austria proper.
1,419,096,072
186,776,170
202,035,039
Austria- Hung ..
205,999,970
60,000,000
58,845,695,
258,450,000
204,800,000
Belgium
232,684,553
50,048,972
49,045,128|
258,504,000
222,920,400
Bolivia
17,500,000
2,929,574
4,505,504
5,750,000
5,000,000
Brazil
368,351,139
72,548,454
67,789,297
88,045,520
104,252,800
Canada.
112,248,378
22,700,000
24,100,000
93,200,000
89,851,328
Chili
50,677,600
21,294,383
22,052,187
39,050,197
37,139,961
China
3,200,000
230,000,000
105,000,000
114,000,000
Colombia
15,399,304
3,114,619
2,779,410
6,949,028
9,994,386
Denmark
52,000,000
13,464,066
13,074,620
50,311,240
33,933,640
Ecuador
17,500,000
20.800,000
21,500,455
7,596,264
3,913,536
Egypt
450,540,000
54,820,818
54,737,670
29,000,000 882,360,000
961,540,000
Germany
3,888,907,980
398,825,180
412,017,475
1,969,695,885
1,263,883,010
Guiana
460,000
1,580,000
4,580,000
1,811,770 1,682,000
15,097,000 2,241,040 2,090,000
Hungary prop. India, British .. Italy .
576,634,330
272,649,885 279,550,000 63,120,600
292,503,145 278,121,440 62,993,850
24,087,515
27,669,465
Luxembourg.
2,400,000
1,438,660
1,409,344
Mexico .
395.500,000
23,807,671
24,891,522
29,062,407
31,659,151
Netherlands.
391,242,322 13,526,128
43,973,345 11,364,220
10,726,500
52,017,280
33,933,640
Paraguay
12,098,417
750,000
565,595
607,653
Peru .
213,482,680 No debt.
8,240,000
8,750,000
5,625,000
2,813,000
Portugal.
428,977,613
29,720,336
38,131,520
26,448,600
Roumania
90,000,000 2,020,092,043 5,000,000
29,568,816 19,578,885 489,377,280 2,968,422 4,000,000
430,557,403 2,924,779|
6,197,000
5,500,000
Siam .
2,401,612,001
Sweden
39,241,142 6,225,000
21,872,193 8,524,400 140,000,000
Not given. 72,430,000
Not given.
Turkey.
1,212,772,200|
51,000,000
United States ..
466,872,846
739,107,578
Uruguay
16,953,000
Venezuela
2,028,648,111 43,615,000 62,659,687
131,500,000 23,563,201 8,297,480 88,764,050 257,763,879 6,965,683 3,549,000
236,964,327 6,800,000 3,642,500
21,917,800 12,000,000
17,000,000
France.
4,695,600,000 30,000,000
548,605,716 135,584,249
135,000,000
918,850,000
608,200,000
Gt. Britain & Ir Greece.
98,012,000
7,765,360
7,832,768
24,073,400
Hawaiian Isl'ds
548,022
504,095
460,000
265,899,000
213,371,000
Japan.
145,000,000
609,000 29,801,195
33,755,375
16,200,000
28,440,000
Russia
365,426,400
286,484,000
Servia
4,000,000
7,100,000
8,300,000 75,564,000
Spain
131,824,000
66,670,000
85,906,800
62,532,960
Switzerland
274,358,915
106,069,258
116,902,036
244,000,000
325,600,000
48,785,061
305,416,000
226,750,000
Norway
37,500,000
Persia.
1,977,117,845
19,578,885
68,000,000
589,334,162
In the above statement the debt of the United States is placed about $173,000,000 above the true amount, so as to make the comparison with non-federal governments more correct. So with the other items-they are equalized, as it were.
67
UNITED STATES HISTORY.
The following summary of trade in the United States gives the true figures relating to imports and exports :
The value of the total imports of merchandise of the United States, exclusive of specie and bullion, for the cal- endar year 1883 amounted to $687,074,666, against $752,- 843,507 for the previous year, showing a decrease for 1883 of $65,768,841. The value of the total exports, domestic and foreign, exclusive of specie and bullion, for the year 1883, amounted to $795,175,701, against $767,918,946 for the previous year, showing an increase for 1883 of 827,193,- 755. The value of the total imports of specie and bullion for the year 1883 amounted to $36,209,318, against $22,500,- 913 the year previous, an increase for 1883 of $12,708,405. The value of the total exports of specie and bullion for the year 1883 amounted to $31,843,440, against $56,038,134 the year previous, a decrease for 1883 of $24,194,694.
The total foreign trade of the United States, imports and exports, exclusive of specie and bullion, was for the calendar year 1883, $1,482,250,367, against $1,520,825,453 the previous year, a decrease for 1883 of $38,575,086. The total foreign trade of the United States, imports and exports, inclusive of specie and bullion, was for the calendar year 1883, $1,550,- 303,125, against $1,599,364,500 the previous year, a decrease for 1883 of $49,061,365.
The Negro Race .- From the earliest period in the history of America, the African was to be found among the Peru- vians, the Mexicans and the Indians. It remained for the colonists of the Atlantic States to enslave him, and this term of slavery which began almost with the settlement of Massa- chusetts, continued down to the day when Lincoln pro- claimed the emancipation of the slave and offered citizenship to the negro. In respect to the country northwest of the Ohio, it was not until July 13, 1787, that the statute pro- hibiting slavery was passed.
According to the census of 1880, there were in the coun- try 6,580,793 people of African ancestry. In 1790, according to the first census, there were only 757,208. The increase of population from 1850 to 1860, under the slave régime, was 22.1 per cent ; from 1870 to 1880, 34.8 per cent.
According to the census of 1880, there is in the South a total school population of 5,426,890-3,758,480 being white and 1,668,410 being colored ; enrolled, white, 2,013,684; col- ored, 685,942. The total appropriation for school purposes by these States is set down at $12,181,602, being the beg- garly pittance of $2.26 per capita. Only 31 per cent of the
.
68
UNITED STATES HISTORY.
white and 26 per cent of the colored children of Louisiana availed themselves of the advantages of the public schools, while the State appropriates the munificent sum of $529,065 for educational purposes, being $1.94 per capita ; while the city of New York alone expends more than $3,000,000 per annum for the education of her youth. Four and two tenths per cent of the school population of New York State cannot read, and 5.5 cannot write, while in Louisiana 45.8 cannot read, and 49.1 cannot write. Florida, with a school population of 82,606, appropriates only $134,880 for school purposes, being $1.63 per capita. The District of Columbia, with a school population of 38,800, appropriates $368,343, and 61 per cent of the white and 73 per cent of the colored school population are enrolled, the per capita being $9.49. In the District of Columbia 5.7 per cent of the school population cannot read, and 18.8 per cent cannot write, while in Florida 38 per cent cannot read and 43.4 per cent cannot write. From the Bureau of Statistics the fol- lowing facts are taken :
Enrollment of colored youths, as far as reported by the State school officers for the year 1880, 784,709 ; per cent of colored youth of school age enrolled, about 48. Colored school teachers in the United States: males, 10,520; females, 5,314; total, 15,834. Normal schools for colored youth, 44; teachers, 227; pupils, 7,408. High schools, or academic, 36; teachers, 120; pupils, 5,327. Universities and colleges, 15; teachers 889; students, 1,717. Schools of theology, 22; teachers, 65; pupils reported, 880. Schools of law, 3; teachers, 10; pupils, 33. Schools of medicine, 2; with 17 teachers and 87 pupils.
In 1880 the negro vote of the Northern States was as follows: Connecticut, 11,547; Illinois, 46,368; Indiana, 39,228; Kansas, 43,107; Massachusetts, 18,697; Michigan, 15,100; New Jersey, 65,104; New York, 531,277; Ohio, 79,900; Pennsylvania, 85,535; giving a total of 935,843.
Postal Statistics .- Some idea of the growth of this coun- try may be gathered from the postal statistics just published in Washington. In the year 1789 there were seventy-five Post-offices and 2,275 miles of postal routes. The revenue of the department was $7,510, and the expenditure, $7,560. The amount paid for transportation was $5,568. The popu- lation of the United States at that time was 3,929,214. The figures for 1882 give the number of offices at 46,231; extent in miles, 343,618; revenue, $+1,883,005; expenditure, $40,- 482,021; paid for transportation, $22,846,112; postage-
69
UNITED STATES HISTORY.
stamps, etc., issued, 40,978,053; money-orders, 113,400,118; letters received in dead-letter office, 4,285,285; population, 50,155,783. The increase in the number of postal stations since 1882, and in the number of letters, is as 50,000,000 to 54,000,000.
Prices of Staple Goods, 1825-1881 .- In the following table the prices of staple articles of commerce, in the New York market, as quoted in January of each year, are given:
Year.
Beef,
Butter.
Wheat.
Coal,
Anthra-
cite.
Corn.
Flour,
Western.
Year.
Beef.
Butter.
Wheat.
Coal.
cite,
Corn.
Flour,
Western.
Bbl.
1b.
Bush.
Ton.
B'sh.
Bbl.
Bbl.
1b.
Bush. Ton.
B'sh.
Bbl.
1825
8 78
15
1 01
10 00
42
5 13
1854 10 94
1916
2 04
6 75
8216
8 89%
1826
9 16
1514
90
12 00
74
4 80
1855 11 47
2214
2 57
7 25 1 01
8 76
1827
9 02
1716
93
12 00
70
5 14
1856 8 57
2012
2 14
5 95
93
6 42
1828
9 14
1516
1 15
11 50
57
5 58
1857
12 87
2:1%
1 75
6 50
7316
5 781%
1829
9 21
1334
1 63
11 50
59
6 45
1858
10
48
1816
1 37
5 50
61
4 291%
1830
8 99
1313
1 04
12 00
54
4 981%
1859
7 59
19
1 40
5 25
8016
4 11
1831
8
50
1434
1 25
7 50
581%
5 71
1860
9 00
16
1 45
5 50
91161
4 30
1832
9 46
1516
1 26
12 50
75
5 7616
1861
6 00
14
1 44
5 75
73
5 35
1833
9 38
1516
1 1914
9 25
811%
5 5616
1862 5 50
15
1 38
4 75
67
5 50
1834
9 17
14
1 06
6 00
59%
4 98
1863 12 00
22
1 53
8 50
6 05
1835 11 08
1716
1 05
6 00
74
5 8616
1864 14 001
24
1 82%
9 75|1 26
7 00
1836 10 97
1916
1 78
8 00
9016
7 4916
1865 20 50
45
1 85
10 00|1 95
10 00
1837.13 49
19
1 77%
10 50 1 06
9 14
1866|20 00
30
1 87%
8 50
9516
8 75
1838 14 70
20
1 92
9 00
86
7 96
1867 18 00
30
3 00
5 50 1 1616
11 00
1839 14 81
19
1 24%
8 25
92
7 30
1868 32 00
45
2 45
5 00 1 20
9 55
1840 13 02
1716
1 06
7 50
5916
5 2916
1869 28
00
40
1 70
5 50
90
6 00
1842| 7 39
1114
1 25
8 50
67
5 57
1871 27 00
20
1 42
9 00
80
6 25
1843 7 15
81%
881%
5 75
591%
4 851%
1872 21
00
15
1 50
4 50
78
6 40
1844 5 62
1016
1 00
5 25
43
4 67
1873 21 00
16
1 67
6 00
66
6 25
1845 8
21
1313
1 02%
5 50
511%
4 93%
1874 22 00
27
1 65
6 00
84
6 00
1846
7 54
13
1 31
5 50
74
5 06
1875 21
00
29
1 25
5 25
97
4 50
1847 11 44
16
1 021%
6 50
80
6 684%
1876 23 00
26
1 30
5 50
71
4 35
1848
9 88
16
1 25
5 75
5 96
1877 20 00
28
1 47
3 00
59
5 50
1849 11 68
15
1 22%
5 25
643% 61
5 55
1879
..
82
6 00
2916
4 35
1851
8 86
14141
1 20
6 75
6416
4 52
1880
1 28
10 00
40
6 25
1852 10 72
1834
1 09
5
25
701%
5 00
1881
8 75
28
98
8 00
37
5 30
1853 8 87
18
1 32
5 25
6872 5 78
1878
1 07
. ...
42
6 15
1850 9 08
1516
1 25
5 75
52
5 5812
1870 27 00
30
1 30
5 50 1 12
4 85
1841 9 01
1116
1 03
8 00
5 51
..
Railroads of the World .- Previous to January 1, 1882, there were 104,813 miles of railroad constructed in the United States. During the year 1883 about 1,200 miles were constructed, while in 1884 the work of railroad build- ing was carried on with increasing activity. The track mileage in each State at the beginning of 1882 is shown in the following statement : Illinois, 8,326; Pennsylvania, 6,690; Ohio, 6,664; New York, 6,279; Iowa, 6,183; Texas, 5,344; Indiana, 4,765; Michigan, 4,284; Missouri, 4,288; Kansas; 3,788; Wisconsin, 3,442; Minnesota, 3,398; Georgia, 2,588, Nebraska, 2,380; Colorado, 2,275; California, 2,268; Vir; ginia, 2,894; Tennessee, 8,974; Massachusetts, 8,935; Ala- bama, 8,804; New Jersey, 8,853 ; Kentucky, 8,885 ; Dakota Territory, 8,639; North Carolina, 8,689; South Carolina,
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