USA > Illinois > Will County > Souvenir of settlement and progress of Will County, Ill. A review of the lives of our presidents, political, military and commercial history of the United States and of the state of Illinois Business directory of Joliet Comp. specially for the people of the county > Part 5
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Mess.
Mess.
Anthra-
70
UNITED STATES HISTORY.
8,844 ; Mississippi, S,232 ; Maryland and District of Colum- bia, 8,048 ; Arkansas, 8,042; New Hampshire, 8,026 ; Maine, 8,022; Louisiana, 999; New Mexico Territory, 985; Con- necticut, 959; Vermont, 986 ; Utah Territory, 908; Nevada, 890; Florida, 893; West Virginia, 882; Oregon, 689; Ari- zona Territory, 557; Wyoming Territory, 533; Washington Territory, 480 ; Delaware, 288; Indian Territory, 285 ; Idaho Territory, 265 ; Montana Territory, 232; Rhode Island, 288. Recent additions bring the present total to about 822,000, added to the mileage of Canada, about 80,000; of Mexico, about 3,000 ; of Central America, about S,094, and of South America, 8,386, brings the total number of miles of railroad in America up to 843,480, being 84,824 miles more than the combined mileage of all the railroads in the Eastern Hemi- sphere. Europe has 805,895; Asia, 84,838; Africa, 3,068, and Australia, 5,592 miles, aggregating 828,686 miles. The share capital of the various railroads in the United States amounts to $3,808,000,000, the funded debt to $3,455,000,- 000, and the floating debt to $332,000,000, the aggregate liability on shares and debts being $7,495,000,000.
American Wars .- From the days of Cortez and Pizarro to our own times war has been waged at intervals through- out the two Americas. In our own country the following- named wars have engaged the attention of the inhabitants from 1675 to 1883:
King Philip's War, 1675; King William's War, 1689; Dutch War, 1673; Queen Anne's War, 1744; French and Indian War, 1753; American Revolution, 1775; Indian War, 1790; Barbary War, 1803; Tecumseh War, 1804; War of 1812, 1812; Algerine War, 1815; First Seminole War, 1817; Black Hawk War, 1832; Second Seminole War, 1835; Mexi- can War, 1846; the Southern Rebellion, 1861; Sioux War, 1875-78.
The Revolutionary War may be said to begin with the agitation against the Stamp Act in 1765, and to end with the inglorious surrender of Cornwallis to Washington and Lafayette, October 19, 1781. In April, 1883, Congress noti- fied Washington of the treaty of peace just entered into, and on April 18th, at Newburgh, the commander-in-chief ordered the proclamation to be read at the head of every regiment, and religious services to be held. On April 19th, 20th, 21st, and 22d festivities were the rule in honor of complete victory.
Acting under Washington's order of April 19, 1783, preparations for the illumination of the victory building
71
UNITED STATES HISTORY.
were made. The headquarters' regiments, then in New- burgh cantonment, were ordered to cut and square one hundred and twenty-four pieces of timber to seven inches, deliver the same to Colonel Gouvion, the French officer in charge of the illuminations, and act under his directions in erecting the building. The regiments were Maryland Detachment, Fourth Regiment, Jersey Regiment, Jersey Battalion, First New York Regiment, Second New York Regiment, Hampshire Regiment, Hampshire Battalion, First Massachusetts Regiment, Fourth Massachusetts Regiment, Seventh Massachusetts Regiment, Second Massachusetts Regiment, Fifth Massachusetts Regiment, Eighth Massa- chusetts Regiment, and Third Massachusetts Regiment. The shoeless troops worked in the forest until the 20th of April, delivered the timber, erected the great frame for illumination, and thus celebrated the defeat of the British.
The troops of the Revolutions were made up of 232,075 regular infantry and cavalry, and 56,033 militia. The States contributing were the
Free States of
Regular Militia
The Slave States of
Regular Militia
New Hampshire.
12,495 2,093
Delaware.
2,317
376
Massachusetts
68,007 15,145
Maryland
18,912
4,127
Rhode Island.
5,093 4,284
Virginia
25,668
5,620
Connecticut
32,029
7,702
North Carolina.
7,263
New York.
18,331 3,304
South Carolina.
6,417
New Jersey
10,726
6,055
Georgia.
2,679
Total of free States .. 172,819 45,910
Total of slave States. 58,256 10,123 Grand total. .. . Regular, 231,075; Militia, 56,033.
The battles and losses of the Revolution are set forth in the following list :-
Brit.
Amer.
Lexington
April 19, 1775.
273
84
Bunker Hill
.June 17, 1775.
1,054
456
Flatbush
August 12, 1776
400
280
White Plains
August 26, 1776
400
400
Trenton
December 25, 1776.
1,000
9
Princeton
January 5, 1777
400
100
Hubbardstown
August 7, 1777
800
800
Remington
. August 16, 1777.
800
100
Brandy wine. ... September 11, 1777
500
1,000
Stillwater.
September 17, 1777.
600
350
Germantown
October 5, 1777
600
1,250
Saratoga
. October 17, 1777. (surrendered)
5,752
Red Hook.
October 22, 1777
500
32
Monmouth.
June 25, 1778
400
130
Rhode Island
August 27, 1778
260
114
Briar Creek
March 30, 1779.
13
400
Stony Point
. July 15, 1779.
600
100
Camden
August 16, 1779
375
610
Pennsylvania.
25,322
7,327
72
UNITED STATES HISTORY.
King's Mountain. . October 1, 1780.
96
Cowpens.
January 17, 1781
800
72
Guilford
March 15, 1781
531
400
Hobkirk Hills . April 25, 1781.
400
460
Eutaw Springs .. September,
1781
1,000
550
Yorktown . October, 1781.
(surrendered)
7,072
...
The War of the Rebellion, 1861-1865 .- The fall of Fort Sumter was a signal for the uprising of the people. The news of the calamity was flashed throughout the world on April 14, 1861, and early the next morning the proclamation of President Lincoln was telegraphed to the chief executive officer of each State. The proclamations of the Governors were issued, April 16, 1861, and on the same day every man within the loyal States was prepared to act a citizen's part. Notwithstanding the unparalleled enthusiasm, the great majority of the people maintained their equanimity, with the result of beholding, within a brief space of time, every section of the North represented by soldiers prepared to fight to the bitter end in defense of cherished institutions, and for the extension 'of the principles of human liberty to all classes within the limits of the threatened Union. This, their zeal, was not animated by hostility to the slave holders of the Southern States, but rather by a fraternal spirit, akin to that which urges the eldest brother to correct the persistent follies of his juniors, to lead them from crimi- nal ways to the paths of family honor.
THE NUMBER OF MEN CALLED FOR BY THE PRESIDENT, AND THE NUMBER OBTAINED, ARE THUS RECORDED :
Date of President's Proclamation.
Number Called for.
Period of Service.
Number Obtained.
April 15, 1861
75,000
3 months
93,326
May 3, 1861
82,748 }
3 years
714,231
July 22 and 25, 1861
500,000 S
3 months
15,007
May and June, 1862
July 2, 1862
$00,000
3 years
431,958
August 4, 1862.
300,000
9 months
87,588
June 15, 1863 .
100,000
6 months
16,361
October 17, 1863
300,000
2 years
374,807
February 1, 1864.
200,000
3 years
284,021
April 23, 1864.
85,000
100 days
83,652
July 18, 1864
500,000
1, 2, 3 yrs.
384,882
December 19, 1864
300,000
1, 2, 3 yrs.
204,568
Total.
2,942,748
2,690,401
March 14, 1864.
200,000
Brit. 950
Amer.
73
UNITED STATES HISTORY.
The following table was issued by the War Department, giving the number of men furnished the Union Army by each State and Territory and the District of Columbia from April 15, 1861, to the close of the war of the rebellion. It shows that the total number of volunteers was 2,678,967, divided as follows :
PD. COM.
TOTAL.
PD. COM. TOTAL.
Maine
2,007
72,114
Missouri
109,111
New Hampshire
692
36,629
Kentucky
3,265
79,025
Vermont. .
1,974
35,262
Kansas ..
2
20,151
Massachusetts
5,318
152,048
Tennessee.
31,092
Rhode Island.
463
23,699
Arkansas.
8,289
Connecticut
1,515
57,379
North Carolina
3,156
New York
18,197
467,047
California.
15,725
New Jersey
4,196
81,010
Nevada
1,080
Pennsylvania
28,171
366,107
Oregon
1,810
Delaware
1,386
13,670
Washington Ter
964
Maryland .
3,678
50,316
Nebraska Ter.
3,157
Dist. of Columbia. .
338
16,872
Dakota Territory
200
Ohio
6,479
319,659
New Mexico Ter.
6,561
Indiana
784
197,149
Alabama
2,576
Illinois.
55
259,147
Florida
....
1,290
Michigan
2,008
89,372
Louisiana
....
8,224
Wisconsin.
5,097
96,424
Mississippi
...
545
Minnesota.
1,032
25,052
Texas
1,965
Iowa
67
76,309
Indian Nation
35,030
Total and grand total
86,724 2,690,401
which, with re-enlistments, brought the number up to 2,859,- 132.
The troops furnished by the Southern States were, with the exception of those of Louisiana, nearly all white. Flor- ida furnished two regiments of cavalry ; Alabama one white regiment ; Mississippi one battalion, and North Carolina two regiments, one cavalry. The calls of October, 1863, and February, 1864, were combined, and the product of the draft of July, 1863, credited thereon.
In addition to above total, 63,322 men were obtained from the Territories and secession States under the different calls. The draft gave 168,649 men. The number of colored troops was 186,097.
The Confederates succeeded in enlisting 600,000 men, of whom one third were killed on the field or died of wounds or disease. The remaining 400,000 were captured, or be- came prisoners by surrender, or deserted. The total losses of the North and South approximated to 600,000 men. The war cost the United States about $4,000,000,000.
.
32,068
Colorado Ter.
4,903
West Virginia.
...
74
UNITED STATES HISTORY.
Tax Law of August 5, 1861 .- The act of 1861 authorized the collection of $20,000,000 from the various States, while in point of fact only about $13,000,000 was collected, the remainder still standing as a judgment against the various States. It is urged by the friends of a bill refunding the direct tax of 1861, that either the States which have not paid ought to be forced to do so, or else those which did pay ought to be refunded that sum in order to make things equal among the States in regard to this matter. The gov- ernment is not needing the money now, and there is really a necessity of getting this money into the hands of the peo- ple. It is suggested that the easiest way to equalize the matter between the States is to pass this bill, giving back to each State the sum which was collected there. Only two States, New York and Pennsylvania, would get a larger amount of this measure than Ohio. Alabama, against which was assessed $529,000, only paid $8,000 and a frac- tion, leaving $520,000 yet due. Georgia, which was assessed $584,000, paid but $71,000, and the amount still assessed against her stands at $512,000. Alabama, Georgia, Louisi- ana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Texas, Tennessee and Vir- ginia owe sums ranging from $117,000 up to $520,000. Here is the amount that would be due to each State and Territory under this bill should it become a law: Alabama, $8,491 ; Arkansas, $184,082; California, $247,941 ; Colorado, $1,516; Connecticut, $308,214; Dakota, $3,241; Delaware, $74,683; District of Columbia, $49,457; Florida, $33,592; Georgia, $71,407 ; Illinois, 1,146,551 ; Indiana, $904,875 ; Iowa, $452,088; Kansas, $71,743; Kentucky, $113,695; Louisiana, $268,515; Maine, $420,826; Maryland, $436,823; Massachu- setts, $824,581; Michigan, $501,763; Minnesota, $108,424; Mississippi, $74,742; Missouri, $781,127; Nebraska, $19,- 312; Nevada, $4,592; New Hampshire, $218,406; New Jersey, $450,134; New Mexico, $62,648; New York, $2,- 603,918; North Carolina, $386,194; Ohio, $1,567,089; Ore- gon, $35,140; Pennsylvania, $1,946,719; Rhode Island, $115,963; Tennessee, $287,729; Texas, $130,608; Utah, $26,982; Vermont, $311,068; Virginia, $515,569; West Virginia, $208,479; Washington Territory, $4,268; Wis- consin, $519,638; South Carolina, $363,576.
Military Organization of the World .- The United States army, as at present composed, is made up of 25,000 enlisted men and 2,153 commissioned officers. General Philip H. Sheridan, general of the army, entered the service in 1853, and succeeded General Sherman in 1883 in command. The
,
UNITED STATES HISTORY.
following table is given to show the military relation of the United States to the other nations:
COUNTRIES.
Population.
Regular Army.
War Footing.
Annual Cost of Army.
Cost per head.
Austria-Hungary .
37,350,000
296,218
1,021,692
$50,680,000
$1 35
Argentine Republic.
1,812,490
8,283
4,514,018
2 49
Belgium
5,336,185
46,277
103,683
8,787,909
1 64
Bolivia
2,000,000
4,022
1,126,916
56
Brazil
11,108,291
16,500
32,000
10,862,496
97
Canada
3,672,116
3,000
655,000
1,013,944
27
China
433,500,000
700,000
1,260,000
Colombia
2,774,000
2,600
30,000
288,000
10
Denmark
1,903,000
35,703
50,000
2,406,109
1 26
Egypt.
17,100,000
62,920
128,000
4,452,422
26
France.
36,905,788
470,600
1,750,000
100,007,623
2 70
Germany
42,727,360
419,659
1,034,524
92,572,403
2 16
Great Britain.
34,242,966
133,720
370,561
65,161,015
1 90
Greece .
1,457,894
12,397
30,050
1,494,860
1 02
India, British.
191,168,412
58,170
144,700
76,875,960
40
Japan.
34,338,404
35,380
50,240
7,506,000
21
Netherlands
3,865,456
61,803
160,000
10,266,990
2 65
Norway
1,807,555
12,750
18,000
1,480,760
81
Persia
6,000,000
28,400
108,500
3,400,000
56
Peru
3,000,000
13,200
75,000
4,342,928
1 07
Roumania.
5,073,000
130,158
144,668
3,310,198
65
Russia
72,392,927
787,900
1,671,674
144,215,615
1 99
Servia.
1,366,923
14,150
150,000
869,138
63
Spain .
16,526,511
330,000
400,000
49,146,491
2 97
Sweden
4,429,713
36,495
156,970
3,579,940
80
Switzerland.
2,759,854
106,102
203,262
2,419,213
87
Turkey
9,573,000
157,667
618,100
24,763,095
2 58
United States
50,152,866
26,914
3,759,693
37,082,735
95
Uruguay .
445,000
4,060
24,000
2,364,100
5 31
Venezuela
1,784,197
5,494
867,509
37,983,755
1 36
Luxembourg .
205,158
513
100,480
48
Mexico. .
9,276,079
22,387
10,554,745
1 13
Portugal.
4,057,538
35,733
Church Statistics .- The estimated population of the world, classified by races and religions is as follows :- Caucasian, or white, 600,000,000; Mongolian, 600,000,000; African, or Black, 250,000,000; Copper-Colored, 12,000,000; Pagans, 676,000,000 ; Christians, 320,000,000; Mohammedans, 140,- 000,000; Jews, 14,000,000.
All these collectively are estimated to speak 3,064 lan- guages, and to profess about 1,000 different forms of religion.
In the Western Hemisphere, the Christian Church is divided thus :- Roman Catholic, 47,192,000; Eastern Church, 10,000; all Protestant Churches, 29,959,000 .- (National
Italy
27,769,475
199,577
Chili
2,333,568
3,516
28,274
75
76
UNITED STATES HISTORY.
Encyclopedia). The statistics compiled from the census of 1880, give the following religions and numbers existing within the United States.
DENOMINATIONS.
Churches.
Min- isters.
Mem- bers.
Adventist.
91
107
11,100
Adventist, Second ..
583
501
63,500
Adventist, Seventh Day.
608
138
14,733
American Communities.
14
8
2,838
Baptist.
24,794
15,401
2,133,044
Baptist, Anti-mission
1,000
888
40,000
Baptist, Freewill ..
1,485
1,286
76,706
Baptist, Seventh Day
87
103
8,606
Baptist, Six Principle.
20
17
2,075
Congregational .
3,689
3,589
383,685
Dunkards (Brethren).
710
1,665
90,000
Episcopal, Reformed.
55
68
10,459
Evangelical Association
1,332
1,340
99,607
Friends
621
876
67,643
Jews.
269
202
13,683
Lutheran
5,556
3,102
684,570
Mennonite. New
31
44
2,990
Methodist Episcopal, South.
1,038
648
74,195
Methodist, Free.
287
601
12,120
Methodist, Independent.
121
50
3,370
Methodist, Protestant.
1,501
2,120
118,170
Methodist, Wesleyan.
74
96
16,112
Mormon.
654
3,906
110,377
New Jerusalem (Swedenborgian).
91
81
4,734
Presbyterian .
5,338
4,920
573,377
Presbyterian, South.
1,928
1,031
119,970
Presbyterian, Cumberland.
2,474
1,386
111,855
Presbyterian, Reformed
41
31
6,020
Presbyterian, United. .
793
658
80,236
Reformed Church in America.
489
519
78,917
Reformed Church in the United States
1,384
752
154,742
Roman Catholic.
5,975
6,366
6,370,880
Shaker .
17
68
2,400
Unitarian Congregational.
342
394
17,960
United Brethren in Christ.
2,207
2,200
155,437
United Evangelical.
366
363
144,000
Universalist .
719
713
26,238
Winebrennerians (Church of God).
569
498
20,224
4,681
3,658
567,448
Episcopal, Protestant.
3,049
3,496
342,590
Methodist Episcopal.
16,721
9,261 1,680,779
Methodist Episcopal, Colored.
13
14
2,100
Methodist, Primitive.
260
475
17,847
Moravian
3,593
828,013
Christian (Disciples of Christ)
According to returns made in May, 1883, the present membership of the Methodist Episcopal church in the United States is 1,769,534, with property valued at $79,238,055. The growth of the Roman Catholic church is shown by the latest returns to be about 2,000,000 in the last four years, or 8,370,880. The Congregational, Presbyterian, Protestant
77
UNITED STATES HISTORY.
Episcopal and German Evangelical churches have all shared in the addition of members.
The General Councils of the church, location and date (A.D.) are given as follows: Jerusalem, against Judaizers, 51 ; Arles, against Donatists, 314; Nice, First ŒEcumenical, 325 ; Constantinople, Arian, 337; Rome, Athanasian, 342, Sardis, against Arius, 347; Constantinople, Second ŒEcu- menical, 381 ; Ephesus, Third ŒEcumenical, 431; Chalcedon, Fourth ŒEcumenical, 451 ; Constantinople, Fifth ŒEcumeni- cal, 553; Constantinople, Sixth ŒEcumenical, 681; Nice, Seventh ŒEcumenical, 782; Constantinople, Eighth ŒEcu- menical, 870; Rome, First Lateran, 1123; Rome, Second Lateran, 1139; Rome, Third Lateran, 1179; Rome, Fourth Lateran, 1215; Lyons, Emperor Frederick deposed, 1243; Lyons, Reunion of Greek Latin Churches, 1274; Vienna, Fifteenth ŒEcumenical, 1312; Pisa, Popes Elected and De- posed, 1409; Constance, Huss Condemned to be burned, 1414; Basle, Eighteenth ŒEcumenical, 1431; Rome, Fifth Lateran, 1512-17 ; Trent, ŒEcumenical, 1545-63; Rome, Œcu- menical, 1869-70.
Educational .- The universities and colleges in the United States in 1870, numbered 266, employing 2,823 instructors, and affording an education to 49,163 pupils. The growth of such high class educational institutions from 1870 to 1876 is proven by the following figures :
1870.
1871.
1872.
1873.
1874.
1875.
1876.
Number of institutions ..
266 2,823
290
298 3,040 45,617
323 3,106
343 3,783
355 3,999
356 3,920
Number of instructors .. Number of students
49,163
2,962 49,827
52,053 56,692
58,894 56,481
The public school system is certainly the most extensive and practical of anything known in the world; yet we have 4,923,451 persons over ten years of age who cannot read, and 6,239,958 over ten years of age who cannot write. In the matter of crime, the country has its full share of evil- doers-forgers, perjurers and swindlers are found everywhere, and common murderers to the extent of 820 in every 10,000,- 000 of the population. In this connection, let a comparison be drawn. Murder is a cause of death in England to 237 per 10,000,000; in Belgium, to 240; in France, to 265; in Scandinavia, to 266; in Germany, to 279; in Ireland (1879), to 294; in Austria, to 310; in Russia, to 323; in Italy, to 504; in Spain, to 533; in the United States, to 820.
78
UNITED STATES HISTORY.
Now, in Russia, Austria and in Ireland, seventy per cent of the murders are of a politico-agrarian order, and cannot come under the head of common murders. Thus we are left far ahead of all other countries in the black list of crime. Look at the liquor statistics, at social customs, at the gen- eral desire for easy positions, at schools and churches, and say where does the evil take root ?
Naval Statistics .- The naval strength of the several nations is thus shown :
COUNTRIES.
No. of Vessels.
No. of Men.
Cost of Navy.
COUNTRIES.
No. of
Vessels.
No. of Men.
Cost of Navy.
Arg'ntine Rep.
28
3,135
$ 842,362
Italy
66
11,880
$ 7,543,388
Austria-H'ng'y
68
6,319
4,705,095
Japan
21
3,944
2,700,000
Belgium.
10
172
Mexico
4
4,996
5,780,216
Brazil.
63
6,184
9,994,147
Norway.
119
4,342
652,340
Canada.
7
Peru ..
18
Chili.
15
840
Portugal.
37
3,853
1,585,494
China.
38
Roumania.
9
266
Denmark
33
1,125
1,200,000
Russia.
223
30,039
20,030,704
Egypt
14
Spain
138
14,648
6,536,315
France
226
50,517
33,178,699
Sweden
141
6,141
1,352,792
Germany
60
8,051
1,192,325
Turkey
170
6,000
Gt. Brit'n & Ir. 531
81,447
56,445,000
United States
146
8,684
14,077,974
Greece
21
652
391,978
The merchant shipping of the world, according to the statistics of 1876, credits the United States with second place. In the following table the number of sailing vessels is placed first, next the number of steam vessels, and lastly the total tonnage:
British .
20,265 3,299 9,170,357
Russian
1,785 151
497,914
United States
7,288
605 3,180,249
Austrian
983
78
419,953
Norwegian . .
4,749
122 1,466,777
Danish
1,348
87
249,650
Italian .
4,601
114 1,389,658
Portuguese . .
456
26
129,293
German.
3,456
226 1,102,853
South Am'r'n
273
81 154,722
French .. . . . .
3,858
314 1,059,382
C'ntr'lAm're'n
153
6
61,076
Spanish. . . . .
2,915
230 733,570
Turk & Eg'p'n
305
30
76,553
Greek ..
. . 2,121
11 434,038
Belgian .
54
35
64;044
Dutch
1,432
126 534,593
Asiatic
42
11 26,996
Swedish
2,121
219
487,788
Liberian
.
3
454
10,554,745
Bolivia.
37
Netherlands.
105
Important Laws .- The insolvent, assignment and home- stead laws of the different States of the Union are summa- rized as follows :
Since the repeal of the United States bankrupt law, the laws of the different States respecting insolvency, assign- ments for the benefit of creditors, exemptions of property
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UNITED STATES HISTORY.
from liability for debts, and attachments of property upon mesne process have become of general interest. A short epitome of them is here presented. The following are some of the general rules governing these matters: A discharge in insolvency does not affect the rights of a creditor who is not within the jurisdiction of the State where the discharge is granted, and does not submit himself to that jurisdiction by proving his claim against the estate of the debtor. In the absence of statutes, assignments of property for the ben- efit of creditors are valid, even though they provide for preferences, and for the release of the debtor by creditors taking the benefit of them. An involuntary assignment, under the laws of one State, of choses in action and other property, in another, is not good against attaching creditors in the second State. A voluntary assignment will not pre- vail against a prior attachment, nor against a subsequent attachment, unless the assignment is valid under, and exe- cuted with the formalities required by, the laws of the State where the property is attached.
Alabama .- No insolvent law. Assignments regulated by statute, which forbids preferences, or any provision for the release of the debtor. Attachments issue against a defendant who is a non-resident, or absconds, or removes his property from the State, or is guilty of fraud, etc. A bond is required of plaintiff. Real estate exemption-Eighty acres and house in country, or lot and dwelling to value of $2,000 in city. Per- sonal property exemption-To amount of $1,000.
Arizona .- No insolvent or assignment law. Attachments issue in actions upon contract for direct payment of money where plaintiff has no security, or when defendant is a non- resident, etc. The plaintiff must give bond. Real estate ex- emption- Land and house to value of $5,000. Personal property exemption-$150 library; $600 household goods; $600 tools, stock in trade, etc.
Arkansas .- No insolvent law. Assignments regulated by statute, which forbids preferences. Attachments issue against a defendant who is a non-resident, about to leave the State, avoids service of process, conceals property, or is guilty of fraud, etc. Real estate exemption-One hundred and sixty acres in country; or city lot, with improvements to value of $2,500. Personal property exemption-Unmarried person- specified articles, $200; also, wearing apparel. Married person -specified articles, $500; also, wearing apparel.
California .- An insolvent law by which a debtor surrender- ing his property may receive a discharge from his debts. No preferences permitted. No discharge in case of fraud, nor
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UNITED STATES HISTORY.
from debts due as a depositary of funds received, as banker, broker or commission merchant. Assignments not allowed, unless under this law. Attachments when defendant is a non- resident, or in an action upon contract for direct payment of money, where plaintiff has no security, the plaintiff giving bond. Real estate exemption-Homestead to value of $5,000. Personal property exemption-$200 library, etc .; $200 house- hold goods, etc .; $2,000 miner's cabin, and tools, claims, sluices, etc., and a multitude of special articles.
Colorado .- No insolvent or assignment law. Attachments (plaintiffs giving bond) when defendant is non-resident, or con- ceals himself, or stands in defiance of officer, or in case of fraud, etc. Real estate exemption-Homestead to value of $2,000. Personal property exemption-Married person-$100 household goods; $200 tools in trade; $300 library; $200 working animals; $50 farming implements. Unmarried person-$300 tools, stock in trade, etc.
Connecticut .- Insolvent law, with compulsory proceedings, which may be taken by creditor to amount of $100. Prop- erty put into hands of trustee. Discharge from debts proved, upon payment of seventy per cent. Debtor's property exempt for two years from legal process upon debts which might have been proved. Assignments must be administered under this law. Attachments on mesne process, in all cases. Real Estate Exemption-There is no real estate exemption. Personal Prop- erty Exemption-$150 household goods, cattle, etc .; $250 horse, buggy, family stores, to specified amount; $500 library of phy- sician or surgeon; $200 boat used in fishing.
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