USA > Illinois > Will County > Souvenir of settlement and progress of Will County, Ill. A review of the lives of our presidents, political, military and commercial history of the United States and of the state of Illinois Business directory of Joliet Comp. specially for the people of the county > Part 6
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Dakota .- No insolvent law. Assignments without prefer- ences allowed, but are void against any creditor not assenting thereto, if they tend to coerce the creditor to release his claim, or provide for payment of fraudulent claim, or reserve any benefit to assignor, or confer any power upon assignee, which may delay the conversion of the assigned property, or exempt the assignee from liability for neglect of duty, etc. Attach- ments (plaintiff giving bond) when defendant is non-resident, absconds, conceals, or conveys property in fraud of creditors, etc. Real Estate Exemption-Homestead, 160 acres; or lot, or plot of ground actually occupied in town. Personal Property Exemption-$1,500, books, wearing apparel, etc.
Delaware .- No insolvent law. Assignments governed by the common law, except that a special partnership may not give preferences. Attachments (plaintiff giving bond) when defendant has fraudulently left the State, etc. Real Estate Exemption-No real estate exemption. Personal Property Ex- emption-Married person, $275 tools and fixtures. Unmarried person $75 tools and fixtures.
District of Columbia .- No insolvent or assignment laws,
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except that assignments of the property of a special partner- ship, with preferences, are void. Attachments (plaintiff giving bond) when the defendant is non-resident, or removes, or is about to remove his property, etc. Real Estate Exemption- No real estate exemption. Personal Property Exemption-$300 wearing apparel and furniture; $200 tools and implements of trade; stock to same amount; $300 library and implements of professional man or artist; $100 farmer's team, etc .; $400 library and family pictures.
Florida .- No insolvent or assignment law. Attachments (plaintiff giving bond) when defendant is non-resident, or about to part with his property fraudulently, or remove from the State, or fraudulently secretes property, etc. Real Estate Ex- emption-Homestead 160 acres land and improvements in country, or half an acre in village or city. Personal Property Exemption-$1,000 personal property.
Georgia .- No insolvent law. Assignments regulated by statute, which forbids preferences, or making a release of the debtor a condition precedent to receipt of dividends. Attach- ments (the plaintiff giving bond) when the defendant is non- resident, absconds, conceals himself, resists a legal arrest, re- moves, or is about to remove, his property, or fraudulently dis- poses of the same. Real Estate Exemption-Married person, guardian, aged or infirm person, or any person having care of dependent. Female who is not the head of family is entitled to amount of realty, or personalty, or both, to the value of $1,600 in the aggregate.
Idaho .- Insolvent law, under which the debtor is discharged upon making an assignment, as therein provided, except in cases of fraud. Attachments (plaintiff giving bond) in actions upon contract for the direct payment of money, when the plaintiff has no lien or security, or when the defendant is a non-resident, etc. Real Estate Exemption-No real estate ex- emption. Personal Property Exemption-$100 library, tables, desks, etc .; $200 grain, seed, or vegetables, mechanics' tools, physicians' or surgeon's instruments, actors' wardrobes, etc., miners' tools and implements, cartmen's specified horses and wagons.
Illinois .- No insolvent law. Assignments, wishout prefer- ence, allowed and regulated by statute. Attachments (plaintiff giving bond) when the defendant is non-resident, absconds, conceals himself, or his property, is guilty of fraud, etc. Real Estate Exemption-Lot of ground and buildings, value $1,000, to head of family. Personal Property Exemption-Unmarried person, books, pictures, wearing apparel, and $100 other prop- erty. Married person, books, etc., $300 other property.
Indiana .- No insolvent law. Assignments, without prefer- ences or provision for release of debtor, allowed and regulated
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by statute. Attachments substantially same as in Illinois. Real Estate Exemption-$300 real, or personal, or both.
Iowa .- No insolvent law. Assignments, without prefer- ences, allowed and regulated by statute. Attachments sub- stantially same as in Illinois. Real Estate Exemption-$500 homestead of forty acres in country, or half an acre in town. Personal Property Exemption-$200 household furniture; also, wearing apparel, library, tools, etc .; $75 wearing apparel and selected property to unmarried person.
Kansas .- No insolvent law. Assignments, without prefer- ence, allowed and regulated by statute. Attachments substan- tially same as in Illinois. Real Estate Exemption-160 acres land; or one acre in town or city, with improvements. Per- sonal Property Exemption-$500 household furniture, wearing apparel, etc .; $300 stock and farming utensils; $400 library and implements of professional man.
Kentucky .- No insolvent law. Assignments regulated by statute. Any preference may be set aside in six months. At- tachments substantially as in Illinois. Real Estate Exemp- tion-$1,000 house and land. Personal Property Exemption- $100 household furniture; $500 library and implements of pro- fessional man; $100 mechanics' tools.
Louisiana .- Insolvent law, with compulsory proceedings by a judgment creditor, upon return of the execution "no prop- erty found." The debtor makes a surrender to the creditors, and may be discharged by the consent of a majority of creditors in number and amount, except in case fraud or preference is proved. Assignments, without preference, may be made with- out regard to the insolvent law. Attachments substantially as in Illinois. Real Estate Exemption-160 acres land, with im- provements, and personal property; value in all, $2,000.
Maine .- Insolvent law, passed in 1878, modeled on the United States Bankrupt Law Voluntary petition may be filed by debtor owing $300. Involuntary proceedings by at least two creditors; having one fourth in amount of the provable debts. Debtors owing less than $300 may make an assignment in a summary manner. No percentage is required to be paid to entitle a debtor, for the first time insolvent, to discharge. Attachments within four months from date of filing petition dissolved. Preferences given within two months void, and may be recovered by assignee. Assignments are probably acts of insolvency, and may be set aside by the assignee in insolv- ency, if made within four months of the filing of the petition. Otherwise, probably good, if without preferences. Attach- ments on mesne process in all cases. Real Estate Exemption- $500 in land and dwelling. Personal Property Exemption-$50 furniture; $100 sewing-machine; $150 library; $350 animals, clothing, tools, etc.
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Maryland. - Insolvent law, under which the debtor is dis- charged upon surrender of his property, except where fraud or preference is proved. Assignments subject to rules of common law. Attachments (plaintiff giving bond) when defendant is non-resident, and in cases of fraud, etc. Real Estate Exemp- tion-No real estate exempted. Personal Property Exemption- $100 in selected property; also, tools and wearing apparel.
Massachusetts .- Insolvent law, similar to the United States Bankrupt Law. Proceedings generally the same, except that involuntary petition may be filed by one creditor, and the acts of insolvency are not so numerous. Discharge upon payment of fifty per cent, or by consent of a majority of number and value of creditors. None in case of fraud or preference. As- signments are acts of insolvency, but good if not avoided by assignee in insolvency. Attachments on mesne process, in all cases. Real Estate Exemption-$800 farm, or lot of land and buildings. Personal Property Exemption-$720 household furniture, stock, library, provisions, etc.
Michigan .- Insolvent law, by which a debtor, with the con- sent of two thirds of his creditors, and upon surrendering his property, may be discharged. Assignments allowed. Attach- ments (plaintiff giving bond) issue when defendant is a non- resident, or is guilty of fraud, etc. Real Estate Exemption -- 40 acres of land in country; or one lot in city, with dwelling, $1,500. Personal Property Exemption-$250 household furni- ture; $150 library; sheep, cows, etc., to householder, in addi- tion.
Minnesota .- No insolvent law. Assignments, without pref- erence, allowed and regulated by statute. Attachments (plaint- iff giving bond) when defendant is non-resident, conceals his property, is guilty of fraud, etc. Real Estate Exemption-80 acres land, or lot and dwelling in city, or village of more than 5,000 inhabitants, and half an acre in town of less than 5,000. Personal Property Exemption-$500 household articles; $300 farming utensils; $400 mechanics' tools, stock, and provisions; library and implements of professional man.
Mississippi .- No insolvent law. Assignments not requiring a release of the debtor allowed. Attachments (plaintiff giving bond) when defendant is non-resident, conceals property, or is guilty of fraud, etc. Real Estate Exemption-80 acres land to any householder; $2,000 worth of real property in incorporated town. Personal Property Exemption-$250 furniture; library, wearing apparel, tools, and implements.
Missouri .- No insolvent law. Assignments, without pref- erence, allowed and regulated by statnte. Attachments (plaint- iff giving bond) when defendant is non-resident, conceals himself or property, or is guilty of fraud. Real Estate Exemption-160 acres land to married man, to value of $1,500; 18 square rods,
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value $3,000, in city of 40,000 or over; 30 square rods, value $1,500, in city of less size. Personal Property Exemption- $300 personal property to head of family.
Montana .- No insolvent or assignment laws. Attachments in actions upon contracts to pay money, the plaintiff giving bond in double the value of property attached; also before debt due, if debtor fraudulently disposes of his property to defraud his creditors. Real Estate Exemption-160 acres land and dwelling in country; or half an acre, with buildings, $2,000 value, in city; or 20 acres in city, value $2,000. Personal Property Exemption-$500 personal property; $100 household furniture; $50 farming implements, library, tools, etc.
Nebraska .- No insolvent law. Assignments, without pref- erence, allowed and regulated by a recent statute (1877). Attachments (plaintiff giving bond) when defendant is non- resident, or conceals property, or is guilty of fraud, etc.
Nevada .- Insolvent law. No percentage or consent required for discharge, which is only from debts mentioned in debtor's schedules. None, if fraud or preference, etc. Assignments forbidden. Attachments (plaintiff giving bond) in actions upon contract for direct payment of money, where plaintiff has no security. Real Estate Exemption-$5,000 homestead. Per- sonal Property Exemption-$100 office furniture and library; $400 household furniture, seed, and stock; $500 miner's cabin; $500 miner's tools; $150 sewing-machine.
New Hampshire .- No insolvent law. Assignments, without preference or provision for release of debtor, allowed and regu- lated by statute. Attachments on mesne process, in all cases.
New Jersey .- No proper insolvent law. Assignment law, by which the debtor is discharged from the debt proved under assignment, except where the debtor is guilty of fraud, or con- cealment, etc. Attachments when defendant is non-resident or absconds from his creditors. Real Estate Exemption-No real estate exemption. Personal Property Exemption-$200 personal by head of family, or $200 personal by widow of deceased.
New Mexico .- No insolvency or assignment laws. Attach- ments substantially as in Illinois. Real Estate Exemption- $1,000 homestead to head of family. Personal Property Exemp- tion-$25 provisions; $10 furniture; $25 tools and implements.
New York .- Insolvent law, under which the debtor sur- rendering his property is discharged by consent of the persons representing two thirds of the debts. No discharge if fraud or preference is proved. No involuntary proceedings unless the debtor is imprisoned. Assignments and the duties of assignees have been regulated by recent acts (1877 and 1878). Attach- ments substantially as in Illinois. Real Estate Exemption- $1,000 homestead for family. Personal Property Exemption- $250 household furniture, etc.
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North Carolina .- A law by which, upon surrendering his property, the person of the debtor is free from liability to arrest or imprisonment, except when fraud is proved; but the debt is not discharged. Assignments allowed. Attachments substan- tially as in Illinois. Real Estate Exemption-$1,000 homestead. Personal Property Exemption-$500 personal to non-owner of homestead; $100 tools, etc.
Ohio .- A law similar to that of North Carolina. Assign- ments, without preference, allowed and regulated by statute. Attachments substantially as in Illinois.
Oregon .- Attachments (plaintiff giving bond) upon all con- tracts, payment of which is unsecured. Voluntary assignment law dissolves attachments, if made at any time before judgment, distributes assets pro rata among all creditors presenting claims within three months. Real Estate Exemption-No real estate exemption. Personal Property Exemption-$75 library, etc .; $100 wearing apparel; if householder, $50 each member; $400 tools, implements, etc .; $300 household furniture and stock, to householder.
Pennsylvania .- Law similar to that of North Carolina. Assignments, without preference, allowed and regulated by statute. Attachments substantially as in Illinois. Real Estate Exemption-$300 real or personal.
Rhode Island .- No insolvent law. Assignments allowed, and regulated by a recent statute, which took effect September, 1878. Attachments, or levies, within sixty days after the same are made or commenced, may be dissolved by an assignment, without preferences, under the act. Upon the giving of a preference by the debtor, any three creditors, holding not less than one third of the debts, may petition the Supreme Court in Equity for the appointment of a receiver of his estate, who is to take possession like an assignee in bankruptcy. Preferences given by the debtor within sixty days of the commencement of proceedings are void, as under the United States Bankrupt Law. There is no provision for the discharge of the debtor. Attach- ments, when defendant is non-resident, or fraudulently con- tracted the debt, or conceals or disposes of his property, or has refused to apply his property to the payment thereof. Real Estate Exemption-No real estate exemption. Personal Prop- erty Exemption-$300 household furniture, etc .; $200 tools, implements, etc.
South Carolina .- No insolvent law. Assignments according to common law. Attachments substantially as in Illinois. Real Estate Exemption-$1,000 homestead to head of family. Per- sonal Property Exemption-$500 household furniture, tools, etc.
Tennessee .- Law as to insolvency and assignments same as in South Carolina. Attachments substantially as in Illinois. Real Estate Exemption-$1,000 homestead. Personal Property
,
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Exemption-$200 of lumber or product to mechanic; various household articles and stock specified.
Texas .- Law as to insolvency and assignments same as in South Carolina. Attachments substantially as in Illinois. Real Estate Exemption-200 acres and dwelling in country, or lots in city, value $5,000. Personal Property Exemption-Library, tools, wearing apparel, etc.
Utah .- Law as to insolvency and assignments same as in South Carolina. Attachments (when plaintiff has no security) substantially as in Illinois. Real Estate Exemption-$1,000 homestead. Personal Property Exemption-$100 office furni- ture; $100 seed; $400 mechanics' tools or professional library; $200 cash each member of family; also various articles.
Vermont .- Insolvent law of 1876, modeled on the United States Bankrupt Law, with involuntary proceedings by one creditor to amount of $250. No discharge, unless assets equal thirty per cent of debts, or by consent of majority in number and amount of debts proved. No discharge also in substantially same cases as in Bankrupt Law. Assignments appear to be acts of insolvency, which may be set aside by an assignee in insolvency, if made within four months of filing his petition. Attachments on mesne process, in all cases. Real Estate Exemption-$500 homestead. Personal Property Exemption- $200 library professional man; $200 cattle; $250 wagons, har- ness, etc.
Virginia .- No insolvent or assignment laws. Attachments substantially as in Illinois. Real Estate Exemption-$2,000 real or personal.
Washington Territory .- Law as to insolvency and assign- ments same as Virginia. Attachments substantially as in Illinois. Real Estate Exemption-$1,000 homestead. Per- sonal Property Exemption-$150 household furniture; $200 farming utensils; $500 mechanic's tools or materials; $500 pro- fessional library or instruments; $200 office furniture; $300 teamster's wagon, etc .; $200 boats, etc.
West Virginia .- No insolvent law. Assignments regulated by statute, preferences being allowed. Attachments same as in Virginia. Real Estate Exemption-$1,000 homestead. Per- sonal Property Exemption-$200 personal; $50 mechanic's tools. Wisconsin .- Insolvent law, by which a debtor is discharged upon surrendering property and complying with law. Assign- ments, with preferences, unless by limited partnerships, allowed and regulated by statute. Attachments substantially as in Illinois. Real Estate Exemption-40 acres land and dwelling in country, or one fourth acre and dwelling in city or village. Personal Property Exemption-$200 household furniture; $50 farming utensils; $200 tools and implements; $1,500 printing- press and material.
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Wyoming .- No assignment or insolvent laws. Attachments substantially as in Illinois. Real Estate Exemption-$1,500 homestead. Personal Property Exemption-$150 wearing ap- parel; $500 household property; $300 tools, teams, etc.
Weights and Measures .- Congress adopted the decimal system in the subdivision of moneys. In 1836 a law was passed for regulating the weights and measures of the Union, by which the Secretary of the Treasury was directed to supply standards of weights, of length, and of capacity, according to the standards of Great Britain, to the Govern- ors of States and to revenue collectors. Mr. John Quincy Adams had reported, in 1821, in favor of the British stand- ards, because they were in general use, and a change to the decimal principle, as had been effected in France, would be attended with great embarrassment. The measure of time and circular motion is the same in America and Europe. The Troy weight of Britain was adopted in the United States for weighing coin and bullion. Our apothecaries compound their medicines by the Troy pound and a subdi- vision of their own. The Avoirdupois weight used in Eng- land is also our legal standard for weighing all other articles bought or sold by weight. The British and the United States statute acre, square yard, square foot and square inch, and the mile, yard, foot and inch, are the same.
Square Measure .- 144 square inches equal 1 square foot; 9 square feet 1 square yard; 30} square yards 1 square rod or pole; 40 square rods 1 square rood; 4 square roods 1 square acre (or 43,560 feet); 640 square acres 1 square mile.
Measures of Weight .- Avoirdupois-16 drams equal 1 ounce; 16 ounces 1 pound; 112 pounds 1 hundred weight; 20 hundred weight 1 ton. Troy-24 grains equal 1 pennyweight; 20. pen- nyweights 1 ounce; 12 ounces 1 pound. Apothecaries'-20 grains equal 1 scruple; 3 scruples 1 dram; 8 drams 1 ounce; 12 ounces 1 pound.
Measures of Length .- 163 feet equal 1 rod or pole; 40 rods 1 furlong; 8 furlongs (or 5,280 feet) 1 mile; 60 geographical miles 1 degree. Ropes and Cables-6 feet equal 1 fathom; 120 fathoms 1 cable's length; 22 cables 1 league.
Solid or Cubic Measure .- 1,728 inches equal 1 cubic foot; 27 cubic feet 1 cubic yard; 40 cubic feet or round timber 1 ton; 50 cubic feet of hewn timber 1 ton; 16 cubic feet of wood 1 foot of wood; 8 feet (or 128 cubic feet) 1 cord; 1 perch of stone equal to 24.75 cubic feet.
Measures of Capacity .- Dry-2150.42 cubic inches equal 1 United States (or Winchester) bushel, the dimensions of which are 183 in. diameter inside, 193 in. outside, and 8 in. deep;
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2747.70 cubic inches 1 heaped bushel, the cone of which must not be less than 6 inches high.
Measures of Capacity .- Liquids-231 cubic inches equal 1 United States standard gallon; 282 cubic inches 1 ale gallon; 31} United States gallons 1 barrel; 42 gallons 1 tierce; 63 gallons 1 hogshead; 84 gallons 1 puncheon; 126 gallons 1 pipe; 252 gallons 1 tun.
Gallons .- The United States standard gallon contains 8.3389 avoirdupois pounds of distilled water; 1 gallon of ale weighs 10.05 lbs .; 1 gallon sperm oil 74 lbs .; 1 gallon linseed oil 72 lbs .; 1 gallon proof sprits 7 lbs. 15 oz .; 1 gallon spirits of tur- pentine 7 lbs. 5 oz.
Weight of Various Substances .- Avoirdupois-1 cubic foot of bricks weigh 124 pounds; 1 cubic foot clay 230 lbs .; 1 cubic foot sand or loose earth 95 lbs .; 1 cubic foot common soil 124 lbs .; 1 cubic foot cork 15 lbs .; 1 cubic foot marble 171 lbs .; 1 cubic foot granite 165 lbs .; 1 cubic foot cast iron 450.55 lbs .; 1 cubic foot wrought iron 486.650 lbs .; 1 cubic foot copper 555 lbs .; 1 cubic foot lead 708.75 lbs. ; 1 cubic foot brass 534.75 lbs .; 1 cubic foot tin 436 lbs .; 1 cubic foot white pine 29.56 lbs .; 1 cubic foot elm 34.9 lbs .; 1 cubic foot English oak 60.04 lbs .; 1 cubic foot sea water 64.3 lbs .; 1 cubic foot fresh water 62.05 lbs .; 1 cubic foot air .07529 lbs .; 1 cubic foot steam .03689 lbs.
Weight of a Bushel .- Wheat 60 lbs .; corn or rye 56 lbs .; oats 32 lbs .; barley or buckwheat 48 lbs .; cracked corn, corn or rye meal, or any other meal except oat meal, 50 lbs .; onions 56 lbs .; salt 70 lbs .; a ton 2,000 lbs.
Weight of Lead Pipe per Foot .- Medium { in. 1 lb .; } in. 1 1b. 5 oz .; g in. 2 lbs. 3 oz .; & in. 2 lbs. 11 oz. : 1 in. 3 lbs. 7 oz .; 14 in. 3 lbs. 11 oz .; 1} in. 5 lbs. 3 oz .; 12 in. 5 lbs. 5 oz .; 2 in. 6 lbs. 11 oz .; 23 in. 10 lbs .; 3 in. 11 lbs. 10 oz .; 3} in. 15 lbs.
Chronology .- The Chronological History of the United States has been prepared with great care. It covers the leading events in American history, and for this reason it must prove invaluable as a plain record and reference.
1492 Columbus sails from Spain, August 3; arrives at San Sal- vador, October 12; at Cuba, October 28; and Hayti, De- cember 6.
1497 Cabot discovers Labrador, July 3.
1498 Columbus discovers South America, August 10.
1501 Negro slaves imported into Spanish America, or His- paniola.
Americus Vespucius discovers Brazil.
1506 Columbus died, May 20.
1512 Florida discovered by Ponce de Leon, April 6.
1513 Balboa discovers Pacific ocean.
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UNITED STATES HISTORY.
1520 Carolina visited by Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon, September 29
1534-35 Cartier came up St. Lawrence to Montreal in June.
1521 Mexico conquered by Cortez.
1524 Coast of North America explored by John Verazani.
1541 De Soto discovered the Mississippi.
1562 Huguenots settled at Port Royal.
1564 Huguenots settled in Florida.
1565 St. Augustine, Fla., settled by Spaniards, September 18.
1583 Henry Gilbert's troops take New Foundland.
1585 First English colony arrived on Roanoke Island under Sir Walter Raleigh.
1587 Second attempt to form the settlement.
1602 Cape Cod discovered by Bart. Gosnold, May 24.
1605 Port Royal, N. S., settled by the French.
1606 London and Plymouth Companies chartered.
1607 Jamestown settled by the London Company.
Plymouth Company began to settle on Kennebec river, August 21.
1608 Quebec founded by the French under Champlain, July 3.
1609 Virginia received its second charter, June 2. Hudson river discovered by Hudson, September 21.
1610 Starving time in Virginia.
1612 Virginia received its third charter, March 22.
1613 Pocahontas married to Rolfe in April.
1614 John Smith explored New England coast. New York settled by the Dutch.
1616 Tobacco culture commenced in Virginia. Father Le Caron in the West.
1620 Plymouth, Mass., settled by Puritans. Negroes introduced as slaves.
Charter granted to Council of Plymouth.
A Dutch vessel with first negro slaves entered James river.
1621 Treaty with Massasoit, April 1.
1622 First Indian massacre in Virginia, April 1.
1623 New Hampshire settled at Little Harbor and Dover.
1627 Delaware and New Jersey settled by Swedes and Finns.
1632 Maryland settled by Irish Catholics, under the leadership of Lord Baltimore at St. Mary's, and Baltimore named after a village of that name in Cork county, Ireland. 1632-4 College founded at Baltimore. Nicollet traveled in Michigan and the West.
1633 Connecticut settled at Windsor in October.
1636 Rhode Island settled at Providence. Harvard College founded.
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