USA > Illinois > Edwards County > Standard atlas of Edwards County, Illinois : including a plat book of the villages, cities and townships of the county. Map of the state, United States and world. Patrons directory, reference business directory and departments devoted to general information. Analysis of the system of U.S. Land surveys, digest of the system of civil government, etc. etc, 1907 > Part 3
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These Township and Rang. Janues, crossing each other, me how soon Diagram B, fort septares, which are called "Townships" or " Government Townelage." which are sit miles senare, or as nearly that as it is possible to make them. "These Townships are a very important feature in locating on to subire is para of land. The location of a Government Township, however, Is very to adds found when the number of the Township and Ringe is zon, by menly counting the number anda ated from the Base Lomosand Funeral Mas han As an example of this. Township & North, Range I West of the al lunesal
TOWNSHIPS OF LAND.
T OWNSHIP'S are the largest sub- Avatotts of land run out by the Vinted States Surveyors. In the Governmentil Surveys Township Lines are the first to le run, and a Townships Corner is established every six unles and marked, This is called "Townshipping." After the Township torners have lwen cate- fully lov ded, the Svetion aind Quarter Section Corners are established. Each Township is six miles square and contains 23,040 seres. or 36 square miles, as near as it is possible to make them. Tms, however, is fre- quently made impossible br: ( Ist) the pres- ence of lakes and large streams ; (And) by State brandaries ont falling exactly on Township Lines ; (3rd) by the convergence of Meridians or curvature of the earth's surface : and (4th) by .naccurate surveys.
Each Townsbip, unless it is one of the exceptional cases referred to, is divided into 36 squares, which are called Sections. These Sections are intended to be one mile, or 320 rods, square and contain 640 acres of lund. Sections are numbered consecutively from 1 to 36, as shown on Diagram 4. Beginning with Section 1 in the Nort ienst Corner, they ron West to 6, then Eust to 12, then West to 18, and so on, back and forth. until they end with Section 36 in the Southeast Corner.
Diagram 4 shows a plat of a Township as it is divided and platted by the govern- ment surveyors. These Townships are called Government Townships or Congres- sional Townships, to distinguish them from Civil Townships or organized Townships, as frequentiy the lines of organized Town- ships do not conform to the Government Township lines.
SECTIONS OF LAND.
D TAGRAM 5 illustrates how a section (45 Im suislivuled, although the 189.0 R Diagram only gives a few of the 743 P. many subdivisions into which a eeetion mar be divided. All Sections (except fractional Sertions) are supposed to be 320 rods, or one mile. square and therefore contain 649 acres-a number easily divisibile. Sections are subdivided into fractional parts to suit the convenience of the owners of the land. A half-section contains 320 arres; a quarter-section contains log neres; leuf of a quarter contains 80 acres, and quarter of a quarter contains 49 artes, and so on. Esch piece of fatul is described according to the portion of the section winch it embeurre-a- the Northeast quarter of Section 10; or the Southeast quarter of the Southeast quarter of spetoch Inh Diagram 5 shows how many of these subdivisions are platted, and also shows the plyn of designating and de scribing them by mitial letters a each parcel of land on the Diagram is marked with its description.
AB lea- already been grated. all Sections (except Fractional Sections which are explained else- where) are - apposed to contain lift arres, and even though oustaken have been made IR surtrying, as is frequently the case, making sections langer of smaller than hity acres, the liavernment recog- bizes no variation, but a Its nr grants euch regular w ftatt ns vontanung + 40 se res "pitre vy let "The & serment surveyors are not required to solodiade sertone by sunring hitne within them, that they nonally establish Quarter Posts ou Section Liter en esch gele of a se tion at the points mais. I A. B. C. and D. on Dispraia 5. After establishing Towarup nene 2. Se Tion Lunes are the next to he run, tumul ses biot ear- nera are not theshed. When there are carefully Incated the Queuter Posta ore bratr di ant fruitduas
DIAGRAM 5.
w. 12 320 ACRES.
N E. 1/4
Quarter Pest
N. 1/2 of S. E. 1/+
RC A
8. E."
of 9. E. ,
411 A
BUBDIVIDING A SECTION.
DIAGRAM 4
20 R
O A.
MPD
BOA
77 R
6
6
3
2
78 ₽
R
PO R.
8
10
LAKE = 11 /
12
07 R.
18
16
15
14
19
103 2 R,
106 A R.
-
23
24 24
2
113 4 R
TIMBER
415 6
-
19 2 R.
22 0 R.
30
29
28
27
26
26
120 H
120
134 2 F.
31
32
33
34
35
36
Diagram 6 illustrates how thu surplus of deficiency of landt insule nf these Sections ja distributed and sluch "furtus"or "erchtis" tt affrets. From thua arrangement it willbe sven that in any Section that touches the North of West Township Lastes, the Southeast Quarter may be full -- 160 acres-while another quarter of the same Section may be much larger or smaller. Frequently these fractional "forties" or "eighties" are Jotted as shown in Diesem 6. They are always described as fractional truets of land, as the " from tional S. W. + of Section 6, " etc Of course those portions of these Seetwas which are not affected by these variations are described in the osbul manner-as Southeast { of Section 6. As a rule Town-hope are narrower at the North than at the South-ile. The Mecolumns of Longitude (which ran North and South ) convergeas they run North and South from the Doestor. They begin at the Equator wole a definite width between them and griloally converge untiltlu yall mert at the poles, Non, as the lingr hoesure run North atul South, it will at our be seen that the convergence of Morphans will cause every d'agressional Town-loop ( North of The Equator to be narrowri af ats North than at its South side, as stated Sen Diagram 4 In suddition to time fort, nastakes of measurement are constantly and almost unavoidably noude In running luth Towushupatal Range lines, ami if tis few starting juatits DIAGRAM 6. become confused and nureliable, and the size and ringer of Townelpa materially affected by the time the
INT
Lor 3.
LUT !.
LOT 1.
A3
80.5
62 AC.
ACRES.
ACRES.
ACHES.
pol Mrindien. In ouler to Porwert the surveys and variations tasmed by the shifferenen of latitude and Lur &
20 40.
ACRES. * |
M R
LUE 0.
¥32 AC.
=
44 ₽
100 ACRES.
Fur T.
80 ACRES.
160 Baks
4 37 AC.
-
PLAT OF A FRACTIONAL SECTION.
15252525252525252
romaful wegsturen nt, mint the als
DIAURAM 3
.
.
*
....
PARP LINK
RALF TIRW
TUW FUNNITS MI
FRACTIONAL PIECES OF LAND.
de
CONGRESSIONAL Townships vary considerubly ns to size and boundaries. Mistakes made in surveying and the fact that Meridians converge as they run North canse every Township to vary more or less from the 23.040 acres which a perfect Township would contain. See Diagram 4. In arranging n Township into Sections all the surplus or deficiency of land is given to, or taken from, the North and West tiers of Sections. In other words, el! Sections in the Township are made ft. il- 640 acres-except those on the North and West, which are given all the lund that je left after forming the other 25 Sections.
Diagram 4 illustrates how the surplus or deficiency is distributed and tho Sections it « rectg. It will be seen that Sertions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 18, 19, 30 and 31. are the " Fractional Sections," or the Sections winch are affected if the Township overruns or falls short. Inside of these F'ractional Sections, all of the surplus or deficiency of land (over or under 640 acres) is carried to the " forties " or "eighties" that tooch the Township Line. These pieces of lund are called "Fractional Forties" or " Fractions! Eighties," as the case may he Dagrams 4 and 6 chow the manner of murlung the arrenge and outlining the boundaries of theso " Fractione."
19
20
พิ
22
Worth of the Bone Luta a Corner livets Line is run East and West parmiel twenty-four miles South of the
80 ACRES.
¥3 09
10
100 A.
though it is ront insively shown that mintakia have been male whey ca some ations of quarter spatbord to be es led water or -matter than others" The laws, however, of att the State a provide por son rah . for local and BOTH tu follow in derling S.rimas into smaller Governmental worsesa Formationer. in den- Ihig nepttiter ser but nite fun purple, the the- tto last seen the Government Corners tw enti Sally twee and the new test in kanter at followed su casmen? a l "orghitien," "fortu." "Iwantis," etr In the way, if the Grovetip
alone the North of What color of a Township.
RIVER
SUPPL MENT I11.
DIGEST OF THE SYSTEM OF CIVIL. GOVERNMENT.
-
The Bureau of Accounts, in which allof the famous e sal the de ports , ag ente li of shorts
DIGEST OF THE SYSTEM
CIVIL GOVERNMENT.
WITH A REVIEW DI IHT
DUTIES AND TOWERS OF THE PRINCIPAL OFFICIALS CONNECTED WITH THE VARIOUS BRANCHES OF NATHINAL, STATE, COUNTY AND TOWASHIP GOVERNMENT.
NATIONAL GOVERNMENT.
T WIE GOVERNMENT of the United States is one of haunted ard specthe powers, stru the outlined and denned by a written con- stitution The constitution w is mileped in ipse, and, with the amendment- that hive site 'con unale # forms the bisis ot the entire labrie at government under which we live. Th- constitution created three distinct branches of government, each of which is entirely sepurite und afistinct tiem the other. They are the I tion of Brands hat diese departments, AAfi Firas atul demails rather Is executive, legislative and julietal departments The constitution vs- cifically vests the eveentive power in the Presulent, but all members of the cabinet are usually elissen with the executive department, the legislative power is held by Congress and the jeduhh authority Is vested in the Supreme Court amt y inous other . wurts which congress has provided for in pursuance of the provisions of the institution
It has been the any of these pages to explain each of these dulerent branches of government, and to p,telly review the duties and powers of the principal oltre, i> connected with each de portun nt
The President and Vice-President are elected in popular vote, but the vote of exch State is separate, so that a candidate may line a late majonty of the aggreg ite popular vote of the commiry and set 2 11 to be elected. The Presidential election is held on the first Tueslut after the first Monday in November, when Presidential elector are chosen in and for the various States, each State having as many eleitor as it has rep- Presentatives in both branches of Congress The cinture are chosen is constitute an electoral college The electors meet in each Stab at the capital on the best We tuesday in December following a National cies- tion adit vote for President and Vice- President, certim .nes of which are forwanted to the President of the Sebiite, at Washington, who on the secondi Wednesday in February opens the certifie 'es and counts the votes in the presence of both Houses of Congress amil leclare. the result; and the final step is the inauguration, which takes place on the 4th of March. The law provides that if neither of the can intates have a mant- ity then the House of Representatives shall elect a l'reculent from the three candidates receiving the highest electoral vote In ciections of this kitud each State is entitled to ouly one vole, and two-thirds of the State ' forin a quorum.
PRESIDENT OF THE ENITED STATES,
The President is the highest executive officer ni the I'nited States He is elected lor the term of four years, ind reven es a salary of $50,0ou per annum He must be thirty-five years old or mene Jule natur born citizen of the United States The Promptent is charged with a general supervision over the faithful execution id liws passed hy Congress, and has supervision over all executive departments of the government appoints a Lalunet of eight officials who Income the lieads of the various departments, and these departments are intendeil to be managed ard conducted as the President threats The Presulent is Commamler-11- Chief of the Anny aml Navs Hi has power to grant pinions amit re prieves for all offerses against the l'inter States, except in cares of im peachment; ha, power, with the advice and roppant of the Senate, tu male treaties He goinmates, and with the sulvise .und cuny nt of the Senate, appoints Auib os.alors and other pulilne Ministers and Consuis all Judges of the United States courts, and all other . vecutive officers of the United States, except in such cases where the appointment - may be vested in the various "departments " When the Senate is not in session he can appoint, subject to its artion when it ressembles, He has power, in certun extraordinary occasions, to i all together both Houses of Congress, or either of them, in extra sessant, and is requiere i troms time to time to cuminunicale with Congress as to the state of tite I'mion, and offer such suggestion- or recommend ations as In may drem turoper. He is empowered to approve or seto all me asures adopted by Congress, but it is pruspled that day micasure may be passed over his veto by a two thinks vite of Congress
The President consults frequently with his Cabinet, and nearly all important official inatte rs are alive ussell hy that lauly In case the office of Presplent hetonu . varant through the akath, removal of resignation of the incumbent, the law print,'s that the uthwe shall in turn Ir tilled by the Vice-President, Secretary of State and other Cabinet Ministers In regular order.
TH. PRESIDENT
The Vice-President of th a matul States is elected for the terms of four years, and rer + 1\ \ a salary of funsind In co . of the ih ith ". masal no rushnation of the Prespleut, the Vice-President succes Is In The chief lots of the Vice President as to act as the pre thing effect of The Senate He has an ente in the Senate, rvo pt in cases d Fue. or an equ il division of the members of that Ionly In Vio Preswk nt ad- misist Es the uath of office lo thi Scantors
MIATT DEPARTMENT
The head of this ab partment is the secretary of State, who is op- Fronted by the Pre-plint as a member ot tho cihurt, and receives s salary of form per year The Is pourby that were the after of bathe the Presplent and Vier t'es what the Storelats of Stile assumes
the i bu faydomath . boer in the listed stat - In hab pontment and 1
The Diplomatic Bureau, with baik . after the affaits pirtaming to : cantit, and . stol the warine vit ant ta Inted snitt. in both !
The Consular Bureau, enstrspekter with courolaten,
The Bureau of Indexes and Archives, the king of which are in The Si Ppen, desde , not put no Le
Pis, alaska, and assistants, at the number well up with the thems unde,
TREASURY DEPARTMENT
This of Partment was ere int enfin 1971 The Ia ul of this akp irt- Ment, known as the Secretary of the Iraisins, is ggwanted by the Jus se bum. The In sttry I pattment Is om of the must intendant bor it lies of the bitiout! government, as & his . harge ot the miamiil al mis of the cose moment, custody of public funds, collection of res me wat ini. tenance of public credit Amor z the miny miportant dutit's devising upon this department are the following. It attends tothe sol-
die L mited States of a_ minst them, and id the accounts in which the Lamed States are Interested, either as delitots of ciciliters, must be set- ncluites the Bureau of the Mint, m which the government coth ard annievs ate mamifartired. The Treasury Department anthnit'es the organization of rational banks and his supervision over them, has charge of the coast surveys. the lighttimes, marme hospitals, etc. It has charge of all smomess belonging to the United States; designates depositories of public monets, keeps a complete and accurate system of acci amena, showing the receipts and disbursements of the Treasury. and makes reports at stated intervals showing the condition of public tuances, pu'mic expenditures and the jubilie debt.
There are a great rin y vent muita rfint officials connected with the Treasury Depart ment, chief among which are the following, via: J'ai- sate secretary of the head of the depielment, at 82, 400 per year; three
mahers Gasskm. $400, chiet . ; custom, ilvision, 82,50007, acting chet Umaade turilor by Eningivas, The Secretary of the Navy Inds direct of revenue marine di sion, 32,500, chiel of stationery division, siamo; . hint of souls and current v this isum, 82,500, chuck of miscellaneous dis- -ion, 82,000, supervisst ( sper wil ager t, 8% per day , goverment actuary, +1,500 supervising architect 84, 3%), stramtwat inspector, 81,500, chiel Bureau DE Santis, saiMal ble saving service superintendent, Jak, .13sistao., $2 9, cominasioner Bure.tu nl Navigation, 36,600; superit- rendent United States coast and gerletir survey, a6,000, supervising sulleon-eneral nutrinie hospital service, 24 000; Bureau of Engraving sunil I'nint ng, claef, 84,500; assistant chiet, 84250; superintendent engrav-
The foregoing will serve to show many of the lines of work attended to in the Treasury Departnient, as the names of these offices explain the ; or bureaus to attrml to the following matters: "Marine Barracks, Wash branch of work they are charged with attending to. There are a num- det ot other important offices in the department that should be men- "when, among them hem the following:
The Solicitor of the Treasury, or chief attorney, who receives 84, 9%) per year for attending to the legal matters connected with the de partmit 'i.
The Commissioner of Customs, who receives 84,000 per year and his deputy 2.150, has charge n' all amounts of the revenue from casa | 81,400; pay directions frank of captains, 84,400; pay inspectors frank . itis and disbursements, and for the buildl ny and repairmg of customt house's
The Treasurer of the I ted States receives 86,000 per year, assist- ait freds ifer 5,000, an.l superintendent of national banks (Red. Dn ) 181900, The Treasurer receives and keeps the government funds. either at hearquarters or in the Sub- I redsurit's nr government depus- Copies, paving it out upan warrants draws in accordance with the law, and pray. all interest on the national debt.
The Register of the Treasury !. paul a salary of 84,000 prr Vest, air huis assistant ad_'n. The Register keep the accumulas pt palui expenditures and rese pis, reverses the retinitis and makes out tre oficial statements of United States commerce and navigation; receives from his comptauller and Commonssomer of Customs all accounts and vouchers ar til on by them and bles the' satie.
The Comptroller of the C rrency ro enves $5,000 per year and las Deputy S2 Min). Clus hore n. is charged with a general supervismin of the national banks and masters connected with the usunng of paper unionev.
The Director of the Mint receives 81, 00 per annum, and is charged with a general supervision over all the comage of the goveit-
Comptrollers. The first and sound comproders are paid a salary of : JN per year, at 1 each of their depiit's receive $2,500, The art comptroller revises and certites the prenonts of the civil and diplomatie service and public lands. The rend comptemed reses and cert r .. the Accounts rf the army and navy amt of the Pensam
Auditors. There an ve auditors rohticiteit with the Treasury "A parton st, each of when recriis a salary of all" for your, and is
the balan is 10 the rop missar bers of the customs and bet umnjituller
The third assistant prostmaister general has charge of the postage The . Ff of the former
-
Fre, les the sammens chefs of dissuis mentioned allows there are
The Interior Departno : tors sal tin o to shake control of the Ser-
The War Department was organized in August, 11H. The head of
There is also Do post uned & Govil I ugmeer,; De-
The Bureau of Rolls and Library, voich is el azul with the cus.
The d'une sel all of these bare ms astise 22 khi por wir. In while tom tot y se Op ir Ek o ribed publ . sinte Ih printmunt the ulf is
General koopis the gods and the onhis issoal. Hu Duster Hiver-
paris, bank safter the , Hours all the sammy to thing to su kommtaled, hospo- til, en Hy Pasmuster ner al is the delon-ne eller for the money recette I by the department. Diese is Uso the Onlyuse ofthe, control- The l'operaphical otte has change of all plats and dewings of all servets made for primary purposes. Desoles these there are the Inspector-tienetal . Department and departments devoted to war rec-
In this connection it may be of interest to the general reader to ruler brille to a few facts concerning the Regular Army. The United Status is diyeled The thus propose into a number of military districts. The head of each department receives his general instinctions and orders From he.rlquarter .. The terin of service in the Regular Amin is use sears, The guy of private soldiers at the start is ali per month .mnd i stens is, atal this is men aisen accordbug in tune nf service, being 821 the month and rations alter twenty years' service The pay of the whipps is proportional to their rank, Colonels receive &1,5ml per year; brigad + generals, 85,500; and major generals, 87, 50.
NAVY DEPARTMENT
The head of this department is the Secretary of the Navy, who is appointed by the I'resilent, and receive. a salary of a8,000 pet antum. | This department is charged with the duty of attending to the construc. Imm, arinament, comment and employment of vessels of war, as well as all other matters ummerted with naval attimes and appropriations control of the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland; Issite's wird es to the commanders of the varnus squalions, has general thatfruits over the Marine Corps; and has control of all the several burcans ut the Navy Department.
There are a number of bureaus organized in the Navy Department for the purpose of more thoroughly handling the work, among the most important of which may be mientomed the following: Bureau of Stent Engineering, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery ; Bureau of Naviga- hon, Bureau of Provisions and Clothing, Bureau of Yards and Ducks; Bureau of Ordnaire, Bureau of Equipment and Recruiting: Bureau uf Construction and Reper Attached to tins department are also oth als Pagtob, D. C; Museum of Hygiene; Naval Dispensary, Boant of Inspection and Survey, Navy Suppnes and Accounts; Naval Observa- tory, Hydrographic Office, Library and War Records; Naval Intelli- gence, Nautical . Almanac, etc.
Rear-admirals in the Nivy are paid 86,000 per year; commodores, 8.001, captions. 24,200 In ntenant-commander-, &jdou; mne heal direct- ofs Itank ot capt,ist, >4,400; medical inspectors (rank of commander-), of conunanders), 84,400, In the Engineer Corps the chief engineers ate also paid :4,400 per year.
POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT.
This is one of the most important branches of the National Govern- ment, Its head is the Postmaster-General, who is appunted hy the President, amit receives a silary of 88,000 per annuin. The Post Office Department huis supervisim over the execution of all laws passed by Congress affecting the past of service, and has general supervision over everything relating to the gathering, carrying and distribution of I'mted States male, saperintents the distribution and disposal of all moneys lelongun' to, or appropinited for, the department , auf the instrochun wi and surr rosin over all persons in the postal service, with reference to their duties.
In case nling lor handong the general work of the Post Office Devart- METAt 1 Na. been fmmmint heres try to create four buteans, or offurs. as they air termeil, each of which is presuled over hy an assistant post- mastin ernetal, who each n reive :4,000 por noumir , are all sulgert to the in ton and supervispin of the head of the the; irto ent. A review of the . summit. burritos and their print igual officials, with the rame . the other, will show servi baris the work handled las eich
The best assistant postimaster-general is slowe la tif clerk at 82,000 per year ; superite ment of post office supplies, 220; superin- Iendent Ince denzity thepion S1000, chet der mon of sifark . in) tendent De a letter (Hier, 82m), chef division, mi dence,
The ser min assistant postmaster-general hate that e of
t of mspection division, $2000 , chief of migil rijm mint divish f & #) ; general superintendent caiway mail service. " die superintendent
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTFRIAR
NAM IPARIMINT
KNIERED ACTIHIDING TO AL 1 DE CONGREHH IN THE YEARL A D Ben, BY GIM A. OULE & CO. IN THE DETICE DE THE LINHAGIAN JF CONDUITSY AF WASHINGTON, D. O.
He I
the ballots of the people of their States and all the electors of a state | Bent division, &Rd chief of war it- division, 82.29 chief of public
SUPPLEMENT IV.
DIGEST OF THE SYSTEM OF CIVIL. GOVERNMENT. .
intendent of the Commons than, chinh
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTILI
This department wi turnierh commi hd with the Inte nor Dimart- ment, but in last it was tooremail and more independent, and the Secretary of Agriculture was made a man's res the Cabinet. The ! of this de part ment is appointed by the President aml recen es a se iry
The gewer il sury and design of the Department of Acuculime ts to texture and sattuse among the people at the ( tul States neetuly For- matam on subjects connected with a true ice to the most cristal med comprehensive se send this word, said to pas de, propuede and dis- tribute among the people new and valnalis seurs atal pants.
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