USA > Illinois > Edwards County > Standard atlas of Edwards County, Illinois : including a plat book of the villages, cities and townships of the county. Map of the state, United States and world. Patrons directory, reference business directory and departments devoted to general information. Analysis of the system of U.S. Land surveys, digest of the system of civil government, etc. etc, 1907 > Part 5
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COUNTY TREASURER.
This is an office winch exists in all of the States, and it is one of the most important of the various offices heressary in carrying on the busi- ness of a county. It is an elective offer it all of the States, ami the termi of office is usually either two or four years, but a very common provision in the various States is that after serving for one term as county treasurer a party shall be meligible to the ofta e until the inter- vention ot at least one term after the expiration of the term for which he was elected, This provision, however, does not exist in all of the States, as in some of them the county treasurer is eligible for re-election for any number of tetitis.
The general duties of the county treasurers throughont the various State's is very similar The county treasurer is the principal custodian of the finals belonging to the county It is his duty to receive and solely keep the revenues and other public moneys of the county, and all funds authorized to be paid to him, and disburse the same juitsuant to le He is required to kaup proper books of account, in which he must keep a n gular, just and true account of all moneys, ne APones Ind funds receive 1 by fum, stating particularly the tribe, when, ul whom and on what tundl'ar account cach partienfar stin was received ; and also of all moneys, rever ies atal funds pant out by hotn according to Low, stating particularly the time when, to when and on what lund payinent is made from. The books of the county treasurer must always be subject to the inspection of the county beard, which at slated intervals, evammes hes hvor " ppt nitki's settlements with Jim, In some of the States the paris Isltd. 1 the law relating to conity treasurer are very sirut, some of the people for a county land of auditors, who ire experteil, several times a year, to evamne the frais, accounts ,indi vtip hery of the treasury without previms opfer to the treasurer, and th some it is prospbil that this board, or the county board, shall desig- mate t bank for links) in wh In the treasure to a panel to keep the bun's funds depositi the banks being required to pay meterest on duly or monthly balances and give bund to make monly the county against luss, Asa general rule the mainty the outer , mely authorand to pay county board and attested by the clerk, or is car in cases on warranty or opfers of the menty wedding ale . Vim per round of these there with. It must nf P. States th . los is Vis cyjafp E th duecting how the links and account of the county trea-wart shall be kept.
COUNTY RECORDER OR REGISTER OF DLEDY.
In a few of the State the office of county remmatter of par ier of
. i et hingth, on the meat of the inte al it's rezepten, in land & ptu
I have po poster or respirer is not allow of the recimi aut instrument of
FATHERED AS CORDING TO ACT OF CONGRESS IN THE YEAR A D .A. US GER. A. THERE & CO. IN THE OFFICE OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONQUIEN AT WASHINGTON, D. O.
NTATK HORD-
beside the atticus . wol ds pertinents why I have already been men
Ilmard of lica th, dental examiners, trustees ut lustorwal library, Ward ot pharmacy, compassion ot claims, live stock comint- sirmers, tish com- misyoners inspectors of cel nunes, labor commissimers, board of edu- Cation, board of pubuc works, board of parlous, assessment comuns- Stoners
The Legislative Department has the power to pass all such laws as may be necessary for the welfare of the State, and carry mito effect the provisions of the constitution The Legislature receives the reports of the Governor, together with the report- ot the various other State offi- cers; they provide hy appropriate for the ophimary and contingent expenses of the government; at regular unies provideil by law they apportion the State into political districts, andi make all other provisions For carrying on the Mate government. There is a general philihitin against the passage of any ex post facto law, or law aupair & the obli- gation of contracts, or making any irrevocable grant of special prtv- ileges or immunities. Any measure to berome a law must be passed by both branches of the Legislature, and then be presented to the Guy- ernor for las approval. It he withholds has approval (or vetnes it , the measure may be repassed by a two thirds yot . of the Legislature, when it will become a law notwithstanding the Governor s veto.
SENATE,
The Senate is the Upper House of the I ezislature or General Assem- blv. The varmus States are divided into si natorial districts, in each of which a Senator is erected -the term of office varying trom tuo to lour years. Except in three or four of the ' Tites the fitesnfair officer of the Senate is the Lieutenant Governor, although a President fro fra. 15 usually elected, who acts as presiding officer inting the absence of the Lieutenant-finernor. The presuline officer his no vote, however, m the Senate, except when that baals is equally dualed. I'vere autor bas one vole upon a | questions, and the redhit to be heard in .nlvotatmy or opposi, y the passite of any measure bion_Pt Ine faire the Legi-Liture. In hlimy all of the most muportant State ofint . duit are to be spinntrd by the Governor, the apptuntments must he apprused or conhimed by the Senate.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
The Lower Huttse of the State I eerslaturi , PI nearly if not quite all the States of the I'miva, is termed the Hutst . Pqpress titative., Like the se utors, every member of the House has the night to he heand in advice'ing or of posing any morasure brought before the body of which he is a member. Tb Hanse is given the sub. provet of anpep hamt nt, hnt .ill aripact mit innst br tried b, the chib . As a gener || rube, there is a provision that all his for maisting revenue must originate in the Hurt.
JUDICIARY.
The " Ju le ant Department" is justly regardedas one of the mo t troplant and powerful branches of government of other the State of Sobre as it to genes the loss of this department to pass apenas and despret, sal tarby either anual or give si hay to all the net tunja faut new age . and acts of both the legislative and executive htato bi of ilu Jesi ralitat.
1. ramp duels ! the se des the Supreme Court has app. Bufe pris
· SUPPLEMENT VI.
DIGEST OF THE SYSTEM OF CIVIL. GOVERNMENT
in the county board or other county offers in relation to their official
lisanne withusses in their pressmer ine h. s gher and fried
Py the Attorin'y-fieber.d. to appear Ing the State in caus mh luty county in which the State is int restist The county atun ney makes an annual +sport to his superior State other of all the ciuminal cases prosecuted by h.m
VIRGI IT Oft DISTRICT
N. OR CLERK OF 1 01 RT.
In nearly an of the Staffes, with fruit c'ests i' . Jerk nite ter ing the count , in which the sims roce usted in pu cold Sore. as has already been saved, the off . a. i ut mit p there 's
In Malagan, & e . mezi unter the . the wi ' class 'healles the house
other- the white ist's 1 " , 'urk ed with ' weg, while in miles of "clerk " or " cork < It's contor courts. "
The chief duty of the content is to but as vierk of the district of cu- cuit court. and spittetantes other counts of menor pa sila tam. It is the clerk's duty to acep tic seats and attend the session sul their respective courts preserve all the nies and pints thets , miks, keep dis pie- serve complete records of all the proceed was mal este the beatles quete . of and carry out such tther duties as may be required by the ri. es and. orders of their respective courts. 11 ce must enfer ot secanl al tuuz- ments, decrees and orders of the court as soon as possible after they are rendered: keep all inde finents on the as a | pode te. ndl, have aw unite to administer rathe, Lise acknowledging 's, take and cority is Das timis, and are required to evinbut all rounds the of change. Invester all the Stiles the haw deines the character of the recipi books white the clerk of court must keep. Although there is no sett ed ruhe in this matter, the general pros.sions are th it he shalt keep: First, Act etal docket or register of action- in whin is entered the title of cach it 1 on in the order in which they are commenced, and a description of en h paper filed in the cause and all pre cetines therem; sciand, a pain- nif sindex and defendants mules; then, a sadament book and ever con docket, in which he enters the judgment in each action, time of issuing execution, satisfaction, etc., and such other books as the courts or the laws most prescribe.
SHERIFF,
In all of the State. the office of :'.eriff is one of the most important of the county offices. The term of omcevaries in d iteret States, ben : usually e ther two ur four vesits, and in se. tra; of the suites one oarty caonot bold the office a second term consecutively. The geners. pro- visions outlining the duties pertation: to this office ire very muc alike in the various states, and the follow 1. : resume of lus dut is may b. sard to apply to all of the various States except in a few minor and chim- portant details. The sher ff is charged with the unty sit keepthis and preserving the peace in his county ; or, as has been written. "he is the conservator of peace," and it is his duty to keep the same, suppress riots, affrays, fighting, breaches of the peace and prevent crime and may ariest offenders "on view " and cause thein to be brought beture the proper magistrate; and to do this, or to calcute any writ, warrant, process, order or decree, he may call to his atd when necessary ary per- son of the " power of the county." It is the duty of the sheriff to serve and execute w thin bis county, and reti.r ., all writs, warrants, proress. orders and decrees of every description that may be legally directed and delivered to h.m. He is a court cthrer, and it is Ins duty to attend, either in person or hy deputy, all courts of record held in his for.ntv; by virtue of his office re lias custody of the jail. It is his duty to pursue and apprehend felons and persons charged with crime and has custody of prisoners. He is not allowed to purchase any property expused for sale by him as sheriff.
COL STY SUPERINTENDENT OR COMMISSIONER OF SCHOOLS.
This is an office which exists under one name or another in nearly every State in the Union. The title of the offire in a great majority of the States is "county superintendent." but in Michigan, Missouri, Ohio, New York, and possibly one or two other States, the omce is terinrd "school commissioner," and in several of the States the laws provide for a hoard of county examiners or school commissioners, who are given considerable of the wurk that in most of the other States is handled by the county superintendent
The name of this ithce implies the duties which devolve upon it, and they are very much al'ke m all of the States, The incumbent of this office is charged with a general supervisto over the schools of the county, and must be a fitting person as to eduration ani moral charac- ter. As a rule it is their duty to examine a al 'je enise teachers, but in a few of the States provision is marie for a board ot examiners, Cour.ty superintendents are required to visit ant inspect the schools at regular intervals and give sich advice and mstru, tinh in teachers as ftav be deemel necessary a ut proper. They are roi ured in organize ail con- duct institutes for the pistruction of trichers it sleeind necessary, and encourage tetsu re' associations. They intidue to the notice of teachers and the people the best waters of instructum, the most approved plans of bustling and vent " must show houses, etc., stimu- ate school others to the prompt and proper the shape of the duties. They receive reports from the varums echee | uffirers, and transmi an abstract of these reports to the State Superintend. 1, adding a report of the ron fition of the wisots under the rebar . Inn ariv all the states they are forbollen low ry my riteret in the sa'e of ary schwul forig- ture, apparatuur books od in the school's. la many States, they have authority to annul a teacher's certificate for proper coger, and in pen- eral to take such steps and enforce sich methods as will elevate and make inore etficient the se fueis notler thea control.
COCATY, PRONICUTING OR STATEN ATTORNEY
There is a great difference between the varing St ites in the n ethod of handfang or attending to the legal business relating toe mity fritters or growing froin county .ilfairs, In tumny of the .up the allies who attend . to this line of work is known as the "wenn at may,' e ather States he's call the a's du mir when what try Ir a few of the states they divide the Site min I street Ulige Die number of counties, and a +h-tret attorney is . de ah going. who in some cases atterris to all the lost il work at the & the same thbien and in uthers he ismeets the country ation. . . in tter ir ne +1 itte rient duties and proserutmms. But whatever f. it may be lich werl'in the various States, and whatever title may he ping bottes oltre, the overal dates of the Griffe are very much the . ... . . tal des It is the duty of the county torony by car up uer , proget to all
rising to his country, to compresse will prose cute all actionse ated pero
wat low and ongivey the same, and to make all mich contracts as Mary her mesvary in the extreme of it . powers of a downship "In a great pains of the Stars the townslep genauen is carried on after a plan very smaler to tor centy and State goverroients, En
Ung string . Chcentive officer and a townships barn I was which the sur-
ilmese menpamed, and besales the other wear township thetale they sin has those of wie siew of an auditand love, lost they are out westel with the complete respinte and labiative penciest the township , this
ma's In many of the Sites the townshipe Iwould post described is mide ment three or none of the other townstop others, whicare ex-othcto members at the topshop bernal, and they must at c'est un tines, per-
The pron pal uttrials in township ntgatu diens ih nearly all the States are the Following. . Supervisors, of trustees," clerk." " tre is super, "assessor. " " collector," "justeres of the power." "constitutes ' " overseers, supers isors of commutstoners of the luptways," and " point- inuses," authough as has been stated, many of the States do not have all of 'iese officials.
T
COTYTY SIRVEYOR.
Th's is an office which is common to nearly all ut the states. It is the duty of the county surveyor to events and suites which may be ordered by any court, or upon application of any individual or corpo .- tipp, and 1.reserve a reconil of the surveys mide by hun. Nearly all of the States provide that certont records shall be kept by the county sur- vevor, and provale penalinus tor los failure to plice on ro vrd the surveys nude by hun. While he is the official cout.ty surveyor, vet the surveys made by him are not conclusive, but may be 1. viewed by any compe- teat tribunal, and the correctness thereof may be disputed.
COUNTY CORONI.R.
This is another county office which exists in nearly all of the States. In the average county there is hot much work for the coroner, but in the connties in which large cities are located the office is a very impo - wut un'e. In general termis it may he stated that the coroner is required to hold mquests over the bodies of persons supposed to have met with vient or unnatural deaths. In minst States he has power to inituiret a jerv to enquire into the cause of death; but in sume ot them this is not the case, and he is given power to act alune. He can subpuna witnesses; aumifuster vatl.s; in certain cases provide for a decent burial, and can had over to the proper court any person impheated in the killing of the deceased.
OTHER COUNTY OFFICES.
The county offices that have already been mentioned are the prin- cipel ones tound mail of the States. There are, however, .. few other county officials besules those mentioned which exist in many of the States, and which should be briefly mentioned in this comm cuon. These are such omces as county physician, county assessor, county collector. county poor comintesioner or superintendent of the county poor-house, master in chancery or court commissioner, county evaungers, huard of equalzatim, board of review, etc. The names of these offres unply the dunes. There offires do not exist in all of the States, Int in nearly every State the law provides for one or more of these county officials.
COUNTY BOARD.
The powers of every county as a botly politic and corporate are vested in a county hoard. This official county board is generally termed the county "board of supervisar-" or "heart of commissimers,' but there are some exceptions to this, like Missouri, where the county board 's known as the " county court. " There is conspferahle chifterem e in th . make-up of the county board in the various States. In some if is made up of one memher from each township in the county. In other, the counties are divided nito districts, and ong member of the county howund is chosen from earth district. No general description of the old he given that would in accurate, as sunne of the Status follow both of Jhu se plaus. For instance, in Hlunas some id the counties are governed by a Loard of supervisors, winch is mo de up of me ineinher from ruh town ship, while other counties in the sime State are governed by a luinl of county or nmissioners, consisting of three or inne members, fach rep resenting districts fato which the countir's in . question are abyuluil. The general powers of the e unty lwird three bunt of all the States is about the same, except in must detail., It represents the kyishitive and corporate powers of the count", che if their mitiber is als p's el sen as chairman of president, and acts as the presslang wieis. The Quity houd has veneral charge over the dhas iff ti punts. It is ther duty to provide curry with . . proti desks, watery, trucks, [u ]. etr. : expunge, investigate and adjust ctions against the countv. pril have general care auin custody of all the n df at af pero nal estate taner by the county. At reanlar interval. fles Settre with the entity tre.isurer ; examine accounts atil ennicht rs. 1h y locate couldy fiind's , determine the amount of county tax, and regularly publish a stil, mint of their proceedings ; mike statements of receipts, copulture , ate .. and make all contracts, and do all other arts in relation to the property and concerns of the county necessary to Pat teise it. corporate powers that are not specibcally delegated to other county olin als,
TOWNSHIP GOVERNMENT.
T OF mithead of townlop govert no at throughout the different of it more than i a gener d way. In ma ry of the States the
while mother cuanto s in the sun estate doesnot exist Incasewhen.
assim 1 te d'a townslow oficinas Dont even where they have the t lap Ot . thisatiei the prin ni township government in the shift rent Stites said to be abike Alenit the only state taunts im prints the onand rd
Stater vanes so min h th it it is impossible in this arte le tot. at | cluicient system of free selonis that the world has ever known.
CITIES AND VILLAGES.
N al; of the States the lawy provide for the local government of cific. and villayes, so that when they ottain a certain population they may be seperated hom, atu thus manage their affairs mde pendlint of the townships in winch they ate ha sted, buth As 1n Arhed initters and civil authority. In school allars provision is mide for hatfling; the more cimapb x educational interests of villages wiel ities -the s lowat boatds hennig made la per, and in many Cases to scope of the at 4 ithanit. 14 very noab extended In civil matters pro vidon is utade in all et the s' des for the int at bration of villages and mit en 15 corporate fondpis, seperate and distinct from the townships, and providing for the acecasaty wilicent to carry on the affairs of the cunit paliy.
ENTERRH ACCORDING TO ACT OF CONORYER IN THE YEAR A. D.
PROHATE DE VOI VT1 JI DGI.
The mittunt of handling probate mitt isis bot tin form thewstr hunt the various States. In mainly Stres the day of wars and with His
His efter is sentmed to sich matters avare i have with poolsite ,all ur- in Missouri they have a probate palec, and Joe a county court, com. . seal of canary pulges, ma whand the corporate powers of the County : vested is the otheral county loud. In Minlog ins they have a 1. dette selge and t probate register. The pred ate palce is generalis a salt original gor dictum in all matters of pebah, settlement of (states of deceased persons, appointment of guarding and contra tered settle ment of these accounts. "They take proof of walls, die; Il call instration of estates, great and revoke leffers testamentary and ot Administration, appoint and remove gi infuil., etc.
SCHOOL DISTRICT GOVERNMENT.
(HE " comminn school system," or, tospeak with greater accet.ice the method of goversung school ilistricts, in the various State;, differs widely, yet all follow in a general w.iv one ut two si paraft and clearly deimed methods, being aune todosi in winter respect to meet local conditions anal ideas All of these methints have thor excellent ponts, and yet it has been claimed by eminent cilutatots that no one of them is free from fault and objection, Hor has reachel per fection. It will be the aim in this Article to line fiv explain the princijen fr atures ot the several methods, Lt . it is not possible to go into detail it the matter of giving the systemn & stbvol goverinuent that is followed 111 each of the many States of th. Union. The constitution and statute> They aim to pro- of all The States agree, however, ty.on several ponts. vide for a thorough and efficient system of true schools, whereby all the or received tur school, college. : ( children of the states may recen er. thorough coninion se livol education, they provide that all lands, money and other property donated, granted 'ary or university purposes, and the proceeds thereof, shall be fankft lle applied to the objects stated; with two or three exceptions they prov ;, & that no appropriation shall be made or pubbe funds apphed in aid of my church of sectarian purpose, or fo support or sustain any school, act, my, seminary, college or university controlled or run in the interest c. any church or tor a sectarian pur- pose; aud they prohibit the various school officials from holding any interest in the sale, proceeds or profits of any book, apparatus or furni- turc used in the schools in which they, as omcers, are interested. In many of the States they follow what may be termed the "inde- pendeut school district" r.ethod, inasmuch as cach district, so far as its corporate powers are concerned, is entirely separate and independent of other districts. Where this plan is followed the boundaries of each dis. tritt are clearly dehued, and each district is complete within itself They elect a full set of district officids, and excruise their corporate powers and manage their district aff.uts within themselves. In this plan the corporate powers of the district are usually vesteil in a dis- biet bonn, which has general charge of the interests of the district. lures teachers, and ryakes such contracts and carries into effect such niethuis as is iluenieil necessary to raise the grade or and in the ett - Citticy of the s hools. The measure of the authority given to these dis- trict linards is not the same in all the States, and in many States it is re- stricted, and a part of the corporate power is reserved to the people themselves, the offitals bring required, in all important matters, to carry out the wishes and orders of the people of the district as expressed and decided upon at the "district scnoch meetings." .
Another method which is followed th many of the States may be termed the " township system." In such States the law provules for the organization of each towr-lup for school purposes, or as one large "dis- trict, ail each township, so far as its edurational interests are . Ofi- rerard, is organized, has the necessary ofmuals and becomes a hody politic and corporate. As a gener .. l rak, where this method prevails, the townships are divuledl intu three or orore sub-districts, All'of these sob-districts are a part of the whole, and the finances and general bus .- no's 15 generally managed by a township board made up se presenta- tives from each sub district Thus tward is generally clothed with the Curpotdie powers, hires teachers provides fuel aml sup.bes ant makes all the contraints necessary to carry on the various si tuols in the town- shop. As with indija tah ut districts, the powers of this board are not alke in all St les where the township system prevails. Jor in some States their perver is very much restricted, and is finnted to certain ofti- cuil matter », the corporate powers and night to make important contracts being reserved as the people, who decide on these questions at what are termen the school meetings In a few of the States where they follow the towyship system they have no ofurial board. Ilus is the case in In- dias a, where the y elect & township trustee, whose duty it is to look after all the educati mial inte o sis of the townslap, sulgert in the approval et the people at the regner meetings In hosted the States when the towinship system presents the law provides for the cargatoration, under cert.un r ontbitions of suhalistriers into inde; en ot distre ts, alch gives thein the power hat lest their own officers and act independently of the other & huela ih the townslup,
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