USA > Illinois > Peoria County > The History of Peoria County, Illinois. Containing a history of the Northwest-history of Illinois-history of the county, its early settlement, growth, development, resources, etc., etc. > Part 30
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William Lathrop
IS77-7S
Joseph G. Cannon
IS77-78
Horatio C. Burchard
IS77-78
John R. E.den
1877-78
Thomas J. Ilenderson
1877-78
W. A. J. Sparks
IS77-78
Philip L'. Ilayes
IS77-7S
William R. Morrison
1877-78
Greenbury L. Fort
IS77-78
William llartzell
1877-78
Thomas A. Boyd
IS77-75
Richard W. Townsend
1877-75
Benjamin F. Marsh
IS77-78
FORTY-SIXTH CONGRESS.
William Aldrich.
1879-80
James W. Singleton
IS79-80
George R. Davis
1879-80
William M. Springer
IS79-SO
lliram Barber
IS79-80
A. E. Stevenson
1879-80
John C. Sherwin
1879-80
Joseph G. Cannon
IS79-80
R. M. A. llawk
IS79-80
Albert P. Forsythe
IS79-SO
Thomas J. Henderson.
IS79-80
W. A. J; Sparks IS79-80
Philip C. Ilayes
1879-80
William R. Morrison
1879-80
Greenbury 1 .. Fort
1879-So
John R. Thomas
IS79-SO
Thomas A. Boyd.
1879-80
R. W. Townsend
1879-So
Benjamin F. Marsh
1879-80
203
GENERAL HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.
CHAPTER XIX.
STATES OF THE UNION.
Date of Settlement - Origin and Meaning of Names - Cognomen - Mottoes -When Admitted to the Union - Area - Population - Number of Soldiers Furnished During the War of the Rebellion - Number of Rep- resentatives in Congress - Present Governors, etc.
Alabama. - This State was first explored by LaSalle in 1684, and settled by the French at Mobile in 1711, and admitted as a State in 1817. Its name is Indian, and means " Here we rest." Has no motto. Population in 1860, 964,201 ; in 1870, 996,992. Furnished 2,576 soldiers for the Union army. Area 50,722 square miles. Montgomery is the capital. Has eight Representatives and ten Presidential electors. Rufus W. Cobb is Governor; salary, $3,000; politics, Democratic. Length of term, two years.
Arkansas - Became a State in 1836. Population in 1860, 435,450 ; in 1870, 484,471. Area 52,198 square miles. Little Rock, the " City of Roses," is the capital. Its motto is Regnant Populi- " The people rule." It has the Indian name of its principal river. Is called the " Bear State." Furnished 8,289 soldiers. She is entitled four members in Congress, and six electoral votes. Governor, W. R. Miller, Democrat ; salary, $3,500 ; term, two years.
California - Has a Greek motto, Eureka, which means " I have found it.' It de- rived its name from the bay forming the peninsula of Lower California, and was first ap- plied by Cortez. It was first visited by the Spaniards in 1542, and by the celebrated English navigator, Sir Francis Drake, in 1578. In 1846 Fremont took possession of it, defeating the Mexicans, in the name of the United States, and it was admitted as a State in 1850. Its gold mines from 1868 to 1878 produced over $800,000,000. Area 188,982 square miles. Population in 1860, 379,994. In 1870, 560,247. She gave to defend the Union 15,225 soldiers. Sacramento is the capital. Has four Representatives in Congress. Is entitled to six Presidential electors. Present Governor is William Irwin, a Democrat; term, four years ; salary, $6,000.
Colorado - Contains 106,475 square miles, and had a population in 1860 of 34,277, and in 1870, 39,864. She furnished 4,903 soldiers. Was admitted as a State in 1876. It has a Latin motto, Nil sine Numine, which means, "Nothing can be done without di- vine aid." It was named from its river. Denver is the capital. Has one member in Congress, and three electors. T. W. Pitkin is Governor ; salary, $3,000 ; term two years; politics, Republican.
Connecticut- Qui transtulit sustinet, "He who brought us over sustains us," is her motto. It was named from the Indian Quon-ch-ta-Cut, signifying " Long River." It is called the "Nutmeg State." Area 4,674 square miles. Population 1860, 460,147 ; in 1870, 537,454. Gave to the Union army 55,755 soldiers. Hartford is the capital. Has four Representatives in Congress, and is entitled to six Presidential electors. Salary of Governor, $2,000; term, two years.
Delaware. - " Liberty and Independence," is the motto of this State. It was named after Lord De La Ware, an English statesman, and is called " The Blue Hen," and the " Diamond State." It was first settled by the Swedes in 1638. It was one of the origi- nal thirteen States. Has an area of 2,120 square miles. Population in 1860, 112,216 ; in 1870, 125.015. She sent to the front to defend the Union, 12,265 soldiers. Dover is
20
GENERAL HISTORY OF ILLINOIS
the capital. Has but one member in Congress; entitled to three Presidential electors. John W. Hall, Democrat, is Governor ; salary, $2,000 : term two years.
Florida - Was discovered by Ponce de Leon in 1512, on Easter Sunday, called by the Spaniards, Paseua Florida, which, with the variety and beauty of the flowers at this early season. eansed him to name it Florida - which means in Spanish, flowery. Its motto is. " In God we trust." It was admitted into the Union in 1-45. It has an area of 59,26s square miles. Population in 1860, 140,424 : in 1870. 157,757. Its capital is Tallahassee. Has two members in Congress. Hlas four Presidential electors. George F. Drew, Demoerat, Governor; term, four years ; salary, 83,500.
Georgia - Owes its name to George II., of England, who first established a colony there in 1732. Its motto is, " Wisdom, justice and moderation." It was one of the original States. Population in 1860, 1.057,286; 1870, 1,184,109. Capital, Atlanta. Area, 58,000 square miles. Has 9 representatives in Congress, and 11 Presiden- tial electors. Her Governor is A. H. Colquitt, Democrat ; term. four years : salary. $4,000.
Illinois - Motto, "State Sovereignty, National Union." Name derived from the Indian word, Illini, meaning, superior men. It is called the " Prairie State," and its in- habitants, "Suckers." Was first explored by the French in 1673. and admitted into the Union in 1818. Area 55,410 square miles. Population, in 1860, 1.711,951 ; in 1870. 2,539,871. She sent to the front to defend the Union, 225,300 soldiers. Capital. Springfield. Has 19 members in Congress, and 21 Presidential electors. Shelby M. Cullom, Republican, is Governor ; elected for 4 years; salary, 86,000.
Indiana - Is called " Hoosier State." Was explored in 1682, and admitted as a State in 1816. Its name was suggested by its numerous Indian population. Area 33,809 square miles. Population in 1×60, 1,350,428; in 1870, 1,680,037. She put into the Federal army. 194,363 men. Capital, Indianapolis. Has 13 members in Congress, and 15 Presidential electors. J. D. Williams, Governor, Democrat ; salary, $3,000 ; term, 4 years.
Iowa- Is an Indian name and means " This is the land." Its motto is. "Our liber- ties we prize, our rights we will maintain." It is called the " Hawk Eye State." It was first visited by Marquette and Joliet in 1673 : settled by New Englanders in 1833, and admitted into the Union in 1846. Des Moines is the capital. It has an area of 65,045 square miles, and a population in 1860 of 674,913, and in 1870 of 1,191,802. She sent 75,793 soldiers to defend the Government. Has 9 members in Congress ; 11 Pres- idential electors. John II. Gear, Republican, is Governor ; salary, 82,500 ; term, 2 years.
Kansas - Was admitted into the Union in 1861, making the thirty-fourth State. Its motto is Ad astra per aspera, "To the stars through difficulties." Its name means, "Smoky water." and is derived from one of her rivers. Area 78, 811 square miles. Population in 1960, 107,209 ; in 1870 was 362,812. She furnished 20,095 soldiers. Cap- ital is Topeka. Hlas 3 representatives in Congress, and 5 Presidential electors. John P. St. John, Governor ; polities, Republican ; salary, 83,000 ; term, 2 years.
Kentucky - Is the Indian name for " At the head of the rivers." Its motto is. "United we stand, divided we fall." The sobriquet of "dark and bloody ground " is applied to this State. It was first settled in 1769, and admitted in 1792 as the fifteenth State. Area 37,650 square miles. Population in 1860, 1,155,684: in 1870, 1,321,000. She put into the Federal army 75,285 soldiers. Capital, Frankfort. Has 10 members in Congress; 12 electors. J. B. McCreary, Democrat, is Governor : salary, $5,000 ; term. 4 years.
Louisiana - Was ealled after Louis XIV., who at one time owned that section of the country. Its motto is " Union and Confidence." It is called " The Creole State." It was visited by La Salle in 1684, and ndmitted into the Union in 1812, making the
205
GENERAL HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.
eighteenth State. Population in 1860, 708,002 ; in 1870, 732,731. Area 46,431 square miles. It put into the Federal army 5,224 men. Capital, New Orleans. Has 6 rep- resentatives and 8 electors. F. T. Nichols, Governor, Democrat ; salary, $8,000; term, 4 years.
Maine - This State was called after the providence of Maine in France, in compli- ment of Queen Henrietta of England, who owned that province. Its motto is Dirigo, meaning " I direct." It is called " The Pine Tree State." It was settled by the Eng- lish in 1625. It was admitted as a State in 1820. Area 31,766 square miles. Popu- lation in 1860, 628,279 ; in 1870, 626,463 ; 69,738 soldiers went from this State. Has 5 members in Congress, and 7 electors. Selden Conner, Republican, Governor; term, 1 year ; salary, $2.500.
Maryland - Was named after Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles I. of England. It has a Latin motto, Crecite et multiplicamini, meaning " Increase and Multiply." It was settled in 1634, and was one of the original thirteen States. It has an area of 11,124 square miles. Population in 1860 was 687,049; in 1870, 780,806. This State furnished 46,053 soldiers. Capital, Annapolis. Has 6 representatives, and 8 Presidential electors. J. H. Carroll, Democrat, Governor ; salary, $4,500 ; term, 4 years.
Massachusetts- Is the Indian for " The country around the great hills." It is called the " Bay State," from its numerous bays. Its motto is Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem, " By the sword she seeks placid rest in liberty." It was settled in 1620 at Plymouth by English Puritans. It was one of the original thirteen States, and was the first to take up arms agains the English during the Revolution. Area 7,800 square miles. Population in 1860, 1,231,066 ; in 1870, 1,457,351. She gave to the Union army 146,467 soldiers. Boston is the capital. Has 11 representatives in Congress, and 13 Presidential electors. Thomas Talbot, Republican, is Governor ; salary, $5,000 ; term, 1 year.
Michigan - Latin motto, Luebor, and Si queris peninsulam amanam circumspice, "I will defend" -" If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look around you." The name is a con- tracrion of two Indian words meaning " Great Lake." It was early explored by Jesuit missionaries, and in 1837 was admitted into the Union. It is known as the " Wolverine State." It contains 56,243 square miles. In 1860 it had a population of 749,173; in 1870, 1,184,059. She furnished 88,111 soldiers. Capital, Lansing. Has 9 representa- tives and 11 Presidential electors. C. M. Croswell is Governor ; politics, Republican ; salary, $1,000 ; term, 2 years.
Minnesota - Is an Indian name, meaning " Cloudy Water." It has a French motto, L'Etoile du Nord - " The Star of the North." It was visited in 1680 by LaSalle, settled in 1846, and admitted into the Union in 1858. It contains 83,531 square miles. In 1860 had a population of 172,023; in 1870, 439,511. She gave to the Union army 24,002 soldiers. St. Paul is the capital. Has 3 members in Congress ; 5 Presidential electors. Governor, J. S. Pillsbury, Republican ; salary, $3,000 ; term, 2 years.
Mississippi- Is an Indian name, meaning " Long River," and the State is named from the " Father of Waters." The State was first explored by De Soto in 1541 ; setlled by the French at Natchez in 1716, and was admitted into the Union in 1817. It has an area of 47,156 square miles. Population in 1860, 791,305 ; in 1870, 827,922. She gave to suppress the Rebellion 545 soldiers. Jackson is the capital. Has 6 representatives in Congress, and 8 Presidential electors. J. M. Stone is Governor, Democrat ; salary, $4,000; term, 4 years.
Missouri - Is derived from the Indian word "muddy," which more properly applies to the river that flows through it. Its motto is Salus populi suprema ler esto, "Let the welfare of the people be the supreme law." The State was first settled by the French near Jefferson City in 1719, and in 1821 was admitted into the Union. It has an area of 67,380 square miles, equal to 43,123,200 acres. It had a population in 1860 of 1,182,012; in 1870, 1,721,000. She gave to defend the Union 108,162 soldiers. Capital, Jefferson
206
GENERAL HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.
City. Its inhabitants are known by the offensive cognoman of " Pnkes." Has 13 rep- resentatives in Congress, and 15 Presidential electors. J. S.Phelps is Governor : politics, Democratic ; salary, $5,000 ; term, 4 years.
Nebraska - Has for its motto, " Equality before the law." Its name is derived from one of its rivers, meaning " broad and shallow. or low." It was admitted into the Union in 1867. Its capital is Lincoln. It had a population in 1860 of 28,841, and in 1870, 123 .- 993, and in 1875, 246,280. It has an area of 75,995 square miles. She furnished to de- fend the Union 3,157 soldiers. Has but 1 representative and 3 Presidential electors. A. Nance, Republican, is Governor ; salary, 82,500 ; term. 2 years.
Nevada -" The Snowy Land" derived its name from the Spanish. Its motto is Latin. Volens et potens, and means " willing and able." It was settled in 1850, and ad- mitted into the Union in 1864. Capital, Carson City. Its population in 1860 was 6,857 ; in 1870 it was 42,491. It has an area of 112,090 square miles. She furnished 1,080 soldiers to suppress the Rebellion. Has 1 representative and 3 electors. Governor, J. H. Kinkhead, Republican ; salary, $6,000 ; term, 4 years.
New Hampshire - Was first settled at Dover by the English in 1623. Was one of the original States. Has no motto. It is named from Hampshire county in England. It also bears the name of .. The Old Granite State." It has an area of 9,280 miles, which equals 9,239,200 acres. It had a population in 1860 of 326.073. and in 1870 of 318.300. She increased the Union army with 33,913 soldiers. Concord is the capital. Has 3 rep- resentatives and 5 Presidential electors. N. Head, Republican. Governor ; salary, 81,000; term. 1 year.
New Jersey - Was named in honor of the Island of Jersey in the British channel. Its motto is " Liberty and Independence." It was first settled at Bergen by the Swedes in 1624. It is one of the original thirteen States. It has an area of 8,320 square miles, or 5,324,800 acres. Population in 1860 was 672,035; in 1870 it was 906.09 . She put into the Federal army 75,315 soldiers. Capital, Trenton. Has 7 representatives and 9 Presidential electors. Governor, George B. McClelland, Democrat ; salary; $5,000 ; term. 3 years.
New York - The " Empire State " was named by the Duke of York, afterward King James II. of England. It has a Latin motto, Excelsior, which means " Still Higher." It was first settled by the Dutch in 1614 at Manhattan. It has an area of 47,000 square miles, or 30.080,000 acres. The population in 1860 was 3.850,735 ; in 1870 it was 4,832,- 759. It is one of the original thirteen States. Capital is Albany. It gave to defend our Government 445,959 men. Has 33 members in Congress, and 35 Presidential elec- tors. Governor, L. Robinson, Demoerat ; salary, $10,000 ; term. 3 years.
North Carolina - Was named after Charles IX., King of France. It is called " The Old North," or " The Turpentine State." It was first visited in 152, by a Florentine navigator. sent out by Francis 1., King of France. It was settled at Albemarle in 1663. It was one of the original thirteen States. It has an area of 50,704 square miles, equal to 32,450,550 acres. It had in 1860 a population of 992,622, and in 1870. 1.071,861. Raleigh is the capital. She furnished 3,156 soldiers to put down the Rebellion. Has 8 members in Congress, and is entitled to 10 Presidential electors. Z. B. Vance, Demo- erat, is Governor ; salary, $5,000; term, 1 years.
Ohio-Took its name from the river on its Southern boundary, and means " Beanti- ful." Its motto is Imperium in Imperio-" An Empire in an Empire." It was first per- manently settled in 1788 at Marietta by New Englanders. It was admitted as a State in 1803. Its capital is Columbus. It contains 39,964 square miles, or 25,576,960 aeres. Population in 1860, 2,339,511 ; in 1870 it had 2,665,260. She sent to the front during the Rebellion 310,654 soldiers. Has 20 representatives, and 22 Presidential electors. Governor, R. M. Bishop, Democrat ; salary. $1.000; term, 2 years.
Oregon-Owes its Indian name to its principal river. Its motto is Alis volat propriis
207
GENERAL HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.
-"She flies with her own wings." It was first visited by the Spaniards in the sixteenth century. It was settled by the English in 1813, and admitted into the Union in 1859. Its capital is Salem. It has an area of 95,274 square miles, equal to 60,975,360 acres. It had in 1860 a population of 52,465 ; in 1870, 90,922. She furnished 1,810 soldiers. She is entitled to I member in Congress, and 3 Presidential electors. W. W. Thayer, Republican, is Governor ; salary, $1,500 ; term, 4 years.
Pennslyvania - This is the " Keystone State," and means "Penn's Woods," and was so called after William Penn, its original owner. Its motto is, " Virtue, liberty and independence." A colony was established by Penn in 1682. The State was one of the original thirteen. It has an area of 46,000 square miles, equaling 29,440,000 acres. It had in 1860 a population of 2,906,215; and in 1870, 3,515,993. She gave to suppress the Rebellion, 338,155 soldiers. Harrisburg is the capital. Has 27 representatives and 29 electors. H. M. Hoyt, is Governor ; salary, $10,000; politics, Republican ; term of office, 3 years.
Rhode Island -This, the smallest of the States, owes its name to the Island of Rhodes in the Mediterranean, which domain it is said to greatly resemble. Its motto is " Hope," and it is familiarly called, "Little Rhody." It was settled by Roger Williams in 1636. It was one of the original thirteen States. It has an area of 1,306 square miles, or 835,840 acres. Its population in 1860 numbered 174,620; in 1870, 217,356. She gave to defend the Union, 23,248 soldiers. Its capitals are Providence and New- port. Has 2 representatives, and 4 Presidential electors. C. Vanzandt is Governor ; politics, Republican ; salary, $1,000; term, 1 year.
South Carolina -The Palmetto State wears the Latin name of Charles IX., of France (Carolus). Its motto is Latin, Animis opibusque parati, " Ready in will and deed." The first permanent settlement was made at Port Royal in 1670, where the French Huguenots had failed three-quarters of a century before to found a settlement. It is one of the original thirteen States. Its capital is Columbia. It has an area of 29,- 385 square miles, or 18,806,400 acres, with a population in 1860 of 703,708; in 1870, 728,000. Has 5 representatives in Congress, and is entitled to 7 Presidential electors. Salary of governor, $3,500 ; term, 2 years.
Tennessee - Is the Indian name for the "River of the Bend," i. e. the Mississippi, which forms its western boundary. She is called " The Big Bend State." Her motto is, " Agriculture, Commerce." It was settled in 1757, and admitted into the Union in 1796, making the sixteenth State, or the third admitted after the Revolutionary War-Ver- mont being the first, and Kentucky the second. It has an area of 45,600 square miles, or 29,184,000 acres. In 1860 its population numbered 1,109,801, and in 1870, 1,257,983. She furnished 31,092 soldiers to suppress the Rebellion. Nashville is the capital. Has 10 representatives, and 12 Presidential electors. Governor, A. S. Marks, Democrat ; salary, $4,000 ; term, 2 years.
Texas- Is the American word for the Mexican name by which all that section of the country was known before it was ceded to the United States. It is known as "The Lone Star State." The first settlement was made by LaSalle in 1685. After the inde- pendence of Mexico in 1822, it remained a Mexican Province until 1836, when it gained its independence, and in 1845 was admitted into the Union. It has an area of 237,504 square miles, equal to 152,002,560 acres. Its population in 1860 was 604,215; in 1870, 818,579. She gave to put down the Rebellion 1,965 soldiers. Capital, Austin, Has 6 representatives, and 8 Presidential electors. Governor, O. M. Roberts, Democrat ; salary, $5,000; term, 2 years.
Vermont - Bears the French name of her mountains Verde Mont, "Green Moun- tains." Its motto is " Freedom and Unity." It was settled in 1731, and admitted into the Union in 1791. Area, 10,212 square miles. Population in 1860, 315,098; in 1870, 330,551. She gave to defend the Government 33,272 soldiers. Capital. Montpelier.
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GENERAL HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.
Has 3 representatives, and 5 electors. Governor, HI. Fairbanks, Republican ; term, 2 years ; salary, 81.000.
Virginia - The Old Dominion, as the State is called, is the oldest of the States. It was named in honor of Queen Elizabeth, the " Virgin Queen," in whose reign Sir Walter Raleigh made his first attempt to colonize that region. Its motto is Sic semper tyrannis, ". So always with tyrants." It was first settled at Jamestown, in 1607, by the English. being the first settlement in the United States. It is one of the original thirteen States. and had before its division in 1862. 61.352 square miles, but at present contains but 38,- 352 square miles, equal to 24,545,280 acres. The population in 1860 amounted to 1,596,318, and in 1870 it was 1,224,830. Richmond is the capital. Has 9 representa- tives, and 11 eleetors. Governor. F. W. M. Halliday, Democrat ; salary. 85.500 : term. + years.
West Virginia - Motto, Montani semper liberi, " Mountaineers are always free." This is the only State ever formed, under the Constitution, by the division of an organized State. This was done in 1862. and in 1863 was admitted into the Union. It has an area of 23,000 square miles, or 14,720,000 aeres. The population in 1860 was 376,000: in 1870 it numbered 445,616. She furnished 32,003 soldiers. Capital, Wheeling. Has three representatives in Congress, and is entitled to 5 Presidential electors. The Governor is H. M. Mathews, Democrat ; term, 4 years; salary, 82,700.
Wisconsin - Is an Indian name, and means " Wild-rushing channel." Its motto, ('ivitatas successit barbarum, " The civilized man succeeds the barbarous." It is called " The Badger State." The State was visited by the French explorers in 1665, and a settlement was made in 1669 at Green Bay. It was admitted into the Union in 1848. It has an area of 52,924 square miles, equal to 34,511,360 acres. In 1860 its population numbered 775,881; in 1870, 1,055,167. Madison is the capital. She furnished for the I'nion army 91,021 soldiers. Has 8 members in Congress, and is entitled to 10 Presi- lential electors. The Governor is W. E. Smith ; polities, Republican ; salary, 85,000 : term, 2 years.
CHAPTER XX.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Origin of the Name of the State- "Suckers." "Pukes" and " Badgers"-" Egypt " - The State Bank - Visit of laFayette - Early Governors - Adolphus F. Hubbard - Wolves and Wolf Sca'ps - A Funny Speech - Gov. Edwards- The First Mail Route - First Newspaper- Population of Illinois by Counties - Production of Agriculture by Counties - Population of Fifty Principal American Cities - Population of the United States - Principal Countries of the World - Practical Business Rules.
The name of this beautiful " Prairie State " is derived from Illini, an Indian word signifying superior men. It has a French termination, and is a symbol of the manner in which the two races, the French and Indians, were intermixed during the carly history of the country. The appellation was no doubt well applied to the primitive inhabitants of the soil, whose prowess in savage warfare long withstood the combined attacks of the fierce Iroquois on the one side, and the no less savage and relentless Sacs and Foxes on the other. The Ilinois were once a powerful confederacy, occupying the most beautiful and fertile region in the great valley of the Mississippi, which their enemies coveted and struggled long and hard to wrest from them. By the fortunes of war they were dimin- ished in number and finally destroyed. "Starved Rock," on the Illinois river, according to tradition, commemorates their last tragedy, where, it is said, the entire tribe starved rather than surrender.
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GENERAL HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.
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CENTRAL HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, JACKSONVILLE.
DORMIT
LDING
DAKER COM
ILLINOIS INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY CHAMPAIGN-FOUNDED BY THE STATE, ENDOWED BY CONGRESS.
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GENERAL HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.
The low cognomen of " Sueker," as applied to Illinoisans, is said to have had its origin at the Galena lead mines. In an early day. when these extensive mines were being worked, men would run up the Mississippi river in steamboats in the Spring, work the lead mines, and in the Fall return, thus establishing, as was supposed, a simili- tude between their migratory habits and those of the fishy tribe called " Suckers." For this reason the Illinoisans have ever since been distinguished by the epithet " Suckers." Those who stayed at the mines over Winter were mostly from Wisconsin, and were called " Badgers." One Spring the Missourians poured into the mines in such numbers that the State was said to have taken a puke, and the offensive appellation of " Pukes " was afterwards applied to all Missourians.
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