USA > Illinois > Williamson County > Williamson County, Illinois, in the World War : containing a brief review of the World War-complete history of Williamson County's activities-photographs and service records of Williamson County's soldiers, sailors and marines > Part 2
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prominent men of the town, one after an- other falling into line. General Logan gave the command, "Forward March," and started round the square, followed by one hundred and ten men, as good and true as every carried a musket. All were enrolled for "three years or during the war," and Southern Illinois was saved to the Union by John A. Logan.
Braver or truer men never followed the stars and stripes or were more unwavering in the discharge of their duty though many times they knew their opponents on the other field of battle were their kindred. From Marion, General Logan went to Saline County where faithful Captain Cain's company was raised. Every county in the district rallied to the cause and in a few weeks the gallant Thirty-first rendezvoused at Cairo, Illinois, and from the day of its organization as a regiment, was ever in the van.
No county in Southern Illinois has a brighter record than has that of Williamson County. Her people have been among the most patriotic in the state. What has been said of the men of the Thirty-first Illinois, can, with equal pride, be said of the soldiers and sailors of the whole of Southern Illinois who took part in saving the Union. The highest ambitions seemed to have inspired the whole population to stupendous effort to be in the foremost rank of prosperity and true Americanism. The untiring energy of her people has made the most of her bountiful resources in agriculture, mineral wealth and intellectual development.
In the intervening years between the close of the Civil War and the beginning of the world's war, Williamson County has made history of which every citizen should be proud. To me personally, the mention of Marion, Williamson County, Illinois, awak- ens memories and associations that are the dearest in life.
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"Lafayette, we are here." Soldiers of the American Expeditionary Forces passing in review at the ceremonies in Paris attending the naming of a street after President Wilson, July 4, 1918.
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Williamson County War History Society Organi- zation and Personnel
"-and now we come to write the history they made-that those brave boys, who turned the world upside down in the greatest of all world wars, did not fight and die in vain, but that their deeds may illuminate the pages of permanent history so that future generations may cherish their memory for- ever."
It is this idea that expresses perfectly the purpose of the publication of this history. No sooner had the armistice been signed than plans were being made to write Williamson County's part in the great war. As early as January 1919, Hal W. Trovillion, editor and publisher of The Herrin News, announced that he would compile a history commemorat- ing the deeds of Williamson County's two thousand five hundred soldiers, sailors and marines. Realizing the arduous task that such a work involved, the editor associated with him S. S. Baird, a well known journalist and
publicity writer of Springfield, Illinois, who was intrusted with the business management of the undertaking. They organized the Williamson County War History Society in March 1919, a volunteer organization made up of some of the most prominent citizens of the county. From that time until the book went to press, Mr. Baird devoted his entire time to the work, and the financial obligation incident to gathering the facts and other nec- essary expenses were borne by Mr. Trovil- lion.
Considerable credit must be accorded to · the officers and advisory committee for their co-operation which was given with the patri- otic spirit shown by Williamson County citi- zens. No officer or member of the advisory committee received any financial compensa- tion with the exception of the special man- ager.
Following is the personnel of the society:
LEON A. COLP, President, Marion, Attorney and Master-in-Chancery.
JUDGE A. D. MORGAN, Vice-President, Herrin, Judge of Herrin City Court.
HAL W. TROVILLION, Secretary-Treasurer, Herrin, Editor and Publisher of The Herrin News.
S. S. BAIRD, Business Manager, Herrin, Journalist and Special Publicity Writer.
TOM CRAIG, Marion, City Editor, Marion Post.
CAPT. OLDHAM PAISLEY, Marion, City Editor, Marion Republican.
REV. JOHN I. GUNN, Marion, Pastor, Christian Church.
ED. M. STOTLAR, Marion, Lumber Merchant.
R. H. H. HAMPTON, Carterville, " Druggist.
REV. E. J. SABIN, Carterville, Pastor, Presbyterian Church.
J. W. McKINNEY, Marion, County Superintendent of Schools.
LIEUT. R. D. HENSON, Johnston City, Attorney.
J. W. BURNETT, Creal Springs, Banker.
ETHEL T. HOLLAND, Marion, Society Editor, Marion Post.
EVA YOUNG, Marion, Vice-Chairman, Marion Red Cross.
REV. E. SENESE, Herrin, Pastor, St. Mary's Church.
T. P. RUSSELL, Hurst, Banker.
WILLIAM J. SNEED, Herrin, President Sub-District 10, U. M. W. A.
A. T. PACE, Herrin, Auditor U. M. W. A.
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French visitors at Lincoln's Tomb-Gen. Joseph Jacques Cesaire Joffre, Field Marshal of the French Army in middle of front line.
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Review of the World War
0 N November 11, 1918, Civilization, war-weary but triumphant, planted the banner of Freedom over the prostrate wreck of Autocratic Militarism. For on that date the most stupendous, the costliest and the bloodiest war in the history of the world came to an end in the French village of Senlis with the signing by five German envoys of an armistice, the terms of which were set by the French Field Marshal Ferdinand Foch, Gen- eralissimo of the armies of the United States and the Allied Powers of France, Great Britain, Italy, Belgium and the smaller na- tions having armed forces in the field against the Teuton craze for world domination. It was the close of the most terrible war the world has ever known, for Terror and Fright- fulness were the watchwords of the German hordes from the day (July 29, 1914) when they swept across the Belgian border to at- tack France from a quarter which Germany herself had joined in solemnly declaring should be inviolate, all through the four and a quarter years of uninterrupted slaughter and rapine, pillage and brigandage. "Make yourselves as terrible as the hordes of Attila the Hun," said the German Kaiser to his troops, and as "Huns" they became univer- sally known and execrated. At the outset of the war, the two Teuton empires, Germany and Austria, faced only two other great Eu- ropean powers, Russia and France, together with the little kingdom of Serbia. But the rape of Belgium brought Great Britain into line against them, as well as Italy in less than a year. The powerful British navy rendered helpless the German surface warcraft, but the German submarines could not so easily be held in check. It was their ruthless and treacherous manner of preying upon bellig- erent and neutral shipping alike which con- tributed largely to Germany's undoing. For the torpedoing by them of the great trans- atlantic liner "Lusitania" off the coast of Ire- land on May 7, 1915, sent such a wave of indignation sweeping over the world, that
even in this country neutrality becaine little more than a mere diplomatic phrase.
Outrage followed upon outrage, in spite of lying promises, broken as soon as made, until in April of 1917 the United States threw itself and its vast resources whole-heartedly into the war, and Germany was doomed. Russia, honeycombed with graft, her whole political system poisoned with a combination of autocracy, ignorance and anarchy, had practically collapsed a year previous hefore the onrush of Von Hidenberg. Serbia de- serted by all of its Balkan allies except Rou- mania, had been crushed under the heel of Von Mackensen. Bulgaria and Turkey had allied themselves with the Teutonic forces, and Greece would have done so but for the staying hands of Great Britain and France. The collapse of Russia, which became an ac- tuality with the downfall of the Czar's regime and the abject treaty of Brest-Litovsk, signed with Germany by the Bolsheviki March 3, 1918, threw a heavy burden on American shoulders; but by this time this country was well on its way to an effective war footing. Huge sums had been raised through four voluntary Liberty Loans, the combined sub- scriptions to which totalled $16,000,000,000; millions of the finest of its youth had been hastily drilled in camps and cantonments in this country and abroad, and by the aid of British transports a vast army had been as- sembled in Europe, under the leadership of Major-General John J. Pershing. At last they were ready to strike. But not before they were sorely needed. The Germans had started a tremendous offensive in March, 1918, an offensive which seemed irresistible. The forces of Field Marshal Haig, the com- mander-in-chief of the British forces, and of General Petain, the head of those of France, were slowly but surely being pushed back under the sheer weight of German divisions released from the Eastern front. Never had matters looked so black for the Allies. On May 27 their line had been broken between
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American soldiers grenading the enemy's trench.
Soissons and Rheims. The situation was des- perate. And then, the very next day, masses of youngsters in olive drab seemed to rise out of the earth. They marched, singing gaily, to the spot where the deadly hail was thickest, beat to pieces the flower of Prussia's troops-and "Cantigny" was written on Amer- ica's battle-flags. But still the steam roller went on. Paris was threatened more nearly than ever since those dark days in the fall of 1914 when Von Kluck's army was thrust back from its very gates.
At Chateau Thierry, on June 6, the French commander ground his teeth as he prepared to move back still further his hospital and supply base-if the deadly German fire per- mitted even that. But they came in time --- the "Yankees"! Division after division of them. With bayonets fixed they plunged across No Man's Land, straight through a perfect hell of machine-gun fire, shrapnel and high explosives, and simply annihilated the guns and gunners. They were a devas- tating whirlwind, and they stopped the Ger- man drive and saved Paris. They did far more than that; they saved Europe and they saved Civilization, for when, on July 18, Marshal Foch began his great counter-offen- sive, it was to the First American Army that he delegated the all-important task of wip- ing out the St. Mihiel salient, the great bulg- ing advance of the Germans since March. On September 12 the Americans did it, tak- ing 15,000 prisoners and shortening the bat- tle line by a score of miles. It was the be-
ginning of the end. Germany had staked her all on a last desperate drive-and it had failed. Events of supreme importance be- came daily occurrences. Bulgaria was the first to surrender. She was soon followed by Turkey, whose armies in Syria had been de- cisively beaten by the British under General Allenby. The Italians, under General Diaz, recovered by force of arms all that they had lost the preceding October through the alleged treachery of General Cadorna; and Austria ceased to be a factor in the war. Beset by revolution at home and the con- sistently victorious advance of the Americans and Allies at the front, Germany begged President Wilson to use his endeavors to se- cure an armistice "on land, on sea and in the air." The proposal was referred to Marshal Foch, and four days after the Ameri- cans had captured the historic city of Sedan, where Germany had taken prisoner the Em- peror of the French forty-seven years ago, the empire of Bismarck and Von Moltke, which then had its birth, came to an inglori- ous end. For the signing of the armistice at Senlis was immediately followed by the abdication and flight to Holland of the Ger- man Kaiser, and a state of socialistic anarchy throughout Germany. The pagan "super- man" German doctrine that might makes right had been shattered, and in the immortal words of Abraham Lincoln, "government of the people, by the people and for the peo- ple" had not been permitted to perish from the earth.
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"Fire!" Pounding the German lines opposite Baleycourt Woods, near Nixeville, Department of the Meuse, with French 340-m. guns manned by Yankee coast artillervmen of the 35th Coast Artillery, 80th Division. This gun hit two German army corps headquarters 30 kilometers distant. (September 26, 1918.)
A Brief Historical Summary of the World War
1914
June 28-Archduke Ferdinand and wife assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia.
July 28 - Austria-Hungary de- clares war on Serbia.
Aug. 1-Germany declares war on Russia and general mobiliza- tion is under way in France and Austria-Hungary.
Aug. 2-German troops enter France at Cirey; Russian troops enter Germany at Schwidden; Ger- man army enters Luxemburg over protest and Germany asks Belgium for free passage of her troops.
Aug. 3-British fleet mobilizes; Belgium appeals to Great Britain for diplomatic aid and German ambassador quits Paris.
Aug. 4-France declares war on Germany; Germany declares war on Belgium; Great Britain sends Belgium neutrality ultimatum to Germany; British army mobilized and state of war between Great Britain and Germany is declared. President Wilson issues neutrality proclamation.
Aug. 5-Germans begin fighting on Belgium frontier; Germany asks for Italy's help.
Aug. 6-Austria declares war on Russia.
Aug. 7-Germans defeated by French at Altkirch.
Aug. 8-Germans capture Liege. Portugal announces it will support Great Britain; British land troops in France.
Aug. 10-France declares war on Austria-Hungary.
Aug. 12-Great Britain declares war on Austria-Hungary; Monte- negro declares war on Germany.
Aug. 15-Japan sends ultima- tum to Germany to withdraw front Japanese and Chinese waters and evacuate Kiaochow; Russia offers autonomy to Poland.
Aug. 20-German army enters Brussels.
Aug. 23-Japan declares war on Germany; Russia victorious in battles in East Prussia.
Aug. 24 - Japanese warships bombard Tsingtao.
Aug. 25-Japan and Austria break off diplomatic relations.
Aug. 28-English win naval bat- tle over German fleet near Helgo- land.
Aug. 29 -- Germans defeat Rus- sians at Allenstein; occupy Amiens; advance to La Fere, six- ty-five miles from Paris.
Sept. 1-Germans cross Marne; bombs dropped on Paris; Turkislı army mobilized; Zeppelins drop bombs on Antwerp.
Sept. 2-Government of France transferred to Bordeaux; Russians capture Lemberg.
Sept. 4-Germans cross the Marne.
Sept. 5-England, France, and Russia sign pact to make no sep- arate peace.
Sept. 6-French win battle of Marne; British cruiser Pathfinder sunk in North Sea by a German submarine.
Sept. 7-Germans retreat from the Marne.
Sept. 14-Battle of Aisne starts; German retreat halted.
Sept. 15-First battle of Sois- sons fought.
Sept. 20-Russians capture Jaro- slau and begin siege of Przemysl.
Oct. 9-10-Germans capture Ant- werp.
Oct. 12-Germans take Ghent.
Oct. 20-Fighting along Yser river begins.
Oct. 29-Turkey begins war on Russia.
Nov. 1-British cruiser fleet de- stroyed in action off coast of Chile.
Nov. 7-Tsingtao falls before Japanese troops.
Nov. 9-German cruiser Emden destroyed.
Dec. 8-German fleet destroyed in battle off Falkland islands.
Dec. 11-German advance on Warsaw checked.
Dec. 14-Belgrade recaptured by Serbians.
Dec. 16-German cruisers bom- bard Scarborough, Hartlepool, and Whitby, on English coast, killing fifty or more persons; Austrians said to have lost upwards of 100,- 000 men in Serbian defeat.
Dec. 25-Italy occupies Avlona, Albania.
1915
Jan. 1-British battleship For- midable sunk.
Jan. 8-Roumania mobilizes 750,000 men; violent nghting in the Argonne.
Jan. 11- Germans cross the . Rawka, thirty miles from War- saw.
Jan. 24-British win naval bat- tle in North Sea.
Jan. 29-Russian army invades Hungary; German efforts to cross Aisne repulsed.
Feb. 1-British repel strong German attack near La Bassee.
Feb. 2-Turks are defeated in attack on Suez canal.
Feb. 4-Russians capture Tar- now in Galicia.
Feb. 8-Turks along Suez canal in full retreat; Turkish land de- fenses at the Dardaneiies shelled by British torpedo boats.
Feb. 11-Germans evacuate Lodz.
Feb. 12-Germans drive Rus- sians from positions in East Prus- sia, taking 26,000 prisoners.
Feb. 14-Russians report cap- ture of fortifications at Smolnik.
Feb. 16-Germans capture Plock and Bielsk in Poland; French cap- ture two miles of German trenches in Champagne district.
Feb. 17-Germans report they have taken 50,000 Russian prison- ers in Mazurian lake district.
Feb. 18-German blockade of English and French coasts put into effect.
Feb. 19-20-British and French fleets bombard Dardanelles forts. Feb. 21-American steamer Eve- lyn sunk by mine in North sea.
Feb. 22-German war office an- nounces capture of 100 000 Rus- sian prisoners in engagements in Mazurian lake region; American steamer Carib sunk by mine in North sea.
Feb. 28-Dardanelles entrance forts capitulate to English and French.
March 4 Landing of allied troops on both sides of Darda- nelles straits reported; German U-4 sunk by French destroyers.
March 10-Battle of Neuve Cha- pelle begins.
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German shell. This was an incident of the fighting in Exermont in the Argonne.
"Beating it to shelter." Three American soldiers are shown here running for safety after a search had announced the coming of a
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March 14-German cruiser Dresden sunk in Pacinc by Eng- lish,
March 18-British battleships Irresistible and Ocean and French battleship Bouvet sunk in Darda- nelles strait.
March -Fort of Przemysl surrenders to Russians.
March 23-Allies land troops on Gallipoli peninsula.
March 25-Russians victorious over Austrians in Carpathians.
April 8-German auxiliary cruiser, Prinz Eitel Friederich, in- terned at Newport News, Va.
April 16-Italy has 1,200,000 men mobilized under arms; Aus- trians report complete defeat of Russians in Carpathian campaign.
April 23-Germans force way across Ypres canal and take 1,600 prisoners.
April 25-Allies stop German drive on Ypres line in Belgium.
April 29-British report regain- ing of two-thirds of lost ground in Ypres battle.
May 7-Liner Lusitania torpe- doed and sunk by German sub- marine off the coast of Ireland with the loss of more than 1,000 lives. 102 Americans.
May 9-French advance two and one-half iniles against German forces north of Arras, taking 2,000 prisoners.
May 23-Italy declares war on Austria.
June 3-Germans recapture Przemysł with Austrian help.
June 18-British suffer defeat north of La Bassee canal.
June 28-Italians enter Austrian territory south of Riva on western shore of Lake Garda.
July 3-Tolmino falls into Ital- ian hands.
July 9 -- British make gains north of Ypres and French retake trenches in the Vosges.
July 13-Germans defeated in the Argonne.
July 29-Warsaw evacuated; Lublin captured by Austrians.
Aug. 4-Germans occupy War- saw.
Aug. 14-Austrians and Ger- mans concentrate 400,000 soldiers on Serhian frontier.
Aug. 21-Italy declares war on Turkey.
Sept. 1-Ambassador Bernstorff announces Germans will sink no more liners without warning.
Sept. 4-German submarine tor- pedoes liner Hesperian.
Sept. 9-Germans make air raid on London, killing twenty persons and wounding 100 others; United States asks Austria to recall Am- bassador Dumba.
Sept. 20-Germans begin drive on Serbia to open route to Tur- key.
Sept. 22-Russian army retreat- ing from Vilna, escapes German encircling movement.
Sept. 25-30 -- Battle of Cham- pagne, resulting in great advance for allied armies and causing Kaiser Wilhelm "to rush to the west front; German counter at- tacks repulsed.
Oct. 5-Russia and Bulgaria sever diplomatic relations; Rus- sian, French, British, Italian, and Serbian diplomatic representatives ask for passports in Sofia.
Oct. 10-Gen. Mackensen's forces take Belgrade.
Oct. 12 -- Edith Cavell executed by Germans.
Oct. 13-Bulgaria declares war on Serbia.
Oct. 15-Great Britain declares war on Bulgaria.
Oct. 16-France declares war on Bulgaria.
Oct. 19-Russia and Italy de- clare war on Bulgaria.
Oct. 27-Germans join Bulgar- ians in northeastern Serbia and open way to Constantinople.
Oct. 30-Germans defeated at Mitau.
Nov. 9-Italian liner Ancona torpedoed.
Dec. 1-British retreat from near Bagdad.
Dec. 4-Ford "peace party" sails for Europe.
Dec. 8-9-Allies defeated in Macedonia.
Dec. 15-Sir John Douglas Haig succeeds Sir John French as chief of English armies on west front.
1916
Jan. 8-British troops at Kut-el- Amara surrounded.
Jan. 9-British evacuate Galli- poli peninsula.
Jan. 13-Austrians capture Ce- tinje, capital of Montenegro.
Jan. 23-Scutari, capital of Al- bania, captured by Austrians.
Feb. 22-Crown prince's army begins attack on Verdun.
March 8-Germany declares war on Portugal.
March 15-Austria-Hungary de- clares war on Portugal.
March 24-Steamer Sussex tor- pedoed and sunk.
April 18-President Wilson sends note to Germany.
April 10-President Wilson speaks to congress, explaining dip- lomatic situation.
April 24-Insurrection in Dub- lin.
April 29-British troops at Kut- el-Amara surrender to Turks.
April 30-Irish revolution sup- pressed.
May 3-Irish leaders of insur- rection executed.
May 4-Germany makes prom- ise to change methods of suhma- rine warfare.
May 13-Austrians begin great offensive against Italians in Tren- tino.
May 31-Great naval battle off Danish coast. (Battie of Jutland.)
June 5-Lord Kitchener lost with cruiser Hampshire.
June 11-Russians capture Dubno.
June 29-Sir Roger Casement sentenced to be hanged for trea- son.
July 1-British and French be- gin great offensive on the Somme.
July 6-David Lloyd George ap- pointed secretary of war.
July 9-German merchant sub- marine Deutschland arrives at Bal- timore.
July 23-Gen. Kuropatkin's arıny wins battle near Riga.
July 27-English take Delville wood; Serbian forces begin attach on Bulgars in Macedonia.
Aug. 2-French take Fleury.
Aug. 3-Sir Roger Casement executed for treason.
Aug. 4-French recapture Thiaumont for fourth time; Brit- ish repulse Turkish attack on Suez canal.
Aug. 7-Italians on Isonzo front capture Monte Sabotino and Monte San Michele.
Aug. 8-Turks force Russian evacuation of Bitlis and Mush.
Aug. 9-Italians cross Isonzo river and occupy Austrian city of Goeritz.
Aug. 10-Austrians evacuate Stanislau; allies take Doiran, near Saloniki, from Bulgarians.
Aug. 19-German submarines sink British light cruisers Notting- ham and Falmouth.
Aug. 24-French occupy Maure- pas, north of the Somme; Rus- sians recapture Mush in Armenia.
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"Firing in the Meuse Valley." Doughboys in the front line trench at Forges, Meuse, taking advantage of the camouflage left by the routed Germans, who took up their positions about 1,200 yards fromn this point; 132d Regiment, Infantry, 33d Division (formerly the 2d and 7th Regiments, Infantry, Ill. N. G.). (October 3, 1918.)
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Aug. 27-Italy declares war on Germany; Roumania enters war on side of allies.
Aug. 29-Field Marshal von Hindenburg made chief of staff of German armies, succeeding Gen. von Falkenhayn.
Aug. 30-Russian armies seize all five passes in Carpathians into Hungary.
Sept. 3-Allies renew offensive north of Somme; Bulgarian and German troops invade Dobrudja, in Roumania.
Sept. 7-Germans and Bulgar- ians capture Roumanian fortress of Tutrakan; Roumanians take Orsova, Bulgarian city.
Sept. 10-German-Bulgarian army capture Roumanian fortress of Silistria.
Sept. 14-British for first time use "tanks."
Sept. 15-Italians begin new of- fensive on Carso.
Oct. 2-Roumanian army of in- vasion in Bulgaria defeated by Germans and Bulgarians under Von Mackensen.
Oct. 4-German submarines sink French cruiser Gallia and Cunard liner Franconia.
Oct. 8-German submarines sink six merchant steamships off Nantucket, Mass.
Oct. 11-Greek seacoast forts dismantled and turned over to al- lies on demand of England and France.
Oct. 23-German-Bulgar armies capture Constanza, Roumania.
Oct. 24-French win back Doua- mont, Thiaumont field work. Hau- dromont quarries, and Caillette wood near Verdun, in smash of two miles.
Nov. 1-Italians, in new offen- sive on the Carso plateau, cap- ture 5,000 Austrians.
Nov. 2-Germans evacuate Fort Vaux at Verdun.
Nov. 5-Germans and Austrians proclaim new kingdom of Poland, of territory captured from Russia. Nov. 6-Suhmarine sinks Brit- ish passenger steamer Arabia.
Nov. 7-Cardinal Mercier pro- tests against German deportation of Belgians; submarine sinks American steamer Columbian.
Nov. 8-Russian army invades Transylvania, Hungary.
Nov. 9-Austro-German armies defeat Russians in Volliynia and take 4,000 prisoners.
Nov. 13-British launch new of- fensive in Somme region on both sides of Ancre.
Nov. 14-British capture forti- fied village of Beacourt, near the Ancre.
Nov. 19-Serbian, French and Russian troops recapture Mona- stir; Germans cross Transylvania Alps and enter western Roumania.
Nov. 21-British hospital ship Britannic sunk by mine in Egean sea.
Nov. 23-Roumanian army re- treats ninety miles from Buchar- est.
Nov. 24-German-Bulgarian ar- mies take Orsova and Turnu-Sev- erin from Roumanians.
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