USA > Illinois > Williamson County > Williamson County, Illinois, in the World War : containing a brief review of the World War-complete history of Williamson County's activities-photographs and service records of Williamson County's soldiers, sailors and marines > Part 4
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8,841,657,000
Raised by taxation in 1918.
3,694,000,000
Raised by Liberty Loans
14,000,000,000
War Savings Stamps to November, 1918
834,253,000
War relief gifts, estimated. 4,000,000,000
From "Commerce and Finance," New York.
CHIEF ARMIES OF THE GREAT WAR.
Men Enlisted
United States
3,000,000
British Empire
7,500,000
France
6,000,000
Russia
14,000,000
Italy
2,500,000
Total
to 3 Years
181,662
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U. 8
COPYRIGHT BY COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC INFORMATION
"Outpost Duty." American outposts in the Hecken Sector of Alsace, watching for the enemy; one is armed with a rifle grenade and one with a Chauchat machine gun; members of Company A, 126th Regiment, Infantry, 32d Division.
Officers of the United States Army and Navy
Officers of the United States Army, in force now, consist of the following:
The Commander in Chief of the United States Army and Navy, the President of the United States.
Secretary of War. First Assistant Secretary of War. Second Assistant Secretary of War. Third Assistant Secretary of War.
Two Generals. Two Lieutenant Generals.
Six Major Generals. Thirty-five Brigadier Generals.
Colonels. Lieutenant Colonels.
Majors. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants.
The number of field officers, beginning with colonel, and line officers vary in number according to the size of the army, while the number of the general officers, above mentioned, are continuous regardless of the size of the army, and additional general officers are commissioned temporarily for the increased army according to the demands of the service.
The President of the United States is the Commander in Chief of the United States Navy.
CABINET OFFICERS.
The Secretary of the Navy. Assistant Secretary of Navy. Admiral of Navy. Admiral. Vice Admiral.
Rear Admiral. Captain. Commander. Lieutenant Commander. Lieutenant. Lieutenant (Junior Grade). Ensign. U. S. MARINE CORPS.
/
Major General. Brigadier General. Colonel. Lieutenant Colonel.
Captain. First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant.
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Insignia of Rank --- Army and Navy
5
Admiral of the Navy
Admiral
Vice Admiral
Rear Admiral
Admiral
Chief Gunner
Vice Admiral
Gunner
Rear Admiral
Chief Boatswain
Captain
Commander
Lieutenant Commander
Lieutenant
Lieutenant Junior
Enaign
Midshipman Midahipman First Class Second Class
Ch Gunner Ch. Boatswain Ch. Carpenter Boatswain Ch. Sailmaker Gunner Ch. Machinist Ch. Pharmacist Machinist Pharmacist Mate
Pay Clerk
INSIGNIA OF RANK ON SLEEVE WORN ONLY ON BLUE COATS NAVY
WORN ONLY ON WHITE UNIFORMS ANO OVERCOATS SHOULDER MARKS, NAVY
AVIATION SECTION, ARMY
Military Aviators and Observers wear U S and crossed flags of Signal Corps on collar.
Enlisted men wear regular Signal Corps buttons on collar The insignia of Military Aviators and Observera are embroidered in silver thread with gold U S and worn on left breast Enlisted men on sleeve
2
+
Enlisted Aviator
Military Aviator Junior Military Aviator and Reserve Military Aviator without star
2
2
US
Observer
CHEVRONS. ARMY
Regimental Sergt Major
Regimental Supply Sergt
Color Sergeant
Battalion Sergt. Major
First Sergt.
Sergeant
Corporal
Lance Corpl.
0
Junior Lieutenant
Pay Clerk
Captain
Boatswain
Commander
Carpenter
Lieut. Commander
Warrant Machinist
Lieutenant
Mate
Carpenter Sailmaker
o
Enlisted Men Enlisted Mechanician
Ensign
Admiral of the Navy
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.
Insignia of Rank --- Army
Inlantry
Cavalry
Artillery
General
Lieutenant General
Major General
Brigadier General
Engineers
Quartermaster
Signal
Marks worn by first-class privates
Ordnance
Medical
Colonel
Lieutenant Colonel (Silver)
Major Gold)
Captain
First
Second Lieutenant (Gold Bar)
ยท Lieutenant
SPECIALTY MARKS WORN ON SLEEVE ARMY
Officer's Overcoat (Back ) Two Bone Buttons
Enlisted Man's Overcoat Two Bronze Buttona
5 rows: Colonel 4 3
Gen. Officer
Service Coat
2
.. Lt Major Capt
I row Ist Lt. and 1 row brown 2nd Lt OFFICERS OVERCOAT AND SERVICE COAT SLEEVE
Officer's Cap
Campaign Hat
Leather Leggins worn by all officers while on duty ARMY
O. D. Canvaa Leggins worn by soldiers
OFFICER'S SHOULDER STRAP INSIGNIA, ARMY
Cook
Farrier
Horse Shoer
Saddler
Mechanic
Wagoner
SOLDIER'S OVERCOAT AND SERVICE COAT SLEEVE
39
40
ORPS
14079
in
$57
COPYRIGHT BY COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC INFORMATION
"The Last Tribute." Marine firing a salute over the graves of fallen American soldiers at a cemetery in Chaumont. (May 30, 1918.)
5
COPYRIGHT BY COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC INFORMATION
A Yankee sniper, stationed in an American sector of Alsace, on soil that before 1914 was in German possession.
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Italian visitors at Lincoln's Tomb-From left to right: John Picco, Italian Con- sul; Maj. Gen. Emilio Guglielmotti, Italian Regular Army; Hon. James M. Graham; Col. Stephen O. Tripp; Sam Bonansinga; Caesare Sansone, Asst. Italian Consul.
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Williamson County's Activities in the World War
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The Liberty Loan Campaign
BY E. B. JACKSON Cashier Marion State Savings Bank
W HEN America entered the war against Germany, April 6th, 1917, William- son County had been going along in her usual and peaceful manner, growing, prospering and advancing industrially, edu- cationally, morally and religiously. We were so far inland that the war and all of its horrors seemed a long way off.
Our people were so busy accumulating money and developing the wonderful re- sources of old Williamson that many won- dered if we could wake up to our new con- ditions. However, we were not to be in doubt very long. The cruel barbarism of the Kaiser had already roused the fighting blood handed down to us by our Indian fighting pioneer grandfathers and when Uncle Sam decided to check Wilhelm in his mad career, the manhood of this country arose in its might and ' struck a blow for Liberty that could not be excelled by any county of like resources in the Union.
Men, money and coal were needed and Williamson County had all of them. Real men rose up as if by magic; men of all ages, who were full of patriotic fervor, were ask- ing "what can I do?" Men who really wanted to go to the defense of their country. Men who were not afraid. Men who counted their country's honor above everything. Men who would bare their breasts joyously to the bul- lets of the enemy and who would never give up until victory crowned their efforts.
Uncle Sam wanted about 3,600 of these men to go into the army and navy and do the real fighting. He wanted more than as many more to stay at home and dig coal and the rest he needed to back them up with food and money.
MONEY-What a magic word! Without it the war could not have been won. Our government must have money, and back here in Old Williamson County the people had it.
They had been making money for years, and now the time had come to use it in the great- est cause that had ever been known before.
The population of this county contained no Millionaires, but it did contain thousands of honest, thrifty people who had accumu- lated a compentence and who now offered it on the altar of their country. The man with only $50.00 bought his Liberty Loan Bond just as eagerly and with just as much patriotism as the man with many thousands. Everybody bought in proportion to his abil- ity. Many who could not raise as much as $50.00 all at once, paid through the banks in installments of $1.00 per week or more and thus showed that, to the extent of their ability, they were backing up the boys at the front just as enthusiastically as anyone else.
Until the great World War, many had looked upon the banks as rather cold hearted corporations that were simply out to make money and that nothing could move them to sacrifice profits, no matter how worthy the cause might be.
Here was another ideal to be shattered. The Treasury Department at Washington asked John Herrin, Cashier of First National Bank, Herrin, and E. B. Jackson, Cashier Marion State & Savings Bank, to act as Co- Chairmen and organize an association for selling United States Bonds to the people of Williamson County to help carry on the war. The notice was so short that in the First Loan there was not time to make a thor- ough campaign among the people, so the managing officers of all the thirteen banks in the county were called together to con- sider the proposition. Now what do you think those "cold hearted, money grabbing" banks did? Why they didn't hesitate for one minute. As one man, they all said "we will call in our loans that are now drawing 6%
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or 7% interest and we will buy Uncle Sam's bonds at 4%." They said "Profits do not interest us when our country needs our money." Furthermore they said "If Uncle Sam needs more, we will get it and every time he asks for money from Old William- son, he is going to get it." And they kept their word all through the five successive loans asked for. Expenses increased, addi- tional help became necessary in many banks to handle the Liberty Loan Bonds, and profits declined alarmingly but the banks of Williamson County without exception stuck to their task and showed that patriotism does not live only on the field of battle. Every time that the people as individuals found the
JOHN HERRIN Cashier First National Bank Herrin
load too heavy the banks raised the money and gave a larger subscription than was asked for. Every time Uncle Sam called for money he got more than he asked for and every time the test came, the people and the banks promptly went "over the top."
All the glory of these Liberty Loan Cam- paigns does not belong to the banks how- ever. Many individuals deserve just as much or more praise. Space will not permit and it is not possible otherwise to chronicle here all the cases of selfsacrifice, for many sacri- ficed so secretely that no one knew the full measure of it.
One widow woman whose only son was in the service saved enough from the small allotment he made her, to buy a $50.00 bond. An old veteran of the Civil War, drawing a pension of $30.00 per month and having no other means of support saved and bought a $50.00 bond in six months time. Clerks, me- chanics, laborers and people of small in- comes in various lines paid for bonds on the installment plan and in doing so sacrificed more comfort and the necessary things of life than many can imagine. Coal miners regu- larly deducted stated sums from their pay checks to pay for bonds and simply made the remainder of their pay do to live on.
The patriotism that had seemed dormant
E. B. JACKSON Cashier State Savings Bank Marion
before was now in full blast. The idea in the minds of everyone was, "If my country needs my money, I will get along without it." "My boy or my neighbor's boy is at the front fighting my fight and I am going to see that he has money to provide for his needs, no matter how short may be my rations here at home." The spirit of Washington, Lincoln and all the old time patriots was alive again and living in the hearts of all our people. Truly it was a revelation to those who were engaged in selling Liberty Bonds to the peo- ple of Williamson County. No pro-German- ism here. German born citizens were just
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Mr. and Mrs. T. P. Russell, Hurst, who directed the Liberty Loan campaign at Hurst and active workers in all war activities.
as strong in the faith as others. One German in this county sold some very valuable and promising real estate in order to buy Ten Thousand ($10,000.00) Dollars worth of bonds. German born farmers bought bonds just as liberally as any others and that is saying a good deal, for the farmers of Wil- liamson County certainly did buy bonds to the limit. It had not before been believed that there was so much money in the hands of the farmers. Every farmer seemed to have money and was vieing with his neighbor to see who could turn his property into money and buy the most bonds.
Business men and professional men were the same. One business man had contem- plated a new store that promised good profits but he cast aside the thought and bought bonds with the money and borrowed $5,- 000.00 at 6% to buy more bonds at 41/2%. A certain lawyer, having no ready cash, bor- rowed $4,000.00 at 6% and bought bonds at 41/2%.
During the Liberty Loan Campaigns, the county chairman assigned quotas to each township and every township, every time, took its quota or more. However, as the subscriptions had to be made through the banks, the figures here given are given un-
der the names of the banking towns and the communities that they serve. The bonds bought at the various banking towns during the five loans, were as follows:
Marion $1,940,250.00
Herrin 1,469,050.00
Johnston City 739,050.00
Carterville 545,050.00
Hurst-Bush
142,650.00
Creal Springs 121,450.00
Cambria 107,750.00
Total $5,065,250.00
The organization for selling these bonds was as follows:
John Herrin
E. B. Jackson
Co-Chairmen
Executive Committee
John Herrin J. W. Burnett
E. B. Jackson
John Alexander
J. C. Mitchell Mike Ferrell
Ira Leigh
M. W. Sizemore
C. D. Hobbs
Heads of Departments
Director of Publicity .
.....
.. C. W. Hay
Director of Bank Subscriptions. Wm. Hendrickson
Director for Organizing Towns and cities
.L. C. Campbell
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Director for Organizing Townships ......
P. B. Wilson
Director of Sales A. K. Elles
Director of Distribution of Supplies .....
.O. S. Cole
Director of Speakers.
Judge R. T. Cook
City Committees were as follows:
Marion
A. J. Binkley
George R. Stone
Harry Holland
O. W. Williams
John I. Gunn
Adv .- John R. Pulley, Earl Collard Johnston City
L. D. Hobbs Mrs. Ben LaMaster
Gordon Pillow A. A. Pearce
J. J. Gahm Dr. J. F. McKee
Adv .- G. M. Bowyer, J. S. Evans Herrin
Joe Walker Mrs. Will Owen
M. P. Zwick D. C. Grear
L. C. Koen R. A. Karr Adv .- O. F. Harris Carterville
Rev. A. E. Powell Mike Ferrell
T. J. Moake
J. B. Samuel
Harry North Mrs. Tina Thompson Adv .- S. S. Vick Hurst
T. P. Russell Mrs. T. P. Russell Township Committees were: Corinth
Dr. G. S. Roberts Thompsonville, Ill.
John Hartwell
Route 1, Marion, Ill.
Will Holland.
. Thompsonville, Ill.
Adv't Man
R. W. Alsup Thompsonville, Ill.
East Lake Creek
W. D. Sinks Route 1, Marion, Ill. H. J. H. Becker. Johnston City, Ill. Adv't Man
H. C. Duty Pittsburg, Ill.
Harvey Harris. Johnston City, Ill.
J. I. Newton Route 1, Marion, Ill. Herrin Township
Albert Storm
Herrin, Ill.
Frank M. Roberts
Johnston City, Ill.
W. J. Payne.
. Herrin, Ill.
Charles Amati
Herrin, Ill.
Adv't Man Ralph Cox. Johnston City, Ill.
Blairsville
S. E. Storm.
Cambria, Ill.
Allen Kilbreath.
Clifford, Ill.
John Edmonds.
Hurst, Ill.
Jerome Childers.
. Bush, Ill.
Dr. A. W. Springs
Dew Maine, Ill.
Mrs. Chas. Young.
Cambria, Ill.
Adv't Man
Ira Clark.
Carterville, Ill.
Carterville
J. Wes Hayton.
.Carterville, Ill.
M. L. Duncan.
Carterville, Ill.
John L. Bulliner
.Carterville, Ill.
Fred Crain.
.Carterville, Ill.
Adv't Man
Ed. Stearns
Carterville, Ill.
Grassy
Roscoe Baker
Makanda, Ill.
L. L. Gallimore.
. Carterville, Ill.
Wm. Coleman.
Carterville, Ill.
I. N. Lentz
Wolf Creek, Ill.
Adv't Man
I. N. Walker
Wolf Creek, Ill.
Southern
Jack Hudgens
Hudgens, Ill.
J. C. Cox.
Goreville, Ill.
Henry Nolte
. Route 5, Marion, Ill.
J. T. Miller .
Route 5, Marion, Ill.
A. T. McInturff
Route 5, Marion, Ill.
J. M. Mouser
Route 5, Marion, Ill.
Adv't Man
Robert Hudgens.
Hudgens, Ill.
Creal Springs
Mrs. James Allee.
Creal Springs, Ill.
J. W. Burnett
.Creal Springs, Ill.
Robert Taylor.
. Creal Springs, Ill.
John Simpson
Creal Springs, Ill.
Wm. Schuey
Creal Springs, Ill.
Levi Ferrell.
. Creal Springs, Ill.
Dr. D. H. Harris. Marion, Ill.
Adv't Man
John Morray
Creal Springs, Ill.
Stonefort
R. L. Chaney
Stonefort, Ill.
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J. H. Davenport Creal Springs, Ill.
George Kelley. . Stonefort, Ill.
Marion Wright. Stonefort, Ill.
Robert Tanner Stonefort, Ill.
Adv't Man
T. F. Trammel Stonefort, Ill.
Crab Orchard
George Neely Stonefort, Ill.
Milo Turner.
Crab Orchard, Ill.
Sam Clarida
Crab Orchard, Ill.
Geo. S. Parks Crab Orchard, Ill.
J. H. Edwards. Crab Orchard, Ill.
Adv't Man
Roy Fiveash
. Crab Orchard, Ill.
East Marion
E. L. Welbourn New Dennison, Ill.
Lloyd Bradley Marion, Ill.
P. N. Lewis.
Marion, Ill.
Guy Rex.
Marion, Ill.
Phillip Fluck.
Marion, Ill.
Adv't Man
John Pulley Marion, Ill.
West Marion
Samuel Stearns Marion, Ill.
John J. Wohlwend. Marion, Ill.
Ed T. Aikman.
Marion, Ill.
A. W. Harpstripe.
Marion, Ill.
J. R. Turner. Marion, Ill.
Adv't Men
Earl Collard, W. A. Sanders .. . .. Marion, Ill.
All this work was not done by the men by any means. The women of Williamson County had a complete organization and were equally zealous and efficient as the men. Their report in full follows this as it is de- serving of a special department.
When the decendents of the present gen- eration read this history they must not look at the above list of names and think that these people alone did all for the Liberty Loans, but they must remember as well, those who put up the money; those who sacrificed but who were not in the spot light. This class includes nearly every citizen of the County and no county in America can boast a finer, more patriotic citizenry than William- son County, Illinois.
The 4-Minute Men
The first origination of the 4-Minute Men in Williamson County was perfected in June, 1917, with R. R. Fowler as Chairman. The members of the organization were, respectively, R. R. Fowler, Ed. M. Spiller, Geo. R. Stone, L. A. Colp, John I. Gunn, Rufus Neely, John M. Reid, W. O. Paisley, W. W. Skaggs, and Wm. H. Warder.
The primary purpose of the organization was to make four-minute talks at the different theaters in the city of Marion on subjects furnished by the Government, and these talks were to be made under the direction and instruction of the Government, thereby giving to the people as nearly as possible
R. R. FOWLER, States Attorney Chairman, 4-Minute Men.
the truth with reference to matters important that they should understand. One of the main purposes of the organization was to combat German propa- ganda, which was rife throughout this section of the country at the beginning of the war.
The members of the organization were called upon to aid in all the financial drives made during the war, and it can be truthfully said for the 4-Minute Men that they did their full duty in that regard and never failed when called upon to respond heartily, not only. to speak in the theatres but to go on the campaigns throughout the County, in all Townships and communities where meetings were held for the purpose of putting over the diffeffrent loans and raising money for the Red Cross and Y. M. C. A.
It is impossible to give anything like the number of people addressed by the 4-Minute Men of this Country during the war, for the reason that they spoke on so many different occasions and to audi- ences varying from five hundred to five thousand. The 4-Minute Men patriotically and unreservedly gave of their services to the very best of their ability when called upon in their line of work.
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5
Women and the Liberty Loan
BY ETHEL TIDWELL HOLLAND
Chairman of Townships
T THE women of the United States were not requested to assist in selling the Bonds of the First Liberty Loan. In Washing- ton and in other cities, as well as in the rural communities, the women responded so sur- prisingly well to the call to buy Bonds, that Secretary of the Treasury, William G. Mc- Adoo, appointed a National Women's Liberty Loan Committee to work in the Second Lib- erty Loan campaign and the subsequent cam- paigns. Several women from Illinois were appointed on this committee, among whom were Mesdames George Bass, Antoinette Funk and Kellogg Fairbanks.
The State War Loan organization of the Women's Committee was perfected through the Illinois Federation of Women's Clubs, with a State chairman and twenty-five Dis- trict Chairmen in the State of Illinois. Mrs. T. S. Browning of Benton was made the chair- man for the Women's Liberty Loan Commit- tee of the Twenty-fifth Congressional District, which includes Williamson and seven other counties. Mrs. Browning appointed Miss Laura Belle Warder of Marion County chair- man for the Second Liberty Loan campaign. No official record of the amount of sales made by the women of Williamson County during that campaign was kept, however, women throughout the County were pur- chasers of Bonds of the Second issue.
The District chairman appointed Celeste Benson Smith (Mrs. Wayne Smith) of Her- rin, chairman of the Women's Committee in Williamson County for the Third Loan and re-appointed her for both the Fourth and Fifth Loans. Mrs. Smith, in turn, immedi- ately selected six city chairmen in the County to conduct the actual sales campaign. Each of the six City chairmen served in the same capacity for the Third, Fourth and Fifth Liberty Loan campaigns. They were given
the authority of selecting as many assistants, and of conducting their own campaigns as they chose.
In Marion, the City chairman, Mrs. Ethel T. Holland selected the following committee for the Third Loan: Mrs. H. D. Norris, Mrs. B. Glenn Gulledge, Mrs. W. T. Holland, Mrs. A. C. Corley and Miss Evaylon Thurmond, who distributed literature and posters, and solicited Clubs, Lodges, Church societies and all women's organizations to support the Loan. The sales accredited to the work of the women's committee were pleasing. In the Fourth Loan, five Ward chairmen were se- lected: Mesdames W. S. Burkhart, Harriett B. Stephenson, F. G. Campbell, F. L. Shimer and H. D. Norris for Wards One, Two, Three, Four and Five respectively, who in turn named from twelve to twenty others to serve on their committees. They made a thorough house to house canvas of the city, placed workers in all the Banks, Post Office, Library, Churches and other public places on Volun- teer Days. The response to their well di- rected, concerted effort was exceptionally gratifying, giving them first place of all the women's committees in the County and District, and aiding very materially in plac- ing Williamson County first in the District, in both the amount of sales and number of subscribers to the Loan.
. In the Fifth or Thanksgiving Loan, as it was sometimes called, the five Ward chair- men were Mesdames Robert Blake, Raymond Shaw, Glenn Goddard, Mollie E. Boles and H. D. Norris, who conducted their campaign on a similar plan to that of the Fourth Loan. Mrs. Brooks Bond, a Marion florist, served as a decorating committee for Mass meet- ings in the fifth Loan drive. Madame Schu- man-Heinke was present in both Herrin and Marion one day of the Fifth campaign and
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spoke in the interest of the Loan, beside pur- chasing Bonds in either city. While in Marion she was given the official badge of the Women's committee salesmen, and proudly wore it with her many decorations at her concert in Herrin on the evening of the same day. The sales of the Marion com- mittee lacked but $1,350.00 totaling half of the entire amount of sales credited to the women of the County in the Fifth Loan.
Stella Owen (Mrs. Will Owen) of Herrin was city chairman for Herrin for the Third, Fourth and Fifth Loan campaigns, and was
CELESTE BENSON SMITH County Chairman
assisted by large committees whom she named. In the Third Loan, the work was done through the women's organizations of the city, Ladies' Aid Societies, Clubs and Lodges, and also through the Public Schools. This committee far excelled all others in sales in this campaign. In the Fourth Loan, the women's committee had representatives in the three Banks on Volunteer Days. The Camp Fire Girls under the leadership of their Guardians, Misses Hester Renard and Lois Benson, sold Bonds from booths down town. Complete report of their work is given in a separate department. The entire faculty of the City and High Schools canvassed the city. In the Fifth Loan the work was done through the women's organizations.
Other City chairmen were Mrs. Ben La- Master at Johnston City, who had a large and active committee, Miss Tena Thompson at Carterville, who conducted active drives with splendid assistants, Mrs. Belle Russell at Hurst, who made wonderful reports, Mrs. Charles Young at Cambria, who also served as chairman of Blairsville Township in the Fourth and Fifth campaigns and accom- plished great things, and Mrs. James Allee at Creal Springs, who also served as chairman of Creal Springs Township, and conducted successful drives. A "Liberty Bell" was rung
..
ETHEL TIDWELL HOLLAND Chairman of Townships
in Hurst for every sale made by the wom- en's committee in the Fourth campaign, and they have the unusual record of having placed a Fourth Loan window flag in every home in their city. In Johnston City the women's committee sold Fourth Loan Bonds from downtown booths as well as from house to house.
All of the six City chairmen, with not a single exception, served throughout the Third, Fourth and Fifth Loan campaigns. Their drives were conducted in compara- tively similar methods to that of the County seat, Marion, which is described in detail, be- cause their figures were available for record.
At the same time of Mrs. Smith's ap- pointment as County Chairman, Mrs. Ethel
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T. Holland, Society Editor of the Marion Evening Post, was appointed County Chair- man of Townships of the Women's Commit- tee for Williamson County. She, also, was re-appointed for the Fourth and Fifth Loans. Mrs. Holland named a chairman together with four other women in each of the twelve Townships in the County, instructing them to confer and act with the members of the men's committee in promoting the sale of Liberty Loan Bonds.
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