USA > Indiana > Carroll County > History of Carroll County Indiana, its people, industries and institutions > Part 17
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FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS.
A dispensation was granted, pursuant to a petition signed by Gen. Samuel Milroy, D. L. Shoup, D. F. Vandeventer, A. M. Berry and R. Rich- ardson, by Philip Mason, grand master of the grand lodge of Indiana, May 24, 1842, authorizing the petitioners to work as St. John's Lodge, under dispensation. On the 13th of June, 1842, the new lodge was instituted. The following officers were chosen: A. M. Berry, worshipful master; H. B. Milroy, senior warden; D. L. Shoup, junior warden; J. Witherow, treasurer; R. C. Green, secretary ; G. M. Maxwell, senior deacon; D. W. Bowen, junior deacon; W. H. Buford, tyler.
In 1843 a charter was granted to St. John's Lodge, at Delphi, as Mount Olive Lodge No. 48. G. M. Maxwell was the first master; H. B. Milroy. senior warden; E. Rinehart, junior warden.
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ADVANCE LODGE NO. 220.
A charter was granted in May, 1858, authorizing the formation of a lodge in Delphi, by the name of Advance Lodge No. 220. B. F. Schermer- horn was worshipful master; A. Garrett, senior warden; and G. Robertson, junior warden. In 1875 the charter was surrendered to the grand master by his permission.
DELPHI LODGE NO. 516.
A charter was granted by the grand lodge in May, 1875, authorizing the establishing of a lodge in Delphi, to be called Delphi Lodge No. 516. The officers were: J. T. Richardson, worshipful master; M. R. Graham, senior warden; M. Jakes, junior warden; Reed Case, treasurer; P. W. Allen, secretary ; J. M. Watts, senior deacon; J. Lathrope, junior deacon; and W. F. Inglee, tyler.
DELPHI CHAPTER NO. 21.
In February, 1851, a petition was presented to the grand high priest of the state of Indiana, praying for authority to organize a chapter in Delphi. of Royal Arch Masons. The deputy grand high priest, Isaac Bartlett, of Logansport, granted a dispensation bearing date of March 7, 1851, appoint- ing the following officers: A. H. Bowen, high priest; D. F. Vandeventer, king; Hiram Allen, scribe.
BURLINGTON LODGE NO. III.
Burlington Lodge No. III, Free and Accepted Masons was organized at Burlington, Indiana, May 30, 1851.
WILDCAT LODGE NO. 31I.
Wildcat Lodge No. 311, Free and Accepted Masons, was organized at the flouring-mill of John Adams in 1864. The officers were: G. W. Long, worshipful master; W. L. Mabitt, senior warden; C. N. Burns, junior warden.
MOUNT ZION LODGE NO. 211.
Mount Zion Lodge No. 211, Free and Accepted Masons, was organized at Camden, Indiana, July 30, 1856. The officers were: G. Kuns, wor- shipful master ; J. M. Justice, senior warden; L. G. Patterson, junior warden.
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BRINGHURST LODGE NO. 558.
Bringhurst Lodge No. 558, Free and Accepted Masons, was organized at Bringhurst, Indiana, in March, 1880. The officers were: J. W. Guth- ridge, worshipful master; T. F. Drake, senior warden; H. J. Ball, junior warden; W. Shaffer, treasurer; W. R. Slaughter, secretary; F. P. Miller, senior deacon; D. W. Miller, junior deacon; J. Garrison, tyler.
ROCKFIELD LODGE NO. 541.
Rockfield Lodge No. 541, Free and Accepted Masons, was organized at Rockfield, Indiana, in 1878. The officers were: William Stansell, wor- shipful master; S. T. Barnes, senior warden; Doctor Powell, junior warden; W. F. Shearer, secretary ; C. Stansell, treasurer.
INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD FELLOWS.
Bringhurst Lodge No. 459, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, at Bringhurst, Indiana, was organized on July 2, 1874. The first officers of the lodge were: George W. Hall, noble grand; C. C. Brown, vice-grand; J. F. Bard, secretary; M. Plank, treasurer. The membership on December 31, 1914, was twenty-eight. Resources, $778.87. Officers for the term commencing January 1, 1915: Clarence L. Wilson, noble grand; Robert W. Nimmons, financial secretary.
BURLINGTON LODGE NO. 77.
Burlington Lodge No. 77, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, located at Burlington, Indiana, was organized on January 10, 1860. The charter members were: George Bolles, J. M. Darnell, J. M. Longstroth, T. W. Oliphant, William Potter, Anthony Foust and Mathew Simpson. The mem- bership on December 31, 1914, was fifty-one. Resources, $486.08. Officers for the term commencing January 1, 1915: Charles Farber, noble grand; Jacob Furgeson, financial secretary.
BURROWS LODGE NO. 493.
Burrows Lodge No. 493, Independent Order of Odd Fellows located at Burrows, Indiana, was organized on November 13, 1875. The charter
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members were: O. N. Glasscock, John W .. West, Thomas Kendall, Enoch Noble, R. S. Noble, E. A. Fowler, and John A. Gruler. The first officers of the lodge were: O. N. Glasscock, noble grand; R. S. Mullen, vice-grand; John W. West, secretary; Enoch Noble, treasurer. The membership on December 31, 1914, was eighty-two. Resources, $3,296.58. Officers for the term commencing January 1, 1915: Carl Hilderbrand, noble grand and J. W. Smith, financial secretary.
CUTLER LODGE NO. 571.
Cutler Lodge No. 571, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, is located at Cutler, Indiana, and was organized on April 18, 1879. The charter members were: John H. Woodrum, John G. Weida, Moses Plank, James Walker, Doctor Andrews and W. M. Shanklin. The first officers were: John H. Woodrum, noble grand; J. J. Weida, vice-grand; F. S. Wray, secretary ; Moses Plank, treasurer. The membership on December 31, 1914, was forty-six. Resources, $1,977.52. Officers for the term commencing January 1, 1915 : Elva Peters, noble grand; Elva Tinkle, financial secretary.
CARROLL LODGE NO. 174.
Carroll Lodge No. 174, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, located in the city of Delphi, was organized on January 9, 1857. The charter mem- bers were, Mathew Simpson, Henry E. Olds, George W. Pigman, D. D. Duke, Anthony Foust, J. C. Hannum, W. B. Givens, Thomas Givens, E. W. Hubbard and Joel Dewey. The first officers were, E. W. Hubbard, noble grand: Joseph Potter, vice-grand; J. C. Hannum, recording secretary. The membership on December 31, 1914, was 203. Resources, $20,298.26. Officers for the term commencing January 1, 1915, were, R. W. Whelan, noble grand; J. J. Tyner, recording secretary.
DELPHI LODGE NO. 28.
Delphi Lodge No. 28, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, located in the city of Delphi, was organized on February 13, 1846. The charter mem- bers were: David M. Bowen, W. H. Buford, James H. Stewart, N. H. Gist and James P. Dugan. First officers were, David W. Bowen, noble grand; William H. Buford, vice-grand; James H. Stewart, secre- tary, and N. H. Gist, treasurer. The membership on December 31. 1914, was 204. Resources, $29,448.95. The officers for the term commencing
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January 1, 1915, were, James Wilday, noble grand; W. C. Smith, financial secretary.
FLORA LODGE NO. 526.
Flora Lodge No. 526, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, located at Flora, Indiana, was organized on March 17, 1876. The charter members were: Harvey Harris, James B. Cromer, A. L. Bright, C. A. Thompson and S. U. Highland. The first officers were: S. U. Highland, noble grand; J. R. Cromer, vice grand; J. G. Bright, recording secretary ; W. B. Switzer, treasurer. The membership on December 31, 1914, was eighty-four. Resources, $8,120.76. Officers for the term commencing January 1, 1915: I. M. Jordan, noble grand: N. W. Pearson, financial secretary.
ROCKFORD LODGE NO. 301.
Rockfield Lodge No. 301, Independent Order of Odd Fellows,. located at Rockfield, Indiana, was organized on November 20, 1867. The charter members were: H. K. Stauffer, A. S. McCormick, John Gregg, W. I. Huntsinger, Absalom Parks, W. H. Stansell. H. A. Baily, A. M. Roop, M. B. Thompson, A. J. Williamson and Frederick Krum. The first officers of the lodge were: A. J. Williamson, noble grand; H. K. Stauffer, vice grand; John Gregg, recording secretary; W. I. Huntsinger, financial secre- tary; A. S. McCormick, treasurer. The membership on December 31, 1914, was one hundred sixteen. Resources, $10,299.58. Officers for the term commencing January 1, 1915: J. Lewis Shuey, noble grand; F. M. Mar- dock, financial secretary.
MORSE LODGE NO. 477.
Morse Lodge No. 477, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, is located at Deer Creek. The membership on December 31, 1914, was one hundred twenty-six. Resources, $4.289.80.
ODD FELLOWS' ENCAMPMENT.
Carroll Encampment No. 22, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, located at Delphi, Indiana, was organized on April 23, 1850. The charter members were: Levi S. Dale, W. H. Watson, William H. Buford, J. R. Henry, Demas Robinson, J. H. Steward and John Barr. The membership on December 31, 1913, was one hundred and eleven. Resources, $6,540.17.
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Delphi Encampment No. 127, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, was organized on June 3, 1875. The charter members were: Joseph Potter, A. E. Pierce, Joseph Miller, J. E. Trip, Louis Pelham, E. W. Burrowers, Thomas Underwood, W. Bradshaw and C. L. Brough. The membership on December 31, 1913, was eighty-eight. Resources, $1,294.46.
Deer Creek Encampment No. 364, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, is located at Deer Creek, Indiana. The membership on December 31, 1913, was twenty-two. Resources, $59.11.
Flora Encampment No. 378, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, is located at Flora, Indiana.
Jackson Encampment No. 135, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, located at Camden, Indiana, was instituted on June 8, 1875. The charter members were: Z. A. Brown, Samuel Lenon, David Kuhn, A. N. Grant, Simeon Mills, S. F. Thompson and George McCormick. The membership on December 31, 1913, was twenty. Resources, $78.86.
Rockfield Encampment No. 263, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, is located at Rockfield, Indiana. The membership on December 31, 1913, was ninety-five. Resources, $568.62.
DAUGHTERS OF REBEKAH.
Adina Lodge No. 79, Daughters of Rebekah, is at Delphi. Camden Lodge No. 29 is at Camden. Deer Creek Lodge No. 625 is at Deer Creek. Flora Lodge No. 280 is at Flora. Rockfield Lodge No. 48 is at Rockfield. Victoria Lodge No. 154 is at Delphi.
KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS.
Delphi Lodge No. 80, Knights of Pythias, was instituted on April 8, 1878, but did not receive its charter until the 29th of June, 1879. The charter members were: John Lathrope, Charles A. Holt, Edward R. Burk, George M. Taylor, Charles Buckley, James H. Watts, Judson J. Shultz, Lewis Gros, L. L. Hodge, Edward M. Rinehart, George P. Harley, Will W. Hubbard, William Bradshaw, Daniel C. Mitchell, Charles E. Angel, Edward H. Gresham, John A. Hill, William Gros, John W. Ennis, C. E. McCain and George D. Gresham. The present membership is two hundred and ninety-four. Resources, as shown by last report, $20,793.23. The Knights of Pythias building is situated on the northeast corner of Main and Market streets. It was completed in 1911. The building and site cost
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$18,388.23. The present officers are: W. A. Roach, chancellor com- mander; Earl Thompson, keeper of records and seal.
IMPROVED ORDER OF RED MEN.
The Tippecanoe Haymaker's Association No. 505, Improved Order of Red Men, was organized in Delphi on May 17, 1911, with the following charter members: J. A. Delong, W. M. Smith, William Davis, E. W. Lowther, Madison Arnot, G. Sidenbender, F. Wingard, A. C. Brough, H. A. Smith, C. H. Gros, J. A. Jones, J. W. Black, Frank Wood, Ed. Court- ney, M. V. McDonald, A. L. Gurley, A. Grimm, J. F. Dotson, Virgil Anderson, F. S. Blythe, H. L. Sharp, E. A. McCain, F. O. Werkerly, S. A. Royster, E. J. Wilcoxson, Mahlon Rohrabaugh, J. Wilson, P. B. Hemmig and Floyd Heffner.
The first officers were: Chief haymaker, Madison Arnot; assistant chief haymaker, A. C. Brough; overseer. E. A. McCain; collector of straws, J. A. Delong; keeper of bundles, F. Wingard. The present mem- bership is seventy-four. The financial standing of the lodge is good.
MODERN WOODMEN OF AMERICA.
Delphi Camp No. 3550, Modern Woodmen of America, was organized in Delphi on March 18, 1896. The charter members were: J. L. Barnard, Harry Frank, H. C. Goechenour, J. W. Kyle, Charles Metsker, I. H. Orr, F. H. Robinson, John L. Sims, Frank Swatts, W. P. Thompson, Lee Tins- ley, T. Ball, L. G. Nieuwerth, W. S. McIntosh and E. H. Dame. The first officers were: Venerable consul, Charles Metser; worthy advisor, I. H. Orr; eminent banker, H. Goechenour; clerk, J. W. Kyle; escort, T. Ball; watchman, L. G. Nieuwerth; sentinel, W. S. McIntosh; managers, Frank Swatts, Lee Tinsley and Edward H. Dame. The present membership is sixty-eight.
BANKS OF CARROLL COUNTY. 1
There are thirteen banks and two postal savings banks in Carroll county. In Delphi there is one state bank, ont trust company, one national bank and one postal savings bank. The deposits in the banks of Delphi are the largest of any town of its population in the state of Indiana, and there are but eight other towns in the United States, of no larger population than Delphi, that have as large bank deposits; six of which towns are west of the Ohio state line.
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CITIZENS' NATIONAL BANK OF DELPHI.
The Citizens Bank was established in 1877. It is located on the corner of Main and Washington streets, on the east side of the public square, in their brick block. When organized, Henry Gros was the president, E. W. Hubbard was the vice-president. and W. W. Hubbard was the cashier. This bank succeeded the bank of Spears, Case & Company. The present Citizens National Bank was successor to the Citizens Bank and was organized on September 1, 1903. The officers of the bank are as follow : James Shirk, president; W. W. Shirk, vice-president : and C. B. Shaffer, cashier.
DELPHI STATE BANK.
The Delphi State Bank was organized on May 1, 1912. The officers are: J. A. Cartwright, president; T. A. Gay, vice-president; George O. Cartwright, cashier; and Nellie Haughey, assistant cashier. The bank is located on the corner of Main and Washington streets, of the city of Delphi, on the south of the public square.
A. T. BOWEN & COMPANY BANK.
The bank of A. T. Bowen & Company is the oldest bank in Carroll county. It was organized in 1837 by Nathaniel W. Bowen and Abner H. Bowen, and was continued by them until the death of N. W. Bowen, in 1848. The business was continued by Abner H. Bowen until changed to A. H. & A. T. Bowen, about 1879, and after the death of Abner H. Bowen, February 10, 1890, the firm name was changed to A. T. Bowen & Com- pany, and so continues. The present members of the firm are: Abner T. Bowen. Joseph Been. William J. Atkinson, Frank P. Atkinson, John T. Gec. Nellie L. Wilson and Laura Griffith. The officers of the bank are: Abner T. Bowen, president: Joseph Been, vice-president; James C. Smock, cashier ; Laura Griffith. assistant cashier.
CARROLL COUNTY LOAN AND TRUST COMPANY.
The Carroll County Loan and Trust Company, Delphi, Indiana, was organized on April 19, 1910, and is located on the north side of Main street, in a brick building, in the block on the southeast corner of the public square. The officers of the bank are: Harry E. Reed, president; Edwin
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Baum, vice-president; John F. McCormick, secretary-treasurer and cashier ; Anna Roach, assistant cashier; directors, Harry E. Reed, W. M. Goslee, Edwin Baum, Yantes Wells, Hezekiah Robison and John F. McCormick.
BRIGHT NATIONAL BANK OF FLORA.
The Bright National Bank of Flora, Indiana, was organized in 1889, as a private bank, under the name of the Bank of Flora, Indiana. The bank changed to a national bank on December 26, 1905, with the same officers. The present officers are: President, R. R. Bright; vice-president, John F. Wickard; cashier, Jesse V. Bright; first assistant cashier, Blanch Wickard; second assistant cashier, Fawn Eikenberry. Directors, R. R. Bright, John F. Wickard, Jesse V. Bright, A. W. Eikenberry, George Wagoner, James Thomson and Warren Knapp.
CARROLL COUNTY LOAN, TRUST AND SAVINGS COMPANY.
The Carroll County Loan, Trust and Savings Company was organized on June 1, 1910. Officers : Charles E. Smith, president; Charles R. Reist, first vice-president; U. D. Guth, second vice-president; M. W. Eaton, sec- retary-treasurer; and E. C. Metzker, assistant secretary-treasurer. Direc- tors, Henry Rinehart, N. E. Knettle, Will R. White, Charles E. Smith, Charles R. Reist, U. D. Guth and M. W. Eaton. This bank is located in the town of Flora, Carroll county, Indiana.
FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF FLORA.
The First National Bank of Flora, Indiana, was organized on June 23, 1905. Directors, E. G. Kitzmiller, F. P. Lyons, John F. Shoff, Jonas W. Brower and S. L. Goslee. The present officers are: E. G. Kitzmiller, president; Dr. F. P. Lyons, vice-president; Harry V. Catron, second vice- president; Ethel Goslee, cashier; Charles G. Sines, assistant cashier.
FARMERS' STATE BANK OF CAMDEN.
The Farmers State Bank of Camden, Indiana, was organized in 1907. The officers of the bank are: John U. Shanks, president; O. W. Wyatt, vice-president; J. M. Miller, cashier; John A. Shanks, assistant cashier. Directors, O. W. Wyatt, John U. Shanks, J. M. Miller, John W. Bowman and W. A. Doyel.
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THE CAMDEN BANK.
The Camden Bank, of Camden, Indiana, is a private bank, and was organized in 1870, and incorporated in 1895. The officers are: Phillip, Ray, president; E. C. Rice, cashier; and Mabel Mayne, assistant cashier.
BURLINGTON STATE BANK.
The Burlington State Bank, located at the town of Burlington, Carroll county, Indiana, was organized on August 4, 1914. The officers of the bank are: W. F. Hindman, president; H. L. Huddleston, cashier; Nellie Everman, assistant cashier. Directors, William F. Hindman, H. L. Hud- dleston, H. B. Summers, D. W. Rodkey, Elias C. Patty, W. V. Polk and H. M. Metsger.
FARMERS' STATE BANK OF BURROWS.
The Farmers State Bank of Burrows, Indiana, was organized on April 21, 1913. The officers of the bank are: E. D. Wagoner, president; M. J. McGreevey, vice-president; E. E. Shookman, cashier. Directors, E. D. Wagoner, Henry G. Brown, M. J. McGreevey, William O. Martin, W. N. Klepinger, W. J. Guckien, A. L. Lesh, David T. Shank and S. A. Wasson.
THE ROCKFIELD BANK.
The Rockfield Bank was organized on February 19, 1913, and com- menced business on July 30, 1915. The bank is located in a brick building in the town of Rockfield. The present officers are: C. L. Million, presi- dent; Fred Miller, vice-president; F. C. Sanderson, cashier. Directors, C. L. Million, W. F. Timmons, F. C. Sanderson, William Funkhouser, John W. Kerlin, Fred Miller and William May.
BANK OF YEOMAN.
The Bank of Yeoman was organized on October 28, 1905. The offi- cers are: A. L. Burkholder, president; John Wolverton, vice-president; R. Clark Davidson, cashier; W. J. Kennard, assistant cashier. Directors, A. L. Burkholder, John Wolverton, Wilber Creek, Mrs. Mary Kennard, Albert Atkinson and R. Clark Davidson.
The published statement of the above named banks, December 31, 1914,
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shows the amount of the capital stock. the deposits, the loans, the cash and the percentage of the reserves of each bank. The published statement is herewith submitted in tabular form :
Cap. Stock Deposits
Loans
Cash Reserves
Delphi State Bank
$50.000.00 $363,509.01 $315.165.61 $64,657.19 18
Citizens National Bank
100,000.00 376,197.76 410.695.12
43.863.38 12-
Carroll County
Loan and
Trust
Company
25,000.00
97.045.24 117,304.90
5.656.49
A. T. Bowen & Company Bank
10,000.00 1,059.490.86 1.062,859.16
36.405.75
3.4
Bank of Yeoman
10.000.00
72,093.92
74.697.43
4,431.98
6
Rockfield Bank
10.000.00
31,612.29
27.139.82
3.502,22
11
Farmers State Bank of Burrows.
25,000.00
28.810.96
51,572.42
5,177.46
18
Carroll County Loan, Trust and Savings Company
25,000.00
146.257.81
131.756.95
23,523.89
16
Bright National Bank of Flora
25,000.00
218.524.85
216,031.82
30,889.33
13.5
First National Bank of Flora
25,000.00
72,636.45
84.047.54
14,820.01
20
Camden Bank
10,000.00
141.091.21
127,053.64
18,202.34
13
Burlington State Bank
24,000.00
66,434.75
72,381.56
10,032.15
15
DETECTIVE ASSOCIATIONS.
In the early settlement of this county horse-stealing was a common occurrence. It was accompanied with ease and safety in flight. There being no ready means of communication, the country sparsely settled and the hiding places numerous, the business of horse-stealing was carried on with great success. Chicago was the market for stolen property. It was the ease and success with which horse-thieves plied their unlawful business that called for legislation to protect property owners, and to encourage the formation of companies, bound under strict provisions to turn out en masse, when notified, to arrest criminals on sight, with or without a warrant, that has almost stopped horse-stealing in this country. The attention of these companies may be called with propriety to the frequent stealing of automo- biles and the frequent burglarizing of houses.
The law of 1897 authorized the formation of detective associations, requiring the articles of association to be recorded in the office of the county recorder. to adopt a constitution and by-laws, and to designate of their number those to be appointed by the board of county commissioners as constables; who have all the authority of regular constables, and the power to go any where in this state and to apprehend and arrest criminals, with or without a warrant. Numerous companies have been formed in this county, and in many instances have been vigilant and successful in arresting violators of the criminal laws of the state, before the facts were known to the officers.
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Farmers State Bank of Camden
25.000.00
90,404.61
104.423.99
6,964.78
7.7
Per cent.
CHAPTER XI.
THE PIONEER'S CABIN-TRIBUTE TO THE PIONEERS -- THE GREAT NORTHWEST -LETTERS FROM PIONEERS-COUNTY FAIRS-LOCAL OPTION.
THE PIONEER'S CABIN.
Take a stroll back ninety years and go over to the hill on the south bank of Deer creek, where was erected, in the first week in January, 1825, the first log cabin in the territory now Carroll county. A dense wilderness stretched from the Grand Prairie on the west to the eastern boundary of the county. The Indian trails served as roads for the early land seekers. The government land office was at Crawfordsville.
The people came from Pennsylvania, Ohio and Kentucky. Ox teams pulled the big Virginia schooners through the forest. They were loaded with provisions to last a year or two. The wives of the poineers came with them and a more heroic company never lived. Those pioneer mothers, who left their fathers and mothers behind, to brave the storms and risk their lives incident to a country infested with wild savages who roamed all over this country at this time, were good examples of Ruth, who exclaimed, when her dearest friends were about to leave for a foreign land: "Entreat me not to leave thee, or to return from following after thee, for whither thou goest, I will go; and where thou lodgest, I will lodge; thy people shall be my people. and thy God my God." Like the mothers of Israel they bore the hardships of the journey. They shared with their husbands the toil and hunger of their new homes in the Wabash valley. Some of their children became the mothers of many of the present generation.
The log cabin on the hill was the home of Henry Robinson and his family. On the 31st of December. 1824, he landed with an ox team in the dead of winter and at once began to cut logs to build a cabin for his future home. Four men and three women composed the family. Round logs, notched down, a place for a chimney cut out, a door cut out, clapboards
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made, and the "castle" was built in a week. No hardware those days. Wooden pins used for nails, hewed puncheon floors, greased paper for window glass, and the latch string hung outside of the door. The cracks were daubed with mud mortar. The snow drifted through the cracks, the wind whistled them to bed, where they slept as honest and courageous men only can sleep.
Corn was pounded in a mortar. Corn bread and mush, wild meat and spicewood tea were spread on their rude table. They came to conquer the West, to drive the red man from his hunting grounds, and they accom- plished both. It was twenty miles to the nearest neighbors and forty miles to the nearest place for provisions. The money of the realm was silver. It was necessary those days to have something that would cure the bite for rattle-snakes, which were numerous. The remedy the pioneers used has been so adulterated that it now produces snakes. While whisky was plenti- ful, there was but little drunkenness. When a person got sick it was thought that he had too much blood, and they took from his arm a quart of his life's blood. When they had a bad case of toothache, a string was put around the aching tooth and it was jerked out. They raised flax, the women spun and wove it into cloth, and from wool they made their winter clothing.
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