USA > Indiana > Franklin County > History of Franklin County, Indiana : her people, industries and institutions > Part 2
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36
Northwest Territory Divided
44
Northwest Territory, Organization of 42
N Y Club
354
O
Oak Forest
137
Odd Fellows 343
Office Buildings, County
108
Oil Fever
536
Oldenburg-
Academy of Immaculate Concep-
tion 477
Assessor's Returns 268
Bank
328
Business Interests
169
Churches
472
Convent of Immaculate Concep-
tion 475
Incorporation 169
Insurance Company 170
Officers
169
Physicians
269
Postmasters
170
Ordinance of 1787 39, 47
Organization of Counties. 51
Organization of Franklin County. 77
Organization of Indiana Territory, 46
Organization of Northwest Ty.
42
Original Boundaries of County 78
Ornithology of Franklin County
497
P
Palestine 530
Paper Making 182, 206
Paper Town, A
532
People Who Have Become Famous, 555
Peoria
147, 389
Peoria Academy
389
Peppertown 172, 455, 530
Physical Culture Class 357
Physicians of the County 269
Physiography of County
64
Pioneers, Character of
159
Pioneer School House
371
Plats, Town and Village.
529
Poetical Advertising 551
Poor, Care of
329
Poor Farm Superintendents
334
Population of County by Decades
81
Population of County, Early
80
Population of Indiana
59
Population of Northwest Territory, 44
Posey Township-
Area
122
Assessor's Returns
267
Boundaries
122
Churches
455
First Events 125
Land Entries
124
1
1
Mills
125
122
Naming of
Officers
127
122
Organization
1
1
1
124
Physical Features
1
125
Schools
Settlement
124
1
1
Pound Keepers 243
Precious Metals
74
1
Presbyterian Churches
443
Present Court House
107
Present Physicians
273
Press, the 482
Prices, Comparative
542
Proposed Canal
258
Prosecuting Attorneys
244
Pugilistic Lawyers
83
Pythian Sisters
348
Q
Quebec Act
36
R
Railroads
257
Ray Township-
Assessor's Returns 267
Boundaries
164
Church
479
Draft of 1862
308
Location
163
Natural Features
164
1
1
1
1
-
HISTORICAL INDEX.
Ray Township-
Officers 168
Population
164
Settlement
165
Raymond
531
Rebekah, Daughters of
344
Recorders, County
239
Red Men, Improved Order of.
348
Related State History
33
Relief and Bounties
310
Reminiscences of Josiah
McCaff-
erty 254
Reminiscences of Mrs. Bracken 547
Revolutionary Period
36
Revolutionary Soldiers
279
River Transportation
247
Roads, Cost of
246
Rochester
531
Royal Arch Masons
341
S
Sabina
531
St. Bernard 166, 531
St. Clair's Defeat 34, 41
St. Peter's
153, 531
Salt Creek Township-
Assessor's Returns 267
Churches
433
Land Entries 172
Location
171
Natural Features
171
Organization
171
Pioneers
172
Salt in Franklin County 75, 129
Saturday Club 359
School House, Pioneer 371
School Statistics
411
Schools, History of the
370
Scipio
531
Scotus Gaul Picti 365
Second Court House 102
Secret Societies
338
Settlement at Vincennes
38
Settlement, Early ___ 113, 124, 128, 134
139, 143, 148, 165, 177, 187
Settler, First in County
63
Settlers, Early Territorial
39
Sheriffs
239
Shirk Family
558
Sidelights on Franklin County His-
tory
529
Slavery in Indiana
50, 535
Social Organizations
352
Society of Natural History
368
Soil
265
Soils, Description of 64
Soldiers' Monument
318
Somerset
179, 531
Somerset Township
192
South Gate
153, 531
Spanish-American
War,
Franklin
County in
319
Spanish-American War, Indiana in, 56
Springfield Academy
392
Springfield Township-
Assessor's Returns 267
Churches 440
Draft of 1862 309
Events of Interest 144
Location
142
Mills
145
Officers 147
Population
147
Settlement
143
Streams
143
State Benevolent Institutions 61
State House, the 54
State Geologist's Report 63
State History
33
State Internal Improvements 57
State Military History 55
State Political History
57
Statehood, First Year of
81
Statistics
63
Stips' Hill
172, 174
Stoops, David
114
Stories of Indians 544
Streams
112, 124, 128, 134, 139
143, 156, 160, 186
Surveyors, County
242
Surveys, First Territorial
39
T
Tax Duplicate of 1811
97
Taxpayers of 1811
97
Telephone Lines
212
Terraces
73
Territorial Congressional Delegates,
49
HISTORICAL INDEX.
Territorial Government 40
Territorial Governors
42
Territorial Legislature, First. 43, 48
Territorial Surveys, First 39
Timber 64
Tippecanoe, Battle of
34
Town Plats
529
529
Towns and Villages
245
Transportation
Treasurers, County
238
Twelve-mile Purchase
77
U
Union
115. 531
United Brethren Churches 455
Unique Private Museum 549
Universalist Church
459
V
Valuations, Assessed, 1895 268
Village Plats 529
Vincennes, Capture of 37
Vincennes, Oldest Settlement at
38
Vincennes, the State Capital.
54
W
War of 1812, Soldiers of
281
War Relief and Bounties 310
War with Mexico, Indiana in 55
173
Wayne, Gen. Anthony
430
West Fork M. E. Church
425
West Union 531
Whitcomb 115, 365, 425
33
White Water Canal
248
White Water Township-
Assessor's Returns 267
Boundaries 127
Churches 440, 447, 456
308
Draft of 1862
129
English Settlements
Land Entries
128
Milling Interests
133
Natural Features
128
Officers
130
Organization of
127, 130
Salt
129
Settlement
128
Willson, Elizabeth Conwell Smith_ 563
Women's Franchise League
358
Y
Yung
115
Ward
41
Wesley M. E. Chapel
White Men, First in Indiana
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX
A
Abbott, Clarence W. 1205
Abbott, John E. 774
Adams, John Ottis 584
Ailes, Aaron G. 1185
Allen, Eliphalet
824
Alley, Thomas W.
674
Amberger, Charles
1371
Anspach, William 1312
Applegate, Elizabeth 720
Applegate, John A 720
Appleton, Perry
1200
Appleton, Thomas
1309
Appleton, William W.
1326
Apsley, Henry 803
Ariens, Andrew 836
Ariens, Charles F. 975
Armstrong, Dr. Monroe C 976
Ashley, William E. 1022
Ashton, Samuel H. 1046
B
Baither, Gus C. 678
Baker, Frank J. 635
Baker, William M. 1008
Barber, Dayton D. 1323
Barber, George M. 1192
Barber, Lewis
1206
Barber, Simeon 1254
Barber, William H. 1330
Bates, John 1384
Beckman, John 646
Beckman, John H. 815
Beckman, William 1122
Bedel, Andrew 1209
Belter, Frank D. 1219
Beneker, Henry 1207
Berg, Elmer
1398
Berg, Philip 1095
Biddinger, Albert L. 1305
Biere, William H. 1433
Bishop, John H. 588
Bleill, Joseph 851
Bohlander, Charles C. 1030
Bonwell, William H. 978
Bossert, Abraham 1132
Bossert, Jacob
1125
Bossert, Jacob H. 896
Bossert, William 1106
Brack, Christian
1417
Brack, Conrad 1376
Brack, Lewis 1311
Bracken, William H. 569
Bradburn, Pleasant H. 672
Brady, George H. 1272
Brady, Orah 771
Brandes, Anthony 1240
Brauchla, Charles S. 1421
Brickner, John 1389
Bridgman, Isaac M. 573
Brockman, Henry 1243
Brown, Lewis J. 919
Brown, Theodore H. 652
Bruns, Frank W. 982
Bruns, Henry 972
Buckler, Thomas G. 991
Buckley, James
1336
Butler, Amos W. 1290
C
Cain, Robert J. 945
Carter, Dr. Calvin 597
Chance, Abram Nokes 957
Chance, James
962
Clark, Albert B. 942
Clever, Rev. Charles A. 1050
Coffey, Bert 1251
Cole, William A. 1257
Connelly, Thomas
1163
Cook, John H.
1120
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
Cooksey, Albert J. 660
Cory, Clement A. 1168
Cowen, John L. 992
Fey, Albert 1195
Flack, William F. 947
Fliehmann, John 1435
Flinn, Frank P. 1270
Flodder, Frank J. 1210
Fohl, John 923
Frank, Henry 868
Fries, Charles J. 711
Fries, Joseph A. 864
Fries, Nicholas 1097
Fries, William A. 700
Fritz, Jacob 572
Fritz, Mrs. Jacob 1012
Fruits, Jonathan
970
Fussner, John, Jr. 828
G
Gant, George W. 702
Gant, Hester E. 926
Gant, Rollin L., D. V. S 709
Garner, Clement W.
1318
Gehring. John B.
1367
Geiling, Peter 1017
Geis, Frank, Sr. 742
Geis, Frank J.
628
Geis, William J
1001
George, William
A.
1302
Gesell, Christian 848
Gesell, Henry L.
1065
Giesting, Joseph 1236
Giffen, Elmer 1274
Gigrich, Adam 1397
Gillespie, David W.
1418
Eldon, William
1454
Elwell, Josiah
763
Emsweller, Elmer 1473
Enneking, John E. 880
Ensminger, William E. 735
Erhart, Alphonse 1002
Etter, Peter 1362
Etter, Peter, Jr. 1237
Evans, Andrew J.
900
Evans, Charles 1179
F
Federmann, Louis
623
Ferkinghoff, Theodore
1175
Fernung, Henry 1304
Ferris, John 648
Craig, John A. 1088
Crawford, John 1091
Crist. Harry E.
697
Croddy, Joseph N.
1180
Cummins, John B. 1461
Cupp, Millard F., M. D. 960
Curry, James T. 831
Curry, Milton 723
1
D
Dare, James 592
Dare, William A. 792
Davis, Samuel A. 812
Day, Capt. William L. 618
DeArmond, Evan J.
749
Dennett, Francis
645
Dennett, George E.
633
Dennett, John
1328
Dickerson, Theophilus L.
1424
Dickson, George
1140
Dickson, William E.
1212
1349
Dierkhuessing, John J.
1463
Dirkhising, Ben A. 1059
Doerflein, John, Sr. 922
Dubois, Edwin 752
Dubois, Oscar S.
800
Dudley, Joseph A. 985
E
Eldon, Gilbert G. 921
Eldon, John 906
Gillman, Jacob
1216
Gire, John C. 1262
Glaser, Edward M., M. D. 1072
Glaser, John F.
1000
Gloshen, George
W.
690
Golden, George S. 1152
Golden, Harry U. 1264
Golden, John
1152
Goodwin, Charles F. 1024
Gordon, Judson C. 725
Gordon, William N. 600
Goyert, Albert 715
Green, Orville G.
852
Grimme, Henry W.
668
Dieckmann, William H.
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
Gurr, Herman 1194
Gurr, John R.
1042
H
Haas, Frederick
1116
Haas, Fredolin 1468
Haas, Herbert 1103
Hackman, August J.
1244
Haining, James
1054
Hamilton, Jethro M. 736
Hammond, William P.
677
Handle, Joseph
594
Hanna, Joseph A. 1178
Hanna, Robert L., D. V. S. 696
Hanna, Sarah Ann
1408
Hannebaum, Charles O.
1358
Hannebaum, John H.
1143
Hansel, Frank 777
Harbine, Daniel B. 794
Harder, Francis R. 650
Harley, James C.
1173
Harrell, Samuel S.
688
Hartman, John A.
829
Hartmann, George W.
1223
Harvey, Joseph J.
1314
Haselwander, Henry 1410
Hathaway, Furman W. 661
Hawkins, Charles W. 1177
Hawkins, David
1171
Head, Richard L.
1426
Heap, Edwin 608
Heard, Frank 930
Heard, Peter T. 951
Heeb, Elmer E. 853
Heeb, Henry E. 1
804
Heeb, Henry G.
858
Herbert, Joseph 1390
Himelick, Grant 832
Himelick, John W. 770
Hinds, Harvey E.
949
Hinds, Lewis
949
Hirsch, Mrs. Catherine
1051
Hirt, Jacob 1355
Hitchner, George H. 765
Hite, Joseph 1189
Hittel, Peter 1352
Hoffman, J. E. 1316
Hoffman, William W. 1061
Hofmann, John C. 867
Hokey, John 968
Holbert, George 1108
Hollowell, Clem 1462
Hollowell, Henderson
1069
Holtel, George 1342
Honecker, John C. 1425
Honecker, Joseph F. 631
Hopper, Isaac
1079
Hornung, Frank L.
1128
Howard, Gilbert T.
1457
Huber, Frank P.
1404
Huermann, John C. 1250
Hunsinger, George W. 1308
Hyde, G. Wallace
621
Hynes, Thomas
1035
I
Irrgang, Charles
W.
1442
J
Jackson, James E.
1374
Jackson, W. W.
1368
James, John J. 943
Jaques, Harvey S. 1474
Johnson, Charles W.
1010
Jonas, Louis A. 590
Jones, Charles F. 1419
Jones, Charles T. 758
Joncs, Harry C.
616
Jones, William
680
K
Kaler, William S. 1246
Kaser, Albert H. 1098
Keeler, Noah
685
Kellerman, Joseph
1363
Kellerman, Peter S. 1357
Kern, Mrs. Emma J.
1415
Kerr, Richard H.
1137
Kerrick, Nimrod 374, 569
Kessing, Bernard J. 1392
Kimble, John H. 933
Klemme, Herman J. 1263
Klingworth, Herman 1214
Knapp, William 1294
Knecht, Joseph F. 1437
Kocher, Frank 974
Koeppel, John
964
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX:
. .
Koerner, Henry 1320
Koerner, Howard G. 1320
Koester, Harry 1222
Kokenge, John 1113
Kraus, George W. 1379
Kremp, Michael
895
Kuehn, Francis 1
871
Kuehn, William
761
Masters, Jacob H.
Masters, Levi K. 826
Mathews, Charles 681
Mathews, John 1372
Meid, George 1256
Mergenthal, Charles A. 833
Mergenthal, William 901
Merrell, Alford 1298
Merrell, Paul 1447
Merrill, Francis E. 768
Lacy, Mrs. Sarah L. 941
Lampe, Martin 1217
Lanning, George R. 1449
Lee, Rollie 1275
Leising, Bernard, Jr. 1234
Lennard, Henry R. 614
Liming, William E. 1067
Lines, Fielding E.
882
Lockwood, Frank 1187
Lockwood, Jasper
740
Logan, Albert N.
694
Logan, Burt
1335
Logan, James E. 1325
Logan, Thomas 1466
Logan, William J. 1331
Loper, Allison
754
Lucas, Dr. John W. 599
Luck, John 936
Ludwig, Albert C. 1043
Luse, Edwin S. 1284
Mc
McCammon, Philander T 1134
McCarty, Thomas J. 637
McClure, George W. 1232
McClure, H. Frank 693
McConnell, Charles N. 1416
McKee, Clifford B. 915
McNutt, William H. 1391
McWhorter, Charles E. 908
McWhorter, Tyler 1047
Manley, Harry 605
Marcum, Charles M. 1226
Marlin, William W. 1196
Martin, John S. 877
Martindale, Ellsworth
609
Masters, Frank S. 658
1056
Kuhn, Michael
1029
Kunkel, Jacob 883
Kunkel, John 1117
692
Kuntz, Frank
I
L
Laage, Henry 855
Messerschmidt, John J. 1407
Metcalf, Henry C. 1253
Metzger, William 1448
Metzler, John G. 1049
Meyer, John A. 1370
Meyer, Lewis J. 1100
Middendorf, Bernard N. 1239
Miles, James F. 1261
Miles, Joseph C. 954
Minneman, David P. 1176
Mischel, Charles 1444
Moeller, John F. 1198
Moore, Clifford B. 1271
Moore, Theodore A. 989
Moormann, Frank B. 1347
Morgan, Atwell 1260
Morgan, Joseph 843
Morin, Albert C. 1145
Morin, John C. 596
Morton, Dr. John E. 738
Moster, Frank 683
Muir, William 904
Muller, Herman R. 1053
Mullin, George E. 1333
Munchel, Adam J. 1109
Myers, Arthur E.
779
Myers, Harry R. 791
N
Nesbitt, John
963
Neukam, John George
888
M
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
Nierstheimer, John C. 998
Nutty, John B. 1288
Nyce, Richard 1191
O
Oesterling, John G. 1230
'Hair, John 730
Osborn, William H. 1266
Osburn, William R 872
Otto, William
669
P
Patterson, Evan L., M. D. 1104
Pax, George 1279
Peine, Albert J. 655
Pengemann, John
1423
Petersen, William H.
1188
Pettigrew, Winfield S.
1087
Petty, Edward M.
893
Pfaff, Adam
839
Pflum, Adam
1114
Phelan, Matthew
1083
Pike, Hiram
744
Pippin, William W.
714
Pistner, John
1366
Poppe, William H.
798
Popper, I. A.
603
Portteus, Theodore 746
Prifogle, William H. 1004
Procter, Nathan
995
Pulskamp, George F.
840
Q
Quick, Edgar R.
958
R
Raver, Frank J. 1228
Redmond, James O. 870
Reiboldt, Charles H. 719
Reiboldt, John J. 612
Reiboldt, John P.
721
Reidenbach, John 1382
Reifel, August J. 656 Reifel, Charles G. 630
. Reister, John 884
Renyer, Anthony 786
Ricke, Benedict 1400
Riedman Brothers 707
Ripberger, John 1147
Ripperger, Anthony J. 1110
Ripperger, George A. 1126
Ripperger, Jacob
1182
Ritze, George F. 653
Roberts, George B. 686
Roberts, L. D. 860
Robeson, George B. 996
Robeson, Thomas H. 837
Rockafellar, Arthur H.
1438
Rodgers, Samuel M. 1164
Roemer, John 856
Ronan, Charles E. 1005
Rose, Isaac
813
Rose, Samuel B.
807
Rosenberger, Frank A. 932
Roser, Gustave A
1074
Ross, Andrew J.
1293
Rossfeld, John H.
1472
Rossfeld, Michael 1255
Roth, William 1142
Rudicil, Edward C. 1036
Russell, Clinton E. 1063
Russell, Francis M.
1377
Rusterholz, Charles
935
S
Sagel, George H. 1213
Salmon, Thomas 1346
Samuels, Gilbert N. 1184
Sanders, Wesley
1071
Sauter, Fred J. 1160
Sayers, Charles E.
810
Sayers, Harvey H.
783
Schaf, Joseph C.
1277
Schaf, Peter 624
Schebler, George M.
1360
Schenkel, John E. 981
Schenkel, William 1459
Schiesz, Louis
1038
Schmidt, Henry 1364
Schmidt, Leo 1353
Schneider, Ferdinand 886
Schneider, John J. 1470
Schone, Louis G. 1224
Schrader, Diedrich H. 1149
Schuck, Frank E.
983
Schuck, Jacob J.
862
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
Schuck, Joseph
130
Schuck, Theodore B. 865
Schultz, David
918
Suhre, Herman W.
846
Swift, Charles H.
1296
Swift, John F.
1076
Swift, Samuel
980
T
Taylor, James T.
1082
Taylor, Lewis
0
1085
Tebbe, Joseph
1354
Teeters, Henry
F.
1431
Tettenborn, Hugo
663
Thackrey, Thomas B. 821
Thompson, Morris M. 1301
Thorpe, Christian H.
717
Trichler, Herman
666
Sherwood, John
1021
Shirk, John C.
816
Showalter, Ernest
W.
641
Shriner, Atwell J.
575
Shumaker, Adam
1280
Siebert, Frank X
643
Simmermeyer, Valentine
1388
Simonson, William 1202
Sizelove, Dennis 808
Skinner, Charles E. 796
Smalley, Mary F.
1299
Smiester, John W.
1208
Smith, Harry B. 699
Smith, Jacob L. 1441
Smith, John I
1443
Smith, John N.
1267
Sottong, Christ
988
Spaeth, Peter J.
986
Spratt, James J.
939
Squier, Dr. George E
578
Steinard, Harry C. 1081
Steinard, Willard 1099
Steinard, William 1084
Stenger, Adam
844
Stenger, Edward
1411
Steward, Alonzo
1078
Stinger, Charles
640
Stirn, John W. 1378
Stirn, Henry 1380
Stone, Edward E. 1344
Stout, Ira
1282
Strohmier, Henry
1032
Studt, John P.
897
V
Van Camp, Freeman
1306
Van Camp, John G. 969
Van Camp, Joseph A. 967
Van Meter, John D.
1015
Vanness, Thomas W.
773
Vonderheide, Ben H.
1394
W
Waechter, Anthony W. 1220
Waggoner, John A. 1019
Wagner, Peter
1242
Wallpe, Quiren 1383
Walters, George F. 1131
Walther, Herman 664
Warner, Martin
956
Watkins, Harrison 704
Wear, James 1136
Weber, John 706
Weber, Rudolph 733
Wehr, David 1455
Wehr, Henry D. 1401
Weidenbach, Andrew
788
Weiler, Frank
1469
Schultz, Perry O.
766
Schultze, Elmer
A.
727
Schum, John
789
Schwegmann, Charles W.
587
Scott, Edward
1166
Seal, Sylvester M. 756
Seal, William H.
910
Seibel, Michael
1403
Selm, Pius C.
965
Senefeld, Michael P.
624
Shafer, George W.
1248
Shafer, Joseph
1268
Shera, Parry C.
750
Sherwood, James
912
U
Updike, Ira
1339
Updike, Mrs. Lizzie
1341
Urban, Jacob, Jr.
806
1
Studt, Philip
1406
Sturwold, Joseph H. 1436
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
Weiler, John 1428
Williams, Peter 1445
Welling, William 1464
Wilson, Charles V. 776
Wendel, William
1124
Wilson, George G. 1319
Wendel, William H. 1031
Wilson, Harry N. 1413
Werner, George A. 850
Werner, Jacob
1359
Wessel, Herman H.
1350
Wessel, John
1231
West, Dr. James F.
582
White, George E.
892
Whiteman, Peter F.
784
Wiggers, August H.
1033
Wright, Frank A.
1040
Wiley, Adonijah
1118
Wiley, Spencer
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HISTORICAL
CHAPTER I.
RELATED STATE HISTORY.
The first white men to set foot upon the Northwest Territory were French traders and missionaries under the leadership of La Salle. This was about the year 1670 and subsequent discoveries and explorations in this region by the French gave that nation practically undisputed possession of all the territory organized in 1787 as the Northwest Territory. It is true that the English colonies of Virginia, Connecticut and Massachusetts claimed that their charters extended their grants westward to the Mississippi river. However, France claimed this territory and successfully maintained posses- sion of it until the close of the French and Indian War in 1763. At that time the treaty of Paris transferred all of the French claims east of the Mississippi river to England, as well as all claims of France to territory on the mainland of North America. For the next twenty years the Northwest Territory was under the undisputed control of England, but became a part of the United States by the treaty which terminated the Revolutionary War in 1783. Thus the flags of three nations have floated over the territory now comprehended within the present state of Indiana-the tri-color of France, the union jack of England and the stars and stripes of the United States.
History will record the fact that there was another nation, however, which claimed possession of this territory and, while the Indians can hardly be called a nation, yet they made a gallant fight to retain their hunting grounds. The real owners of this territory struggled against heavy odds to maintain their supremacy and it was not until the battle of Tippecanoe, in the fall of 1811, that the Indians gave up the unequal struggle. Tecumseh, the Washington of his race, fought fiercely to save this territory for his people, but the white man finally overwhelmed him, and "Lo, the poor Indian" was pushed westward across the Mississippi. The history of the Northwest
(3)
34
FRANKLIN COUNTY, INDIANA.
Territory is full of the bitter fights which the Indians waged in trying to drive the white man out and the defeat which the Indians inflicted on general St. Clair on November 4, 1792, will go down in the annals of American history as the worst defeat which an American army ever suffered at the hands of the Indians. The greatest battle which has ever been fought in the United States against the Indians occurred in the state of Ohio. This was the battle of Fallen Timbers and occurred August 20, 1794, the scene of the battle being within the present county of Defiance. After the close of the Revolutionary War the Indians, urged on by the British, caused the settlers in the Northwest Territory continued trouble and defeated every de- tachment sent against them previous to their defeat by Gen. Anthony Wayne at the battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794. Although there was some trouble with the Indians after this time, they never offered serious resistance after this memorable defeat until the fall of 1811, when Gen. William Henry Har- rison completely routed them at the battle of Tippecanoe.
TERRITORY NORTHWEST OF THE OHIO ( 1670-1754).
Ohio was the first state created out of the old Northwest Territory, although Indiana had been previously organized as a territory. When the land comprehended within the Northwest Territory was discovered by the French under La Salle about 1670, it was a battle ground of various Indian tribes, although the Eries, who were located along the shores of Lake Erie, were the only ones with a more or less definite territory. From 1670 to 1763, the close of the French and Indian War, the French were in possession of this territory and established their claims in a positive manner by exten- sive exploration and scattered settlements. The chief centers of French settlement were at Detroit, Vincennes, Kaskaskia, Cahokia, Fort Crevecour and at several missionary stations around the shores of the great lakes. The French did not succeed in doing this without incurring the hostility of the Iroquois Indians, a bitter enmity which was brought about chiefly because the French helped the Shawnees, Wyandots and Miamis to drive the Iroquois out of the territory west of the Muskingum river in Ohio.
It must not be forgotten that the English also laid claim to the North- west Territory, basing their claim on the discoveries of the Cabots and the subsequent charters of Virginia, Massachusetts and Connecticut. These. charters extended the limits of these three colonies westward to the Pacific ocean, although, as a matter of fact, none of the three colonies made a settle- ment west of the Alleghanies until after the Revolutionary War. New York
35
FRANKLIN COUNTY, INDIANA.
sought to strengthen her claim to territory west of the Alleghanies in 1701, by getting from the Iroquois, the bitter enemies of the French, a grant to the territory from which the French and their Indian allies had previously ex- pelled them. Although this grant was renewed in 1726 and again confirmed in 1744, it gave New York only a nominal claim and one which was never recognized by the French in any way. 1386800
English traders from Pennsylvania and Virginia began in 1730 to pay more attention to the claims of their country west of the Alleghanies and north of the Ohio river. When their activities reached the ears of the French the governor of French Canada sent Céleron de Bienville up and down the Ohio and the rivers and streams running into it from the north and took formal possession of the territory by planting lead plates at the mouth of every river and stream of any importance. This peculiar method of the French in seeking to establish their claims occurred in the year 1749 and opened the eyes of England to the necessity of taking some immediate action. George II, the king of England at the time, at once granted a charter for the first Ohio Company (there were two others by the same name later organ- ized), composed of London merchants and enterprising Virginians, and the company at once proceeded to formulate plans to secure possession of the ter- ritory north of the Ohio and west of the Mississippi. Christopher Gist was sent down the Ohio river in 1750 to explore the country as far west as the mouth of the Scioto river, and made several treaties with the Indians. Things were now rapidly approaching a crisis and it was soon evident that there would be a struggle of arms between England and France for the disputed region. In 1754. the English started to build a fort at the confluence of the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers, on the site of the present city of Pitts- burgh, but before the fort was completed the French appeared on the scene, drove the English away and finished the fort which had been begun.
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