History of Franklin County, Indiana : her people, industries and institutions, Part 2

Author: Reifel, August J
Publication date: 1915
Publisher: Indianapolis, Ind. : B.F. Bowen
Number of Pages: 1648


USA > Indiana > Franklin County > History of Franklin County, Indiana : her people, industries and institutions > Part 2


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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36


Northwest Territory Divided


44


Northwest Territory, Organization of 42


N Y Club


354


O


Oak Forest


137


Odd Fellows 343


Office Buildings, County


108


Oil Fever


536


Oldenburg-


Academy of Immaculate Concep-


tion 477


Assessor's Returns 268


Bank


328


Business Interests


169


Churches


472


Convent of Immaculate Concep-


tion 475


Incorporation 169


Insurance Company 170


Officers


169


Physicians


269


Postmasters


170


Ordinance of 1787 39, 47


Organization of Counties. 51


Organization of Franklin County. 77


Organization of Indiana Territory, 46


Organization of Northwest Ty.


42


Original Boundaries of County 78


Ornithology of Franklin County


497


P


Palestine 530


Paper Making 182, 206


Paper Town, A


532


People Who Have Become Famous, 555


Peoria


147, 389


Peoria Academy


389


Peppertown 172, 455, 530


Physical Culture Class 357


Physicians of the County 269


Physiography of County


64


Pioneers, Character of


159


Pioneer School House


371


Plats, Town and Village.


529


Poetical Advertising 551


Poor, Care of


329


Poor Farm Superintendents


334


Population of County by Decades


81


Population of County, Early


80


Population of Indiana


59


Population of Northwest Territory, 44


Posey Township-


Area


122


Assessor's Returns


267


Boundaries


122


Churches


455


First Events 125


Land Entries


124


1


1


Mills


125


122


Naming of


Officers


127


122


Organization


1


1


1


124


Physical Features


1


125


Schools


Settlement


124


1


1


Pound Keepers 243


Precious Metals


74


1


Presbyterian Churches


443


Present Court House


107


Present Physicians


273


Press, the 482


Prices, Comparative


542


Proposed Canal


258


Prosecuting Attorneys


244


Pugilistic Lawyers


83


Pythian Sisters


348


Q


Quebec Act


36


R


Railroads


257


Ray Township-


Assessor's Returns 267


Boundaries


164


Church


479


Draft of 1862


308


Location


163


Natural Features


164


1


1


1


1


-


HISTORICAL INDEX.


Ray Township-


Officers 168


Population


164


Settlement


165


Raymond


531


Rebekah, Daughters of


344


Recorders, County


239


Red Men, Improved Order of.


348


Related State History


33


Relief and Bounties


310


Reminiscences of Josiah


McCaff-


erty 254


Reminiscences of Mrs. Bracken 547


Revolutionary Period


36


Revolutionary Soldiers


279


River Transportation


247


Roads, Cost of


246


Rochester


531


Royal Arch Masons


341


S


Sabina


531


St. Bernard 166, 531


St. Clair's Defeat 34, 41


St. Peter's


153, 531


Salt Creek Township-


Assessor's Returns 267


Churches


433


Land Entries 172


Location


171


Natural Features


171


Organization


171


Pioneers


172


Salt in Franklin County 75, 129


Saturday Club 359


School House, Pioneer 371


School Statistics


411


Schools, History of the


370


Scipio


531


Scotus Gaul Picti 365


Second Court House 102


Secret Societies


338


Settlement at Vincennes


38


Settlement, Early ___ 113, 124, 128, 134


139, 143, 148, 165, 177, 187


Settler, First in County


63


Settlers, Early Territorial


39


Sheriffs


239


Shirk Family


558


Sidelights on Franklin County His-


tory


529


Slavery in Indiana


50, 535


Social Organizations


352


Society of Natural History


368


Soil


265


Soils, Description of 64


Soldiers' Monument


318


Somerset


179, 531


Somerset Township


192


South Gate


153, 531


Spanish-American


War,


Franklin


County in


319


Spanish-American War, Indiana in, 56


Springfield Academy


392


Springfield Township-


Assessor's Returns 267


Churches 440


Draft of 1862 309


Events of Interest 144


Location


142


Mills


145


Officers 147


Population


147


Settlement


143


Streams


143


State Benevolent Institutions 61


State House, the 54


State Geologist's Report 63


State History


33


State Internal Improvements 57


State Military History 55


State Political History


57


Statehood, First Year of


81


Statistics


63


Stips' Hill


172, 174


Stoops, David


114


Stories of Indians 544


Streams


112, 124, 128, 134, 139


143, 156, 160, 186


Surveyors, County


242


Surveys, First Territorial


39


T


Tax Duplicate of 1811


97


Taxpayers of 1811


97


Telephone Lines


212


Terraces


73


Territorial Congressional Delegates,


49


HISTORICAL INDEX.


Territorial Government 40


Territorial Governors


42


Territorial Legislature, First. 43, 48


Territorial Surveys, First 39


Timber 64


Tippecanoe, Battle of


34


Town Plats


529


529


Towns and Villages


245


Transportation


Treasurers, County


238


Twelve-mile Purchase


77


U


Union


115. 531


United Brethren Churches 455


Unique Private Museum 549


Universalist Church


459


V


Valuations, Assessed, 1895 268


Village Plats 529


Vincennes, Capture of 37


Vincennes, Oldest Settlement at


38


Vincennes, the State Capital.


54


W


War of 1812, Soldiers of


281


War Relief and Bounties 310


War with Mexico, Indiana in 55


173


Wayne, Gen. Anthony


430


West Fork M. E. Church


425


West Union 531


Whitcomb 115, 365, 425


33


White Water Canal


248


White Water Township-


Assessor's Returns 267


Boundaries 127


Churches 440, 447, 456


308


Draft of 1862


129


English Settlements


Land Entries


128


Milling Interests


133


Natural Features


128


Officers


130


Organization of


127, 130


Salt


129


Settlement


128


Willson, Elizabeth Conwell Smith_ 563


Women's Franchise League


358


Y


Yung


115


Ward


41


Wesley M. E. Chapel


White Men, First in Indiana


BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX


A


Abbott, Clarence W. 1205


Abbott, John E. 774


Adams, John Ottis 584


Ailes, Aaron G. 1185


Allen, Eliphalet


824


Alley, Thomas W.


674


Amberger, Charles


1371


Anspach, William 1312


Applegate, Elizabeth 720


Applegate, John A 720


Appleton, Perry


1200


Appleton, Thomas


1309


Appleton, William W.


1326


Apsley, Henry 803


Ariens, Andrew 836


Ariens, Charles F. 975


Armstrong, Dr. Monroe C 976


Ashley, William E. 1022


Ashton, Samuel H. 1046


B


Baither, Gus C. 678


Baker, Frank J. 635


Baker, William M. 1008


Barber, Dayton D. 1323


Barber, George M. 1192


Barber, Lewis


1206


Barber, Simeon 1254


Barber, William H. 1330


Bates, John 1384


Beckman, John 646


Beckman, John H. 815


Beckman, William 1122


Bedel, Andrew 1209


Belter, Frank D. 1219


Beneker, Henry 1207


Berg, Elmer


1398


Berg, Philip 1095


Biddinger, Albert L. 1305


Biere, William H. 1433


Bishop, John H. 588


Bleill, Joseph 851


Bohlander, Charles C. 1030


Bonwell, William H. 978


Bossert, Abraham 1132


Bossert, Jacob


1125


Bossert, Jacob H. 896


Bossert, William 1106


Brack, Christian


1417


Brack, Conrad 1376


Brack, Lewis 1311


Bracken, William H. 569


Bradburn, Pleasant H. 672


Brady, George H. 1272


Brady, Orah 771


Brandes, Anthony 1240


Brauchla, Charles S. 1421


Brickner, John 1389


Bridgman, Isaac M. 573


Brockman, Henry 1243


Brown, Lewis J. 919


Brown, Theodore H. 652


Bruns, Frank W. 982


Bruns, Henry 972


Buckler, Thomas G. 991


Buckley, James


1336


Butler, Amos W. 1290


C


Cain, Robert J. 945


Carter, Dr. Calvin 597


Chance, Abram Nokes 957


Chance, James


962


Clark, Albert B. 942


Clever, Rev. Charles A. 1050


Coffey, Bert 1251


Cole, William A. 1257


Connelly, Thomas


1163


Cook, John H.


1120


BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.


Cooksey, Albert J. 660


Cory, Clement A. 1168


Cowen, John L. 992


Fey, Albert 1195


Flack, William F. 947


Fliehmann, John 1435


Flinn, Frank P. 1270


Flodder, Frank J. 1210


Fohl, John 923


Frank, Henry 868


Fries, Charles J. 711


Fries, Joseph A. 864


Fries, Nicholas 1097


Fries, William A. 700


Fritz, Jacob 572


Fritz, Mrs. Jacob 1012


Fruits, Jonathan


970


Fussner, John, Jr. 828


G


Gant, George W. 702


Gant, Hester E. 926


Gant, Rollin L., D. V. S 709


Garner, Clement W.


1318


Gehring. John B.


1367


Geiling, Peter 1017


Geis, Frank, Sr. 742


Geis, Frank J.


628


Geis, William J


1001


George, William


A.


1302


Gesell, Christian 848


Gesell, Henry L.


1065


Giesting, Joseph 1236


Giffen, Elmer 1274


Gigrich, Adam 1397


Gillespie, David W.


1418


Eldon, William


1454


Elwell, Josiah


763


Emsweller, Elmer 1473


Enneking, John E. 880


Ensminger, William E. 735


Erhart, Alphonse 1002


Etter, Peter 1362


Etter, Peter, Jr. 1237


Evans, Andrew J.


900


Evans, Charles 1179


F


Federmann, Louis


623


Ferkinghoff, Theodore


1175


Fernung, Henry 1304


Ferris, John 648


Craig, John A. 1088


Crawford, John 1091


Crist. Harry E.


697


Croddy, Joseph N.


1180


Cummins, John B. 1461


Cupp, Millard F., M. D. 960


Curry, James T. 831


Curry, Milton 723


1


D


Dare, James 592


Dare, William A. 792


Davis, Samuel A. 812


Day, Capt. William L. 618


DeArmond, Evan J.


749


Dennett, Francis


645


Dennett, George E.


633


Dennett, John


1328


Dickerson, Theophilus L.


1424


Dickson, George


1140


Dickson, William E.


1212


1349


Dierkhuessing, John J.


1463


Dirkhising, Ben A. 1059


Doerflein, John, Sr. 922


Dubois, Edwin 752


Dubois, Oscar S.


800


Dudley, Joseph A. 985


E


Eldon, Gilbert G. 921


Eldon, John 906


Gillman, Jacob


1216


Gire, John C. 1262


Glaser, Edward M., M. D. 1072


Glaser, John F.


1000


Gloshen, George


W.


690


Golden, George S. 1152


Golden, Harry U. 1264


Golden, John


1152


Goodwin, Charles F. 1024


Gordon, Judson C. 725


Gordon, William N. 600


Goyert, Albert 715


Green, Orville G.


852


Grimme, Henry W.


668


Dieckmann, William H.


BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.


Gurr, Herman 1194


Gurr, John R.


1042


H


Haas, Frederick


1116


Haas, Fredolin 1468


Haas, Herbert 1103


Hackman, August J.


1244


Haining, James


1054


Hamilton, Jethro M. 736


Hammond, William P.


677


Handle, Joseph


594


Hanna, Joseph A. 1178


Hanna, Robert L., D. V. S. 696


Hanna, Sarah Ann


1408


Hannebaum, Charles O.


1358


Hannebaum, John H.


1143


Hansel, Frank 777


Harbine, Daniel B. 794


Harder, Francis R. 650


Harley, James C.


1173


Harrell, Samuel S.


688


Hartman, John A.


829


Hartmann, George W.


1223


Harvey, Joseph J.


1314


Haselwander, Henry 1410


Hathaway, Furman W. 661


Hawkins, Charles W. 1177


Hawkins, David


1171


Head, Richard L.


1426


Heap, Edwin 608


Heard, Frank 930


Heard, Peter T. 951


Heeb, Elmer E. 853


Heeb, Henry E. 1


804


Heeb, Henry G.


858


Herbert, Joseph 1390


Himelick, Grant 832


Himelick, John W. 770


Hinds, Harvey E.


949


Hinds, Lewis


949


Hirsch, Mrs. Catherine


1051


Hirt, Jacob 1355


Hitchner, George H. 765


Hite, Joseph 1189


Hittel, Peter 1352


Hoffman, J. E. 1316


Hoffman, William W. 1061


Hofmann, John C. 867


Hokey, John 968


Holbert, George 1108


Hollowell, Clem 1462


Hollowell, Henderson


1069


Holtel, George 1342


Honecker, John C. 1425


Honecker, Joseph F. 631


Hopper, Isaac


1079


Hornung, Frank L.


1128


Howard, Gilbert T.


1457


Huber, Frank P.


1404


Huermann, John C. 1250


Hunsinger, George W. 1308


Hyde, G. Wallace


621


Hynes, Thomas


1035


I


Irrgang, Charles


W.


1442


J


Jackson, James E.


1374


Jackson, W. W.


1368


James, John J. 943


Jaques, Harvey S. 1474


Johnson, Charles W.


1010


Jonas, Louis A. 590


Jones, Charles F. 1419


Jones, Charles T. 758


Joncs, Harry C.


616


Jones, William


680


K


Kaler, William S. 1246


Kaser, Albert H. 1098


Keeler, Noah


685


Kellerman, Joseph


1363


Kellerman, Peter S. 1357


Kern, Mrs. Emma J.


1415


Kerr, Richard H.


1137


Kerrick, Nimrod 374, 569


Kessing, Bernard J. 1392


Kimble, John H. 933


Klemme, Herman J. 1263


Klingworth, Herman 1214


Knapp, William 1294


Knecht, Joseph F. 1437


Kocher, Frank 974


Koeppel, John


964


BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX:


. .


Koerner, Henry 1320


Koerner, Howard G. 1320


Koester, Harry 1222


Kokenge, John 1113


Kraus, George W. 1379


Kremp, Michael


895


Kuehn, Francis 1


871


Kuehn, William


761


Masters, Jacob H.


Masters, Levi K. 826


Mathews, Charles 681


Mathews, John 1372


Meid, George 1256


Mergenthal, Charles A. 833


Mergenthal, William 901


Merrell, Alford 1298


Merrell, Paul 1447


Merrill, Francis E. 768


Lacy, Mrs. Sarah L. 941


Lampe, Martin 1217


Lanning, George R. 1449


Lee, Rollie 1275


Leising, Bernard, Jr. 1234


Lennard, Henry R. 614


Liming, William E. 1067


Lines, Fielding E.


882


Lockwood, Frank 1187


Lockwood, Jasper


740


Logan, Albert N.


694


Logan, Burt


1335


Logan, James E. 1325


Logan, Thomas 1466


Logan, William J. 1331


Loper, Allison


754


Lucas, Dr. John W. 599


Luck, John 936


Ludwig, Albert C. 1043


Luse, Edwin S. 1284


Mc


McCammon, Philander T 1134


McCarty, Thomas J. 637


McClure, George W. 1232


McClure, H. Frank 693


McConnell, Charles N. 1416


McKee, Clifford B. 915


McNutt, William H. 1391


McWhorter, Charles E. 908


McWhorter, Tyler 1047


Manley, Harry 605


Marcum, Charles M. 1226


Marlin, William W. 1196


Martin, John S. 877


Martindale, Ellsworth


609


Masters, Frank S. 658


1056


Kuhn, Michael


1029


Kunkel, Jacob 883


Kunkel, John 1117


692


Kuntz, Frank


I


L


Laage, Henry 855


Messerschmidt, John J. 1407


Metcalf, Henry C. 1253


Metzger, William 1448


Metzler, John G. 1049


Meyer, John A. 1370


Meyer, Lewis J. 1100


Middendorf, Bernard N. 1239


Miles, James F. 1261


Miles, Joseph C. 954


Minneman, David P. 1176


Mischel, Charles 1444


Moeller, John F. 1198


Moore, Clifford B. 1271


Moore, Theodore A. 989


Moormann, Frank B. 1347


Morgan, Atwell 1260


Morgan, Joseph 843


Morin, Albert C. 1145


Morin, John C. 596


Morton, Dr. John E. 738


Moster, Frank 683


Muir, William 904


Muller, Herman R. 1053


Mullin, George E. 1333


Munchel, Adam J. 1109


Myers, Arthur E.


779


Myers, Harry R. 791


N


Nesbitt, John


963


Neukam, John George


888


M


BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.


Nierstheimer, John C. 998


Nutty, John B. 1288


Nyce, Richard 1191


O


Oesterling, John G. 1230


'Hair, John 730


Osborn, William H. 1266


Osburn, William R 872


Otto, William


669


P


Patterson, Evan L., M. D. 1104


Pax, George 1279


Peine, Albert J. 655


Pengemann, John


1423


Petersen, William H.


1188


Pettigrew, Winfield S.


1087


Petty, Edward M.


893


Pfaff, Adam


839


Pflum, Adam


1114


Phelan, Matthew


1083


Pike, Hiram


744


Pippin, William W.


714


Pistner, John


1366


Poppe, William H.


798


Popper, I. A.


603


Portteus, Theodore 746


Prifogle, William H. 1004


Procter, Nathan


995


Pulskamp, George F.


840


Q


Quick, Edgar R.


958


R


Raver, Frank J. 1228


Redmond, James O. 870


Reiboldt, Charles H. 719


Reiboldt, John J. 612


Reiboldt, John P.


721


Reidenbach, John 1382


Reifel, August J. 656 Reifel, Charles G. 630


. Reister, John 884


Renyer, Anthony 786


Ricke, Benedict 1400


Riedman Brothers 707


Ripberger, John 1147


Ripperger, Anthony J. 1110


Ripperger, George A. 1126


Ripperger, Jacob


1182


Ritze, George F. 653


Roberts, George B. 686


Roberts, L. D. 860


Robeson, George B. 996


Robeson, Thomas H. 837


Rockafellar, Arthur H.


1438


Rodgers, Samuel M. 1164


Roemer, John 856


Ronan, Charles E. 1005


Rose, Isaac


813


Rose, Samuel B.


807


Rosenberger, Frank A. 932


Roser, Gustave A


1074


Ross, Andrew J.


1293


Rossfeld, John H.


1472


Rossfeld, Michael 1255


Roth, William 1142


Rudicil, Edward C. 1036


Russell, Clinton E. 1063


Russell, Francis M.


1377


Rusterholz, Charles


935


S


Sagel, George H. 1213


Salmon, Thomas 1346


Samuels, Gilbert N. 1184


Sanders, Wesley


1071


Sauter, Fred J. 1160


Sayers, Charles E.


810


Sayers, Harvey H.


783


Schaf, Joseph C.


1277


Schaf, Peter 624


Schebler, George M.


1360


Schenkel, John E. 981


Schenkel, William 1459


Schiesz, Louis


1038


Schmidt, Henry 1364


Schmidt, Leo 1353


Schneider, Ferdinand 886


Schneider, John J. 1470


Schone, Louis G. 1224


Schrader, Diedrich H. 1149


Schuck, Frank E.


983


Schuck, Jacob J.


862


BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.


Schuck, Joseph


130


Schuck, Theodore B. 865


Schultz, David


918


Suhre, Herman W.


846


Swift, Charles H.


1296


Swift, John F.


1076


Swift, Samuel


980


T


Taylor, James T.


1082


Taylor, Lewis


0


1085


Tebbe, Joseph


1354


Teeters, Henry


F.


1431


Tettenborn, Hugo


663


Thackrey, Thomas B. 821


Thompson, Morris M. 1301


Thorpe, Christian H.


717


Trichler, Herman


666


Sherwood, John


1021


Shirk, John C.


816


Showalter, Ernest


W.


641


Shriner, Atwell J.


575


Shumaker, Adam


1280


Siebert, Frank X


643


Simmermeyer, Valentine


1388


Simonson, William 1202


Sizelove, Dennis 808


Skinner, Charles E. 796


Smalley, Mary F.


1299


Smiester, John W.


1208


Smith, Harry B. 699


Smith, Jacob L. 1441


Smith, John I


1443


Smith, John N.


1267


Sottong, Christ


988


Spaeth, Peter J.


986


Spratt, James J.


939


Squier, Dr. George E


578


Steinard, Harry C. 1081


Steinard, Willard 1099


Steinard, William 1084


Stenger, Adam


844


Stenger, Edward


1411


Steward, Alonzo


1078


Stinger, Charles


640


Stirn, John W. 1378


Stirn, Henry 1380


Stone, Edward E. 1344


Stout, Ira


1282


Strohmier, Henry


1032


Studt, John P.


897


V


Van Camp, Freeman


1306


Van Camp, John G. 969


Van Camp, Joseph A. 967


Van Meter, John D.


1015


Vanness, Thomas W.


773


Vonderheide, Ben H.


1394


W


Waechter, Anthony W. 1220


Waggoner, John A. 1019


Wagner, Peter


1242


Wallpe, Quiren 1383


Walters, George F. 1131


Walther, Herman 664


Warner, Martin


956


Watkins, Harrison 704


Wear, James 1136


Weber, John 706


Weber, Rudolph 733


Wehr, David 1455


Wehr, Henry D. 1401


Weidenbach, Andrew


788


Weiler, Frank


1469


Schultz, Perry O.


766


Schultze, Elmer


A.


727


Schum, John


789


Schwegmann, Charles W.


587


Scott, Edward


1166


Seal, Sylvester M. 756


Seal, William H.


910


Seibel, Michael


1403


Selm, Pius C.


965


Senefeld, Michael P.


624


Shafer, George W.


1248


Shafer, Joseph


1268


Shera, Parry C.


750


Sherwood, James


912


U


Updike, Ira


1339


Updike, Mrs. Lizzie


1341


Urban, Jacob, Jr.


806


1


Studt, Philip


1406


Sturwold, Joseph H. 1436


BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.


Weiler, John 1428


Williams, Peter 1445


Welling, William 1464


Wilson, Charles V. 776


Wendel, William


1124


Wilson, George G. 1319


Wendel, William H. 1031


Wilson, Harry N. 1413


Werner, George A. 850


Werner, Jacob


1359


Wessel, Herman H.


1350


Wessel, John


1231


West, Dr. James F.


582


White, George E.


892


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HISTORICAL


CHAPTER I.


RELATED STATE HISTORY.


The first white men to set foot upon the Northwest Territory were French traders and missionaries under the leadership of La Salle. This was about the year 1670 and subsequent discoveries and explorations in this region by the French gave that nation practically undisputed possession of all the territory organized in 1787 as the Northwest Territory. It is true that the English colonies of Virginia, Connecticut and Massachusetts claimed that their charters extended their grants westward to the Mississippi river. However, France claimed this territory and successfully maintained posses- sion of it until the close of the French and Indian War in 1763. At that time the treaty of Paris transferred all of the French claims east of the Mississippi river to England, as well as all claims of France to territory on the mainland of North America. For the next twenty years the Northwest Territory was under the undisputed control of England, but became a part of the United States by the treaty which terminated the Revolutionary War in 1783. Thus the flags of three nations have floated over the territory now comprehended within the present state of Indiana-the tri-color of France, the union jack of England and the stars and stripes of the United States.


History will record the fact that there was another nation, however, which claimed possession of this territory and, while the Indians can hardly be called a nation, yet they made a gallant fight to retain their hunting grounds. The real owners of this territory struggled against heavy odds to maintain their supremacy and it was not until the battle of Tippecanoe, in the fall of 1811, that the Indians gave up the unequal struggle. Tecumseh, the Washington of his race, fought fiercely to save this territory for his people, but the white man finally overwhelmed him, and "Lo, the poor Indian" was pushed westward across the Mississippi. The history of the Northwest


(3)


34


FRANKLIN COUNTY, INDIANA.


Territory is full of the bitter fights which the Indians waged in trying to drive the white man out and the defeat which the Indians inflicted on general St. Clair on November 4, 1792, will go down in the annals of American history as the worst defeat which an American army ever suffered at the hands of the Indians. The greatest battle which has ever been fought in the United States against the Indians occurred in the state of Ohio. This was the battle of Fallen Timbers and occurred August 20, 1794, the scene of the battle being within the present county of Defiance. After the close of the Revolutionary War the Indians, urged on by the British, caused the settlers in the Northwest Territory continued trouble and defeated every de- tachment sent against them previous to their defeat by Gen. Anthony Wayne at the battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794. Although there was some trouble with the Indians after this time, they never offered serious resistance after this memorable defeat until the fall of 1811, when Gen. William Henry Har- rison completely routed them at the battle of Tippecanoe.


TERRITORY NORTHWEST OF THE OHIO ( 1670-1754).


Ohio was the first state created out of the old Northwest Territory, although Indiana had been previously organized as a territory. When the land comprehended within the Northwest Territory was discovered by the French under La Salle about 1670, it was a battle ground of various Indian tribes, although the Eries, who were located along the shores of Lake Erie, were the only ones with a more or less definite territory. From 1670 to 1763, the close of the French and Indian War, the French were in possession of this territory and established their claims in a positive manner by exten- sive exploration and scattered settlements. The chief centers of French settlement were at Detroit, Vincennes, Kaskaskia, Cahokia, Fort Crevecour and at several missionary stations around the shores of the great lakes. The French did not succeed in doing this without incurring the hostility of the Iroquois Indians, a bitter enmity which was brought about chiefly because the French helped the Shawnees, Wyandots and Miamis to drive the Iroquois out of the territory west of the Muskingum river in Ohio.


It must not be forgotten that the English also laid claim to the North- west Territory, basing their claim on the discoveries of the Cabots and the subsequent charters of Virginia, Massachusetts and Connecticut. These. charters extended the limits of these three colonies westward to the Pacific ocean, although, as a matter of fact, none of the three colonies made a settle- ment west of the Alleghanies until after the Revolutionary War. New York


35


FRANKLIN COUNTY, INDIANA.


sought to strengthen her claim to territory west of the Alleghanies in 1701, by getting from the Iroquois, the bitter enemies of the French, a grant to the territory from which the French and their Indian allies had previously ex- pelled them. Although this grant was renewed in 1726 and again confirmed in 1744, it gave New York only a nominal claim and one which was never recognized by the French in any way. 1386800


English traders from Pennsylvania and Virginia began in 1730 to pay more attention to the claims of their country west of the Alleghanies and north of the Ohio river. When their activities reached the ears of the French the governor of French Canada sent Céleron de Bienville up and down the Ohio and the rivers and streams running into it from the north and took formal possession of the territory by planting lead plates at the mouth of every river and stream of any importance. This peculiar method of the French in seeking to establish their claims occurred in the year 1749 and opened the eyes of England to the necessity of taking some immediate action. George II, the king of England at the time, at once granted a charter for the first Ohio Company (there were two others by the same name later organ- ized), composed of London merchants and enterprising Virginians, and the company at once proceeded to formulate plans to secure possession of the ter- ritory north of the Ohio and west of the Mississippi. Christopher Gist was sent down the Ohio river in 1750 to explore the country as far west as the mouth of the Scioto river, and made several treaties with the Indians. Things were now rapidly approaching a crisis and it was soon evident that there would be a struggle of arms between England and France for the disputed region. In 1754. the English started to build a fort at the confluence of the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers, on the site of the present city of Pitts- burgh, but before the fort was completed the French appeared on the scene, drove the English away and finished the fort which had been begun.




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