USA > Indiana > Knox County > History of Knox and Daviess Counties, Indiana : from the earliest time to the present; with biographical sketches, reminiscences, notes, etc. ; together with an extended history of the colonial days of Vincennes, and its progress down to the formation of the state government > Part 14
USA > Indiana > Daviess County > History of Knox and Daviess Counties, Indiana : from the earliest time to the present; with biographical sketches, reminiscences, notes, etc. ; together with an extended history of the colonial days of Vincennes, and its progress down to the formation of the state government > Part 14
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In a few months work began again in earnest on a new court house. Lots 310, 311, 328 and 329 were selected and purchased by Martin Robinson, A. G. Roberts and James Thorne, commis- sioners. The contract was let to John Moore for $3,971.46, to which $100 was afterward added for a cupola. It was stated that the "front end" should be toward the Wabash. The contract for this was let in 1831, and the work completed in due time. In 1868 a new court house began to be talked of. Plans and speci- fications were furnished by Edwin May, architect, of Indianapo- lis, for which he received $2,000. The estimated cost was $80,- 000. Bids were called for; they varied from $87,998 to $167,000. The contract was let in 1872, the building to be of brick. Dissatisfaction arose as to the style of building, and a new contract was entered into, Edwin May still being the archi- tect. The commissioners at the time were Thomas Dayson, Asa Thorn and John M. Berry. The building is of light-colored limestone, and is a magnificent building in architectural beauty and style. In a niche in front stands a life-size statue of George Rogers Clark to the left, and to the right stands a full-size United States soldier. In another face of the building is the Goddess of Liberty. On a tablet to the left is inscribed the date, 1702, and to the right 1872. Notwithstanding the contract price, the building from changes, etc., has cost to the present over $500,000.
PRISONS.
Prisons seem to be a necessary accompaniment of courts. Under the common law persons could be imprisoned for debt. The following prison bounds were ordered in 1801 by the justices of the quarter sessions: "Beginning at low-water mark on the Wabash, on the street between Antoine Marchall and Margaret Gamelin's; thence down said street to the lower corner of James
152
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Purcell's; thence up to St. Louis Street; thence up said street, in- cluding the same, to the corner of John Ochiltree's house, next to Thomas Coulter's; thence up the street between Coulter's and Ochiltree's to James Creley's lott; from thence to the corner of lott, opposite the Widow Brouillette's; thence down that street, leading by H. Vanderburg's, to the place of beginning, including the streets." An order was passed by the board in 1808, that no objection being made by the creditor, and the debtor making oath that he possessed neither personal nor real prop- erty, he should be released. Numbers availed themselves of the order of the court. Criminal prisoners were at first confined in the casement of Fort Sackville, and later in a temporary jail.
This jail was completed in 1803, and stood at the corner of Third and Buntin Streets. This was a very indifferent jail, as it was declared unsafe for prisoners in 1807, the sheriff (Sullivan) entering his protest at that time against it. Robert Slaughter was one of the first prisoners in the jail. He was incarcerated for the mur- der of Joseph Harbin. He was executed in 1805, by Daniel O. Sul- livan, for which and his coffin, gallows and burial the county paid $17. In a short time a new jail was erected, on one of the lots adjoining the court house. On building the new court house a new jail was soon after built. This was burned down on De- cember 23, 1860, the estimated loss being $2,000. The present jail was erected a short time after, at a cost of $13,074. George C. Smith did the stone work for $6,674; William & Haugh, iron, $4,400, and Thomas Bishop the jailer's residence for $2,000.
PLANK ROAD.
A petition, signed by Samuel Judah, Alfred Smith and Thomas Bishop, was presented to the commissioners, praying that leave might be granted them to use any county or State road from Vin- cennes to Bruceville, by Kelsoe's and the tan-yard and from Bruce- ville to Emison's. This prayer was asked in accordance with an act of the General Assembly for the construction of plank roads. The prayer of the petitioners was granted April 23, 1850. A company was formed, called the "Lawrenceville Plank Road Company." About 400 shares of $50 each were sold, and the road built to Bruceville. Great rejoicing followed the comple-
153
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
tion of the road. This road soon shared the fate of other simi- lar enterprises, and the company became embarrassed with a non-paying investment, and the enterprise was soon abandoned.
RAILROADS.
In February, 1849, the commission voted $200,000 to aid in the construction of the Ohio & Mississippi Railroad. This work was begun in 1851, and it was not completed till 1858. The whole line from St. Louis to Cincinnati being head gauge, was changed to standard gauge from 6 o'clock A. M. on Sunday, July 19, 1871, to 7 P. M. of the same day. Much litigation arose over the Ohio & Mississippi bonds, and not until within the last decade was the matter settled. This road gave excellent outlets to the East and the West. The Evansville & Terre Haute Road, then the Evansville & Crawfordsville, was built between 1850 and 1854. The Indianapolis & Vincennes was completed between 1869 and 1873, and the Cairo & Vincennes between 1872 and 1874.
THE KNOX COUNTY FAIR.
The first agricultural society organized in this county began and ended its career in 1809. John D. Hay and Symmes Harrison were the principal officers, and they devised a premium list ag- gregating nearly $400, to encourage "domestic products." Pre- miums were offered upon linen, flax thread, yarn, jeans, linsey and cotton cloth, called "homespun." The largest sum offered was $5 for the best brood mare showing a foal. There was no report of success attending the first exhibition, but in 1826 a call appeared in the Western Sun, signed by Henry D. Wheeler and others, for a meeting to organize a new society, "notwithstanding former failures." In 1835 another effort was made to organize a new society, under the act of the General Assembly for the encouragement of agricultural interests. The county commis- sioners appropriated the sum of $25 in 1836, and $25 in 1837, and $30 in 1838 (but what became of this does not appear), to assist the enterprise, but no fair was held at that time. The "fifth annual fair" was held at the court house October 11 and 12, 1855. The officers were James D. Williams, president; A.
154
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
B. McKee, secretary, and Thomas J. Beeler, treasurer. A mem- bership cost $1.
There was a stock, an agricultural, a mechanical and a domes- tic manufacture department; also a premium of $5 offered for the best essay on stock raising, and one on agriculture. This was called the fifth annual fair, but when the others were held cannot be determined. The sixth fair was held October 15 and 16, 1856, one mile from Vincennes, on the plank road. This fair was greatly interfered with on account of inclement weather, but was a success financially. Over $200 were given in premiums. Particular mention is made of knitting done by Miss Baird, and Chinese syrup made by A. B. McKee. The society at this time held $4,000 in funds, as was claimed, but there was much dissat- isfaction in regard to the possession of it. The fair of October 28, 29 and 30, of 1858, was called a district fair. Gibson, War- rick, Pike, Sullivan and Lawrence Counties, Ill., were represented by exhibits.
This was one of the most successful ever held. The officers for that year were: J. D. Williams, president; Ab. Smith, treasurer; Dr. Graff, secretary. Over 1,000 entries were made. Fine displays were made by parties from Evansville and Louisville. It was in- tended to close the fair on Friday, but so flattering had been the success, that it was concluded to make Saturday the day. It should be stated, also, that Judge Law delivered a lecture on agriculture on Friday, the 29th. On Saturday was the display of horseback riding by the ladies. The entries for this ring were, Miss Par- melia Long, Miss Sallie McClure, Mrs. Alf. Purcell, and Mrs. Ann Langton, of Knox; Miss Devin and Mrs. Mitchell, of Gibson; Miss Merritt, of Lawrence County, Ill .; Miss Paxton, of Carlisle, and Miss Hornbrook, of Pike County. After a display of their equestrianism, the judges, after some deliberation, awarded the first premium to Mrs. Langton, and the second to Miss Paxton (13 years of age), of Carlisle. So enthusiastic were the friends of the Misses Long and McClure, that they purchased for each a saddle and trappings that were on exhibition and presented to the young ladies. Notwithstanding the great success attending this fair it ceased to exist after one more effort, until 1871, when it was revived under the present organization. It is known as
155
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
the Knox County Agricultural and Mechanical Association. It was chartered by the State June 29, 1871, with a capital stock of $20,- 000, in shares of $10 each. Its creation was largely due to the efforts of late Gov. James D. Williams, who was its first president.
For the association the present grounds were purchased, to which additions and improvements have since been made almost every year. Fairs have become a fixed institution, and their suc- cess now rests almost entirely with their officers. This change is noticed in the management of fairs since the decade of 1850, the abandonment of the riding-ring, and lectures on agricultural sub- jects, and an increased interest in the speed-ring, and a more gorgeous display in all departments. Since Gov. Williams ceased to act as president the following officers have served: Presidents, H. A. Foulks and W. W. Berry; secretaries, E. R. Steen and Gerard Reiter; treasurers, H. Foulks and C. G. Mathe- sie. The total liabilities of the association, March 4, 1884, were $2,147.59. The following is a tabulated statement of receipts and expenses for each year, to 1885:
RECEIPTS.
YEAR .*
FROM STOCK SUBSCRIBED.
1871
$9,880 55
1872 ..
3,956 00
1873.
4,482 05
1874.
4,869 35
1875.
5,672 35
1876.
4,952 10
1877.
4,786 15
1878.
5,563 80
1879.
6,068 25
1880
5,978 18
1881
4,213 25
1882
3,949 10
1883.
6,385 10
1884.
6,078 35
1885
7,078 91
1886.
6,818 95
Total Receipts
$90,732 44
*Year ending March 1.
10
156
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
EXPENDITURES.
YEAR .*
Ground.
Improve- ments.
Prmiums Paid.
Expense Fair.
Total.
1872.
$ 3,000 00
$8,381 92
$1,012 50
$ 743 16
$13,137 58
1873.
3,064 24
1,526 50
1,152 87
5,743 61
1874.
2,448 01
1,445 00
1,441 10
5,334 11
1875.
1,165 60
1,930 75
1,645 56
4,741 91
1876.
.
1,188 00
2,320 00
1,644 45
5,152 45
1877.
....
920 95
2.061 00
1,177 72
4,159 67
1878.
418 48
2,360 50
1,780 06
4,559 04
1879.
1,250 00
875 70
2,768 70
2,133 45
7,027 85
1880.
1,000 00
894 94
2,597 50
1,671 65
6,164 09
1881.
311 24
2,530 25
1,522 93
4,364 42
1882.
...
125 29
2,634 50
1,238 05
3,997 84
1883.
. .
1,427 09
2,955 00
1,391 72
5,773 81
1884.
....
1,240 05
3,289 50
1,940 49
6,470 04
1885.
3,788 92
3,143 50
2,396 60
9,329 02
1886.
554 77
3,672 25
2,649 98
6,877 00
Totals
$5,250 00
$26,805 20
$36,247 45
$24,529 79
$92,832 44
THE KNOX COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY.
This county can boast of some of the oldest and most distin- guished men of the medical profession. Among the oldest and most eminent may be mentioned Dr. Tisdale, who came to Vin- cennes in 1792; Dr. Samuel McKee, who was surgeon in the United States Army, and came to Vincennes in about 1800, and died May 6, 1809; also Dr. McNamara, who came a short time later. The physicians of the place met in 1817, and formed the first medical society ever formed in this county or in the State of Indiana. They met again the following year and among other things passed a resolution recommending the formation of a State medical society, and also sent a petition memorializing Con- gress to pass an act for the formation of a medical pharmacopeia. No further permanent society was formed for fifty-eight years.
From a call a number of physicians met in the city hall April 24, 1875, for the purpose of forming a medical society for Knox County. Dr. Beard was chosen chairman. The following became members : A. J. Thomas, James T. Organ, H. M. Smith, J. W. Pugh, W. H. Wise, W. B. Sprinkle, O'Connell Fairhurst, J. N. Merritt, A. J. Haughton, Alfred Patton, F. W. Beard, John C. Bever, John B. Mantel, W. W. Hitt, W. B. Harris and M. Wither- spoon. The following officers were elected: John W. Pugh, pres-
*Year ending March 1.
157
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
ident; F. W. Beard, secretary; Alfred Patton, treasurer; H. M. Smith, O. Fairhurst and A. J. Haughton, censors. The members now are as follows: W. B. Anderson, F. W. Beard, J. C. Bever, E. P. Busse, S. C. Beard, W. B. Bedell, Royse Davis, G. L. Dorsey, O. Fairhurst, C. A. Foulks, W. B. Grigsby, W. B. Harris, F. M. Har- ris, S. L. Harrison, J. H. Hensley, A. J. Haughton, B. T. Keith, J. W. Milam, W. T. Martin, T. B. Owings, J. W. Pugh, E. Reel, J. A. Randolf, H. M. Smith and L. B. Staley. The present officers are J. W. Milam, president; F. W. Beard, secretary; J. H. Hensley, treasurer; G. L. Dorsey, B. F. Keith and W. B. Harris, censors. The regular meetings of the society are on first Tuesday in April, July, October and January of each year. The society is in a healthful condition, which is largely due to Dr. F. W. Beard, who has been its efficient secretary since its organiza- tion. The following are deceased members : Drs. D. W. Hitt, Alfred Patton, M. Bauer and Emanuel Reel.
THE COUNTY POOR.
"The poor ye have always with you," seems to have been liter- ally fulfilled in this county, as allowances were made for their · keeping and burial as early as 1800. Three commissioners of the poor were appointed for each township to look after those who were in absolute want. These commissioners reported their out- lay to the County Board for settlement. The " pauper practice" was soon after let to the lowest responsible bidder, farmed out as it were, something after the present custom. The first step taken toward the erection of a county poor house was in 1820, when the General Assembly appointed David McClure, Thomas Emison, Samuel Chambers, Thomas Jordan, William Gamble, Abraham Kuykendall, James Watson and Henry Ruble, as commissioners to purchase a farm. That the borough of Vincennes might share in its benefits the town board appointed Gen. W. Johnson a com- mittee of one to confer with the commissioners. The commons were then in the hand of the town board, and Johnson was in- structed that if the commissioners would purchase the southwest half of commons Lot No. 88 (ten acres), the board would donate the other half. This was accordingly done. This seems not to have been successful, as the custom of making allowances in the
158
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
various townships with little modification till 1843, when it was thought but to have the poor all brought together and placed under the care of one person as a matter of economy and human- ity. Bids were received for keeping the poor for one or two years. Vanarsdale bid $28 for each "regular pauper," and V. S. McClure $25, the county to furnish medical attendance and funeral expenses. McClure received the contract. For the same work in 1845, McClure received $35 for each pauper, with the privilege "of keeping the asylum, if no objections were made." The success of the plan of having all the paupers under one man- agement showed the necessity of the county owning its own farm and buildings. In 1851 the auditor called the commissioners together in special session for the purpose of buying a poor farm. The commissioners, James Polk, William Junkins, and Andrew Gardner, met for that purpose December 30, 1851. They pur- chased Lot No. 2 of Surveys 45 and 47, containing forty acres, from A. T. Ellis, for which they paid $450.
On April 3, 1852, the contract was let for building the asylum. Charles Daws received the contract for the carpenter and joiner's work and painting for $1,325. John Green received the contract for 157,184 brick at $3.50 per 1,000, and cellar for $25, making a total of his bill of $5,636.44. Soon after the completion of the asylum the commissioners passed an order requiring all paupers to be sent to the asylum for care, and when they were not sent not to allow any more for their care than if they were at the asylum. The cost of poor farm and asylum has varied considerably through the different years. From 1872 to 1873 it was $3,006.23; from 1873 to 1874 it was $3,433.43; from 1874 to 1875 it was $2,- 784.22; from 1875 to 1876 it was $2,618.72; from 1876 to 1877 it was $3,000.25; from 1877 to 1878 it was $5,072.95; from 1879 to 1880 it was $2,500; from 1880 to 1881 it was $2,100. The ag- gregate for 1882 and 1883 is about $6,000 for each year. The June report for 1885 shows the cost of poor to be $4,032.72; poor farm, $1,308.73; poor at asylum, $1,356.07; making a total for 1885 of $6,697.52.
Those years in which very large sums were paid improve- ments were made to the asylum or the farm. The cost of the superintendent has also varied. In 1853 it was less than $200.
159
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
In 1874 and 1875 Timothy Graham, received $500 for each year; H. A. Johnson about the same for the years 1877 and 1878, and in 1879 and 1880 Robert N. Keever received $350 for each year. For the years 1881 and 1882 Thomas W. Pea received $400 for each year. J. Steen was appointed superintendent in 1884. In 1881 the commissioners entered into a contract with John H. Piel for the erection of a new asylum, which was to cost $15,544,15. The aggregate of the expenses of the poor in the township and assistance given to other charitable institutions is greater than the poor farm and asylum together.
FINANCES.
The tax duplicate for 1808 calls for 122 slaves taxed at $1 each, amounting to $122; 1,945 horses at 50 cents each, or $972.50; 2,634 neat cattle at 10 cents each, amounting to $263.46; 183 single men or bachelors taxed at $1 each, or $183; also 121 houses, valued at $66,550, the tax on the same amount- ing to $196.45; seventeen stud horses were taxed $45. The tax on ferries amounted to $34; other taxables brought the duplicate to $1,759.50. The expenses for the year were about in proportion. to the tax duplicate. The expenses for the courts, including justices, sheriff, clerk, and other items, amounted to $380.32. In addition to these expenses was the cost of the poor and other items, making the total cost of running the county at $1,369.27. This was as a total population of 2,517, according to United States census of 1800. Ten years previous, and in 1798, the ex- penses of the justices' courts was $217.58, and the amount of revenue collected amounted to about $300; this was a population estimated at about 900. A decade later than the first mentioned, or in 1818, the resources of the county had greatly increased. Notwithstanding the ordinance of 1787 and the State constitution of 1816, there were still about 100 slaves in the county. Two items of taxation had changed-slaves and single men. The population had increased from 2,517 in 1800 to 7,945 in 1810. The rate was 50 cents on each 100 acres of land; 50 cents on each horse and mule; $3 on each stud horse; 123 cents on each work ox; 50 cents on each watch; ferry at Vincennes, $10; on White River, $3 each; other ferries on the Wabash, $5; town
160
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
lots, $1 each; four-wheeled pleasure carriages, $4; tavern li- cense in town, $15; in the county, $7.50. Tavern license always included the item of intoxicating liquors. The total amount of taxes amounted to $5,671.85. The expenses, after paying for the new court house, were but nominal. It will be seen that the rate of taxation was about in proportion to the rate of increase of population, as the population for 1820 is given at 5,437. The same year following in the next decade the rate of taxation was as follows: $70 on 100-acre tracts of land; 50 cents on each horse or mule; 122 cents on work oxen; 30 cents on pinchbeck or silver watches; $1 on gold watches; $1 on brass clocks; $1.50 on four-wheeled carriages, and $1 on two-wheeled vehicles. The total amounted to $7,140.064. The expenses for the same year were $597 for the poor; $687.17 for court house and jail expenses; $3,672 for books and stationery for the use of the officers of the court house. Clerks' fees, $107.183; sheriff, $102; wolf scalps, $10; printing, $7.80. Counting sundries and all the expenses for the year 1828 amounted to the sum of $7,036.66§.
In 1838 the rates were as follows: Lands were $1.50, $1.22}, 90 cents per 100 acres, according to quality; horses or mules, 37} cents each; work oxen the same amount as the last named. Four-wheeled carriages were $2, and two-wheeled vehicles were $1.50 each; brass clocks, $1; gold watches, $6.50 each; town lots were 90 cents, and tavern license in town, $20; in the coun- try, $10; to vend wooden clocks cost $10. The following is the item of expense for the same year: The expense for the poor was $783.873; court house, $1,170.38}; books and stationery, $37.41}; printing, $15.75; wolf scalps, $8. The officers' fees were for clerk, $390.66; sheriff, $140; assessors, $102; return- ing judges of elections, $34; associate justices, $76; jurors, $304.25; bailiffs, $92.31}; commissioner, $54, and the jail and jailer, $167.533. The total of receipts amounted to $11,798.67}, and the total expense to $11,779.988. This was on a population of 10,657, counting 1,840 for 1838. In 1848 the receipts were for grocery license, $99.97; ferry license, $43; peddlers and shows, $76; county revenue, $4,863.22; interest on seminary fund, $60.80; surplus revenue, $309.50; redemption of land,
161
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
$513.25; delinquent taxes, $588.30; interest on revenue, $388.61; jury fees, 90 cents; merchant license, $147.54; saline fund, $112.17; county seminary fund, $209.56; bank tax fund, $34.02; delinquent taxes recovered, $198.91; interest on bank tax fund, $24.15, and interest on saline fund, $14.15, the total being $7,469.43; expenses for the same year were for outstanding claims, $1,210.75; assessors' claims, $243.12; specific allow- ances, $339.34; criminals, $15; inquests, $2.50; surplus reve- nue, $230; three per cent fund, $52.90; interest on fund, $138.99; expense for poor, $687.24; expenses incident to sur- plus revenue, $50; seminary, $1,046; interest on same, $24.47; redemption of lands, $518.96; delinquent taxes, $320; interest on surplus revenue, $397.92; roads and highways, $228.78; Saline fund, $202.17; bank tax interest, $345; books and stationery, $166.93; other claims making a total of $7,409.43, leaving a bal- ance on hand of $30.16.
The same receipts as per item as above for the year 1858 amount in the aggregate to $20,714.12, and the expenses to $20,- 368.37, leaving a balance on hand of $345.77. The rate of popu- lation increased about in proportion, the number of inhabitants being 16,056. A decade later the receipts and disbursements had increased to over $40,000. Owing to a change in the plans of the new court house, the cost greatly exceeding the estimate, the county expenses were immensely increased. The receipts for the year 1874 amounted to $202,988.27, and expenditures to $158,591.61. For the year 1875, counting the surplus, the re- ceipts were $203,529.95, and the expenses were $203,529.95. For the year 1876 the receipts were $80,764.64, and expenditures were $221,510.52. The item of receipts for 1877 was $84,721.85, and expenditures were $89,590.04. In 1878 the receipts were $120,470.88, and expenditures were $127,650.74 ; and in 1879 the receipts were $165,560.29, and the expenditures were 147,- 129.84. In the year 1880 the receipts were $164,272.72, and the item of expenditure was $91,840.65. In 1881 the first item amounted in the aggregate to $172,702.06, and the second to $99,069.56. For the next year the receipts amounted to $176,- 397.19, and the expenditures were $130,176.44. In 1883 the full item was $149,583.03, and the second was $88,674.19. The re-
162
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
ceipts for 1884 were $153,410.06, and the expenditures were $97,- 218.83. It will be seen that the receipts since 1876 have largely exceeded the expenditures. The last report of the auditor, June, 1885, shows the following items of receipts: From county revenue, $63,921.41 ; from --- , $56,191.21 ; township revenue, $7,443.50; roads, $10,984.29; dog tax, $1,853.53; court house bonds, $10,458.16; interest on bonds, $11,816.10; ferry license, $3; agricultural fund, $40; land redeemed, $913.10; jury fees, $102.20; state revenue, $13,297.55; state house revenue, $2,103 .- 31; docket fees, $3,220; total receipts, $179,487.94. The ex- penses were, for jurors, $4,162,40; bailiffs, $1,292.75; court, $314.55; roads, 542.75; inquests, $421.70; insane, $953,10; blind, $85.91; house of refuge, $1,009.70; poor farm, $1,308.73; poor at asylum, $1,356.07; poor, $4,032.72; criminals, $1,736 .- 40; assessors, $1,758; fuel, $495.89; bridges, $3,974.81; super- intendent of public schools, $1,068; sheriff, $1,268.40; treasurer, $800; public offices, $189.43; printing, $249.55; auditor, $3,665,- 45; claims, $557,85; attorneys, $300; jail, $500; taxes refunded, $259.45; lands redeemed, $857.46: miscellaneous, $10.33; court house clock. $25. Total amount expended, $101,182.64.
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