USA > Indiana > Knox County > History of Knox and Daviess Counties, Indiana : from the earliest time to the present; with biographical sketches, reminiscences, notes, etc. ; together with an extended history of the colonial days of Vincennes, and its progress down to the formation of the state government > Part 20
USA > Indiana > Daviess County > History of Knox and Daviess Counties, Indiana : from the earliest time to the present; with biographical sketches, reminiscences, notes, etc. ; together with an extended history of the colonial days of Vincennes, and its progress down to the formation of the state government > Part 20
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220
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
ertson and D. W. Robertson; first lieutenants, C. Greenfield, T. B. Couchman, B. McMurray, J. M. Robertson, D. W. Robert- son and T. J. Keith; second lieutenants, T. B. Couchman, B. McMurray, J. M. Robertson, D. W. Robertson, T. J. Keith and S. T. Chambers. The company (104 men in all) assembled at Ed- wardsport, and, accompanied by 500 or 600 of their friends, pro- ceeded by carriages and on horseback to Oaktown, where they took the train for Indianapolis on August 1, 1861. The Twenty-sixth was mustered into the service under Col. William M. Wheatley August 31, 1861. On the 7th of September the regiment left for the field in Missouri.
It took part in Fremont's campaign to Springfield, and then returned to Sedalia to do guard duty till July, 1862. It was actively engaged in the field till May, 1863. It took part in the battle of Newtonia, Mo., Prairie Grove and Van Buren. At Prai- rie Grove the regiment suffered severely. After the battle at Van Buren, the regiment did guard duty till June, 1863, when the regiment joined Grant's army, in the rear of Vicksburg and remained with that army till the fall of Vicksburg and Port Hudson. September 29, at Camp Sterling, near. Morganza, the regiment was defeated, and about half of its men and officers were captured. The regiment went to Brazos, Santiago, thence to Brownsville, where, on February 1, it re-enlisted, and returned to Indiana on a visit, after which it returned to the field again in June. February 18, 1865, a portion of the Sixtieth was con- solidated with the Twenty-sixth, which still retained its organiza- tion. In the campaign against Mobile, the Twenty-sixth was a part of Gen. A. J. Smith's sixteenth corps, and participated in the assault upon Spanish Fort. After the capture of Mobile, the regiment did guard duty for a time, then was marched, by way of Montgomery and Selma, Ala., to Meridian, Miss., thence to Macon, Miss. The strength of the regiment in October, including re- cruits, was 375 men. The regiment was soon afterward mustered out of the service. Those who did not re-enlist were mustered out in September before.
THE THIRTY-THIRD REGIMENT.
The next regular company was Capt. John T. Freeland's Com-
221
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
pany B, of the Thirty-third, drawn mainly from Freelandsville and upper parts of the county. However nearly half of Company D, of the Twenty-ninth was from Knox County. The officers of the company were-Captains, John T. Freeland, J. L. Banks, W. W. Hollingsworth and B. H. Freeland; first lieutenants were An- drew Fullerton, James L. Banks, W. W. Hollingsworth, B. H. Freeland, Henry H. Jetter and Israel M. Adams; second lieuten- ants; E. M. Adams, J. L. Banks, W. W. Hollingsworth, B. H. Freeland, W. S. Reed, I. M. Adams and John F. Gillis. This company first went into camp at Camp Knox August 15, 1861, this camp for recruits and instruction having been previously es- tablished. The Thirty-third was mustered into the service under Col. John M. Coburn September 16th, at Indianapolis, and on the 28th left for Louisville and encamped at Camp Dick Robin- son. It joined Gen. Thomas October 2; on the 13th it marched to Crab Orchard, thence to Camp Wildcat, where on the 21st it assisted in the defeat of Zollicoffer. The regiment marched and countermarched in Kentucky till June 18, when Cumberland Gap was taken, the same kind of work was done in East Tennessee till the evacuation of the Gap September 18, 1862, when the regiment fell back into Kentucky for the defense of Cincinnati and Louisville. The regiment passed to Nashville, thence to Frank- lin and Columbia, when on March 1 it fought with Van Dorn, and on the 5th at Thompson's Station the regiment lost about 100 men killed and wounded and 400 captured.
These were soon afterward exchanged and rejoined the regi- ment, which did various guard duties till January and February, 1864, when 450 veterans returned home on furlough. The regi- ment returned to Tennessee and was assigned to the second corps. of Sherman's army. It took part in the battles of Resaca, Cass- ville, New Hope Church, Golgotha Church, Culp's Farm, Kene- saw, Marietta, Peach Tree Creek, Turner's Ferry, and Septem- ber 2 its colonel received the surrender of Atlanta. In these en- gagements the regiment lost over 300 men. November 13 this regiment, with the army, began the "march to the sea." It was in the left wing under Slocum. The Thirty-third passed with Sherman's army to Savannah, thence up through the Carolinas. It took part in the engagements at Averysboro and Bentonville, and reached
222
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Goldsboro March 23, and on April 13 entered Raleigh. On May 1 it began its homeward march by way of Richmond, which it reached on the 11th, and on the 12th resumed its march for Washington City, where it arrived on the 21st. It remained in Washington till the last of June, when it was sent to Louisville, Ky., and was mustered out on the 21st of July, 1865.
THE FIFTY-FIRST REGIMENT.
The next soldiers from Knox County, with the exception of a few drafted men sent to the Forty-second, Forty-fourth and Fif- tieth were Companies E and H, of the Fifty-first. All the officers of Company E, both commissioned and non-commissioned, were from Vincennes, while the enlisted men were drawn largely from Washington, Harrison and some of the other townships. Com- pany H was mainly made up at Bruceville; there were, however, some from Steen, some from Vigo and some from Busseron. The former mustered at Vincennes, the latter at Bruceville. The com- missioned officers of Company E, were-Captains, William Denny, William N. Denny, D. L. Wright and Ellis House; first lieu- tenants were Daniel Trent, David Wright, D. A. Denny, Ellis House, A. R. Harris and H. C. Byers; second lieutenants were J. A. Welton, A. R. Harris and N. P. Scott. The commissioned officers of Company H, were: Captains, Clark Willis .(afterward promoted to major), T. F. Chambers, Alfred Gude and W. P. McClure; first lieutenants were J. W. Haley, A. Gude, William Willis, William P. McClure and W. H. Dunn; second lieuten- ants were J. W. Haley, A. Gude, William Willis, Hiram Mallory and J. W. Manning. The latter company left Bruceville on Tues- day, October 22, 1861, for Emison Station, where it embarked for Indianapolis. There was a train of 157 wagons and 175 persons on horseback accompanying them to the train, where a crowd es- timated at 2,000 had assembled. While waiting the assembly listened to speeches by Capt. Freeland, Revs. Jones and Moore, and others. The Fifty-first was mustered into the United States service December 14, 1861, under Col. A. D. Streight. The regiment proceeded from Indianapolis to Bardstown, Ky., thence in February with Buell's army to Nashville and thence to Shiloh, arriving too late to take part in that bloody battle, but assisted in
223
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
the siege of Corinth. After the fall of Corinth it passed through northern Alabama to Stevenson; thence with Buell's army in their retreat to Louisville; thence back to Nashville and to Stone's River, where it took part in that battle December 31, 1862, and January 1 and 2, 1863, losing 5 killed, 36 wound- ed and 8 missing-49 in all. The regiment lay at Murfrees- boro till April, when it formed a part of a brigade under Col. Streight, intended to capture Rome, Ga., and cut off Bragg's supplies, his army then being at Tullahoma, Tenn. The brigade consisted of about 1,700 men, about half of whom were mount- ed. The body started from Eastport, Miss., April 21, and fought Forrest on the 29th and 30th at Day's Gap near Sand Mountain, losing 31 men but driving off the enemy. It fought again May 1 at Crooked Creek, and on the 2d at Blunt's farm and on the 3d it was overtaken near Gaylesburg, Ala., and compelled to surrender.
These men suffered the horrors of a rebel prison for some time, but at length the enlisted men were released on parole. Col. Streight made his escape from Libby prison by tunneling February 9, 1864. In November, 1863, the regiment was ex- changed and did guard duty in various parts of Tennessee till January and February, 1864, when most of the men re-enlisted, and returned to Indiana on thirty days' furlough. It again returned to service in April. The regiment did duty at Chatta- nooga till the fall of Atlanta, when it moved with the Fourth Corps by way of Pulaski, Columbia, Franklin, to Nashville. On the 14th of December the non-veterans were mustered out and sent home, and on the 15th the regiment took part in the battle of Nashville, and defeat and pursuit of Hood to Huntsville, Ala. Here it remained till March, 1865, then moved to east Tennessee, then in May again to Nashville, where the remnant of the Seventy-ninth was attached to the Fifty-first. In June the regiment was sent to New Orleans with the Fourth Corps, and later into western Texas, where it remained till called home to be mustered out.
THE SIXTY-FIFTH AND THE EIGHTIETH REGIMENTS.
Under the July call of 1862 for 300,000 men, the Sixty-fifth
224
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
was organized. Company C and a part of G were made up from Knox County. The officers of C were-Captains Isaac Mass and J. H. Averill, Capt. Mass having served a short time before; first lieutenants were N. Miller, J. T. Coleman, J. H. Averill, J. A. Smith, and L. Mallory; second lieutenants were J. T. Coleman and C. C. Burnett. The Sixty-fifth first went into camp at Camp Gibson, Princeton, Ind., under Col. John W. Foster. For a sketch of this regiment see History of Daviess in this volume.
Companies C, G, and I, of the Eightieth Indiana, were also from Knox County. Company C was made up almost entirely at Edwardsport in September, 1862. Its officers were: Captains, J. L. Culbertson, promoted to major, and John T. Cochran; first lieutenants were Thomas Chambers, W. C. Chambers, and Eli P. Bicknell; second lieutenants were W. C. Chambers and E. P. Bicknell. Company G was made up from various parts of the county. Its commissioned officers were: Captains, W. H. Watson, J. C. Gladdish, promoted to major, and J. F. Cantwell; first lieutenants were S. E. Smith, J. C. Gladdish, W. T. Dunn, and W. H. Clements; second lieutenants were Porter Clarkson, W. T. Dunn, and W. H. Clements. I was mainly from Vin- cennes. Its commissioned officers were: Captains, W. D. Lewis, W. S. Emery, mortally wounded at Resaca, and E. W. Slack; first lieutenants, T. J. Walker, E. W. Slack, and C. L. Sellers, L. C. Turbett, accidentally killed, and W. S. Emery. This regiment went into camp at Princeton in August and September. On September 8 the regiment left Camp Gibson for the seat of war in Kentucky. It went by way of Indianapolis to Louisville, thence to Perryville, where it took a conspicuous part in that engagement just one month after leaving Camp Gibson. In this engagement it lost 150 officers and men in killed, wounded, and captured.
The regiment engaged in skirmishing and chasing John Mor- gau till July 5, 1863. On August 11th the regiment with Burn- side's command entered East Tennessee, occupying Kingston, Knoxville, and other places. It fought at Kingston, Massey Creek, and took a prominent part in the defense of Knoxville against Longstreet. In the spring of 1864 it was attached to the Twenty-third Army Corps, under command of Gen. Scofield.
225
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
On May 9 it began the forward movement with Sherman's army toward Atlanta. It began fighting at Dalton, and was almost continually engaged till the fall of Atlanta. It suffered terribly at Resaca, and considerably at Peach Tree Creek. In the At- lanta campaign it suffered a total loss of 175 men. After the fall of Atlanta the regiment joined in the pursuit of Hood till that was abandoned; it was then detached and formed a part of Thomas' army for the defense of Nashville, It fell back by way of Puluski, Columbia, Spring Hill, Franklin, to Nashville. On November 30, with parts of Twenty-third and Fourth Corps under Scofield, it succeeded in giving Hood that very bloody repulse at Franklin, thus saving the army train, and again on the 15th and 16th of December it assisted very materially in the de- struction of Hood's army. After the pursuit of Hood's army to the Tennessee this regiment, with the Twenty-third Corps, was transferred (in January, 1860) by water and rail to Alexandria; thence by steamer to North Carolina. It took part in the attack on Fort Anderson near Wilmington, Kingston, Goldsboro, and Raleigh, and all the movements till the surrender of Johnston. After the surrender the regiment proceeded to Indianapolis, where a grand reception was tendered them and other returned soldiers. Addresses of welcome were made by Gov. Morton and others. There were but 320 men and officers of the regiment re- turned for discharge. During its term of service the regiment lost 327 men killed, wounded, and prisoners, and traveled 7,245 miles. .
ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTIETH REGIMENT.
On demand of the General Government for eleven new regi- ments, in the fall of 1863, two companies, G and F, were raised in Knox County for the One Hundred and Twentieth Regiment. Company F was made from different counties, but largely from Knox, while G was almost wholly from this county. Its officers were : Captain, Henry Gilham; first lieutenants, H. Gilham and A. Cantwell; second lieutenants were W. H. Greeg and J. H. Simpson. The regiments of which the One Hundred and Twen- tieth was one, were formed into a division under command of Gen. Hovey. The regiment left for Nashville in April, 1864, and was assigned to the Twenty-third Army Corps, operating in east
226
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Tennessee. The regiment was mustered into the service on the 1st of March, 1864, under command of Col. R. F. Barter. On May 2, a part of the Twenty-third Corps began its advance upon Atlanta. On May 6 it was near Red Clay, close to Dalton, and a demonstration was made against Rocky Face; the column passed through Snake Creek Gap, and on the 15th of May fought the enemy at Resaca. On June 15 it was at Lost Mountain, and on the 27th in the charge upon Kenesaw; on the 22d of July it took part in the desperate battle of Peach Tree Creek, which resulted in the defeat of the enemy. After the fall of Atlanta the regi- ment was in the fruitless chase of Hood, and was desperately as- saulted by the enemy at Allatoona. On October 30 the corps was detached from Sherman's army and was ordered to join Thomas in the defense of Nashville. It fell back by way of Chattanooga, reached Columbia on November 24, on the 27th crossed Duck River and skirmished with the enemy two days. The division to which the regiment belonged was cut off at Spring Hill, but by making a detour of twenty-five miles in a night march the regi- ment reached Franklin on the 30th. Here it took part in that sanguinary contest, lasting from 4 o'clock till 10 at night, losing 48 men killed and wounded; among the former was Maj. E. B. Brasher. The next day the regiment reached Nashville and took position on Thomas' left. In the battles of the 15th and 16th of December the regiment was again engaged, and then joined in the pursuit of Hood's routed army. On January 15 the regiment boarded a steamer at Clifton, passed down the Tennessee, thence up the Ohio to Cincinnati, thence by rail to Washington City. From Washington it was transferred by water to Newbern, N. C.
March 6 the regiment left Newbern, going toward Kings- ton; on the 8th it encountered the enemy at Wise's Forks in a sharp skirmish, and on the 10th a severe engagement was fought with the enemy, in which the regiment lost 7 men killed and 48 wounded; the enemy, however, was defeated. On the 11th the march toward Kingston was resumed, a union having been effect- ed with the forces of Gen. Cox. The force reached Goldsboro on March 20, thus uniting with the forces of Gen. Sherman. The forces passed to Smithfield, and on April 30 entered Raleigh, where Johnston surrendered, April 26. The regiment did guard
227
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
duty at various places in North Carolina till ordered home in the fall to be mustered out of the service.
LAST CALLS FOR TROOPS.
Under the call of December 20, 1864, for eleven new regiments of one year's men from Indiana, two companies were raised in Knox County. Company B was first, commanded by Capt. J. H. Smith, who resigned in March and was succeeded by Capt. William Huffman on the promotion to a captaincy; J. P. Patterson was promoted to first lieutenant, and on his promotion O. F. Baker was made second lieutenant. The regiment to which they were as- signed was mustered into the service at Indianapolis on February . 21, with John F. Gill as colonel. On the 24th the regiment left for Nashville, thence to Murfreesboro, where it remained till May; thence to Tullahoma. It was recalled to Nashville on the 26th of May and sent to Clarksville, from which place three companies were sent to garrison Fort Donelson. The regiment was again brought together and mustered out at Nashville, October 17, and the Nineteenth left for Indianapolis, where it arrived on the 21st with 30 officers and 691 men for discharge and to be paid off.
Besides the troops already mentioned Capt. George raised a company in 1861, and it was attached to the Third Kentucky Cavalry. A company and a part of another, under Capt. Swallen, belonged to the Seventh Light Artillery. Colored troops were not thought of in the early part of the war, and the first talk of arming the negroes met with most vehement and bitter opposition by those not friendly toward the administration. The first colored troops from the county went to the Fifty-fifth Massachusetts by permission from Gov. Morton. Later, Company O of the Thir- teenth United States Colored Regiment, and Companies B and E of the Twenty-eighth were largely represented from this county. Before the close of the war large numbers of these were employed, and added materially to the cause. Before the close of the war the Confederates began arming them.
THE DRAFTS.
Preparatory to the draft of October 6, 1862, for 300,000 men, M. P. Gee was appointed draft commissioner for the county; O. B. Wetzell, marshal, and S. C. Whiting, surgeon.
228
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
From the enrollment of the 19th of September, it is shown that Knox County had 2,519 militia, had furnished 1,322 volun- teers, had 549 unfit for military duty, and 1,970 subject to draft. Under this call Knox County's quota was 143, but this was filled by all the townships except Johnson, which was deficient 13. In the call of October 17, 1863, for 300,000, the quota for the State was 18,597, and of the county, 213; but this was filled without resorting to a draft. Under calls of February 1, March 14, and July 18, 1864, the quota of the county was 374. Tremendous efforts were made to raise the number without draft. Old sol- diers, veterans and officers were sent home to encourage volun- teers, but a sufficient number could not be procured. The quotas and deficiencies by townships were as follows:
Vincennes
Quota. 153
96
57
Steen ..
22
13
9
Harrison
44
2
42
Washington.
30
22
8
Widner
38
6
32
Vigo
41
14
27
Busseron
24
7
17
Palmyra
41
0
41
Decker.
21
3
18
Johnson
41
0
41
Before the draft was made, Palmyra had reduced her quota to 40; Vincennes, to 36; Vigo, to 27; Harrison, to 22; Widner, to 27, Decker, to 18, and Washington and Steen had filled theirs. Double the number of the above were drafts.
The draft came off at the appointed time without serious trouble, but it was soon found that both the principals and the alternates were exhausted in Vincennes Township, and there was still a deficiency of eight men. Accordingly, on Jannary 1, 1865, others were drawn to supply their place.
Under the December call-the last call for 300,000 men-the quotas and credits were as follows:
Enrollment.
Quota.
Credit.
Surplus.
Vincennes
.858
90
102
12
Steen .
126
11
12
1
Harrison.
161
18
21
3
Washington
161
18
19
1
Widner . .
120
15
16
1
Vigo
160
20
21
1
Busseron
83
9
13
4
Palmyra
67
20
21
1
Decker.
62
9
8
1*
Johnson.
71
16
17
1
Credit.
Deficiency.
*Deficiency.
229
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
CAMP KNOX.
Soon after the opening of the war, Knox County became almost an entire camp of instruction. The school boys in many districts took up the martial spirit, and organized themselves into military companies to drill for pastime. Soldiers' aid societies were formed in every neighborhood. Of the county society Mrs. Caldwell was president; Mrs. Hays, vice-president; Mrs. Dr. Man- tle, treasurer, and Mrs. Culter, secretary. Nearly every lady in the county gave some luxury or delicacy to the soldiers, either as the thousands passed by on the trains or were encamped at Fort Knox, or boxes of supplies were sent to the field. Camp Knox was established as a camp of instruction and for recruits in July, 1861. This was under command for a time of Gen. John A. Mann, and later under Col. George W. Gorman. The number of men there varied from a mere squad to fifteen full companies. This was visited by thousands of persons. Ministers of the vari- ous denominations furnished spiritual aid; among those who preached there were Revs. E. O'Flynn, Stallard and Hayes.
SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETIES.
According to the policy of Gov. Morton, Indiana soldiers were brought home for treatment and nursing. After the battle of Fort Donelson the Bishop of Vincennes tendered the use of the Catholic Seminary for the sick and wounded, and the assistance of the Sisters in caring for them. The city council of Vincennes, on the 26th of April, 1861, voted $3,000 in aid of the families of soldiers, but the commissioners failed to vote bounties to soldiers on the ground of inability of the people to stand further taxa- tion. The trustees, however, allowed to families from 40 to 75 cents a week for each dependent individual of a soldier's fam- ily. The following exhibit, not including thousands given privately, will show the aid furnished by the county and by the township:
Knox County
Bounty. $132,750
Relief. $9,800 400
Vigo
Widner
800
500
Busseron.
960
275
Washington
400
700
Palmyra.
....
250
230
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
Vincennes.
850
1,800
Harrison.
220
Johnson.
...
150
Decker.
75
Steen
800
225
Vincennes (City)
850
940
Totals
$137,410
$15,335
Grand total
$152.745
CHAPTER X.
HISTORY OF THE COUNTY TOWNS -CHIPPECOKE - FOUNDING OF VIN- CENNES-HISTORICAL OBJECTS OF INTEREST-CHARACTER OF THE EARLY INHABITANTS-VINCENNES MADE THE SEAT OF GOVERNMENT- ADDITIONS -INCORPORATED COMPANIES- BUSINESS HOUSES, PAST AND PRESENT-INCORPORATION AND OFFICERS-SECRET SOCIETIES- NEWSPAPERS-EDWARDSPORT-MONROE CITY -FREELANDSVILLE- BICKNELL - BRUCEVILLE-OAKTOWN -SANDBORN - WHEATLAND- DECKERTOWN- DICKSBURG-RICHLAND-WESTPHALIA-BUSSERON -- EMISON.
T THE history of this town, the "Heliopolis of the West," dates back into the past so far that history, neither sacred nor pro- fane, can measure the period by years. That there was a period when this place was the center of a busy and populous commun- ity, that here they toiled and struggled, and lived and died, cannot be questioned. The monuments, as enduring as time which they left, are pages upon which something was written of this very peculiar people, but the date was entirely omitted. Their origin, their fate, is a blank page; their peaceful habits, their busy life, their religious zeal, is judged from the works they left; but further is wrapped in as much mystery and speculation as the great "Unknown." Following these Mound Builders came the race of "Fishermen," who left not here monuments of sacri- ficial altars overlooking the town, but near are extensive shell- heaps and bone-piles, where is found a slight index to their habits. That these people, whether the Mound Builders or the Fishermen, possessed intelligence, is evident from their selection of this place as a place of habitation and permanent residence, as was done
231
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.
later by the red men, and still later by the French and other Eu- ropean nations. After these Fishermen came the red men, for how long neither history nor tradition can tell, only this-when the white man came with the sword, the cross and fire-water, he found here a populous Indian village, Chip-pe-co-ke (Brush- wood), but this, too, soon passed away. The Fisherman are not spoken of here as a race, but that this place seems also to have been their central habitation. Evidences of these, a people en- tirely different from the others, are found in large areas of shell- heaps and bone-piles, where are intermingled sea-shells, fishes, bones of human beings and other animals. Vincennes seems to have been a favorite resort for both the Mound Builders and Fish- ermen, and appears to have been more a permanent place of hab- itation than is usual for nomadic races. After the departure of the Fishermen, or with their departure, came the red men. The interval between the Mound Builders and the Fishermen, or the - Fishermen and the Indians, neither history nor tradition can tell, only this: When the white man came with the sword and the cross and fire-water, he found a village of some size called Chip- pe-co-ke, or by the whites it became Chip-pe-co-ke, the meaning being Brushwood. Brought in contact with what we call civil- ization, the red men soon passed away and left the Europeans masters of the field-first the French, then the continental Eng- lish, and afterward the American. The French are supposed to have made a permanent settlement here in 1702.
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