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HISTORY
OF
RENO COUNTY KANSAS
ITS PEOPLE, INDUSTRIES AND INSTITUTIONS
By SHERIDAN PLOUGHE 1
With Biographical Sketches of Representative Citizens and Genealogical Records of Many of the Old Families
VOLUME I
ILLUSTRATED
1917 B. F. BOWEN & COMPANY, Inc. · Indianapolis, Indiana.
THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY 562773 A
A. TOR, LEN TILDEN FOU R 1931 L
Copyright, 1917, by B. F. Bowen & Co.
PUBLISHERS' PREFACE
All life and achievement is evolution : present wisdom comes from past experience, and present commercial prosperity has come only from past exer- tion and sacrifice. The deeds and motives of the men who have gone before have been instrumental in shaping the destinies of later communities and states. The development of a new country was at once a task and a privi- lege. It required great courage, sacrifice and privation. Compare the pres- ent conditions of the people of Reno county, Kansas, with what they were fifty years ago. - From a trackless area of virgin land, the county has come to be a center of prosperity and civilization, with millions of wealth, system of railways, educational and religious institutions, varied industries and immense agricultural and dairy interests. Can any thinking person be insensible to the fascination of the study which discloses the aspirations and efforts of the early pioneers who so strongly laid the foundation upon which has been reared the magnificent prosperity of later days? To perpetuate the story of these people and to trace and record the social, religious, educational, political and industrial progress of the community from its first inception, is the function of the local historian. A sincere purpose to preserve facts and personal memoirs that are deserving of perpetuation, and which unite the present to the past, is the motive for the present publication. The publishers desire to extend their thanks to those who have so faithfully labored to this end. Thanks are also due to the citizens of Reno county for the uniform kindness with which they have regarded this undertaking, and for their many services rendered in the gaining of necessary information.
arrich 12 Oct 1931 2 vols .
In placing the "History of Reno County, Kansas," before the citizens. the publishers can conscientiously claim that they have carried out the plan as outlined in the prospectus. Every biographical sketch in the work has been submitted to the party interested, for correction, and therefore any error of fact, if there be any, is solely due to the person for whom the sketch was prepared. Confident that our effort to please will fully meet the appro- bation of the public, we are,
Respectfully,
THE PUBLISHERS.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I-EARLY EXPLORATIONS OF THE WEST 33 Opposition to Louisiana Purchase-Lewis-Clark Expedition-Major Long's Expedition and Noteworthy Incidents Connected with it-Other Explorers- Jacob Fowler's Explorations and His "Journal of Travels"-Lieutenant Wil- kinson.
CHAPTER II-PHYSICAL APPEARANCE AND EARLY CONDITIONS 42 Conditions in Reno County Similar to Those in Other States-Characteristics of the Early Settlers-Lack of Transportation Facilities-Wild Geese-Wild Game-Buffalo Grass, a Wonderful Forage-Monotony of the Scene in Early Days -- A Wonderful Transformation.
CHAPTER III-THE ARKANSAS RIVER AND OTHER STREAMS 45 Coronado, the First Explorer of the West-Naming the Arkansas River- Description of the River-Explorations of Zebulon Pike-Jacob Fowler's Journeyings-Cow Creek and Some Queries Concerning It-Disastrous Floods-Flood Prevention Work-Straightening of the Channel-The Drain- age Canal-The Ninnescah and Salt Creek.
CHAPTER IV-THE OSAGE INDIANS 54
Few Indians in Kansas After the Advent of the White Man-Osage Indians. Original Owners of Reno County Territory-Original Indian Claims to the Land-The Osage Treaties-The Osage Trust Lands-Indian Habits and Customs.
CHAPTER V-THE BUFFALO
60
Physical Pecularities of the American Buffalo, or Bison-The Buffalo Range -Probable Age of the Species-Immense Size of Herds-The Buffalo Grass -Condition of the Soil After the Herds Had Passed and Its Effect on Drainage-Habits of the Buffalo-Buffalo as Food-Disappearance of the Buffalo a Chief Cause of the Breaking Up of the Tribal Relations of the Indians-Extermination of the Buffalo in the Interest of Peace-Buffalo Bones-Hide Hunters-Buffalo Wallows.
CHAPTER VI-EARLY TRAILS ACROSS THE COUNTRY 67
The Tide of Emigration Westward After the Civil War-The Cattle Busi- ness-Immense Herds of Texas Cattle Driven North-Some of the Early Cattle Men-The Cattle Trails-The Romance of the "Trail" and the "Round-up."
·
CONTENTS.
71
CHAPTER VH-BOUNDARY LINES
Legislative Acts of 1855, Creating Counties-Only Meager Descriptions Pos- sible-Descriptions Simplified by Survey of 1857-Numerous Changes in County Boundaries-Creation of Reno County-C. C. Hutchinson and His Influence on Early Development of the Country-His Choice of a Townsite -Reno Given Its Present Form-Attempts to Divide the County.
CHAPTER VIII-THE EARLY SETTLERS 76 First Settler in Reno County-Other Earliest Settlements and Those Who Immediately Followed-First Settlements Along Water Courses-Early Game-An Indian Scare-Early Land Surveys-Many Inaccuracies-Official Record of the Complete Survey of Reno County.
CHAPTER IX-SOME FIRST THINGS 82 First Marriage-First Birth-First Threshing Machine-First Political Con- vention-First Death-First Cemetery-First "Joint" Raid-First Alfalfa- Building of the First Silo-The Last Buffalo-Building of the Rock Island Railroad-A Big Powder Explosion-The Water and Light Plant in Sherman Street, West.
CHAPTER X-A YEAR OF DISASTER 94
The Year 1874, a Dismal One for the Pioneers of Reno County-A Hot Year and Extended Drought-The Locust Scourge-The Kansas Relief Fund-Pioneers Refuse to Be Discouraged, and Their Ultimate Triumph.
CHAPTER XI-ORGANIZING THE COUNTY 98
Petition for Creation of Reno County, Its Approval By the Governor. and His Order for the Organization of the County-The First Election-C. C. Hutchinson the First Representative in the Legislature-First Election for County Officers-Some of These Officers-Hutchinson to be a Temperance Town-The Herd Law and Its Importance to the Early Settlers-Census Roll of Reno County, January 18, 1872.
CHAPTER XII-TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATIONS 110
Reno, the First Township-Creation, First Officers and Other Items of In- terest Concerning the Townships of Valley, Little River, Haven, Clay, Castleton, Center, Lincoln, Nickerson (Grant), Salt Creek, Troy, Langdon. Medford, Miami, Grove, North Hayes, Yoder, Grove, Loda, Hayes, Bell. Albion, Roscoe, Enterprise, Plevna. Huntsville, Walnut, Sylvia. Medora, Ar- lington and Ninnescah.
CHAPTER XH1-POLITICAL PARTIES 124
Reno County Settled Largely by Old Soldiers-Republican Party Dominant Throughout the History of the County -- Relative Party Strength-The Pro- hibition Question-Notable Political Contest-The Largest Political Meet- ing Ever Held in the County-Management of Political Parties-Protest Against the Convention System, Resulting in the Primary Law-Present Political Independence of the Voters.
129
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XIV-THE COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
Management of the County's Finances-The First Board of Commissioners- Commissioner Districts-Notable Political Row of 1873-Personnel of the Board During the Eighties-Change in the Election Laws-Pioneer Officials Lacked "Vision."
CHAPTER XV-PROBATE JUDGES OF RENO COUNTY 135 An Important Office-Statistics Showing the Growth of the Office-Foreign Wills and Guardianships-Appointment of Administrators-Department of Domestic Wills-Adoption Cases and Juvenile Court Work-Marriage Li- censes-List of Probate Judges.
CHAPTER XVI-CLERKS OF THE DISTRICT COURT 142 Office Noted for Long Tenure of Officials-Women Elected to Office-First Case in District Court-Separation of the Criminal and Civil Cases.
CHAPTER XVII-COUNTY CLERKS 146 The First County Clerk and His Successors-Growth of Office in Importance -Duties of the Clerk-Conviction for Embezzlement-Present Records Com- plete and Accurate.
CHAPTER XVIII -- COUNTY ATTORNEYS 151 One of the Most Important Offices in the County-Incumbents of the Office Since Creation of Same-Influence of the Populists-Vote Indicates Growth of County.
CHAPTER XIX -- REGISTER OF DEEDS 156 The First Register of Deeds and Those Who Have Followed Him-Impor- tant Functions of the Office-Statistics for 1916.
CHAPTER XX-SURVEYORS AND CORONERS 160
Strange Grouping of These Two Offices-First Surveyors of the County -The County Coroner and His Duties and Status-Those Who Have Held the Office.
CHAPTER XXI-REPRESENTATIVES AND STATE SENATORS 165 C. C. Hutchinson, Reno's First Representative in the Lower House-Re- sume of the Ensuing Elections-Rivalry Between Country and Town-State Senators.
CHAPTER XXII-SOME EARLY BOND ELECTIONS 172 Absence of Money in Early Days an Embarrassment-Small List of Personal Property Taxpayers-Unequality of the Burden-Bonds Necessary-First Bond Election-The Building of Bridges and of a Court House -- Road- making, An Important Question-C. C. Hutchinson's Vision of Future Reno County.
CHAPTER XXIII-BONDS OF THE COUNTY AND ITS SUBDIVISIONS __ 177 Early Necessity for Public Improvements-County Compelled to Borrow Money and Issue Bonds-Bonded Indebtedness, 1916-Bonded Indebtedness of the Townships.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXIV-RENO COUNTY'S FINANCIAL MATTERS 181 Trouble in Providing for the Early Expenses of the County-Necessity for Bond Issue-Little Market Demand for the Bonds-The Tax Rolls in 1872 --- Railroad Injunction Suit Against the County Against Levying Taxes- Compromise With the Railroad-Statistics Concerning the Increase in the Value of Taxable Property-County's Bonded Indebtedness-Office of County Assessor-The County's Progress.
CHAPTER XXV-BUILDING THE MISSOURI PACIFIC 188 Early Rivalry Between Towns for Railroads-The Wichita-Hutchinson Con- tention-Final Triumph of the Hutchinson Crowd in Their Efforts to Bring the Missouri Pacific Here.
CHAPTER XXVI-THE HUTCHINSON & SOUTHERN RAILROAD 193 Originally a Union Pacific Project -- Controversy Among the Projectors of the Road as to its Route-Its Eventual Building to Reno County-A Profit- able Transaction for the Promoters.
CHAPTER XXVII-EARLY FARMING 199 Crude Methods of the Pioneer Farmer-Importance of the Early Hay and Corn Market-Favorable Effect of the Herd Law-First Grist-mills-Prairie Fires and Their Effect on Timber Growth-Diversity in Farming-Pioneer Orchards-Milk and Eggs.
CHAPTER XXVIII-RENO COUNTY FAIRS 206 The First Reno County Fair-Splendid Growth of Later Fairs-Beginning of the Present State Fair as an Institution-Its Phenomenal Success and Present Status.
CHAPTER XXIX-THE GRAIN BUSINESS 211 First Grain Buyers of Reno County-Board of Trade-Present Vast Propor- tions of the Traffic-Flouring Mills.
CHAPTER XXX-POSTOFFICES AND MAIL ROUTES 214 First Overland Mail-Hutchinson a Mail Distributing Point-Star Routes- Postmasters in Reno County-Free Delivery in Hutchinson-Postal Receipts -- Rural Free Delivery.
CHAPTER XXXI-SCHOOLS, RENO COUNTY 225
Incomplete Records of the Early Schools-Unpractical Method of Forming First School Districts-First District Organized in 1872-Later Ones-Bond- ed Indebtedness of School Districts-Later Bond Issues-Consolidated Rural Schools-Rural High Schools-The Standardized School-School Statistics -County Superintendents-Reno County High School.
CHAPTER XXXII-NEWSPAPERS OF THE COUNTY. 237
Reno County Fortunate in an Abundant Supply of Newspapers-Zeno Tharp. Optimist-First Newspaper in the County -- A "Boomer" on the Job-Later Newspaper Developments-Some Short-lived Papers-Other Papers- News- papers as an Asset to the Community.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXXIII-FIRST CHURCHES IN THE COUNTY 243
First Public Religious Service in the County-Early Baptist and Methodist Societies-Congregationalist Church-The Presbyterian Church-Christian Church-Catholic Church-The Universalist Society-Church Growth Keep- ing Pace With the Growth of the County.
CHAPTER XXXIV-EARLY DOCTORS OF RENO COUNTY 247 Strenuous Lives of the Early Doctors-First Doctor in Hutchinson-Other Physicians Who Looked After the Health of the Pioneers-County Medical Society-Hospitals-The Red Cross Society.
CHAPTER XXXV-BANKS OF RENO COUNTY 250 The First Bank and Other Early Financial Institutions-Other Banks Which Have Been Started in the County-Financial Standing of the Banks.
CHAPTER XXXVI-THE RENO COUNTY BAR 254 Lawyers of Reno County Men of Ability and High Character-Nature of Early Legal Business-Early Lawyers of Reno County-Bachelors Argue for Woman Suffrage-Some Present Members of the Bar-Younger Members of the Bar-Convicted Lawyer Disbarred.
CHAPTER XXXVII-THE NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT 263 Creation of the Ninth Judicial District-Counties in the Original District and Changes in the District Boundaries-Judges of the District Court.
CHAPTER XXXVIII-CIVIL WAR SOLDIERS IN RENO COUNTY 1 269 Complete List of Union Soldiers Living in Reno County in 1890, with the Number From Each State.
CHAPTER XXXIX-STATE MILITIA-COMPANY E 299
First Military Company in Reno County-Indian Scare-Home Guard Com- pany-Organization of Company E-Roster of the Company During the Spanish-American War and at the Time of its Second Call to Service, in 1916-Machine Gun Company.
CHAPTER XL-COMMUNITY MUSIC 306 Social Gatherings Among the Pioneers-Music One of the Features of All Public Occasions-Some Pioneer Singers-An Early Music Teacher-First Public Concert-State Music Teachers' Association-The Musical Jubilee- The Municipal Band.
CHAPTER XLI-SMALLER TOWNS IN RENO COUNTY 310
Brief Description of Nickerson, Arlington. Castleton, Haven, Partridge. Abby- ville, Plevna, Langdon, Medora, Buhler, Elmer, Turon.
CHAPTER XLII-FORTY-FIVE YEARS IN RENO 316
Phenomenal Progress of the County Since Its Organization-Comparative Statistics -- A Brief Contrast of Conditions-Growth of the City and Villages -- Public Utilities.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XLIN-THE BEGINNING OF HUTCHINSON
319 C. C. Hutchinson's Contract With the Railroad to Build a Town-Obstacles- Hutchinson's Preseverance and Untiring Zeal-Beginning of the Town- First Buildings and Business Concerns.
CHAPTER XLIV-HUTCHINSON, A CITY OF THE THIRD CLASS 324 Incorporated as a City-First City Election-First City Ordinance-First Boundaries-Protection From Prairie Fires -- Early City Ordinances-Hitch- ing-post Questions-By Way of Contrast-Various City Elections-The Sa- loon Question-Promotion of Public Improvements-Census Taken-De- velopment of Public Utilities-Fire Protection-City Finances-Permanent Improvements.
CHAPTER XLV-HUTCHINSON, A CITY OF THE SECOND CLASS 336 Governor Marin Proclaims Hutchinson a City of the Second Class in 1886- City Divided Into Wards-Street Car Line Franchise-Aid to Railroads-City Elections-City Boundary Line Extended-A City Boom-Construction of a Sewer System-An Enterprising Editor-Council and Mayor at Outs -- City Warrants Discounted-More Aid Granted Railroads-City Building Pur- chased-The Coming of Natural Gas-City Finances-Carnegie Library Offer Accepted-Interesting Financial Expedients-Street Paving-Drainage Ditch-Street Car Line Franchise-Commission Form of Government.
CHAPTER XLVI-HUTCHINSON AS A CITY OF THE FIRST CLASS. 350 New Form of City Government-First Meeting of the Commissioners- Early Acts of the Board-Internal Improvement Bonds Ordered by Popular Election-Street Improvements-Move to Make Hutchinson a City of the First Class-The Convention Hall-Public Band Concerts-Recent City Elections-Automobile Parking-Sunday Closing-Further Improvements Ordered.
CHAPTER XLVII-THE SALT INDUSTRY 356 The Rock Salt Deposit in Reno County-First Knowledge and Use of Native Salt-Later Discovery of the Rock Salt and Quick Development of Its Production-The First Salt Plants-Expansion of the Salt Market-Yearly Output of the Field-Consolidation of the Industry-Log of the Drill -- Analysis of the Brine.
CHAPTER XLVIII-BUILDING UP THE SALT INDUSTRY. 366 Rebates on Freight Shipments-Investigation by Interstate Commerce Com- mission-Judgment of the Commission-Healthy Growth of the Salt Busi- ness, which is now an Important Factor in the Business Life of the City.
CHAPTER XLIX-LOCATING THE PACKING HOUSE 372
Subsistence of the Boom Left Hutchinson in a Bad Way-R. M. Easley Makes "Ten-strike" in Contracting with Packing House to Come to Hutchin- son-Overcoming Many Obstacles-Tremendous Efforts of Local Commit- tee Finally Rewarded with Success.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER L-SODA-ASH PLANT AND STRAWBOARD WORKS. 377 First Soda-Ash Plant and Its Subsequent Development-The Strawboard Works-Other Industries.
CHAPTER LX-THE SCHOOLS OF HUTCHINSON 381
First School in Reno County and the First Teachers-School District No. 1 Organized-Issue of Bonds for School Purposes-Gradual Growth of the Schools-Buildings-Complete System of Records-The Alumni Associa- tion-Superintendents of City Schools-Notable Record of Teaching Service.
CHAPTER LII-THE Y. M. C. A. AND Y. W. C. A. 486 First Young Men's Christian Association in 1876-Another Attempt in 1885- Organization of the Present Association in 1909-Splendid Work of the Organization and Its Present Healthy Condition-The Young Women's Christian Association.
CHAPTER LIII-THE WEATHER 390 Complete Weather Records of Reno County from January, 1874.
HISTORICAL INDEX
A
Abbyville-
Bank 252, 253 1
Location
313
1
1
1 1 I 1 Mail Service 224
1 1 I Name 313 1 I
Newspaper 241
Postmasters 218 I I 1
Schools
230
1
1
Railroad 313
1 Albion Township 120 1
Alfalfa, First
86
Arkansas River 1 I
45
Arlington- Bank 251, 253
Beginning of 31] 1
1 Mail Service 224
Name
311
1
Newspaper
240
1
Postmasters
220, 312
1
Schools
229, 312
Townsite 311
Arlington Township 123
Assessor, County 186
Assessor's Valuations
181.
184
B
Bank Statistics 253
Banks 250
I Baptist Church 24. 1
245
Bar, The 254
Bench and Bar
254
Birth, First 82
Bond Elections, Early 172
Bonds of School Districts 226
Bonds of the County 172, 184
Bones, Buffalo 65
Booth
221
Boundary Lines 71
Buffalo
60
Buffalo Bones
65
Buffalo Grass 43, 60
Buffalo, The Last 88
Buhler-
Bank
252, 253
Location
314
Mail Service 224 1
Mill
213
Newspaper
241
Postmasters
219
Townsite
314
C
Castleton
221, 224, 252. 312
Castleton Township
111. 113, 245
Catholic Church 245
Cattle Industry 67
Cattle Men
67
Cemetery, First
82
Census Roll, 1872
104
Center Township
111, 113, 179, 244
Chisholm Trail
68
Christian Church 245
Churches, First
243
Civil War Soldiers
269
Clay Township
113, 180
Clerks of County
9, 146
Clerks of District Court 99, 142
Climatology
390
Commissioner Districts 129
Commissioners, County
98. 100, 129
Community Music
306
Company E, State Militia 299
Congregational Church 244, 245
Consolidated Rural Schools
228
Coronado
45
Coroners 99, 162
County Assessor 186
County Attorneys 99. 151
County Clerks
99, 146
1
I 1
1
1
HISTORICAL INDEX.
County Commissioners
98. 100,129
County Expenditures 184
County Fairs 206
County Finances
181
County Medical Society
249
County Officers, First
yy
County Organized
98
County Superintendents
235
County Surveyor
99
Court House
174
Cow Creek
49, 201. 327. 329
D
Darlow
221, 224
Death. First
82
Disaster, Year of 94
District Court
263
District Court, Clerks of.
99. 142
District Court. First Case in
144
District Court. Judges of
259, 264
Doctors, Early
247
Drainage Canal
52
E
Early Bond Elections 172
Early Conditions of County 42
Early Explorations
33
Early Farming
199
Early Land Surveys
79
Early Lawyers of Reno County 255
Early Music
306
Early Settlers
76
Early Trails
67
Easley. Ralph M.
189. 238. 339, 372
Education
225
Elections
124
Elmer
314
Enterprise Township
121
Explorations of the West
53
F
Fairs
206
Farming. Early 199 1 1
Farm Statistics, Early 316 1 1
Finances of County
181
First Churches
243
First Things
82
Forty-five Years in Reno 316
Fowler, Jacob
39, 47
Frosts
397
Fruit Growing
204
G
Game, Wild
43
Geese, Wild
42
Grain Business
211
Grant Township.
110, 114, 179, 202, 245
Grasshopper Plague
68, 94
Grove Township
117, 119
H
Hamburg 219
Haven-
Bank
251
Beginning of
312
Incorporation
313
Mail Service
224, 312
Mill
213
Name
312
Newspapers
240, 241
1
Postmasters
1
219
1
Railroads
312
1
Haven Township
111, 112
Hayes Township
120, 180
Herd Law
102, 200
Hide Hunters
65
High Schools, Rural
229
Home Guards
300
Hospitals
249
Huntsville Township
121
Hutchinson-
A City of the Frst Class 350
A City of the Second Class
336
A City of the Third Class
324
Banks
250. 253
Beginning of
319
Boom Days
338
Bonds
179
1
1
Boundary Lines 1 I 337
1
Board of Trade
312
1
1
Carnegie Library
1
346
Census of 1880
1
331
Churches, Early
243
City Building
343
Commission Government
351
Convention Hall
352
Doctors, Early
247
I
1
1
1
HISTORICAL INDEX.
Hutchinson-
Drainage Canal 52
Early Conditions 327
Early Events
319
Elections
324, 353
Finances
333, 334
Fire Protection
332, 334
Floods
51
Free City Delivery
222
Gas Franchise
334
Grain Business
312
Hitching Post Question
326
Hospitals
249
Incorporation as City
324
Industries
339, 356, 366, 377, 379
Improvements
329
Lawyers
255
Library Started
044
License Problem
328, 331
Mail Service
214, 224
Mills
212
Music
306
Natural Gas
343
Newspapers
238, 242
Ordinances, First
324
Packing House
339, 372
1
1
Postal Receipts
223
Postmasters
217
Public Utilities
331
Public Improvements
1
329
Railroad Aid 342 1 1 1
Salt Industry
366
School Bonds
381
Schools
381
Sewer Construction 346
Sidewalks Constructed 377
Strawboard Works
579
Superintendents of Schools
384
Temperance Town
102
Townsite 320
Tree Planting 330
Water Plant, Early 1
1
92
Waterworks
334
Weather
390
Y. M. C. A. 386
Y. W. C. A. 388
Hutchinson & Arkansas River R. R. 367 Hutchinson & Southern Railroad ___ 193
Hutchinson, C. C., 72, 74, 75, 77, 98 102, 105, 165, 171, 176. 247, 250, 319, 321.
I
Indebtedness, Bonded, of County 178, 184
Indebtedness of School Districts
220
Indian Customs
58
Indians
5-
Indian Scares
78, 299
J
Judges of Probate Court
99, 135, 260
Juvenile Court Work
138
K
Kansas State Fair Association
209
L
Land Surveys, Early
79
Langdon-
Bank
251, 253
Incorporation
314
Location
314
1
Mail Service
224
1
1
1
1
Newspaper
240
1
I
I
Postmasters
220
I
1
I
Schools
230
I
1
1
Langdon Township
115
1
Lawsuit, First
110
Legal Profession
254
Lerado
222, 241
Leslie
221
Lewis-Clark Expedition
34
Lincoln Township
114
Little River Township 111, 112, 179, 180
Loda Township
119, 120
Long Expedition
34
Louisiana Purchase
34
M
Machine-gun Company
303
Mail Routes
214
Marriage, First 82 1 1
Marriage Licenses
1
1
1
1
139
Medford Township
I
Medical Society
249
1
Medora
221. 314
Methodist Church
243, 245
Miami Township
117
Military Record
269. 299
1
1
116
Medical Profession
1
1
247
1
1
Municipal Bonds
309, 353
HISTORICAL INDEX.
Mills,
200. 212
Missouri Pacific Railroad 188
Music 306
Musical Jubilee
307
N
Netherland
222
Newspapers 237
Nickerson-
.
Bank
252
Beginning of
310
I
Bonds
180
Churches, Early
245
Incorporation
311
Mail Service
224. 311
Newspapers
240, 311
Postmasters
217
Railroad Interests
183
Schools
311
Townsite
310
Nickerson College
235
Nickerson Township, See Grant Township.
Vinnescah Creek 53
Ninnescah Township 123
Ninth Judicial District
263
North Hayes Township
117
Olcott 241
Orchards 204
Organization of Townships 110
Organizing the County 98
Osage Indians
54
Osage Trust Lands
57
P
Partridge-
Location 313
A I Mail Service 224
Name
313
Newspaper 241 1 1 1
Postmasters
218
Railroads
013
Schools 230
Physical Appearance of County 42
Physicians, Early 247
Pike, Zebulon
46
Political Parties
Press, the
327
Pretty Prairie
221, 224, 241, 251, 253
Plevna-
Bank
252, 253
Location
314
Mail Service
224
Newspaper
241
1
L
1
Postmasters
218
I
1
Schools
230
I
1
Plevna Township
121
1
1
1
1
Postmasters
1
I
1
1
1
216
Postoffices
214
1
1
1
Powder Explosion
89
1
1
Prairie Dogs
43
1
I
1
I
1
Prairie Fires
202
1
1
I
1
1
Precipitation
1
I
397
1
Presbyterian Church
244
Primary Law
127
Probate Judges
99. 135, 260
Prohibition Question
125
R
Railroads __ 73, 88, 176, 182, 188, 193, 367
Rainfall
397
Rebate Hearings 367
Red Cross Society
249
Register of Deeds
99. 156
Reno Center
218
Reno County High School
235
Reno County Medical Society
Reno Township
110, 181
Representatives
165
Roads
174
Rock Island Railroad 88
Roscoe Township
121
Rural Free Delivery
1
223
Rural High Schools
229
Rural Schools
228
S
Salt Creek 5.3
Salt Creek Township
115, 116
Salt Creek Village 218
Salt Industry
356. 366
School Districts 225
School Statistics
231
Schools
225
Senators, State
170
Settlement of the County
76
1
t
249
1
1
HISTORICAL INDEX.
Sheriff 99
Silo, First 87
Spanish-American War 1 I
301
Standardized Schools I
I
230
Star Mail Routes
I
214
State Fair 207 I 1 F
I State Militia 299 1
State Senators I
170
State Tax
1
Streams
45
Sumner Township
119
Superintendents of County Schools
110. 235
Surveys, Early Sylvia City-
79
Bank
251. 252. 253
Bonds
180
Mail Service
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