History of Reno County, Kansas; its people, industries and institutions, Vol I, Part 2

Author: Ploughe, Sheridan, b. 1868
Publication date: 1917
Publisher: Indianapolis, Ind., B. F. Bowen & company, inc.
Number of Pages: 448


USA > Kansas > Reno County > History of Reno County, Kansas; its people, industries and institutions, Vol I > Part 2


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36


224


Mill


213


Newspapers 1 I 1


240, 241


Postmasters


217


Sylvia Township


122


T


Temperature 390


Tharp, Zeno


115, 116, 237


Threshing Machine, First


82


Township Organizations


110


Towns of Reno County


310


Trails, Early


67


Treasurer


99


Treaties with Indians


55


Troy Township


115, 116


Turon-


Bank


251


Location


314


Mail Service


224


Mill


213


Name


315.


Postmasters 220 1 1 1 1 1


Townsite


1


1


1


I


315


U


Universalist Church


24


V


Valley Township


111, 202


Valuations


181, 184


Veterans of Civil War in Reno


209


W


Walnut Township


122


Water and Light Plant, Early


92


Weather Records


390


Wild Game


43


Wild Geese


42


I 1 Wilkinson, Lieutenant 41


World War


303


1


Y


Yoder


219


Yoder Township


117


Z


Zenith


217


I


I


I


I


I


1


I


I


t


1


1


1


I


1


1


1


1


1


1


1


I


1


1


1


1


1


184


BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX


A


Abel, Josiah W. 274


Aelmore, Martin A 491


Akin, Rev. Dudley D., D.D. 322


Allmon, Elbert


O


382


Anderson, Joel M. 208


Armour, Thomas G.


101


Ash, Fred W. 461 1


Asher, Arthur 62


Astle, George 252 1 1 1 t


B


Bailey, J. N 775


Bailey, Joe F. 457 1


Bain, Millard F. 661


1 1 Ballard, Benjamin F 511


Bangs, Merwin


243


1


1


Barr, Walter G. 757 1 1 1


Barrett, George


232


Barrett, M. L.


623


Barrett, Nelson T


183


Barton, Edward E


760


Bay, C. M


528


Bay, Clyde


1 740


Bay, Delmar 507


Bear, Arthur M. 439 1 1


Beck, Konrad C. 517


Bennett, Capt. William R 296


Bigger, Leander A 714


Bixler, Thurman J 282


Bloom, Charles


144


Boehm, John


263


Bonnet, Lee


527


Coleman, Monroe


389


Collingwood, J. M. 768


Collingwood, John A 681


Collingwood, Mrs. Mary


748


Comes, John W. 384


Cone, William R., D.D.S. 203


Conkling, Charles A.


707


Connelly. William M. 470


1


Brown, Harlow B.


764


Brown, Morrison H.


291


Brown, William A


303


Buettner, J. H.


550


Burgess, William 387 1 1


Burris, Martin 256 1 1


Buser, Atlee M.


626


Bush, Charles


405


1 Bush, James M 659


Buskirk, James E.


639


I


I


1


1


1


Bussinger, Martin


72


Byers, O. P.


697


C


Cain, Morris R. 614


Calbert, Robert E. L


747


Campbell, John H


283


Campbell, John W.


378


Cantwell, George W


674


Carey, Hon. Emerson 33


Carpenter, Fred H


275


Carr, William E. 217 I


Carson, William FF 121 T 1


Catte, Joseph


371


Chamberlain, Grant


486


368


Chubbuck, Willis J. 530


54


Citizens Bank of Hutchinson, The_ Claybaugh, C. W


327


Clothier, J. B .. 568


Coffman, Capt. George T.


560


Coleman, Lewis W. 429


1


1


Bowman, Eli 196


Bowser, George R.


160


162


Brainard, Capt. Jesse 192


Branch, Charles M.


55


Branine, Judge Charles 36


Brewer, Elmer . I 271


1


1 1


I I 1


I


1


I


I 1


1


I


I


1


I 1


1


1 Bowser, Lemon I 1 I


Chapin, Cornelius ()


BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.


Cook, Fred W., D.V.S. 52


Cook, J. W. 776


Cooper, S. Leslie 774


Cooter, Fred W


117


Cooter, George W


264


Copeland, Cornelius B 418


Cost, Frank H. 684


Crabbs, Abraham


B


366


Crawley, William P 720


Crotts, Samuel M


588


Crow, Edward G.


719


Crow, George


277


Crow. William 320 I 1


Curnutt, Henry G.


151


1


D


Dade. Arthur 174


1 Dade, Ernest 546 1 1


Dade. Richard G


656


1


I


Danford, E. F


632


1


1


Danford, Isaiah


221


Danford, Louis P.


728


Davies, John M


245


1 Dean, Albert A 703 I


Deatz, A. J


586


I 1 Deck, Peter 373 1


I Decker. Thomas J 670


Dick, James I.


478


Dillon, Franklin E I 267


Dixon. Albert P.


1


215


Dunn, George W


493


Dunn. F. M.


489


Dunsworth, Buckner W.


383


Duvall. Hunter J., M.D 562


F


Eastman, Byron A 723


Eastman, Wilbur B. 570


Elliott, Alpheus E 272


Ellis, Peres


424


I Erker, George A 730


Eskelson, Swan 155 1


Everett, Elmer


I


I


Į 536


F


Fairchild, William G.


85


Fall. George T. 624


Farley, Joseph P 218


Farrell, Rev. William M 286


Farthing, Peter R. 520


Farthing, Sylvester


261


Fearl, Frank E.


672


Ferguson, James E


295


Fernie, George K 450


Field, Hon. F. C. 312 1 1


Firebaugh, Frank F


495


Fontron Family, The


134


Forsha, Fred A.


738


Fountain, Albert S., M.D 552


Fraser. Thomas J


494


G


Gantz, George R 622


Gaston, Samuel D


112


Gibson, Charles


370


1


Giles, Benjamin E


138


Glass, John W. 107 I


L Graham, Robert J 146 1


Gray. George T


363


J


Graybill, Samuel S


1


I


288


Grayson, John W.


1


I


512


T


Green, James


496


Guymon, Edward T


64


H


Hadley. Levi P.


104


Hall. Justus


O


437


1


1


Hall, Ross E. I 299


Hamilton, Frank


D.


226


Handy, Edward S.


185


1 1 Harden, Albert E 178 1


Hardy, Noalı 541 I 1 1


1 Harms, Henry W 612 1 1


1


1


Harris, Walter B.


133


1


1


Harsha, John P


I 82


1 Hartford, Col. Henry 1 200 1


Hartmann, Henry P


509


Harvey, Royal M 655


Haston, James 780


Haston, Samuel


412


1


Hedrick. Capt. John


M


77


Herr. J. Nevon 57


Herren, Isaac W. 756


Hershberger, Randall P


195


Hiatt. Charles E


779


Mickey, John


650


Hickman, Overton


572


1


I


I


1


1 1 1


1


1 I


1


1


1


1


I


1


1


I


1


1


BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.


Hickman, William H. 11. 631


Hill, Harrison 410


Hinds, David H. 667


Hinman, Milton


E


709


Hinshaw, William


584


1


1


Hirst, Frederick


119


1


Hirst, George 80 I


Hirst, William


96


1


1


Hitchcock, Charles O I I


361


Hoagland, Ben S.


573


Hoagland, Lieut. Martin


396


Hodge, L. D


503


Hodgson, Herbert


C.


314


Hodgson, William


336


Hodgson, William


519


Holaday, Harry E., D.V.S.


734


Holdeman, A. R.


783


Hornbaker, Finley D. 504


Hoskinson, George W.


348 .


Housinger. Nicholas


743


Howell. Ed. G.


409


Huckleberry, Andrew J., Jr.


157


Hudson, William L


380


Hurd, E. R


630


Hutton, Emmett


259


Hutton & Oswald.


258


Hutton, Samuel F


606


J


Jennings, Thomas 583


Jessup, Barclay 319 I 1 1


Jewell, Warren D. 593 1 1 1


1 1 1 1 1 Johnson, Arthur W. 428


1 1 1 Johnson, Jesse W. 675


Johnson, William H 451 1


1 Jones, Peter 182 1


Jones, Robert S. 596 1 1


1 Jones, Walter F 543


Justice, Richard 581


Justus, J. F


771


K


Kautzer, John D. 342


Kellams, James C. 431


1 Kelling, Henry 415 1


1 Kennedy, Thomas K 498


King, David H.


616


King, Joseph W 646


Klein, Frank F.


712


Koontz, George M.


364


Krocker, George T.


11,7


L


Lambert, Charles .


315


Larabee, Frederick D


602


Layman, Roscoe C.


308


Leatherman, William


508


Lee. George W.


416


Leighty. Stephen S. 176


Leonrod, George von, M.D.


640


Leslie, John F


628


Loc, William


472


Long, William E


269


Lovelace, James


R


300


Mc


McCandless, Archibald


598


McCowan, Samuel


350


McDermed. Frank M 213


Mc Dermed, Robert F


566


McIlrath, James H


688


Mckeown, B.


677


Mckinstry, James 553 1 1 1 1 1


McLaughlin, T. R.


1


280


1


1


McLeod, Hector K


1


I


110


1


Mc Murry, James F


136


M


Mackay, James B.


54


1


Magwire, Frank


240


1


Markham, John J 434


Marshall, Elmer E.


657


1 Martin, Edward T. 351


Martin, Frank A I 402


1 Martin, Hon. Frank I 331


1


Mastellar. D. H


607


Meyer. Dietrich 488


1 I Meyer, Eugene I 39 1 1


Miller. Clark C. 732 I


Miller, Eugene T.


732


Miller. William H 249


Mills, James


317


Mitchell, Hon. William H 48


Moore, David


579


Moore. Rev. Daniel M .. D.D 67


Moore, Marcellus


236


Morgan, Hon. William


440


I


BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.


Mourn, George W 165


Mueller, William. Jr 325


Myers, Dr. James 188


Myers, John .. 224 1 1


Z


Nafzinger. John 532


Nation. Pet 76


Neeley, Hon. George


-


44


1


Nelson. James


432


1


Nelson, John W


I


604


Nelson, Peter .1


211


Nettleton, Adelbert M.


229


Neuenschwander, Henry


154


Nicholson, George


426


O


Obee, Louis H 548


Olmstead, Oscar W 175


Oswald, Charley W 258


P


Parish, James W 375


Payne, Walter W 699


Pearson, William 148


1 1 Peckham, Charles W 352


1


Peirce, Walter C.


344


I 1 Penney, James 131


Pennington, William


R.


544


Peterson, Arthur |


339


340


1 Ploughe, Sheridan 752 I 1


Potter, James C. 617 1 1 1


I I Potter, John W 678 1 I I 1 1


I 1 1 I 1 Potter, Martin H 635


Poulton, Irvin W


448


1


1


1 Presby, Wilbur F 634 I


Price, Rhys R.


762


I


J


Priddle, Vincent t


171


Prigg, Hon. Frank 557


I Puterbangh, Samuel G. 70


R


Rabe, Henry 620)


Ramsey, Herbert 223


Rayl, Levi


482


Ream, William B. 413


Reed, John . 1 92


Reichenberger, Nicholas 745


Reynolds, Melvin J. 140


Rexroad, William W. 310


Rice. Thomas J


376


Richhart, David E 115 1


Rickenbrode, Harvey 460 Roberts, Pierce C. 126 1


Rowland, John 683


Rowland, Prof. Stewart P


86


Rutherford, Gordon S


642


Ryker, Charles


60


S


Sallee, Garrett 167


Sanders, John R.


407


Scales, Herbert L., M.D


559


Schardein, Fred


199


Schardein, John 181 1 1


Scheble, Alfred R.


515


Schlaudt, Arthur H 1


447


Schmitt, E. B.


294


Schoonover, John U


1 1 608 I I


Scedle, Charles


Shafer, Omaha T


1


1


1 172


Shea, Patrick


456


Shircliff, Edward E


592


Shive, Eads E. 741


Short, George B.


164


Shuler, William D


99


Shuyler, John S.


578


Sidlinger, Samuel H .. M.D. 41


Siegrist, Arthur


231


Siegrist, George W


524


Siegrist, Jacob L


328


Simmons, John S


98


1 Skeen, Mrs. Elizabeth 1 400


Slavens, Oscar R.


1 576


Smith, Charles H


1 686


Smith, E. B., A.M. 706


Smith, Fay


1 467


Smith, Isaac 254 I 1 1


Smith, James W 228 1 1 1


Smith, John


I


522


1 I Smith, Parke 292 1


I 1 Smith, Wilson 1 1 I 1 142


1 Snyder. Charles M 5,39 1 1


1 Specht, Robert T., . 443


Spencer, Orlando


770


Spencer, Ornaldo


770


1


1


1


1


1


1


1


I 1


1


I


1


1


I


I


1


1


I


1 1 653 1


Peterson, Charles


1


I


BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.


Sponsler, Alfred 1. 304


Sponsler, William 564


Spront, John 772


Sprout, James


459


1


1


Stecher, Christian


480


Stevens, Nelson P 701


Stevens, Rev. William B 454


Stewart, Richard A., M.D. 767


Streeter, Ray G.


534


Suter, Arthur H


123


Swarens, Albert I 168


Switzer, Alexander M


392


T


Taylor, Carr W. 444


Taylor, Harry H 124


Teed. Edson L 465


Thacher, Mowry S., M.D. 679


Thompson, Henry S.


1


1


1 1 479


Thorp, Fred W 1


220


Thurman, J. S. 247


Turbush, George


159


1


U


Updegrove, Jacob B


347


V


Z


Van Eman, William J


234


Vincent, Hon. Frank


500


W


Waddles, Howard 753


Wagoner, Charles E. 128


Wall, David L. 690


Wall, Mrs. Henrietta Briggs 692


Watson, Lawson 663


Weesner, Fred 391


Wells, Charles A 755 1 1


Wespe, Oscar S 600 1 1


Wheeler, J. () 1 4 1 1 1 I 143


Whinery, Lorenzo V 648 1


Whiteside, Houston


205


Wiley, Francis M 665


Wiley, Vernon M 475


Williams, Judge Charles M 190


Williams, Walter F. 758


Winchester, Charles S. 513


Winsor, George R


453


Withroder, John 638


Wittorff, John 643


Wolcott, Frank D. 704


Wooddell, Charles N


652


Woods, Mrs. Mary M. (Lippitt ) 736


Y


Yaggy, Edward E 88


Young. Jacob A


118


Yust, George H


420


Zimmerman, George


238


Zimmerman, John S


474


1


1


669


Thompson, Will S. 1


HISTORICAL


CHAPTER I.


EARLY EXPLORATIONS OF THE WEST.


The obtaining from France of the land known as the Louisiana Pur- chase, in 1803, met with the most violent opposition in the New England states. Even the Revolutionary War had failed to teach those who lived along the Atlantic coast the value of a wider national policy than that which they had been following. These segregated colonies had found that a closer union added greatly to their advantage-in fact, had been their salvation in their early struggle with England. They had found it impossible to main- tain themselves without the compact under which they obtained their inde- pendence. But when the war was over, the advantages of uniting to build a greater nation seemed to have no place in their minds. They wanted no larger union. They wanted no more states, unless it be by division of the thirteen original states. From the people of New England, particularly, came opposition to Jefferson and his expansion policy. They had no vision of empire such as had inspired France when she explored the territory of the West: when her missionaries were among the Indians with the Cross; when her frontiersmen were naming the streams and her hunters were becoming opulent in their fur and peltry trade. With singular shortsightedness, the Americans at that period hugged to their breasts their early patrimony. They had no desire for the possession of any land west of the Mississippi river. To the French their giving up of their dream of an empire on the American continent, that had inspired their statesmen, was one that only the exigencies could end. The condition of affairs in France made the sale of Louisiana a war necessity, not only for the money it brought to their treasury, but to keep the land from falling into the hands of their enemies as a prize of war.


(3)


34


RENO COUNTY, KANSAS.


To the people of New England, the purchase of Louisiana seemed a use- less squandering of money. "The sale of a wilderness has not usually com- manded so high a price," said one anti-Jefferson Federalist of that time. AAnother recalled that Ferdinando Gorges received but twelve hundred and fifty pounds for the province of Maine, and that William Penn gave but sixteen thousand pounds for the tract that bears his name. "Weigh it," adds still another, "and there will be four hundred and thirty-three tons of silver. Load it into wagons and there will be eight hundred and sixty-six of them. Place these wagons in line, giving to each two rods, and they will cover a distance of five and one-third miles."


While the purchase of Louisiana met with this violent opposition, yet this was but a small matter compared to the feeling that was stirred up when it was proposed to admit to the Union a state from territory outside of the territory of the thirteen original states. One of the distinguished representatives from Massachusetts. Josiah Quincy, declared that if Louis- iana was admitted to the Union of states, that "the bonds of the Union were, virtually, dissolved: that the states that compose it are free from moral obligations, and that as it will be the right of all, it will be the duty of some. to prepare. definitely, for a separation, amicably, if they can, vio- lently if they must."


With such a sentiment against the West, it was somewhat remarkable that Congress could be induced to vote any money for any expedition that had for its purpose the development of the West. Only outside dangers could have induced the narrow-minded New Englander to give up his pre- judice and join with others in authorizing an expedition such as was pro- posed to send into the West.


Among the things that led to this new policy was the disastrous failure of the Missouri Fur Company, and the similar failure of the Astor project along the Columbia river. These two things, and the activity of the British among the Indians in the north, combined to make the proposed expedition suddenly a very popular one. But to overcome the criticism against further western development, President Monroe and John C. Calhoun, secretary of state, favored a strong military expedition to the Northwest. Some of the more liberal men of Congress grew enthusiastic in this enterprise and wanted to go farther and make a formidable showing of national authority along the upper sources of the Missouri river, and to restore the rights the United States had obtained under the Treaty of Ghent along the Columbia river.


35


RENO COUNTY, KANSAS.


To carry out these plans, Major Stephen Il. Long was selected to head the expedition.


Major Long was to be accompanied by a corp of assistants chosen both from civil and military life. A very pretentious force was to be put into the field. Major Biddle was selected to keep the journal of the expedition. There was also added to the party Doctor Baldwin, botanist, Doctor Say. zoologist; Doctor Jessup, geologist; Mr. Peale, assistant naturalist; Mr. Seymour, sketcher and painter, also Lieutenant Graham and Cadet Swift, topographical assistants. The party, including soldiers, numbered between six hundred and seven hundred people. It was called the Yellowstone ex- pedition.


But the expedition never accomplished any of the purposes for which it was organized. In fact, the whole enterprise did a great deal more damage than it ever did good. It demoralized the whole matter of western explora- tion and development. It was the intention of the promoters of the Yellow- stone expedition to proceed up the Missouri river in vessels from St. Louis. The ship-building proposition fell into the hands of an unscrupulous charac- ter, named Johnson, who was to build and equip the vessel needed to make the trip. Johnson failed to keep his contract and a large percentage of the money appropriated for the purpose was squandered. The matter was later investigated by Congress and the report, which was against Johnson, recom- mended legal proceeding to recover the money he had wrongfully obtained.


This gave a bad name to the whole matter of opening up the West and Northwest. The absurd extravagance that characterized the whole matter disgusted Congress. It was shown that Long could have kept the entire command in the field for five years and explored the whole territory west of the Mississippi and east of the Rocky mountains on the money that had been wasted. So the Yellowstone expedition was abandoned and another one planned, that was only a small part of the original project.


According to the new plan, the "Western Engineer," the vessel that caused the scandal, started from St. Louis on June 9. 1849. The boat was seventy-five feet long, with a thirteen-foot beam, drawing nineteen inches of water. The vessel carried three small brass cannon. They reached Ft. Osage on July 19, 1819, and on August I reached Isle de Vache, near where Leavenworth is now. The party stayed there until August 25. From that point they divided into smaller parties, each making short exploration trips through the country, near the Missouri river. They resumed their trip on August 25 and reached Ft. Lisa, where they went into winter quar-


36


RENO COUNTY, KANSAS.


ters. Major Long remained with the expedition about two weeks, when he went back to Washington to spend the winter. He was severely criticized for his inactivity and for going into winter quarters in Septem- ber, in a latitude that made this the most enjoyable time of the year to pursue his plans. During the time his party were to remain in winter quarters, they were to make short excursions, gathering all the information obtainable about the country and making as many friends with the Indians as pos- sible.


While Major Long was in Washington, the shorter trip of exploration was arranged. Long returned to his company at Ft. Lisa in the spring, and on June 6, 1820, the entire party left their winter quarters. They reached the Pawnee village on the Loup fork of the Platte river on June 11, 1820. When they reached the village of the Grand Pawnee, they found the Indians too busy hunting to see them. Very little was accomplished with this tribe of Indians, but an attempt was made to introduce vaccination among the Indians. Smallpox had broken out among this, as well as many other Indian tribes, and had greatly reduced their numbers. On June 13. 1820, the expedition camped on the Platte river about where Grand Island is now. Continuing their march westward, they saw the Rocky mountains on June 30. On July 5 they camped about where Denver now stands. After resting for four days, the party resumed its march and, on July 12, camped about twenty-five miles from Pike's Peak. They measured its altitude and Doctor James, with two men, made the ascent of the peak, the first white man to do this arriving at the top at 2 p. m., July 14, 1820. They calculated its height at about eight thousand five hundred and seven feet above the plains. which was probably five thousand seven hundred above the sea level. They also discovered another peak, which they named after the head of the expe- dition, "Long's Peak."


The party continued its march southward and reached the Arkansas river, about where LaJunta is now, on July 21. Here they divided the expe- dition. Captain Bell, Lieutenant Swift, three Frenchmen and five soldiers were sent down the Arkansas river, while the balance of the party continued their march southward. proceeding to the source of the Red river, intend- ing to follow it till it flowed into the Arkansas at Ft. Smith. Both parties started on their trips, July 24, 1820. Captain Bell and his party reached the Great Bend in the river on August 9.


As they advanced, they kept about a mile from the stream on the north


37


RENO COUNTY, KANSAS.


side of the river, in order to avoid the sand drift along the river banks, that made traveling difficult. Each night they would camp on the river in order to have water and also because they were thus able to find driftwood which they could use for firewood for cooking their meat. They lived off the land as far as possible and found plenty of elk, deer, buffalo and other wild game. Their description of the country at that time is interesting. The weather was hot. They experienced a severe storm early in August, a typical northwest rain, with which the early settlers of this country were so familiar. It was an exceedingly hot day. Late in the afternoon a heavy cloud from this northwest came up and the rain fell in torrents. The light- ning was terrible and the wind blew down their tents. Their horses wandered off with the storm, and they had no means of lighting a fire that night, all the wood being soaked


Captain Bell's description of the country at that time is exceedingly interesting. especially in view of the report made by Major Long as to the quality of the land he traversed. The grass was described as luxuriant ; along the river the sunflowers were abundant and very long. This would seem to show that the claim of the Mormons that they carried the sunflower seed with them when they went to Utah is unfounded, as Long's trip ante- dated the Mormon expeditions west more than a score of years. They reached Cow creek about sundown on August 12, 1820. Whether the point where they crossed Cow creek was where Hutchinson now stands, or near the mouth of the stream, is not disclosed in the description of these trips. As will be referred to later, it is probable at that time Cow creek did not run in the same channel it now runs in, but followed the low ground at the foot of the Sand hills, flowing through what used to be Brandy lake and then on south to the river.


Long's men continued down the river and later in the fall they were joined at Ft. Smith by the part of the expedition that branched off at La Junta and followed the Red river. The Arkansas party reached Ft. Smith much ahead of the others, and remained there awaiting the arrival of Long. Together, the party continued down the Arkansas to St. Louis, and from there made their way back to Washington, where Major Long made his report to the President and the secretary of state.


Long's expedition was a great disappointment to the President and to Congress. It was eagerly seized on by all those opposed to the expansion of territorial lines. Outside of the money that was squandered on the enter-


38


RENO COUNTY, KANSAS.


prise. the report of Long was such that, instead of promoting the develop- ment of the territory covered in the purchase from France, it really retarded the settlement of the country. In his report, Long fairly stated the condi- tions as he saw things. He spoke of the vastness of the plains, of the great multitude of buffalo, of the abundance of all kinds of game, and of the fact that the entire country was well watered and well drained. He reported very little about the Indians, as he saw but few of them. Long had the idea that so generally prevailed of the West. The people of that time saw 110 necessity for more territory. Their vision was bounded by their own small interests. The vastness of the West, with their method of transpor- tation. blinded them to the possible development of their new territory. The nation that was to grow up and settle this country was to be the work of a generation ahead of them. It was in great contrast with the view the French held regarding the same territory. To them it contained a new France. Visions of an empire were in the brains of her chancellors. They saw beyond the Mississippi a territory, vast and fertile, free from the jealousies of European nations. They saw the vineyards of France reproduced in the low lands of the Missouri and the Kaw and the Platte. They saw a great empire arise. But their vision faded when Napoleon, under the stress of war, sold the empire of their dreams, lest it should fall as a prize of war into the hands of the enemy.


But Long saw nothing of this. To him it was a territory valuable as a protection against any nation attacking the United States on the west. Hle could see nothing of the states to be created out of the Louisiana Pur- chase. He could see the Indian tribes and the buffalo as the constant occu- pants of the land. To him it had nothing of promise, nothing of added resource to the handful of states along the Atlantic ocean. To him it had no mines to add to the wealth of the land ; no land to be subdued ; no cities to be built. But one thing alone he saw-and that, the negative side of the whole matter ; he saw the vast areas as barriers against a foreign foe. It was a matter of regret to the President and the people who supported the policy of Jefferson in the purchase of Louisiana, that such an unsatisfac- tory report was brought back. The spies sent out to view the land, as did those of Moses of ancient story, returned ladened with the riches of the land, but repeated again, as of old, the stories of the giants that lived in the land.


There were other explorers in the valley. One of the most interesting


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RENO COUNTY, KANSAS.


of them was Jacob Fowler. His biographer has published his records, just as they were written. His spelling is not just as we would spell the words today-in fact, he did not always follow his own style, but varied it as he desired. It is interesting on this account, in addition to the fact of the close observation that Fowler made and the accuracy of his statement.




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