USA > Kansas > Kansas; a cyclopedia of state history, embracing events, institutions, industries, counties, cities, towns, prominent persons, etc. with a supplementary volume devoted to selected personal history and reminiscence, Volume II > Part 78
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Each marker bears the inscription: "Santa Fe Trail, 1822-1872, Marked by the Daughters of the American Revolution and the State of Kansas, 1906." In a few instances a marker bears some special inscription in addition to the above. One case of this kind is at Council Grove, where the monument bears the regular inscription on the east side, and on the west side the following: "On this spot Aug. 10, 1825, the treaty was made with the Osage Indians for the right of way of the Santa Fe Trail."
The placing of these monuments has marked through the State of Kansas one of the historic highways of the nation- a highway whose complete history would fill a volume.
"It wound through strange scarred hills
Down cañons lone Where wild things screamed,
With winds for company ; Its milestones were the bones of pioneers."
Sarcoxie, a hamlet of Jefferson county, is located in Sarcoxie town- ship, 9 miles southeast of Oskaloosa, the county seat, and II miles
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north of Lawrence, from which place mail is supplied by rural delivery. The population in 1910 was 20.
Satanta, "White Bear," a noted Kiowa chief, was born about the year 1830. For about fifteen years prior to his death he was recognized as second chief in his tribe, being outranked by Satank and later by Lone Wolf, neither of whom equaled him in force and ability. For years his fighting qualities made his name one to be feared on the western fron- tier, and in council his eloquence gained for him the title of "orator of the plains." In spite of his hostility to the white man's civilization, he was a favorite with army officers and commissioners, who admired him for his directness and keen humor. In 1867, Henry M. Stanley, the famous explorer, then a young newspaper correspondent, accom- panied Gen. Hancock on his expedition to the Indian country, and under date of May 3, 1867, describes a pow-wow between Satanta and Gen. Hancock. Satanta attended the Medicine Lodge conference and signed the treaty of 1867, which provided that the Kiowas should go on a reservation. The tribe delayed coming in until compelled by Gen. Custer, who seized Satanta and Lone Wolf as hostages for the fulfill- ment of the agreement. For boasting of his part in a murderous raid in Texas in 1871, Satanta, 'Satank and Big Tree were arrested and held for trial. Satank was killed while resisting arrest, while his companions were tried and sentenced to life imprisonment in the Texas penitentiary. Two years later they were released, conditional upon the good behavior of the Kiowas, but in the fall of 1874, that tribe again going upon the warpath, Satanta was rearrested and taken back to the penitentiary. Growing despondent in confinement, he committed suicide by throwing himself from the upper story window of the hospital on March II, 1878. Satanta is described as a typical plains warrior, of fine physique, erect bearing and piercing glance. One who saw him in prison says he was "a tall, finely formed man, princely in carriage, on whom even the prison garb seemed elegant." His memory is cherished by the Kiowa as that of one of their greatest men.
Saunders, a hamlet in Rush county, is located 10 miles northwest of La Crosse, the county seat and usual shipping point, and 8 miles west of Liebenthal, the postoffice from which it receives mail.
Savage, Isaac O., writer, was born in Cayuga, N. Y., Sept. 30, 1833. He was educated in the public schools of that place and finished the academic course at Moravia in 1849, moving in that year to Fairfield, Lenawee county, Mich., where he was in school work until 1862. He was elected school inspector in 1854, and reëlected to the same office in 1856; held various city offices; and in 1855 married Miss Chloe Baker of Fairfield, Mich. In 1862 he enlisted in the Eighteenth Michigan infantry and was promoted to second lieutenant and regimental quar- termaster. He removed to Republic county, Kan., in 1870; was county treasurer for four years; was a member of the Kansas commission to the Centennial exposition at Philadelphia; was a member of the state board of agriculture; was elected to the state senate in 1876, and after
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that held numerous city, township and county offices. He is the author of a History of Republic county.
Savannah, a station on the Union Pacific R. R. in the northeast corner of Pottawatomie county, is located in Mill Creek township, about 23 miles northeast of Westmoreland, the county seat, and about 3 miles from Onaga, from which place it receives daily mail.
Savonburg, one of the incorporated cities of Allen county, is located in Elsmore township, near the southeast corner of the county, and about 18 miles from Iola, the county seat. It is a station on the Mis- souri, Kansas & Texas R. R., has a bank, a weekly newspaper (the Record), a large retail trade, good schools, and nearly all the leading fraternal organizations are represented by lodges. The town was founded in 1879, when the postoffice was established with John Keen as postmaster. The present postoffice does a money order business and has two rural routes starting from it. The population in 1910 was 257. In 1889 the Savonburg Improvement company was chartered and did so well in building up the town that it was incorporated in 1902.
Sawyer, a little town in Pratt county, is located in Paxon and Elm townships on the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe R. R., about 12 miles south of Pratt, the county seat. It has a bank, a telephone exchange, a weekly newspaper (the News), foundry and machine shop, a number of retail stores, schools, churches, telegraph and express offices, and a money order postoffice with one rural route. The population in 1910 was 275.
Saxman, one of the thriving villages of Rice county, is a station on the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe R. R., 9 miles southeast of Lyons, the county seat. It is a trading and shipping point, has a mill, an elevator, a bank, and a number of well stocked retail stores. It is supplied with telegraph and express offices, and has a money order postoffice. The population according to the census of 1910 was 150.
Sayre, Lucius Elmer, dean of the school of pharmacy in the Univer- sity-of Kansas, was born at Bridgeton, N. J., in 1847. After a prepara- tory course he entered the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, where he received the degrees of Ph. G. and Ph. M., and in 1896 he received the honorary B. S. degree from the University of Michigan. In 1874 he was united in marriage with Miss Ellen Platt; became an instructor in his Alma Mater in 1880 and remained there for five years; was also engaged in business as a manufacturing chemist from 1882 to 1885, when he came to his present position in the University of Kansas. In 1890 he was a member of the commission to revise the United States phar- macopœia ; since 1907 has been director of drug analysis for the Kansas state board of health, and is a member of the botanical staff of the state board of agriculture. Prof. Sayre is the author of a Chart of Materia Medica, Pharmacal Botany and the Essentials of Pharmacy, and is a contributor to several of the leading pharmacal journals.
Scammon, an incorporated city in Cherokee county, is located on the St. Louis & San Francisco R. R., 8 miles north of Columbus, the county
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seat. It has a bank, a weekly newspaper (the Scammon Miner), a theater, churches and schools, a large number of retail establishments, telegraph and express offices, and an international money order post- office with one rural route. This is one of the newer towns in Cherokee county. It was founded about 1885. In 1890 it was an incorporated town with 748 inhabitants. In 1900 the population was 1,549, and in 1910 it was 2,233. Coal of an excellent quality underlies the lands in the vicinity and is extensively mined. This is one of the largest coal shipping points in southwestern Kansas.
Scandia, an incorporated town of. Republic county, is located on the Republican river 10 miles west of Belleville, the county seat. It was settled by Scandinavians in 1869, the following being the first to arrive : M. Johnson, Charles Lesom, P. Walin, Mr. Lundin, John Strom, F. Granstadt, A. Bergen, A. Erickson, J. R. Sandel, John Holstrom and Peter Johnson. The first store was built in 1869 by J. R. Sandel. The building was 8 feet square and the goods invoiced $125. This was also the first store in Republic county. The first American flag to be raised in Kansas was raised by Capt. Pike near the site of Scandia in 1806. (See Pike's Expedition.)
Scandia was an important trading point in the early days, being in the line of the shortest route to the homestead country from Missouri, Iowa and Nebraska. It had the only ferry on the upper Republican and stage lines daily from Hanover, tri-weekly from Waterville, Junction City and Jewell, and weekly from White Rock and Solomon. Some of the early business men were L. C. Hanson, hotel; Wilson Bros., general store; Amos Coyle, drugs and groceries; A. T. Miller, groceries and provisions. The first railroad was the Missouri Pacific running north · and south, which reached Scandia in 1878. The Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific runs through Scandia east and west. The census of 1910 gave Scandia 579 inhabitants. It has five churches, 2 banks, a weekly newspaper (the Journal), telegraph, telephone and express offices, and a money order postoffice with three rural routes. The Kansas Gazetteer for 1909 lists 80 business and professional men in Scandia. It is a ship- ping point for grain, live stock and other farm products.
Schoemakers, John (originally spelled Schoenmacher), a Catholic missionary, son of Henry and Petronilla (Kamp) Schoenmacher, was born at Waspick, Langstaat, province of North Brabant, Holland, Nov. 20, 1807. He was ordained a priest in 1833 and immediately left Hol- land, landing in New York on Dec. 25, of that year. From there he went to Georgetown, Md., where he enrolled as a novice in the Society of Jesus on Jan. 16, 1834, and in July of that year went with others of the same society to St. Louis, remaining in and about that place till appointed superior of the Osage mission in Kansas by the Rt. Rev. P. R. Kendrick, bishop of St. Louis. The journey to the mission was made by caravan in company with other priests and he arrived at his destination on April 28, 1847. He was given charge of the two buildings which were then in process of construction. In one of these Father
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Schoemakers opened a boarding school for Indian boys within a few days after his arrival, and having secured some Loretto sisters from Kentucky, a boarding school for girls was opened on Oct. 10 of the same year. Father Schoemakers remained at the mission during his life and not only took care of the poor Indians but also encouraged them to work, make homes for themselves and become self-supporting, which many of them did. He died on July 28, 1883.
Schoenchen, a country postoffice in Ellis county, is located in Look- out township on the Smoky Hill river, 10 miles south of Hays, the county seat and most convenient railroad station.
Schools .- (See Public School System and the sketches of the higher educational institutions.)
Schroyer, a hamlet of Marshall county, is located in Elm Creek town- ship 6 miles south of Marysville, the county seat, on the Union Pacific R. R. It has express and telegraph offices, a postoffice, some general stores, and in 1910 reported a population of 82.
Schulte, a hamlet in Sedgwick county, is located in Waco township on the Kansas City, Mexico & Orient R. R., 12 miles southwest of Wichita, the county seat. It has a general store, livery barn, telegraph and express offices, etc. It receives mail from Oatville. The popu- lation in 1910 was 70.
Scio, a hamlet in Graham county, is located on Bow creek 12 miles northwest of Hill City, the county seat, and 7 miles southeast of Lenora, Norton county, from which place it receives mail by rural route. Lenora is also the nearest railroad station.
Scipio, important as the gas pumping station for Topeka and other towns outside the gas territory, is a hamlet in Anderson county on the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe R. R., 6 miles north of Garnett, the county seat, whence it receives mail by rural route. The population according to the census of 1910 was 58.
Scott, the county seat of Scott county, is an incorporated city of the third class, located on the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, the Missouri Pacific and the Garden City, Gulf & Northern railroads, in the central part of the county. It has 2 banks, 2 weekly newspapers (the Chronicle and the News-Lever), 2 flour mills, 2 elevators, and is the location of the county high school. A large farming district is tributary to Scott, it being the only incorporated town in the county. During the decade from 1900 to 1910 its population increased from 212 to 918. It has tele- graph and express offices and an international money order postoffice. The town was founded in Sept., 1885, by a town company, which donated a block of land to the county for a court-house site, a block to the city for school purposes, a lot to each of four church organiza- tions, and set apart grounds for a public park. Within a year there was a population of 600, with 3 newspapers (the News, the Sentinel and the Herald), and a number of retail establishments.
Scott, Charles F., journalist and member of Congress, is a native of the Sunflower state, having been born on a farm in Allen county, Kan.,
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Sept. 7, 1860. His early education was acquired in the district schools, after which he entered the University of Kansas, where he graduated with the degree of B. S. in 1881, receiving his Master's degree some years later. Upon leaving college, he spent about 18 months in New Mexico, Arizona and Colorado, returning to his native county in the fall of 1882. He then bought a small interest in the Iola Register; became the sole proprietor of the paper five years later, and in 1897 began the publication of a daily edition. In 1891 he was appointed a regent of the state university and served in that capacity for twelve years. In 1892 he was elected to the state senate as a Republican, and in 1896 was one of the presidential electors on that ticket. Mr. Scott married May B. Ewing in 1893. He was elected to Congress in 1900; was four times reelected, serving ten years in all, and was defeated for the nomination in 1910 by the late Alexander C. Mitchell of Lawrence.
Scott County, in the western part of the state, is the third county east from Colorado, the fourth south of Nebraska, and the fourth from the southern boundary of the state. It is bounded on the north by Logan and Gove counties; on the east by Lane; on the south by Fin- ney, and on the west by Wichita. It was created in 1873 and named for Winfield Scott, a hero in both the War of 1812 and the Mexican war, and commander-in-chief of army at the beginning of the Civil war in 1861. The boundaries were described as follows: "Commencing at the intersection of the east line of range 31 west with the 3d standard parallel; thence south along range line to its intersection with the 4th standard parallel; thence west along the 4th standard parallel to where it is intersected by the east line of range 35 west; thence north along range line to its intersection with the 3d standard parallel; thence east `o the place of beginning."
The organization of the county was effected in 1886. In May Charles S. Reed was appointed to take the census. The returns were made on June 29 and showed a population of 2,675, of whom 701 were house- holders. The valuation of property was $364,063, of which amount $109,030 was real estate. Gov. Martin issued the proclamation the same day whereby he organized the county, named Scott City as the county seat, and appointed the following officers: County clerk, Charles S. Reed; commissioners, Marion Cunningham, A. H. Kilpatrick and Eugene McDaniels. The first election was held on Aug. 10 and resulted as follows: County clerk, Charles S. Reed; probate judge, Thomas Poulson; treasurer, W. R. Hadley; sheriff, B. F. Daniels; register of deeds, J. B. Johnson; attorney, C. C. Hadley; district clerk, S. T. Burgess ; superintendent of public instruction, Miss Lulu Boling; sur- veyor, W. E. Daugherty; coroner, J. F. Bond; commissioners, H. M. Cranor, C. Garrett and Eugene McDaniels. Scott City had no opposi- tion for county seat.
The first settlers came into the county in 1874. The first white women were Mrs. M. E. DeGreer and her daughter, Mrs. Ida Eastman, both widows. In 1893 Scott was among the counties which suffered from
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the fuel famine. The county commissioners visited Topeka to secure state aid, but were not successful. In 1884 the ruins of a pre-historic pueblo were discovered in Scott county about 12 miles north of Scott City. (See Archæology.)
The county was divided into Michigan, Beaver, Scott, Valley, Key- stone, Isbel and Lake townships in 1886, and no new townships have been organized. The postoffices are Grigsby, Manning, Modoc, Pence, Scott and Taft. The Missouri Pacific railroad enters in the northeast and crosses southwest to Scott, thence directly west into Wichita county. A branch of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe from Great Bend enters in the east and crosses west to Scott where it terminates.
The general surface is an undulating prairie with a few sand hills. The principal stream is Ladder creek. It enters from the west, flows east about 9 miles, then north into Logan county, where it empties into the Smoky Hill river. White Woman creek enters in the southwest and flows east and northeast to the center, where it sinks beneath the surface in the midst of a large basin which is filled only in wet seasons. Magnesian limestone is in the north and southwest. Sandstone, gypsum and cement rock also exist in limited quantities.
Less than half of the land in the county is cultivated. The value of farm products in 1910 was $607,766. Wheat brought $106,043; corn, $64,534; oats, $44,949; barley, $34,577; broom-corn, $26,729; sorghum, $158,928; milo maize, $32,400; hay, $27,379; animals sold for slaughter, $24,836; poultry and eggs, $16,327. The value of live stock on hand was $768,013.
The population in 1890 was 1,262. During the next three or four years the population decreased somewhat on account of the hard times. In 1893 there were 300 families, only 75 of them having the means to live through the winter. In 1900 the population was 1,098; in 1910 it was 3,047. The assessed valuation of property in 1910 was $5,913,442. The average wealth per capita being $1,940.
Scottsville, one of the incorporated towns of Mitchell county, is located in Lulu township in the extreme northeastern corner of the county on the Missouri Pacific R. R., 10 miles from Beloit, the county seat. It has a bank, a weekly newspaper (the Advance), telegraph and express offices, and a money order postoffice with two rural routes. The town was platted in Oct., 1878, at the time the railroad was first extended to that point. The population in 1910 was 248.
Scranton, one of the important towns of Osage county, is located in Scranton township on the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe R. R., 14 miles northwest of Lyndon, the county seat. It has a weekly newspaper (the Gazette), banking facilities, all lines of mercantile enterprise, good schools and churches. The chief occupations of the people are coal mining and agriculture. Coal, live stock, grain and produce are shipped. There are telegraph and express offices, and a money order postoffice with four rural routes. The population according to the census of 1910 was 770.
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Scranton was started as a mining camp in 1871, when Alexander Thomas and O. H. Sheldon sank a shaft. The next year the Burlingame and Scranton Coal company was formed and until 1875 the interests of this company were the principal business of the town. The coal interests then began to be developed and several other shafts were sunk by companies and private individuals. Things went slowly until 1879 when there was a rush of capital to develop the coal industry, and in consequence the town grew very rapidly. By June, 1880, the popu- lation was 930 and the next year had reached 1,700. Scranton was incorporated as a city of the third class on Aug. 4, 1880. The first officers were: Mayor, J. M. Giddings; clerk and police judge, John R. Poe; treasurer, H. A. Sheldon; marshal, W. S. Challis; councilmen, Joseph Tomlinson, William Scott, James Ingram, Joseph Drake and Thomas Kelley.
The first birth and the first death was that of Madison Evans, son of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Evans, who was born in Aug., 1872, and died in Dec., 1873. The first marriage was between Davis Williams and Mrs. Rebecca Stull in 1873. The first sermon was preached in the board- ing house in 1872 by Rev. J. W. Stogdill. The school house was built in the same year and the first teacher was H. D. Porter.
Scrip, Union Military .- (See Claims.)
Seal of State .- From the earliest period of history the seal has been used "by individuals, corporate bodies and states, for making impres- sions on instruments of writing, as an evidence of their authenticity." Every civilized country has its great seal, and in some monarchies, England for example, the king has his privy seal. Prior to the Revo- lution, each of the American colonies had its seal, which in most instances, with some modifications, became the seal of state after the formation of the Federal Union. And almost the first act of every state, upon its admission into the Union, has been to adopt by suitable legislation a design for a great seal of state. Even before admission, and while under a temporary government as an organized territory, a seal has been found necessary as a testimony of official sanction or authority.
Wilder (Annals of Kansas. p. 55) quotes from the Easton (Pa.) Argus, early in Jan., 1855, the following description of the territorial seal of Kansas:
"We have just seen the seal of the Territory of Kansas, engraved by Robert Lovett, of Philadelphia, according to the design of Gov. Reeder. It consists of a shield with two supporters, surmounted by a scroll motto, and is emblematic of the life of the pioneer and the agricultural- ist. The lower compartment of the shield contains the buffalo and the hunter; the upper contains the implements of agriculture. The left- hand supporter is a pioneer with his smock frock, leggins, rifle and tomahawk; whilst on the right is the goddess Ceres with her sheaf ; at their feet, and between them, lie a fallen tree and an axe. The motto is a beautiful allusion to the principle on which the territory was organ-
(II-42)
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ized, and consists of 'Populi voce nata,' thus translated-Born of the popular will."
Hay says this seal was two inches in diameter, and that in addition to the above description it had around the margin the legend: "Seal of the Territory of Kansas, erected May 30, 1854."
Article I, section 8, of the Wyandotte constitution provided that "There shall be a seal of state, which shall be kept by the governor, and used by him officially; and which shall be the great seal of Kansas." In his message to the first state legislature, which met on March 26, 1861, Gov. Robinson called attention to this constitutional provision, and on April 9 the following resolution was introduced in the senate and referred to the committee on ways and means: "Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed on behalf of the senate to act with a like committee on the part of the house to draw and recommend a design for the great seal of the State of Kansas." .The resolution was subse- quently adopted, the house took similar action, and the joint committee began its work. Numerous devices and mottoes were considered and more than a month passed before a design was finally selected. On May 17 the senate amended the house joint resolution relating to the seal, the house refused to concur in the amendment, and a conference committee was appointed, which on the 20th reported the design that was ultimately adopted. On the 22nd both houses adopted the report of the conference committee and the following resolution :
"Be it resolved by the governor and legislature of the State of Kansas, That the secretary of state be and he is required to procure, as soon as possible, the great seal of the State of Kansas, the design and device following, to-wit :
"The east is represented by a rising sun on the right hand corner of the seal; to the left of it, commerce is represented by a river and a steamboat ; in the foreground, agriculture is represented as the basis of the future prosperity of the state, by a settler's cabin and a man plowing with a pair of horses; beyond this, is a train of ox wagons going west ; in the background is seen a herd of buffalo, retreating, pursued by two Indians on horseback; around the top is the motto: 'Ad astra per aspera'-and beneath a cluster of 34 stars; the circle is surrounded by the words 'Great Seal of the State of Kansas, January 29, 1861.'"
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