The province and the states, a history of the province of Louisiana under France and Spain, and of the territories and states of the United States formed therefrom, Vol. III, Part 24

Author: Goodspeed, Weston Arthur, 1852-1926, ed
Publication date: 1904
Publisher: Madison, Wis. : The Weston Historical Association
Number of Pages: 1086


USA > Louisiana > The province and the states, a history of the province of Louisiana under France and Spain, and of the territories and states of the United States formed therefrom, Vol. III > Part 24


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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Forty-third congress-March 4, 1873, to March 4, 1875. Sen- ators : J. Rodman West. Second seat vacant. Representatives : At large: Vacant until February, 1876, when Geo. H. Sheridan was seated. First district: Effingham Lawrence elected, but J. Hale Sypher contested and was seated subject to contest, in February, 1875; the seat was allotted to Lawrence. Second district : Randall Lee Gibson was elected, but Lionel A. Sheldon contested and was seated. Third district: Chester B. Darrall. Fourth district : Edward C. Davidson was elected, but George A. Smith contested and was seated. Fifth district: Frank Morey.


Forty-fourth congress-March 4, 1875, to March 4, 1877. Sen- ators: J. Rodman West. Vacant until February 10, 1877, when James B. Eustis was seated. Representatives: Randall Lee Gib-


240


THE PROVINCE AND THE STATES.


son, E. John Ellis, Chester B. Darrall, Win. Mallory Levy, William B. Spencer, C. E. Nash (colored).


Forty-fifth congress-March 4, 1877, to March 4, 1879 Sen- ators: James B. Eustis, Wm. Pitt Kellogg, successor to J. Rod- man West. Representatives : Randall Lee Gibson, E. John Ellis, Joseph II. Acklen, J. B. Elam, J. E. Leonard, died June, 1878, and in November, 1878, John S. Young was elected to the vacancy ; Edward W. Robertson.


Forty-sixth congress-March 4, 1879, to March 4, 1881. Sen- ators: Wm. Pitt Kellogg, B. Frank Jonas, successor to Jas. B. Eustis, for term ending March 4, 1885. Representatives : Randall Lee Gibson, E. John Ellis, Joseph H. Acklen, J. B. Elam, J. Floyd King, Edward W. Robertson.


Forty-seventh congress-March 4, 1881, to March 4, 1883. Senators: William Pitt Kellogg, B. Frank Jonas. Representa- tives: Randall Lee Gibson, E. John Ellis, Chester B. Darrall, Newton C. Blanchard, J. Floyd King, Edward W. Robertson.


Forty-eighth congress-March 4, 1883, to March 4, 1885. Sen- ators: B. Frank Jonas, Randall Lee Gibson, successor to William Pitt Kellogg, for term ending March 4, 1889. Repre- sentatives: Carleton Hunt, E. John Ellis, Win. Pitt Kellogg, Newton C. Blanchard, J. Floyd King, Ed. T. Lewis.


Forty-ninth congress-March 4, 1885, to March 4, 1887. Sen- ators : Randall Lee Gibson, James B. Eustis, successor to B. Frank Jonas, for term ending March 4, 1891. Representatives: Louis St. Martin, Michael Hahn, died in April, 1886, and N. D. Wallace elected to succeed him; Edward J. Gay, Newton C. Blanchard, J. Floyd King, Alfred Briggs Iron.


Fiftieth congress-March 4, 1887, to March 4, 1889. Sena- tors: Randall Lee Gibson, James B. Eustis. Representatives: Theodore S. Wilkinson, Matt. D. Lagan, Edward J. Gay, Newton C. Blanchard, Churubusco Newton, Edward W. Robert- son, died in August, 1887, and his son, Samuel M. Robertson, was in November, 1887, elected to fill the vacancy.


Fifty-first congress-March 4, 1889, to March 4, 1891. Sena- tors: Edward D. White, of Orleans; Randall Lee Gibson, of New Orleans. Representatives: First district, Theo. S. Wilkin- son of Plaquemine ; Second district, 11. Dudley Coleman of New Orleans ; Third district, Edward J. Gay of Iberville; Fourth dist- rict, Newton C. Blanchard of Caddo; Fifth district, Charles J. Boatner of Ouachita; Sixth district, Samuel M. Robertson of East Baton Rouge. Edward J. Gay died and was succeeded by Andrew Price of Lafourche.


241


LOUISIANA, INSTITUTIONS, STATISTICS, ETC.


Fifty-second congress-March 4, 1891, to March 4, 1893. Sen- ators: Edward D. White, of Orleans; Randall Lee Gibson, of Orleans, (died, and succeeded by Donaldson Caffery, 1892). Representatives: First district, Adolph Meyer of Orleans; Sec- ond district, Matt. D. Lagan of Orleans; Third district, Andrew Price of Lafourche; Fourth district, Newton C. Blanchard of Caddo; Fifth district, Charles J. Boatner of Ouachita; Sixth dis- trict, Samuel M. Robertson of East Baton Rouge.


Fifty-third congress-March 4, 1893, to March 4, 1895. Sena- tors: Edward D. White, of Orleans; Donaldson Caffery, of St. Mary. (Edward D. White having been appointed associate justice of the supreme court of the United States, Newton C. Blanchard, of Caddo, was appointed to fill the vacancy). Repre- sentatives: First district, Adolph Meyer of Orleans; Second district, Robert C. Davey of Orleans; Third district, Andrew l'rice of Lafourche; Fourth district, Newton C. Blanchard, of Caddo (Harry W. Ogden, of Bossier, was elected to fill vacancy caused by appointment of Newton C. Blanchard to the United States senate) ; Fifth district, Chas. J. Boatner of Ouachita ; Sixth district, Samuel Al. Robertson of East Baton Rouge.


Fifty-fourth congress-March 4, 1895, to March 4, 1897. Sen- ators: Donaldson Caffery, of St. Mary; Newton C. Blanchard, of Caddo; Samuel Douglass McEnery, of Ouachita, elected by gen- eral assembly to succeed N. C. Blanchard. Representatives : First district, Adolph Meyer of Orleans; Second district, Charles F. Buck of Orleans; Third district, Andrew Price of Lafourche ; Fourth district, Harry W. Ogden of Bossier; Fifth district, Charles J. Boatner of Ouachita, (contested by Alex Benoit, and seat declared vacant, and at election held on June 10th, 1896, Charles J. Boatner was re-elected ) ; Sixth district, Samuel M. Robertson of East Baton Rouge.


Fifty-fifth congress-March 4, 1897, to March 4, 1899. Sen- ators : Donaldson Caffery of St. Mary; Samuel Douglass McEnery of Ouachita, successor to Newton C. Blanchard ( for terms beginning March 4, 1897, ending March 4, 1903). Rep- resentatives : First district, Adolph Meyer of Orleans; Second district, Robert C. Davey of Orleans; Third district, Robert F. Broussard of Iberia; Fourth district, Harry W. Ogden of Bossier ; Fifth district, Samuel T. Baird of Mprehouse ; Sixth dis- trict, Samuel M. Robertson of East Baton Rouge.


Fifty-sixth congress-March 4, 1899, to March 4, 1901. Sena- tors: Donaldson Caffery of St. Mary ; Samuel Douglass McEn-


111-16


·


242


THE PROVINCE AND THE STATES.


ery of Ouachita. Representatives: First district, Adolph Meyer of Orleans; Second district, Robert C. Davey of Orleans; Third district, Robert F. Broussard of Iberia; Fourth district, Phanor Brazeale of Natchitoches; Fifth district, Samuel T. Baird of Morehouse (died in 1899), and Joseph E. Ransdell of East Carroll, elected on August 29, 1899, to fill vacancy ; Sixth district, Samuel M. Robertson of East Baton Rouge.


Fifty-seventh congress-March 4, 1901, to March 4, 1903. Sen- ators: Samuel Douglass McEnery of Ouachita; Murphy James Foster of St. Mary (successor to Donaldson Caffery, term begin- ning March 4, 1901, ending March 4, 1907). Representatives : First district, Adolph Meyer of Orleans; Second district, Rob- ert C. Davey of Orleans; Third district, Robert F. Broussard of Iberia ; Fourth district, Phanor Brazeale of Natchitoches; Fifthi district, Joseph E. Ransdell of East Carroll; Sixth district, Samuel M. Robertson of East Baton Rouge.


Presidents of the legislative councils-Territory of Orleans: Julian Poydras, 1804-05; Jean Noel Destrehan, 1806; Pierre Sauvé, 1807; Julian Poydras, 1808; J. D. Dégouton Bellechasse, 1809-10; Jean Noel Destrehan, 1810-12.


Presidents of the senate-State of Louisiana: Julian Poydras, 1812-13; Fulwar Skipwith, 1814-15; Nathaniel Meriam, 1816-19; Julian Poydras, 1820-21; Bernard Marigny, 1822; H. S. Thibodeau, 1823-26; A. Beauvais, 1827-29; Isaac A. Smith, 1830-31 ; Charles Derbigny, 1832-37 ; Joseph E. Johnston, 1838; Jacques Duprè, 1838; Felix Garcia, 1839-45.


Lieutenant-governors *- Ex-officio presidents of the senate: Trasimond Landry, 1846-49; Jean Baptiste Planche, 1850-55; William Wood Farmer (died in office), 1853; Robert Charles Wickliffe, president pro tem., 1854-55; Charles Homere Mouton (resigned ), 1856; William F. Griffin, president pro tem., 1857-59; Henry M. Hyams, 1860-64; Benjamin W. Pearce, de jure, 1864; J. Madison Wells (de facto), succeeded by Michael Hahn, gov- ernor de jure, 1864; Charles Smith, president pro tem., 1864; Charles W. Boyce, president pro tem., 1864; Louis Gastinel, pres- ident pro tem., 1864; Victor Burthe, president pro tem., 1865; Albert Voorhies, 1866-68; Oscar J. Dunn (colored), died in office, 1868 71 ; P. B. S. Pinchback (colored ), president pro tem., 1871; C. C. Antoine (colored), 1872-76; Louis Alfred Wiltz, 1877-80; Samuel Douglass MeEnery (succeeded to Gov. 1. A. Wiltz), 1880-81; Dr. W. A. Robertson, president pro tem., 1881;


"This office was created under the constitution of 1845.


2.43


LOUISIANA, INSTITUTIONS, STATISTICS, ETC.


George 1. Walton, president pro tem., 1881-82; Robert C. Davey, president pro tem., 1884-88; Clay Knobloch, 1884-88; James Jef- fries, 1888-92; Charles Parlange (appointed judge of the supreme court ), 1892; H. R. Lott, president pro tem., 1894; R. HI. Snyder, 1896-1900; Albert Estopinal, 1900-04.


Speakers of the house of representatives-Territory of Orleans : John Watkins, 1806-07; Thomas Urquhart, 1808-10; Magloire Guichard, 1811-12.


Speakers of the house-State of Louisiana: P. B. St. Martin, 1812; Stephen Hopkins, 1813; Magloire Guichard, 1814-17; David C. Kerr, 1818-19; A. Beauvais, 1820-22; Andre Bien- venti Roman, 1822-26; Octave La Branche, 1827-29; Andre Bienvenu Roman, 1829-30; Alexandre Mouton, 1831-32; Alcce La Branche, 1833-37; Joseph Walker, 1838; William DeBuys, 1839-40; William C. C. Claiborne, 1841-42; Charles Derbigny, 1843-44, Antonie Boudousquie, 1845; David A. Randall, 1846-47; Preston W. Farrar, 1848; E. Warren Moise, 1850; Jolin E. King, 1852; E. Warren Moise, 1853; John M. Sandidge, 1854-55; William W. Pugh, 1856-59; Charles H. Morrison, 1860-61; Adolph Olivier, 1862-1863; Simeon Belden, 1864-65; Duncan S. Cage, 1866-67; Charles WV. Lowell, 1868-69; Morti- mer Carr, 1870; George W. Carter, 1871; O. H. Brewster, 1872; Charles W. Lowell, 1873-74; Michael Hahn, 1875; Louis A. Wiltz, 1875; E. D. Estilette, 1875-76; Louis Bush, 1877-78; Jolin Charles Moncure, 1879; Robert N. Ogden, 1880-82; Henry W. Ogden, 1884-88; S. P. Ilenry, 1888-92; G. W. Bolton, 1892-96; S. P. Henry, 1896-00; Jared Y. Sanders, 1900-04.


Judges of the superior court-Territory of Orleans :* George Mathews, 1804-12; Joshua Lewis, 1804-12; Jolin Thompson (died in office), 1804-06; Francois Xavier Martin, 1806-12.


State of Louisiana :** Dominick A. Hall, 1812-15; George Mathews, 1812-36; Pierre Derbigny, 1813-20; Francois Xavier Martin, 1816-46; Alexander Foster, Jr., 1821-35 ; Henry A. Bul- lard, 1832-45; Henry Carleton, 1835-39; Isaac T. Preston, 1837; Pierre Adolphe Rost, 1838-39; George Enstis, 1838-39; George Strawbridge, 1837-39; Alonzo Morphy, 1838-45; Edward Simon, 1840-45; Rice Garland, 1846-52; George Eustis, chief justice, 1846-52; Pierre Adolphe Rost, associate justice, 1846-52; George Rogers King, 1846-52; Thomas Slidell, 1846-52; Isaac T. Preston, 1850-52; William Dunbar, 1852-53;f


* Appointed by the President of the United States.


** Appointed by the Governor.


t Under the constitution of 1852 this office was made elective by the people.


244


THE PROVINCE AND THE ST.ITES.


Thomas Slidell, chief justice, 1853-55; Cornelius Voorhies, asso- ciate justice, 1853-59; Abner Nash Ogden, associate justice, 1853-55; James G. Campbell, associate justice, 1854; Henry M. Spofford, associate justice, 1853-55; Edwin T. Merrick, chief justice, 1855-62; Alexander M. Buchanan, associate justice, 1855-63; John N. Lea, 1855-62; Josiah 12. Cole, 1855-59; Thomas T. Land, 1858-62; Albert Voorfries, 1859-62; Albert Duffel; 1860-64; Peter E. Bonford, appointed by the governor, 1863-64; Thomas Courtland Manning, appointed by the gover- nor, 1863-64; William P. Hyman, chief justice, 1865-68; Zenon Labauve, associate justice, 1865-68; Rufus K. Howell, 1865-68; K. B. Jones, associate justice, 1865; James T. Taliaferro, asso- ciate justice, 1866-68; James T. Ludeling, chief justice, 1868-76; James T. Taliaferro, associate justice, 1868-76; Rufus K. Howell, associate justice, 1868-76; William J. Wiley, associate justice, 1868-76; William W. Howe, associate justice, 1868-72; Joseph E. Leonard. associate justice, 1872; Philip Ilickey Morgan, associate justice, 1873-76; Thomas Courtland Manning, chief justice, 1877-80; Alcibiades DeBlanc, associate Justice, 1877-So; William B. Egan, associate justice, 1877-80; William B. Spencer, associate justice, 1877-79; Robert Il. Marr, associate justice, 1877-80; Edward D. White, associate justice, 1879-80; Edward Bermudez, chief justice. 1880-92; Felix P. Poche, associate jus- tice, 1880-90; Robert B. Todd, associate justice, 1880-88; Will- iam M. Levy, associate justice, 1880-86; Charles E. Fenner, asso- ciate justice, 1880-84; Thonias Courtland Manning, associate justice, 1882-86; Charles E. Fenner, 1884-96; Lynn Boyd Wat- kins, 1886-98; S. D. MeEnery, to succeed R. B. Todd. 1888-1900; Joseph A. Breaux, 1890-1902; F. T. Nicholls, chief justice, 1802- 1904; Chas. Parlange, to fill vacancy of C. E. Fenner, 1884-96; H. C. Miller, vice Chas. Parlange, 1884-96; H. C. Miller, 1896- 1908; Newton C. Blanchard, vice S. D. McEnery elected to United States senate, 1808-1900; Lynn B. Watkins to succeed himself, 1898-1910; Frank Adair Monroe, vice II. C. Miller (deceased ), 1896-98; Newton C. Blanchard, to succeed himself, 1900-12; O. O. Provosty, vice L. B. Watkins ( deceased ), 1898- IOIO.


New Orleans is the only city in Louisiana that had a popula- tion in 1900 of more than 25,000, and for this city, a summary is presented in the following table, showing the population from 1810 to 1900, inclusive, together with the increase by nuniber and per cent during each decade :


LOUISIANA, INSTITUTIONS, STATISTICS, ETC.


245


POPULATION OF NEW ORLEANS, 1810 TO 150).


440


INCREASE.


Census Years.


Population.


Number.


Per cent.


1900


287,101


45,065


13 6


1490


2,2,039


25,919


12 0


1850


216,040


21,672


12 9


14.0.


191,418


22,743


13.5


1550.


163,675


52,300


41.9


1-50.


116, 375


14,1-2


13.9


1810


102, 193


72, 118


243 7


1:30


29,737


2,561


9 4


1,20


27,176


9,931


9.4


1810


17,212


According to this summary, New Orleans, beginning with a population of 17,242 in 1810, increased but little, compared with the early growth of other cities, for two decades, but from 1830 te 1840, the population of the city increased from 29,737 to 102,193, or 243.7 per cent. Since then the rate of increase has been relatively low, although in the decade from 18go to 1900 it is somewhat greater than it has been in any decade since 1860.


POPULATION OF LOUISIANA, 1810 TO 1900.


INCREASE.


Census Years.


Population.


Number.


Per cont.


1900


1,381,625


263,055


23 5


15:00


1, 118,587


178, 611


19 0


939,910


21:1, 031


29 3


1,70


726,915


18,913


2.7


1560


704,002


190,210


36.7


1850


517, 762


165,351


46 9


1810


352,411


136,672


63 4


1$30


215,739


62,816


41 1


1820


152.923


76,567


99.8


1810


76,556


COTTON PRODUCED IN LOUISIANA FROM 1883 TO 1588, 1890 AND 1893 TO 1899


.490,200 balos


1893.


473,000 balos


1851


485,200 balos


1894


721,551 balos


137, 722 balos


1.595.


513, 813 bates


1856


17,823 balos


1896


567.231 bales


1887


501, 622 bales


1897


78%, 325 balay


1858


116, 773 bales


1899


717, 717 balos


1890


659, 180 bales


1899


699, 476 bales


.


246


THE PROVINCE AND THE STATES.


QUANTITIES OF CANE SUGAR AND MOLASSES PRODUCED IN LOUISIANA, 1852 TO 1900.


Year.


Sugar, pounds.


Molasses. gallons.


Year.


Sugar, pounds.


Molassos, gallons.


1552-53


368, 129, 000


25, 700,000


1876-77.


190,672,570


12,024, 103


1853-51


495, 156, 000


31,000,000


1877-78.


147,101,911


11,237,250


1854-55


385,227,000


23,113,620


1878-79.


239, 178,753


13,218,401


1855-58


254, 563, 000


15,274, 140


1879-80.


198, 962, 278


12, 189, 190


1856-57


81,373,000


4,882,350


1880-81


272,9$2, 899


15, 255, 029


1857-58


307,666, 700


19,578,750


1×81-82.


159,874,50


9,691, 101


1858-59.


414, 796, 000


24,887,760


1×82-83.


303, 066, 258


15,716,755


1859-60


255, 115, 750


17,838, 105


1883-81


2-7,712, 230


15,277,316


1660-61


265,063, 000


18, 414, 550


1881-85.


211, 402, 963


11,761,608


1361-82


528, 321,500


31,216,000


1885-86


256, 626, 486


17,863,732


1862-63


96,510,000


7,619,000


1886-87.


181, 123, 872


10,251,894


1563-54


81,500,000


2,303,000


1887-88.


353, 855, 877


21,980,241


1661-65


10, 500,000


765,000


1888-89.


321, 526, 781


15, 228, 580


1865-66


19,900, 000


1,123, 000


18-9-90.


287,490,271


18,431,983


1 306-67


42,900, 000


2,570,000


18:0 91.


483, 489, 856


25,000,000


1837-63.


41, 400, 000


2, 800,000


1991-96.


360, 199,306


16,429,868


1868-69


95,051,225


6,081,907


1892 93


452, 068, 627


17, 025, 197


1369-70


99,452, 916


5,721,256


1893-94


595, 473, 371


18, 169,529


1870-71


168, 818, 592


10,281,419


1891-95


710, 827, 438


28,334,513


1871-72


146, 90 6, 125


10,019,938


1895-96


532, 191, 652


21,663, 410


1872-73


125, 346, 493


8,895,610


:896-97


631, 699, 561


20, 820, 130


1873-14.


103,241,119


8,203,911


1.97-98.


695, 101, 878


22,241,510


1871-75


131,501,691


11, 516, 528


1898 -99.


549.947,417


21.552,189


1875-76


103,418, 070


10,870,516


1839-1900


329, 963, 450


14,971,313


VOTE OF THE STATE SINCE 1872.


1872-President


66,467


59,975


6,492 D.


1872-President


*57,029


71,663


14, 631 R.


1876-President


83, 723


77,174


6,519 D.


1876-President .


*70,036


75, 135


5,099 12.


1850-President


65,057


38,628


26,439 I).


1881-President ..


62,529


16,317


16, 182 1)


1858 - President ...


85,052


30,484


51, 543 D.


1892-Governor ..


₹126,009


$40,135


8,502


Plu. 85,874 D.


Fusion -


1892-President


87,922


26,553


1896-Governor.


116,216


90,138


1896-President


77,175


22,037


1,834


55,138 D.


1900-Governor.


60,206


2,119


9,277


48,480 D.


1900-President


53,671


14,233


39,433 D.


* Count of the Republican returning board.


Combined Democratic voto.


Combined Republican voto.


Louisiana is blessed with a soil of extraordinary fertility. Sugar and cotton have been grown since the earliest times, but the culture of rice is of a comparatively recent date and has been brought to perfection within less than two decades, mainly by emigrants from the Northern states. There was shipped out of Southwest Louisiana in 1886 2,000,000 pounds of rice. The next


Dem.


Rep.


Maj.


Dem.


Rop.


F. A.


61,369 D. 26,073 D.


Dem.


Rep.


Nat. Dem.


Plu.


Fusion.


2.47


LOUISIANA, INSTITUTIONS, STATISTICS, ETC.


year the amount shipped was doubled. In 1880 16,000,000 pounds were shipped. In 1892 the amount under remarkably favorable conditions was increased to nearly 200,000,000 pounds. The shipments then fell off, but in 1896 amounted to 127,600,000 pounds of clean rice. Since then the amount has increased to over 200,000,000 pounds.


Parisliv's.


Area.


Incor- porated.


Seat of Justice.


Population, 1900,


Acadia


634


1886


Crowley ...


23, 483


Ascension


373


1807


Donaldsonville


24,142


Assumption


327


1-07


Napoleonville


21,620


Avoyelles


813


1807


Marksville


29,701


Bienville


556


1848


Sparta


17,558


Bossier


773


1813


Bentou.


21,153


Caddo.


852


1838


Shreveport


44,499


Calcasieu


3,400


1543


Lake Charles


30,428


Caldwell


585


1>38


Columbia.


6,917


Cameron


1,545


1870


Cameron


3,952


Catahoula


1,350


1808


Harrisonburg


16,3:1


Claiborne


765


182%


Homer .


23,029


Concordia


620


1807


Vidalia


13,559


De Soto ..


856


1843


Mansfield


25,063


E. Baton Rouge


395


1807


Baton Rouge


31,153


E. Carroll


400


1577


Lake Providence


11,373


E. Feliciana


450


18/1


Clinton


20,443


Franklin


550


1813


Winnsborough


8, 890


Grant


578


1509


Colfax


12,902


Iberia


536


1868


New Iberia


29,015


Iberville


616


1807


Plaquemino


27,006


Jacksoll


576


1845


Vernon


9,119


Jefferson .


$95


1825


Gretna


15,321


Lafayette


262


1825


Lafayette.


22,825


Lafourche


1,023


1507


Thibodeaux


25,822


Lincoln


485


1873


Ruston.


15,898


Livingston


575


1832


Springville


8,100


Madison.


670


18.39


Tallulah


12,332


Morehouse


760


1814


Bastrop.


16,634


Natchitoches


1,200


1807


Natchitoches


33,216


Orloans.


157


Now Orleans.


2.87,101


Ouachita.


610


1.507


Monroe


20,917


Plaqueminos


930


1807


Point-a-Ja-lacho


13,039


Pointe Coupeo


575


1-07


New Roads


25,777


Rapides .


1,495


1807


Alexandria


39,578


Red River


386


1871


Coushatta


11,548


Richland


578


1868


Rayvillo


11,116


Sabine ...


1,008


1803


Many


15,421


St. Bernard


680


1807


Arabi


5,031


St. Charles.


281


IS07


Hahnville


9,072


St. Helena


413


1811


Greonsburg


8,479


St. James


305


1807


Convent ..


20,197


St John


190


1507


Edgard


12,330


St. Landry.


3,642


1807


Opelousas.


52,906


St. Martin


648


1×11


St. Martinsville


18,910


St. Mary


1811


Franklin.


34,115


St. Tammany


790


1869


Tensas


612


1812


Terrebonne


1,806


1822


Houma


24,461


Union


883


1×39


Farmerville


18,520


Vermillion.


1,226


1811


Abbeville


20,705


Vernon


1,540


1,71


Leesville


10,327


Washington


668


1819


Franklinton


9,628


Webster


504


1871


Minden


15, 125


W. Baton Rouge.


210


1×07


l'ort Allen


10,285


W. Carroll .


350


1877


Floyd .


3,6-5


W. Feliciang


302


1811


St. Francisville


15,991


Win


915


1852


Winnfield


9,615


....


1811


Covington ..


13,335


Tangipahoa


Amite City


17,625


St. Josephi


19,070


248


THE PROVINCE AND THE STATES.


COST OF THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE.


Original price $15,000,000


Interest on same 8,529,353


United States citizens' claims ( additional) . 3.738,268


$27,267,621


AREA IN SQUARE MILES.


Arkansas


53,850


Colorado (north of Arkansas river and cast


of a line from its source north, est. )


57,100


Iowa


50,025


Indian Territory


31,400


Kansas (except s. w. cor., est.)


73,542


Louisiana (west of the Mississippi, but in- chiding New Orleans Island, est.) . 44,500


Minnesota (west of the Mississippi, est.) ...


57,53I


Missouri 69,415


Montana (cast of the divide, est.)


125,210


Nebraska


77,510


North Dakota


70,795


Oklahoma


39,100


South Dakota


77,650


Wyoming (east of treaty line and the divide,


est.)


67,360


Total square miles


900,988


Total acres


576,632,320


State of Arkansas


Ex-Governor Daniel Webster Jones Associate Editor


Maro O. Rolfe Author


-


Arkansas*


CHAPTER I


From 1541 to 1819 and Later .


F "OR many years there was contention among some of the best-informed citizens of Arkansas as to the correct pro- nunciation of the name of their state, most persons pro- noicing it as it was spelled, while others, especially the carly settlers and their descendants, pronounced the name as if spelled "Ar kan-saw," following, as they believed, the promiciation used by the Arkansas Indians, the aborigines of this country, from whom the territory derived its name. Finally, to settle the ques- tion and bring about a uniformity of pronunciation, the general assembly of 1881 appointed a learned and able committee to investigate the subject. This committee made a critical and exhaustive examination, and the general assembly unanimously adopted the following concurrent resolution, based on its report prescribing the correct pronunciation of the name of the state of Arkansas :


"WHEREAS, Confusion of practice has arisen in the pronuncia- tion of the name of our State, and it is deemed important that the true pronunciation should be determined for use in oral official proceedings ; and,


. The author of these chaplors acknowledges obligation to Pay Hempstead, of Little lock, for valuable counsel and for gonorous permission to quote from his Pictorial History of Arkansas.


252


THE PROVINCE AND THE STATES.


"WHEREAS, The matter has been thoroughly investigated by the State Historical Society of Little Rock, which has agreed upon the correct pronunciation, as derived from history and the early use of the American immigrants, be it, therefore,


"Resolved, By both houses of the General Assembly, that the only true pronunciation of the name of the State, in the opinion of this body, is that received by the French from the native Indians, and committed to' writings in the French word representing the sound, and that it should be pronounced in three syllables, with the final 's' silent, the 'a' in each syllable with the Italian sound, and the accent on the first and last syllables, being the pronuncia- tion formerly universally and now still most commonly used, and that the pronunciation with the accent on the second syllable with the sound of 'a' as in man and the sounding of the terminal 's' is an innovation to be discouraged. The name of the State is, accordingly, pronominced 'Ark-an-saw.'"


Arkansas has an area of 33,824,000 acres. It is larger than New York or Pennsylvania. It is only one-fifth smaller than all the New England states combined. In its broader significance, its carly history is included in the history of Louisiana and Missouri territories. It will be attempted here to treat it in a sense characteristically local. The first white man to visit the territory now included in Arkansas was Hernando DeSoto. In 1539 hie sailed from Cuba and landed on the coast of Florida, and at once began to explore the country to the north and west. Iu May, 1541, he discovered the Mississippi. He crossed the river and continued his journey in a northwesterly direction and is thought to have gone as far north as the head of White river, and to have spent the winter of 15.41-42 in the Ozark mountains. Tradition fixes the exact spot of his winter camp at or near where the town of Boonsboro, Washington county, now stands. In the following spring he may have continued his journey in a south- westerly direction, crossing the Arkansas river somewhere between Fort Smith and Dardanelle. He probably spent some time at Hot Springs, the wonderful medicinal properties of whose waters were then well known to the Indians. From Hot Springs, possibly Cayas, he turned south down the Ouachita, and at the mouth of Red river he sickened and died, and, in order to conceal his death from the Indians, his body was sunk at night in the mighty river he had discovered. There is much uncertainty and difference of opinion as to the locality of points in Arkansas visited by DeSoto and his adventurous followers. Pacaha, Capaha or Kappa (as variously spelled) has been identified by some writers as Old




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