USA > Louisiana > The province and the states, a history of the province of Louisiana under France and Spain, and of the territories and states of the United States formed therefrom, Vol. III > Part 24
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Forty-third congress-March 4, 1873, to March 4, 1875. Sen- ators : J. Rodman West. Second seat vacant. Representatives : At large: Vacant until February, 1876, when Geo. H. Sheridan was seated. First district: Effingham Lawrence elected, but J. Hale Sypher contested and was seated subject to contest, in February, 1875; the seat was allotted to Lawrence. Second district : Randall Lee Gibson was elected, but Lionel A. Sheldon contested and was seated. Third district: Chester B. Darrall. Fourth district : Edward C. Davidson was elected, but George A. Smith contested and was seated. Fifth district: Frank Morey.
Forty-fourth congress-March 4, 1875, to March 4, 1877. Sen- ators: J. Rodman West. Vacant until February 10, 1877, when James B. Eustis was seated. Representatives: Randall Lee Gib-
240
THE PROVINCE AND THE STATES.
son, E. John Ellis, Chester B. Darrall, Win. Mallory Levy, William B. Spencer, C. E. Nash (colored).
Forty-fifth congress-March 4, 1877, to March 4, 1879 Sen- ators: James B. Eustis, Wm. Pitt Kellogg, successor to J. Rod- man West. Representatives : Randall Lee Gibson, E. John Ellis, Joseph II. Acklen, J. B. Elam, J. E. Leonard, died June, 1878, and in November, 1878, John S. Young was elected to the vacancy ; Edward W. Robertson.
Forty-sixth congress-March 4, 1879, to March 4, 1881. Sen- ators: Wm. Pitt Kellogg, B. Frank Jonas, successor to Jas. B. Eustis, for term ending March 4, 1885. Representatives : Randall Lee Gibson, E. John Ellis, Joseph H. Acklen, J. B. Elam, J. Floyd King, Edward W. Robertson.
Forty-seventh congress-March 4, 1881, to March 4, 1883. Senators: William Pitt Kellogg, B. Frank Jonas. Representa- tives: Randall Lee Gibson, E. John Ellis, Chester B. Darrall, Newton C. Blanchard, J. Floyd King, Edward W. Robertson.
Forty-eighth congress-March 4, 1883, to March 4, 1885. Sen- ators: B. Frank Jonas, Randall Lee Gibson, successor to William Pitt Kellogg, for term ending March 4, 1889. Repre- sentatives: Carleton Hunt, E. John Ellis, Win. Pitt Kellogg, Newton C. Blanchard, J. Floyd King, Ed. T. Lewis.
Forty-ninth congress-March 4, 1885, to March 4, 1887. Sen- ators : Randall Lee Gibson, James B. Eustis, successor to B. Frank Jonas, for term ending March 4, 1891. Representatives: Louis St. Martin, Michael Hahn, died in April, 1886, and N. D. Wallace elected to succeed him; Edward J. Gay, Newton C. Blanchard, J. Floyd King, Alfred Briggs Iron.
Fiftieth congress-March 4, 1887, to March 4, 1889. Sena- tors: Randall Lee Gibson, James B. Eustis. Representatives: Theodore S. Wilkinson, Matt. D. Lagan, Edward J. Gay, Newton C. Blanchard, Churubusco Newton, Edward W. Robert- son, died in August, 1887, and his son, Samuel M. Robertson, was in November, 1887, elected to fill the vacancy.
Fifty-first congress-March 4, 1889, to March 4, 1891. Sena- tors: Edward D. White, of Orleans; Randall Lee Gibson, of New Orleans. Representatives: First district, Theo. S. Wilkin- son of Plaquemine ; Second district, 11. Dudley Coleman of New Orleans ; Third district, Edward J. Gay of Iberville; Fourth dist- rict, Newton C. Blanchard of Caddo; Fifth district, Charles J. Boatner of Ouachita; Sixth district, Samuel M. Robertson of East Baton Rouge. Edward J. Gay died and was succeeded by Andrew Price of Lafourche.
241
LOUISIANA, INSTITUTIONS, STATISTICS, ETC.
Fifty-second congress-March 4, 1891, to March 4, 1893. Sen- ators: Edward D. White, of Orleans; Randall Lee Gibson, of Orleans, (died, and succeeded by Donaldson Caffery, 1892). Representatives: First district, Adolph Meyer of Orleans; Sec- ond district, Matt. D. Lagan of Orleans; Third district, Andrew Price of Lafourche; Fourth district, Newton C. Blanchard of Caddo; Fifth district, Charles J. Boatner of Ouachita; Sixth dis- trict, Samuel M. Robertson of East Baton Rouge.
Fifty-third congress-March 4, 1893, to March 4, 1895. Sena- tors: Edward D. White, of Orleans; Donaldson Caffery, of St. Mary. (Edward D. White having been appointed associate justice of the supreme court of the United States, Newton C. Blanchard, of Caddo, was appointed to fill the vacancy). Repre- sentatives: First district, Adolph Meyer of Orleans; Second district, Robert C. Davey of Orleans; Third district, Andrew l'rice of Lafourche; Fourth district, Newton C. Blanchard, of Caddo (Harry W. Ogden, of Bossier, was elected to fill vacancy caused by appointment of Newton C. Blanchard to the United States senate) ; Fifth district, Chas. J. Boatner of Ouachita ; Sixth district, Samuel Al. Robertson of East Baton Rouge.
Fifty-fourth congress-March 4, 1895, to March 4, 1897. Sen- ators: Donaldson Caffery, of St. Mary; Newton C. Blanchard, of Caddo; Samuel Douglass McEnery, of Ouachita, elected by gen- eral assembly to succeed N. C. Blanchard. Representatives : First district, Adolph Meyer of Orleans; Second district, Charles F. Buck of Orleans; Third district, Andrew Price of Lafourche ; Fourth district, Harry W. Ogden of Bossier; Fifth district, Charles J. Boatner of Ouachita, (contested by Alex Benoit, and seat declared vacant, and at election held on June 10th, 1896, Charles J. Boatner was re-elected ) ; Sixth district, Samuel M. Robertson of East Baton Rouge.
Fifty-fifth congress-March 4, 1897, to March 4, 1899. Sen- ators : Donaldson Caffery of St. Mary; Samuel Douglass McEnery of Ouachita, successor to Newton C. Blanchard ( for terms beginning March 4, 1897, ending March 4, 1903). Rep- resentatives : First district, Adolph Meyer of Orleans; Second district, Robert C. Davey of Orleans; Third district, Robert F. Broussard of Iberia; Fourth district, Harry W. Ogden of Bossier ; Fifth district, Samuel T. Baird of Mprehouse ; Sixth dis- trict, Samuel M. Robertson of East Baton Rouge.
Fifty-sixth congress-March 4, 1899, to March 4, 1901. Sena- tors: Donaldson Caffery of St. Mary ; Samuel Douglass McEn-
111-16
·
242
THE PROVINCE AND THE STATES.
ery of Ouachita. Representatives: First district, Adolph Meyer of Orleans; Second district, Robert C. Davey of Orleans; Third district, Robert F. Broussard of Iberia; Fourth district, Phanor Brazeale of Natchitoches; Fifth district, Samuel T. Baird of Morehouse (died in 1899), and Joseph E. Ransdell of East Carroll, elected on August 29, 1899, to fill vacancy ; Sixth district, Samuel M. Robertson of East Baton Rouge.
Fifty-seventh congress-March 4, 1901, to March 4, 1903. Sen- ators: Samuel Douglass McEnery of Ouachita; Murphy James Foster of St. Mary (successor to Donaldson Caffery, term begin- ning March 4, 1901, ending March 4, 1907). Representatives : First district, Adolph Meyer of Orleans; Second district, Rob- ert C. Davey of Orleans; Third district, Robert F. Broussard of Iberia ; Fourth district, Phanor Brazeale of Natchitoches; Fifthi district, Joseph E. Ransdell of East Carroll; Sixth district, Samuel M. Robertson of East Baton Rouge.
Presidents of the legislative councils-Territory of Orleans: Julian Poydras, 1804-05; Jean Noel Destrehan, 1806; Pierre Sauvé, 1807; Julian Poydras, 1808; J. D. Dégouton Bellechasse, 1809-10; Jean Noel Destrehan, 1810-12.
Presidents of the senate-State of Louisiana: Julian Poydras, 1812-13; Fulwar Skipwith, 1814-15; Nathaniel Meriam, 1816-19; Julian Poydras, 1820-21; Bernard Marigny, 1822; H. S. Thibodeau, 1823-26; A. Beauvais, 1827-29; Isaac A. Smith, 1830-31 ; Charles Derbigny, 1832-37 ; Joseph E. Johnston, 1838; Jacques Duprè, 1838; Felix Garcia, 1839-45.
Lieutenant-governors *- Ex-officio presidents of the senate: Trasimond Landry, 1846-49; Jean Baptiste Planche, 1850-55; William Wood Farmer (died in office), 1853; Robert Charles Wickliffe, president pro tem., 1854-55; Charles Homere Mouton (resigned ), 1856; William F. Griffin, president pro tem., 1857-59; Henry M. Hyams, 1860-64; Benjamin W. Pearce, de jure, 1864; J. Madison Wells (de facto), succeeded by Michael Hahn, gov- ernor de jure, 1864; Charles Smith, president pro tem., 1864; Charles W. Boyce, president pro tem., 1864; Louis Gastinel, pres- ident pro tem., 1864; Victor Burthe, president pro tem., 1865; Albert Voorhies, 1866-68; Oscar J. Dunn (colored), died in office, 1868 71 ; P. B. S. Pinchback (colored ), president pro tem., 1871; C. C. Antoine (colored), 1872-76; Louis Alfred Wiltz, 1877-80; Samuel Douglass MeEnery (succeeded to Gov. 1. A. Wiltz), 1880-81; Dr. W. A. Robertson, president pro tem., 1881;
"This office was created under the constitution of 1845.
2.43
LOUISIANA, INSTITUTIONS, STATISTICS, ETC.
George 1. Walton, president pro tem., 1881-82; Robert C. Davey, president pro tem., 1884-88; Clay Knobloch, 1884-88; James Jef- fries, 1888-92; Charles Parlange (appointed judge of the supreme court ), 1892; H. R. Lott, president pro tem., 1894; R. HI. Snyder, 1896-1900; Albert Estopinal, 1900-04.
Speakers of the house of representatives-Territory of Orleans : John Watkins, 1806-07; Thomas Urquhart, 1808-10; Magloire Guichard, 1811-12.
Speakers of the house-State of Louisiana: P. B. St. Martin, 1812; Stephen Hopkins, 1813; Magloire Guichard, 1814-17; David C. Kerr, 1818-19; A. Beauvais, 1820-22; Andre Bien- venti Roman, 1822-26; Octave La Branche, 1827-29; Andre Bienvenu Roman, 1829-30; Alexandre Mouton, 1831-32; Alcce La Branche, 1833-37; Joseph Walker, 1838; William DeBuys, 1839-40; William C. C. Claiborne, 1841-42; Charles Derbigny, 1843-44, Antonie Boudousquie, 1845; David A. Randall, 1846-47; Preston W. Farrar, 1848; E. Warren Moise, 1850; Jolin E. King, 1852; E. Warren Moise, 1853; John M. Sandidge, 1854-55; William W. Pugh, 1856-59; Charles H. Morrison, 1860-61; Adolph Olivier, 1862-1863; Simeon Belden, 1864-65; Duncan S. Cage, 1866-67; Charles WV. Lowell, 1868-69; Morti- mer Carr, 1870; George W. Carter, 1871; O. H. Brewster, 1872; Charles W. Lowell, 1873-74; Michael Hahn, 1875; Louis A. Wiltz, 1875; E. D. Estilette, 1875-76; Louis Bush, 1877-78; Jolin Charles Moncure, 1879; Robert N. Ogden, 1880-82; Henry W. Ogden, 1884-88; S. P. Ilenry, 1888-92; G. W. Bolton, 1892-96; S. P. Henry, 1896-00; Jared Y. Sanders, 1900-04.
Judges of the superior court-Territory of Orleans :* George Mathews, 1804-12; Joshua Lewis, 1804-12; Jolin Thompson (died in office), 1804-06; Francois Xavier Martin, 1806-12.
State of Louisiana :** Dominick A. Hall, 1812-15; George Mathews, 1812-36; Pierre Derbigny, 1813-20; Francois Xavier Martin, 1816-46; Alexander Foster, Jr., 1821-35 ; Henry A. Bul- lard, 1832-45; Henry Carleton, 1835-39; Isaac T. Preston, 1837; Pierre Adolphe Rost, 1838-39; George Enstis, 1838-39; George Strawbridge, 1837-39; Alonzo Morphy, 1838-45; Edward Simon, 1840-45; Rice Garland, 1846-52; George Eustis, chief justice, 1846-52; Pierre Adolphe Rost, associate justice, 1846-52; George Rogers King, 1846-52; Thomas Slidell, 1846-52; Isaac T. Preston, 1850-52; William Dunbar, 1852-53;f
* Appointed by the President of the United States.
** Appointed by the Governor.
t Under the constitution of 1852 this office was made elective by the people.
244
THE PROVINCE AND THE ST.ITES.
Thomas Slidell, chief justice, 1853-55; Cornelius Voorhies, asso- ciate justice, 1853-59; Abner Nash Ogden, associate justice, 1853-55; James G. Campbell, associate justice, 1854; Henry M. Spofford, associate justice, 1853-55; Edwin T. Merrick, chief justice, 1855-62; Alexander M. Buchanan, associate justice, 1855-63; John N. Lea, 1855-62; Josiah 12. Cole, 1855-59; Thomas T. Land, 1858-62; Albert Voorfries, 1859-62; Albert Duffel; 1860-64; Peter E. Bonford, appointed by the governor, 1863-64; Thomas Courtland Manning, appointed by the gover- nor, 1863-64; William P. Hyman, chief justice, 1865-68; Zenon Labauve, associate justice, 1865-68; Rufus K. Howell, 1865-68; K. B. Jones, associate justice, 1865; James T. Taliaferro, asso- ciate justice, 1866-68; James T. Ludeling, chief justice, 1868-76; James T. Taliaferro, associate justice, 1868-76; Rufus K. Howell, associate justice, 1868-76; William J. Wiley, associate justice, 1868-76; William W. Howe, associate justice, 1868-72; Joseph E. Leonard. associate justice, 1872; Philip Ilickey Morgan, associate justice, 1873-76; Thomas Courtland Manning, chief justice, 1877-80; Alcibiades DeBlanc, associate Justice, 1877-So; William B. Egan, associate justice, 1877-80; William B. Spencer, associate justice, 1877-79; Robert Il. Marr, associate justice, 1877-80; Edward D. White, associate justice, 1879-80; Edward Bermudez, chief justice. 1880-92; Felix P. Poche, associate jus- tice, 1880-90; Robert B. Todd, associate justice, 1880-88; Will- iam M. Levy, associate justice, 1880-86; Charles E. Fenner, asso- ciate justice, 1880-84; Thonias Courtland Manning, associate justice, 1882-86; Charles E. Fenner, 1884-96; Lynn Boyd Wat- kins, 1886-98; S. D. MeEnery, to succeed R. B. Todd. 1888-1900; Joseph A. Breaux, 1890-1902; F. T. Nicholls, chief justice, 1802- 1904; Chas. Parlange, to fill vacancy of C. E. Fenner, 1884-96; H. C. Miller, vice Chas. Parlange, 1884-96; H. C. Miller, 1896- 1908; Newton C. Blanchard, vice S. D. McEnery elected to United States senate, 1808-1900; Lynn B. Watkins to succeed himself, 1898-1910; Frank Adair Monroe, vice II. C. Miller (deceased ), 1896-98; Newton C. Blanchard, to succeed himself, 1900-12; O. O. Provosty, vice L. B. Watkins ( deceased ), 1898- IOIO.
New Orleans is the only city in Louisiana that had a popula- tion in 1900 of more than 25,000, and for this city, a summary is presented in the following table, showing the population from 1810 to 1900, inclusive, together with the increase by nuniber and per cent during each decade :
LOUISIANA, INSTITUTIONS, STATISTICS, ETC.
245
POPULATION OF NEW ORLEANS, 1810 TO 150).
440
INCREASE.
Census Years.
Population.
Number.
Per cent.
1900
287,101
45,065
13 6
1490
2,2,039
25,919
12 0
1850
216,040
21,672
12 9
14.0.
191,418
22,743
13.5
1550.
163,675
52,300
41.9
1-50.
116, 375
14,1-2
13.9
1810
102, 193
72, 118
243 7
1:30
29,737
2,561
9 4
1,20
27,176
9,931
9.4
1810
17,212
According to this summary, New Orleans, beginning with a population of 17,242 in 1810, increased but little, compared with the early growth of other cities, for two decades, but from 1830 te 1840, the population of the city increased from 29,737 to 102,193, or 243.7 per cent. Since then the rate of increase has been relatively low, although in the decade from 18go to 1900 it is somewhat greater than it has been in any decade since 1860.
POPULATION OF LOUISIANA, 1810 TO 1900.
INCREASE.
Census Years.
Population.
Number.
Per cont.
1900
1,381,625
263,055
23 5
15:00
1, 118,587
178, 611
19 0
939,910
21:1, 031
29 3
1,70
726,915
18,913
2.7
1560
704,002
190,210
36.7
1850
517, 762
165,351
46 9
1810
352,411
136,672
63 4
1$30
215,739
62,816
41 1
1820
152.923
76,567
99.8
1810
76,556
COTTON PRODUCED IN LOUISIANA FROM 1883 TO 1588, 1890 AND 1893 TO 1899
.490,200 balos
1893.
473,000 balos
1851
485,200 balos
1894
721,551 balos
137, 722 balos
1.595.
513, 813 bates
1856
17,823 balos
1896
567.231 bales
1887
501, 622 bales
1897
78%, 325 balay
1858
116, 773 bales
1899
717, 717 balos
1890
659, 180 bales
1899
699, 476 bales
.
246
THE PROVINCE AND THE STATES.
QUANTITIES OF CANE SUGAR AND MOLASSES PRODUCED IN LOUISIANA, 1852 TO 1900.
Year.
Sugar, pounds.
Molasses. gallons.
Year.
Sugar, pounds.
Molassos, gallons.
1552-53
368, 129, 000
25, 700,000
1876-77.
190,672,570
12,024, 103
1853-51
495, 156, 000
31,000,000
1877-78.
147,101,911
11,237,250
1854-55
385,227,000
23,113,620
1878-79.
239, 178,753
13,218,401
1855-58
254, 563, 000
15,274, 140
1879-80.
198, 962, 278
12, 189, 190
1856-57
81,373,000
4,882,350
1880-81
272,9$2, 899
15, 255, 029
1857-58
307,666, 700
19,578,750
1×81-82.
159,874,50
9,691, 101
1858-59.
414, 796, 000
24,887,760
1×82-83.
303, 066, 258
15,716,755
1859-60
255, 115, 750
17,838, 105
1883-81
2-7,712, 230
15,277,316
1660-61
265,063, 000
18, 414, 550
1881-85.
211, 402, 963
11,761,608
1361-82
528, 321,500
31,216,000
1885-86
256, 626, 486
17,863,732
1862-63
96,510,000
7,619,000
1886-87.
181, 123, 872
10,251,894
1563-54
81,500,000
2,303,000
1887-88.
353, 855, 877
21,980,241
1661-65
10, 500,000
765,000
1888-89.
321, 526, 781
15, 228, 580
1865-66
19,900, 000
1,123, 000
18-9-90.
287,490,271
18,431,983
1 306-67
42,900, 000
2,570,000
18:0 91.
483, 489, 856
25,000,000
1837-63.
41, 400, 000
2, 800,000
1991-96.
360, 199,306
16,429,868
1868-69
95,051,225
6,081,907
1892 93
452, 068, 627
17, 025, 197
1369-70
99,452, 916
5,721,256
1893-94
595, 473, 371
18, 169,529
1870-71
168, 818, 592
10,281,419
1891-95
710, 827, 438
28,334,513
1871-72
146, 90 6, 125
10,019,938
1895-96
532, 191, 652
21,663, 410
1872-73
125, 346, 493
8,895,610
:896-97
631, 699, 561
20, 820, 130
1873-14.
103,241,119
8,203,911
1.97-98.
695, 101, 878
22,241,510
1871-75
131,501,691
11, 516, 528
1898 -99.
549.947,417
21.552,189
1875-76
103,418, 070
10,870,516
1839-1900
329, 963, 450
14,971,313
VOTE OF THE STATE SINCE 1872.
1872-President
66,467
59,975
6,492 D.
1872-President
*57,029
71,663
14, 631 R.
1876-President
83, 723
77,174
6,519 D.
1876-President .
*70,036
75, 135
5,099 12.
1850-President
65,057
38,628
26,439 I).
1881-President ..
62,529
16,317
16, 182 1)
1858 - President ...
85,052
30,484
51, 543 D.
1892-Governor ..
₹126,009
$40,135
8,502
Plu. 85,874 D.
Fusion -
1892-President
87,922
26,553
1896-Governor.
116,216
90,138
1896-President
77,175
22,037
1,834
55,138 D.
1900-Governor.
60,206
2,119
9,277
48,480 D.
1900-President
53,671
14,233
39,433 D.
* Count of the Republican returning board.
Combined Democratic voto.
Combined Republican voto.
Louisiana is blessed with a soil of extraordinary fertility. Sugar and cotton have been grown since the earliest times, but the culture of rice is of a comparatively recent date and has been brought to perfection within less than two decades, mainly by emigrants from the Northern states. There was shipped out of Southwest Louisiana in 1886 2,000,000 pounds of rice. The next
Dem.
Rep.
Maj.
Dem.
Rop.
F. A.
61,369 D. 26,073 D.
Dem.
Rep.
Nat. Dem.
Plu.
Fusion.
2.47
LOUISIANA, INSTITUTIONS, STATISTICS, ETC.
year the amount shipped was doubled. In 1880 16,000,000 pounds were shipped. In 1892 the amount under remarkably favorable conditions was increased to nearly 200,000,000 pounds. The shipments then fell off, but in 1896 amounted to 127,600,000 pounds of clean rice. Since then the amount has increased to over 200,000,000 pounds.
Parisliv's.
Area.
Incor- porated.
Seat of Justice.
Population, 1900,
Acadia
634
1886
Crowley ...
23, 483
Ascension
373
1807
Donaldsonville
24,142
Assumption
327
1-07
Napoleonville
21,620
Avoyelles
813
1807
Marksville
29,701
Bienville
556
1848
Sparta
17,558
Bossier
773
1813
Bentou.
21,153
Caddo.
852
1838
Shreveport
44,499
Calcasieu
3,400
1543
Lake Charles
30,428
Caldwell
585
1>38
Columbia.
6,917
Cameron
1,545
1870
Cameron
3,952
Catahoula
1,350
1808
Harrisonburg
16,3:1
Claiborne
765
182%
Homer .
23,029
Concordia
620
1807
Vidalia
13,559
De Soto ..
856
1843
Mansfield
25,063
E. Baton Rouge
395
1807
Baton Rouge
31,153
E. Carroll
400
1577
Lake Providence
11,373
E. Feliciana
450
18/1
Clinton
20,443
Franklin
550
1813
Winnsborough
8, 890
Grant
578
1509
Colfax
12,902
Iberia
536
1868
New Iberia
29,015
Iberville
616
1807
Plaquemino
27,006
Jacksoll
576
1845
Vernon
9,119
Jefferson .
$95
1825
Gretna
15,321
Lafayette
262
1825
Lafayette.
22,825
Lafourche
1,023
1507
Thibodeaux
25,822
Lincoln
485
1873
Ruston.
15,898
Livingston
575
1832
Springville
8,100
Madison.
670
18.39
Tallulah
12,332
Morehouse
760
1814
Bastrop.
16,634
Natchitoches
1,200
1807
Natchitoches
33,216
Orloans.
157
Now Orleans.
2.87,101
Ouachita.
610
1.507
Monroe
20,917
Plaqueminos
930
1807
Point-a-Ja-lacho
13,039
Pointe Coupeo
575
1-07
New Roads
25,777
Rapides .
1,495
1807
Alexandria
39,578
Red River
386
1871
Coushatta
11,548
Richland
578
1868
Rayvillo
11,116
Sabine ...
1,008
1803
Many
15,421
St. Bernard
680
1807
Arabi
5,031
St. Charles.
281
IS07
Hahnville
9,072
St. Helena
413
1811
Greonsburg
8,479
St. James
305
1807
Convent ..
20,197
St John
190
1507
Edgard
12,330
St. Landry.
3,642
1807
Opelousas.
52,906
St. Martin
648
1×11
St. Martinsville
18,910
St. Mary
1811
Franklin.
34,115
St. Tammany
790
1869
Tensas
612
1812
Terrebonne
1,806
1822
Houma
24,461
Union
883
1×39
Farmerville
18,520
Vermillion.
1,226
1811
Abbeville
20,705
Vernon
1,540
1,71
Leesville
10,327
Washington
668
1819
Franklinton
9,628
Webster
504
1871
Minden
15, 125
W. Baton Rouge.
210
1×07
l'ort Allen
10,285
W. Carroll .
350
1877
Floyd .
3,6-5
W. Feliciang
302
1811
St. Francisville
15,991
Win
915
1852
Winnfield
9,615
....
1811
Covington ..
13,335
Tangipahoa
Amite City
17,625
St. Josephi
19,070
248
THE PROVINCE AND THE STATES.
COST OF THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE.
Original price $15,000,000
Interest on same 8,529,353
United States citizens' claims ( additional) . 3.738,268
$27,267,621
AREA IN SQUARE MILES.
Arkansas
53,850
Colorado (north of Arkansas river and cast
of a line from its source north, est. )
57,100
Iowa
50,025
Indian Territory
31,400
Kansas (except s. w. cor., est.)
73,542
Louisiana (west of the Mississippi, but in- chiding New Orleans Island, est.) . 44,500
Minnesota (west of the Mississippi, est.) ...
57,53I
Missouri 69,415
Montana (cast of the divide, est.)
125,210
Nebraska
77,510
North Dakota
70,795
Oklahoma
39,100
South Dakota
77,650
Wyoming (east of treaty line and the divide,
est.)
67,360
Total square miles
900,988
Total acres
576,632,320
State of Arkansas
Ex-Governor Daniel Webster Jones Associate Editor
Maro O. Rolfe Author
-
Arkansas*
CHAPTER I
From 1541 to 1819 and Later .
F "OR many years there was contention among some of the best-informed citizens of Arkansas as to the correct pro- nunciation of the name of their state, most persons pro- noicing it as it was spelled, while others, especially the carly settlers and their descendants, pronounced the name as if spelled "Ar kan-saw," following, as they believed, the promiciation used by the Arkansas Indians, the aborigines of this country, from whom the territory derived its name. Finally, to settle the ques- tion and bring about a uniformity of pronunciation, the general assembly of 1881 appointed a learned and able committee to investigate the subject. This committee made a critical and exhaustive examination, and the general assembly unanimously adopted the following concurrent resolution, based on its report prescribing the correct pronunciation of the name of the state of Arkansas :
"WHEREAS, Confusion of practice has arisen in the pronuncia- tion of the name of our State, and it is deemed important that the true pronunciation should be determined for use in oral official proceedings ; and,
. The author of these chaplors acknowledges obligation to Pay Hempstead, of Little lock, for valuable counsel and for gonorous permission to quote from his Pictorial History of Arkansas.
252
THE PROVINCE AND THE STATES.
"WHEREAS, The matter has been thoroughly investigated by the State Historical Society of Little Rock, which has agreed upon the correct pronunciation, as derived from history and the early use of the American immigrants, be it, therefore,
"Resolved, By both houses of the General Assembly, that the only true pronunciation of the name of the State, in the opinion of this body, is that received by the French from the native Indians, and committed to' writings in the French word representing the sound, and that it should be pronounced in three syllables, with the final 's' silent, the 'a' in each syllable with the Italian sound, and the accent on the first and last syllables, being the pronuncia- tion formerly universally and now still most commonly used, and that the pronunciation with the accent on the second syllable with the sound of 'a' as in man and the sounding of the terminal 's' is an innovation to be discouraged. The name of the State is, accordingly, pronominced 'Ark-an-saw.'"
Arkansas has an area of 33,824,000 acres. It is larger than New York or Pennsylvania. It is only one-fifth smaller than all the New England states combined. In its broader significance, its carly history is included in the history of Louisiana and Missouri territories. It will be attempted here to treat it in a sense characteristically local. The first white man to visit the territory now included in Arkansas was Hernando DeSoto. In 1539 hie sailed from Cuba and landed on the coast of Florida, and at once began to explore the country to the north and west. Iu May, 1541, he discovered the Mississippi. He crossed the river and continued his journey in a northwesterly direction and is thought to have gone as far north as the head of White river, and to have spent the winter of 15.41-42 in the Ozark mountains. Tradition fixes the exact spot of his winter camp at or near where the town of Boonsboro, Washington county, now stands. In the following spring he may have continued his journey in a south- westerly direction, crossing the Arkansas river somewhere between Fort Smith and Dardanelle. He probably spent some time at Hot Springs, the wonderful medicinal properties of whose waters were then well known to the Indians. From Hot Springs, possibly Cayas, he turned south down the Ouachita, and at the mouth of Red river he sickened and died, and, in order to conceal his death from the Indians, his body was sunk at night in the mighty river he had discovered. There is much uncertainty and difference of opinion as to the locality of points in Arkansas visited by DeSoto and his adventurous followers. Pacaha, Capaha or Kappa (as variously spelled) has been identified by some writers as Old
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