USA > Massachusetts > Bristol County > Fall River > Centennial history of Fall River, Mass. : comprising a record of its corporate progress from 1656 to 1876, with sketches of its manufacturing industries, local and general characteristics, valuable statistical tables, etc. > Part 1
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GENEALOGY COLLECTION
-
Gc 974.402 F19e 1136841
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01115 2300
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015
https://archive.org/details/centennialhistor00earl 0
CHT
SOADO
Atlantar Publishive d it
City Hall, Fall River. Hass
-
A
CENTENNIAL HISTORY
OF
FALL RIVER, MASS:
COMPRISING A
RECORD OF ITS CORPORATE PROGRESS FROM 1656 TO 1876,
WITH SKETCHES OF ITS
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES,
LOCAL AND GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS,
VALUABLE STATISTICAL TABLES, ETC.
PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF A COMMITTEE OF THE CITY GOVERNMENT, BY
HENRY H. EARL, A.M.
NEW YORK : ATLANTIC PUBLISHING AND ENGRAVING COMPANY. 1877.
S. W. GREEN, PRINTER AND ELECTROTYPER. 16 and 18 Jacob Street, NEW YORK.
PRESIDENT'S PROCLAMATION.
BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.
A PROCLAMATION. 1136841
Whereas, A joint resolution of the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States was duly approved on the 13th of March last, which resolution is as follows :
" Be it Resolved, By the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, that it be and is hereby recommended by the Senate and the House of Representatives to the people of the several States, that they assemble in their several counties or towns on the approaching Centennial Anniversary of our National Independence, and that they cause to have delivered on such day, an historical sketch of said county or town from its formation, and that a copy of said sketch may be filed, in print or manuscript, in the Clerk's office of said county, and an additional copy, in print or manuscript, be filed in the office of the Librarian of Congress, to the intent that a complete record may thus be obtained of the progress of our institutions during the first centennial of their existence ;" and
Whereas, It is deemed proper that such recommendation be brought to the notice and knowledge of the people of the United States ;
Now, therefore, I, Ulysses S. Grant, President of the United States, do hereby declare and make known the same, in the hope that the object of such resolution may meet the approval of the people of the United States, and that proper steps may be taken to carry the same into effect.
Given under my hand, at the City of Washington, the 25th day of May, in the year of our Lord 1876, and of the independence of the United States the one hundredth.
By the President,
U. S. GRANT.
HAMILTON FISH, Secretary of State.
PUBLIC RESOLUTION NO. I. IN XLIVTH CONGRESS .- FIRST SESSION, A.D. 1876.
Joint Resolution on the Celebration of the Centennial in the several Counties or Towns.
Be it Resolved, By the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, that it be and is hereby recommended by the Senate and the House of Representatives to the people of the several States, that they assemble in their several counties or towns on the approaching Centennial Anniversary of our National Independence, and that they cause to have delivered on such day, an historical sketch of said county or town from its formation, and that a copy of said sketch may be filed, in print or manuscript, in the Clerk's office of said county, and an additional copy, in print or manuscript, be filed in the office of the Librarian of Congress, to the intent that a complete record may thius be obtained of the progress of our institutions during the first centennial of their existence.
Approved, March 13, 1876.
COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS.
SECRETARY'S DEPARTMENT, BOSTON, June 13, 1876.
TO THE CITY CLERK :
SIR : I have the honor to transmit herewith an order of the Legislature of Massachusetts, which has this day been received in this department, and a copy of the Resolution of Congress therein referred to. Very respectfully your obedient servant,
HENRY B. PEIRCE, Secretary.
COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS.
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, BOSTON, April 24, 1876.
TO THE HONORABLE SENATE :
I have the honor, herewith, to inclose for the disposition of the General Court, a Joint Resolution of the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States, transmitted to me by the Secretary of State. ALEXANDER H. RICE.
COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, April 27, 1876.
Ordered, That the Secretary of the Commonwealth transmit to the Clerks of the several cities and towns in the Commonwealth, a copy of the Joint Resolution of Congress on the celebration of the Centennial in the several counties or towns, transmitted to the Senate by His Excellency the Governor, April 24th, 1876. Adopted, Sent up for concurrence. GEO. A. MARDEN, Clerk.
SENATE, April 28, 1876. S. N. GIFFORD, Clerk.
Concurred.
CITY OF FALL RIVER, MAYOR'S OFFICE, June 4, 1877.
GENTLEMEN OF THE CITY COUNCIL :
I am pleased to call your attention to a matter which, I have no doubt, will be of interest to you as well as to the citizens generally, if it can be accomplished,-one that failed to be carried out last year. owing to the limited time given to undertake the work. I refer to " The Centennial Volume," or " History of Fall River."
The President of the United States and the Governor of the Commonwealth have recommended the preparation of such volumes by every city and town, and that such volumes should be preserved in the Congressional and Public Libraries, and the Historical Collections of every community. I am informed that a considerable portion of this work has already been accomplished by private enterprise, particularly the manufacturing industries of our city. Availing ourselves of what has already been done, I am of the opinion that, at a moderate cost, a complete history of our city can be obtained. I would recommend this matter be referred to a committee with authority to co-operate with the parties interested in the work, and the expense attending the same be charged to Contingent Account.
Very respectfully, JAS. F. DAVENPORT, Mayor.
IN BOARD OF ALDERMEN, June 4, 1877.
Referred to Committee on Accounts, and sent for concurrence.
GEO. A. BALLARD, City Clerk.
Laid on the Table.
IN COMMON COUNCIL, June 4, 1877. A. B. LEONARD, Clerk.
Taken from the Table and concurred in.
IN COMMON COUNCIL, June 18, 1877. A. B. LEONARD, Clerk.
FALL RIVER, September 5, 1877.
At a meeting of the Committee of Accounts, held this day, to whom was referred the communication of His Honor the Mayor, respecting a "Centennial Volume," or " History of Fall River," present Aldermen Durfee and Davol, and Councilmen Webster and Greene ; Councilman Greene having been elected Clerk, it was
Voted, That Henry H. Earl, Esq., be invited to co-operate with the Committee, and to supervise the preparation of a "Centennial History of Fall River."
WM. S. GREENE, Clerk.
CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF FALL RIVER.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGE
FALL RIVER : SKETCH OF ITS ORIGIN AND CORPORATE EPOCHS,
I-6
Its Natural Advantages, 6-8
Cotton Manufactures from 1810-1820, 9-22
1820-1830, 22-35
= 1830-1845, 35-56 = = 1845-1860, 56-62
= 16 1860-1876, 62-70
GROWTH OF THE COTTON INDUSTRY IN AMERICA, 71-97
MACHINES AND PROCESSES OF MANUFACTURE, . 98-III
STATISTICS OF COTTON MANUFACTURE IN FALL RIVER, II2
ORGANIZATION OF CORPORATIONS, 113-118
SKETCH OF EACH CORPORATION, 118-150
EDUCATIONAL, RELIGIOUS, MUNICIPAL, AND FINANCIAL FEATURES OF FALL RIVER :
Public Library, Churches, Cemeteries, Parks, Drives, Local Nomenclature, Water Works, Fire Department, Banks and Savings Institutions, Custom-House and Post-Office, and City Hall, 151-184 .
NEWSPAPERS AND STEAM MARINE :
History of Press of Fall River, Steam Marine of Mount Hope Bay, . 185-197 HISTORICAL, POLITICAL, AND SOCIAL PHASES :
Reminiscences of Col. Joseph Durfee ; Fall River in the Civil War ; Fall River's " West End ;" Settlement of State Boundaries, 1862 ; Great Fire of July 2, 1843; Population of Fall River from 1810-1875 ; Valuations, etc., from 1854-1875, . 198-219
CELEBRATION OF THE ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE AT FALL
RIVER, JULY 4, 1876, 220-222 CORPORATE ANNALS OF FALL RIVER :
Sketches of Mayors ; Act of Incorporation of Fall River in 1803 ; Change of Corporate Name; Town Officers from 1803 to 1854; Members of Congress ; Mayors; State Senators and Representatives ; Formation of a City Government ; List of City Officers for 1877, . . 223-248
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE
CITY HALL,
View,
Frontispiece
AMERICAN PRINT WORKS, .
ANTHONY, DAVID,
Portrait,
II
BORDEN, JEFFERSON,
41
BORDEN, RICHARD, .
47
BORDER CITY MILLS, .
View, .
I43
" BRISTOL," STEAMER,
189
BUFFINTON, JAMES,
Portrait,
225
CHACE, OLIVER,
15
CITY PARK,
View, .
158
CUSTOM-HOUSE AND POST-OFFICE, .
182
DAVOL MILLS,
=
58
DAVOL, STEPHEN,
Portrait, .
56
61
DURFEE, NATHAN,
53
EDDY, JESSE,
34
ENGINE-HOUSE,
View,
167
FALL RIVER BLEACHERY,
147
FALL RIVER IN '1812, MAP OF, 4
FALL RIVER SAVINGS BANK,
I70
MECHANICS' MILLS, .
129
View,
MERCHANTS' MILLS,
I27
SLADE SCHOOL-HOUSE,
15I
.
37
DAVOL, WM. C., .
FALL RIVER
FALL RIVER
WE'LL TA
AND ITS
FOUNDED,
A. D. 1803.
INDUSTRIES.
INCORPO
1854
CITY
A
SKETCH OF ITS ORIGIN AND CORPORATE EPOCHS.
N TEAR the head of Mount Hope Bay, at the date of the landing of the Pilgrims, a small stream, stealing its waters from a succession of long, narrow and deep lakes that lay in an elevated plateau a short league distant from the shore line, made its way westward to the sea. The stream was insignificant both in volume and expanse, its broadest part hardly exceeding a rod, yet it ran down a constantly descending, often abrupt, channel with such vehement rapidity that its daily contribution to the beautiful estuary was far from inconsiderable. Its course from the start was over a hard granite formation, and its last half mile of life a constant struggle to hold its own with the air and rock, and save as much as possible of itself for the outstretched palm of Narragansett. The Indian vocabulary found a fitting expression for the little stream in the word Quequechan, " Falling Water," while the lakes were named Watuppa, or place of boats.
It is doubtful if Quequechan, though in the midst of the hunting grounds of populous tribes, and paying its tribute to the Bay at a point nearly opposite the rocky mount upon which the Wampanoags and Pocassets under King Philip had erected their strongest fortress, was any thing more than a bab-
2
FALL RIVER AND ITS INDUSTRIES.
bling rivulet in the savage estimation, and the name was but an ordinary and natural application of Indian sentiment. Time, however, has preserved the sense if not the letter of aboriginal nomenclature ; Watuppa remains the name of the lakes, and Falling Water is still suggested in the less poctieal Fall River of our own day.
The first settlement of the region comprising and immediately adjacent to the city of Fall River was in the regular course of expansion of the Ply- mouth Colony, and about the year 1656. In this year, on the 3d of July, the Gencral Court of Plymouth granted to a number of Freemen of the jurisdic- tion a tract of land east of Taunton River, four miles in width, and from six to seven in length, bounded on the south by Quequechan, and on the north by Assonet Neck. Three years subsequently this grant was confirmed by a warrantee deed signed by the local sachems, the consideration being "twenty coats, two rugs, two iron pots, two kettles and one little kettle, eight pairs of shoes, six pairs of stockings, one dozen hoes, one dozen hatchets, two yards of broadcloth and a debt satisfied to John Barnes, which was due from Wam- sitta to John Barnes." This grant was termed the Freemen's Purchase, and after incorporation in 1683, Freetown. "The first settlers," says that indus- trious and correct student of local history, the late Rev. Orin Fowler, in a series of papers published in 1841, " were principally from Plymouth, Marsh- field, and Scituate. Some were from Taunton, and a few from Rhode Island. The early names were Cudworth, Winslow, Morton, Read, Hathaway, Durfee, Terry, Borden, Brightman, Chase, and Davis. The Purchase was divided into twenty-six shares, and the shares were set off-whether by lot or otherwise does not appear-to the several purchasers. After the division into shares was made, there was a picce of land between the first lot or share and Tiverton bounds, which in 1702 it was voted by the proprietors be sold 'to procure a pieec of land ncar the centre of the town for a burying place, a training field, or any other publie use the town shall see cause to improve it for.' Accord- ingly this piece of land was sold to John Borden, of Portsmouth, R. I., the highest bidder, for nine pounds and eight shillings, and was the territory on which that part of the village south of Bedford street, and north of the stream, now stands. This John Borden is believed to be the ancestor of all who sustain his namc in this vicinity."
The occupation of the region north of Quequechan by settlers attracted attention to the locality, and a legitimate result was a second grant by the Governor, Treasurer and Assistants in 1680, to eight persons-Edward Gray, of Plymouth; Nathaniel Thomas, of Marshfield; Benjamin Church, Daniel Wilcox and Thomas Manchester, of Puneatest; and Christopher and John Almy and Thomas Waite, of Portsmouth, R. I .- of a tract extending south-
3
ORIGIN AND CORPORATE EPOCHS.
ward along the Bay, from the stream Quequechan to the town of Dartmouth and Seaconnet, and inland from four to six miles. This grant was likewise of territory bought from the Indian sachems for the sum of {1100, and was termed the Pocasset Purchase, its township name being after incorporation Tiverton.
Of the Pocasset Purchase Mr. Fowler records a division into shares, following the precedent of its neighboring grant; we quote his words in full, as having a double interest in awarding due credit for the first practical reali- zation of the value of Quequechan, and identifying the original entire control of the water-power with a name that has ever since been so worthily associated with the growth of Fall River. The Benjamin Church referred to was the great captain in the King Philip wars, a man verily for the time, before whose intrepid courage and wise command the great chief of the Wampanoags fell a victim, and his successor Annawan yielded himself captive. "The Pocasset Purchase (after reserving thirty rods wide adjacent to the Freemen's Purchase and the river, and some other small tracts) was divided into thirty shares and distributed among the proprietors,-the lot nearest the river being numbered one. This piece of land, including the water-power on the south side of the river to (the present) Main street, and on both sides east of said street to Watuppa Pond, containing sixty-six acres of land, was also divided into thirty shares and sold to the original purchasers. Colonel Church and his brother Caleb, of Watertown (who was a millwright), bought twenty-six and a half of the thirty shares, and thereby became the chief owners of the water-power. On the 8th of August, 1691, Caleb Church sold his right in this property (13} shares) to his brother Benjamin, who then became the owner of twenty-six and a half shares. Probably John Borden purchased the other three and a half shares. In 1703, Colonel Church had moved to Fall River and improved the water-power, by erecting a saw-mill, grist-mill and fulling-mill. His dwelling-house stood between the present residence of Colonel Richard Borden and that of his brother Jefferson, and remained till within forty years. He continued at Fall River but a few years ; and Sept. 18th, 1714, sold the above named twenty-six and a half shares to Richard Borden of Tiverton, and Joseph Borden of Freetown, sons of John ; and thus the lands on both sides of the river, with all the water-power, came into the possession of the Borden family, John Borden having previously purchased that on the north side west of Main street."
The writer adds in a foot-note that Caleb Church sold his interest for £100. "At this rate the whole sixty-six acres was valued in 1691 at about $740. The piece on the north side cost John Borden about $31.34; total, $771.34. This included the whole of the water-power and most of the land where the village now stands, together with a strip east to Watuppa Pond. Twenty-six and a half shares of the above sixty-six acres were sold by Colonel Church in 1714 for {1000."
4
FALL RIVER AND ITS INDUSTRIES.
The neighborhood annals do not indicate an extraordinary increase in the population or other relative importance of the two towns create \ out of the Plymouth grants, during the century succeeding their origina! settlement. From data that still remain, it is evident that the settlers were generally engaged in agriculture, with the usual proportion that prosccute the small mechanical and other industries patronized by a rural community, and possibly a larger component attracted by local associations to scafaring pursuits. For some years the original centre of population of the Frecmen's Purchase, or Freetown, was at a point a little south of the small tributary of the Taunton known as Mother's Brook, not far from the extreme northern bound of the proprietary. At the southern boundary a colony was gathered, where Colonel Church's mills were located on the stream (which began to be called Fall River-the Indian name giving place to the more prosaic term of the whites), and with the progress of time exhibited a gradual accretion, mostly from new- comers. This growth was, however, very small for several decades, and appears to have almost ceased at the commencement of the present century, notwithstanding the excellent harbor and the natural advantages of the water- power. " In the year 1803," observes the reliable authority before quoted, " there were only eighteen dwelling-houses and about one hundred inhabitants where the village now is. In North Main street there were six houses, occu- pied by Charles Durfee, Daniel Buffinton, John Luther, Abner Davol, John Cook, and Mary Borden. In East Central street there were four, occupied by Nathan Bowen, Perry Borden, Seth Borden, and Elihu Cook. In West Central street there were two, occupied by Nathan Borden and Daniel Borden. In South Main street there were five, occupied by Simeon Borden, Richard Borden, Thomas Borden, Benjamin Brayton, and Francis Brayton. Near the shore there was one occupied by Thomas Borden. Of these eighteen families nine were Bordens."
By Act of Legislature of Feb. 26th, 1803, a considerable part of the ancient proprietary of Freetown was detached and erected into a township named Fall River (changed to Troy in 1804, and again to its present name in 1834), the first corporate existence of the place now known all over the globe as, with one exception, the largest cloth-producing community on its surface.
Before, however, the embryo municipality should find itself permanently bounded or even an undivided whole under a single state or township gov- ernment, a question long at issue between first the provinces and subse- quently the federal States of Massachusetts and Rhode Island was to be settled. This question, due to an original conflict of royal patents granted to the two provinces, finally resolved itself into a dispute as to boundaries,
SladesFerry
Daniel Brightman
ANE
A .Joseph Brightman
MAP
A Jonathan Brightman
Deacon's Point
ACitar Tree
AJoseph.E. Read
Ezra Davol
Po Jonathan Brownell.
As thel_Borden
Prepared from correet data by Cook Borden Esq.™
Wanting Hathaway 4 John Wrightington 4 H
Bliffon
SCALE
0
5oo
1000
2000
3000
4000
Benje Chace
Fodorner
Aaron Borden
Butts
Jonathan Barnaby
John Dziel
AJohn Church
PE French
School House
1.D. Challaner
North Line of Rodman Farm
Durfee Whid
Button wood Trees
Cheurles Darfor Want Nabby
Dan Buffintunn
A
DŽERIPARK!
Cider Mil { ...
Johnlathen
South Line of' Rodman. Farmi
Stone Heap Lindseyilf han
Little Red Ho.
AdarMurot
Borden
Blihu Cooke
Han. Garter
A Sanford.
Solito
Black Sm Shop
Th Dorden'y
SBordervi
Th.Borden &
Jos. Church4
Long Pond
Black Sm &h.
Barn
Tos Borden
D.Willard
Large White oak
Barn
Fresh Pond
Sherman CE . a MeetingIto.
Walnut Tree
Bar war
IStillwell
E-Bar we Rolling Rock
a Job Sowle
Barn V
Bar Way
Borden
Chum. Warren
Mich' Black
Allen &
JobBorden
Olis-Crocker
Boat Ho.
tyR Durfee Allow Free
AberCrooker
"Barn
Geo Crocker
OldFlats
Prince ATTIN
W. Durfee
.John Jenks
Meeting Ho.
Daniel Curry
Nath Borden
Jack Durfee
Silas Giffard
Black & Sh
John Perry
Pardon Davis
Corner SchoolHo.
HiverCook
Isdich Jack
Demn" Giffard
Thank Negas
TAUNTON
GdyBor Sider. H.
ISharmutn.
Une Borden
Thom Sawyer
TBorden's
mon Bowen (colored )
» Boat H.
Round Pond
Ben Brayton g
ABarn
"@ Oak Tree
G.Read
Dav" Gifford
rook
Button Wood Tree
,
Bar Way
Robeson Farut
Line of Division St
Negus
Land cultivated. in Highway
Land occupied in
Highway & cultivated In
IMingo
Narrows
SOUTH WATUPRA POND
Head ofthe River
FALL RIVER
RIVER
in 1812
X.Sanford
Boat.E.
PeakedRocks
5
ORIGIN AND CORPORATE EPOCHS.
a royal confirmation of a commission's report in 1746 having set over to Rhode Island several towns previously within the sovereignty of Massachu- setts. One of these towns was Tiverton, the old Pocasset proprietary. For many years, so far as the territorial transfer was concerned, it was conceded by Massachusetts ; but an uncertainty existed as to the correct execution of the King's orders defining the line of boundary. Even after the colonial independence was established, this indefiniteness of the survey remained, succeeding commissions in 1791 and 1844 being unable to determine the matter. The difficulty grew with consecutive years and with a greater ratio as the manufacturing enterprise of Fall River developed, annually adding, both to the population and capital absorbed in its special industries ; the assumed and conceded northern line of Tiverton, though quite a remove south of the purchase boundary upon the stream itself, under the status quo exercising jurisdiction over and claiming taxes from a very considerable part of its people and property. In 1854, the thriving town having attained the conventional dignity of population, was made a city, and the vexatious complication became yet more serious. But yet seven years were still to elapse before a solution of the difficulty was reached and the boundary cor- rectly adjusted. In 1861 this object was finally accomplished, and Fall River, no longer obliged to acknowledge two jurisdictions, found herself richer in territory by nine square miles, in population by 3593, and in taxable property by $1,948,378.
The foregoing very brief chapter of history simply sketches the origin and corporate epochs of Fall River. Its annals during the Revolutionary War and the later contest with the mother country are so like those of other localities on the coast, exposed to invasion by their convenient access and secure harborage, that it is not needful to embody them in a purely indus- trial work. The little community, suffice it here to say, during both strug- gles bore its part loyally and bravely in support of the Declaration, repelling important assaults of British troops as well as crushing a dangerous demon- stration of Toryism within its own limits ; and those who read the record of the early period will find prominently associated with the organization and conduct of the patriot cause, conspicuous in counsel and action, the same names, the Bordens, Durfees, and others, that are identified with every stage of the material progress of Fall River.
From a very interesting little local publication, designed as a con- venient medium of information, and admirably combining in petto the depart- ments of history and directory, we extract the following general view of Fall River and its industries, as a preliminary to a more detailed account of their united development :
6
FALL RIVER AND ITS INDUSTRIES.
"The busy, bustling city of Fall River is the embodiment of the sagacity, energy, and successful industry of her own people. No city or town engaged in similar pursuits has greater eause for satisfaction, or can refer to stronger reasons for the exereise of a just pride. in the achievements of her own citizens. Most of the large manufacturing towns of New Eng- land are the representation of the surplus capital of the older commercial cities. Fall River is the outgrowth of home industry and good manage- ment, which, under the blessings of a benign Providenee, have given her a foremost rank in manufacturing eities, and a continued success rarely enjoyed by those engaged in manufacturing or commereial pursuits. Her citizens have at various times met with reverses, in the way of eonflagrations and strikes, but upon recovering from them, inereased prosperity has been the result ; and whether in manufacturing or other business, the immense eapital which is wielded here is strictly within the hands of her own citizens.
" The words or motto of her corporate seal, 'We'll Try,' have thus received a most significant and praetieal exposition, and, to-day, the swiftly developing interests of Fall River represent a productive foree at least double that of any other New England eity engaged in the same class of pursuits. Business is managed with a thrift and exaetness seldom attained ; but thrift and exactness are not allowed to degenerate into littleness, nor are preconceived opinions held with a tenaeity which amounts to stubbornness. Her manufacturers are conseious that the world advanees, and desire to advanee with it, adopting those suggestions which are reasonable, keeping fully up to the demands of edueated labor, desirous of promoting the interests of their employés in wages, hours of labor, and mental and physical requisites, and making them feel that the interests of employer and employed are one and inseparable.
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