USA > Massachusetts > Bristol County > Fall River > Centennial history of Fall River, Mass. : comprising a record of its corporate progress from 1656 to 1876, with sketches of its manufacturing industries, local and general characteristics, valuable statistical tables, etc. > Part 18
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The system of local instruction, ordered by the admirable educational laws of the State, is thoroughly organized and generously sustained, general tuition being provided in I high school, 19 grammar schools, 26 intermediate, 57 primary, and 2 evening schools. The report for 1876 shows a force of 131 teachers and an attendance of 4,918 pupils, the total expenditure of the municipality for educational purposes being $134,964, of which $76,163 was teachers' wages.
The city is provided with a free public library and several circulating libraries, all of which are well supplied with the most recent publications, and are accessible to all. There are also numerous private and society libraries and local book-clubs, and it is a well-authenticated fact that Fall River has a
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FALL RIVER AND ITS INDUSTRIES.
much greater proportion of readers than is commonly found outside of the larger and wealthier cities.
In its secular and religious teachings, Fall River appears determined, notwithstanding all obstacles, to maintain a good moral reputation in the community. The great evil with which all manufacturing cities and towns have to contend, at the present day, especially, is the indiscriminate sale and use of stimulants, and with this evil the moral and sober-minded people of Fall River arc constantly battling. It is worthy of note, however, as being somewhat at variance with the commonly received opinion concerning ignor- ance and crime, that there is much less punishable vice and criminality in Fall River than in most manufacturing places. There is comparatively little violence, pilfering, or prostitution. Although poor and ignorant, the new population of Fall River is industrious, and shows no serious proclivity to offend against good order. One reason for this prevalence of good order is doubtless the policy of the manufacturers to secure for operatives men and women with families, and not a mere shifting class, moving from one manu- facturing town to another as their necessities require.
While the principal manufacturing business of Fall River consists in the production of print cloths, its industrial activity is also largely engaged in the printing of calicoes, in the manufacture of iron, in the forms of hoops, rods, nails, castings, etc., and of machinery. In the various machine shops of the city is manufactured machinery of every description, though mostly con- fined to cotton machinery. No better cotton machinery is found in the country than that made at Fall River.
The harbor formed at the mouth of Taunton River is safe, commodious, easy of access, and deep enough for ships of the largest class. The navigable interests of the city are by no means inconsiderable, and besides the vessels owned in the place and engaged in the coasting trade, many, and some of them of a large class, are annually chartered to bring from foreign and domes- tic ports lumber, coal, iron, and various other articles required for local con- sumption.
The district of Fall River includes the ports of Taunton, Dighton, Somerset, Freetown, and Swansca. The registration includes 92 sailing ves- sels, with a tonnage of 11,733 ; 23 steamers, with a tonnage of 15,025 ; and 6 barges, with a tonnage of 1,974 ; or a total measurement of 28,732 tons.
The city has within its borders, and in its immediate vicinity, an inex- haustible supply of fine granite, equal in quality to any in the country. This granite is extensively wrought, giving employment to and affording support for numerous persons. The fortifications at Newport, R. I., and the founda- tions of the State House at Albany, N. Y., were constructed mainly with
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PUBLIC LIBRARY.
granite obtained from these quarries, and it has been used largely for building purposes in the city itself.
Of fine public buildings there are comparatively few, but the elegant, commodious new Central Church, built of brick and sandstone in the Vic- torian early English Gothic style, stately in proportions, complete in detail and reputed to be one of the most perfect ecclesiastical structures in New England ; the Episcopal Church, unique, yet chaste and beautiful with its rough ashlar work and brick trimmings; the substantial and massive Borden Block, containing the Academy of Music and numerous fine stores and offices ; together with the Fall River Savings and Pocasset Bank buildings, the older Granite Block and City Hall, recently transformed at large expense into a noble edifice of modern style, give a foretaste of what may be expected in this direction when capital is a little more at leisure.
Fall River includes the localities popularly known as Copicut, Globe Village, Mechanicsville, Mount Hope Village, New Boston, and Steep Brook.
The municipality is divided into six wards, and is governed by a mayor, a board of aldermen of one member and a common council of three mem- bers from each ward. It is the seat of the Second District Court of Bristol County, and has a police force of 70 members, under the city marshal.
Fall River is 49 miles south of Boston, 183 miles north-east of New York, 17 miles south of Taunton, 18 miles south-east of Providence, 14 miles west of New Bedford, and 18 miles north of Newport. Daily lines of steamers connect Fall River, Providence, Newport, and New York, while three lines of railways give ample passenger and freight communications inland. Four- teen passenger trains pass to and fro between Fall River and Boston daily.
PUBLIC LIBRARY.
A free public library, where the people of both sexes and all classes may have easy and constant access to a large and well-stored treasury of the world's lore in literature, science, and art, is the crowning glory of that sys- tem of public education which has been, from her earliest history, the pride of Massachusetts. The system of public instruction in the common schools, excellent as it is, closes with the period of childhood. The great and im- portant work of educating the people demands an agency which shall con- tinue its operation after the school-days are over, and when the active duties of mature age have been reached. To meet this demand, the system of public libraries was inaugurated, the first institution of the kind known to the world being established in Massachusetts in 1853.
In 1860, an ordinance was passed by the City Government of Fall
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FALL RIVER AND ITS INDUSTRIES.
River for the establishment of a free public library, and an appropriation made for its maintenance. A library room was provided in the City Hall, building, and properly fitted for the purpose. The Fall River Athenaeum, cs- tablished in 1835, transferred to the city its collection of some 2400 volumes, other contributions were made by associations and individuals, and the library was opened to the public May Ist, 1861. During the first ycar, the subscribers numbered 1,248, to whom were delivered 30,252 volumes, at an average of nearly 100 volumes per day.
The successful experience of each year since its organization has afforded conclusive evidence of the uscfulness and stability of the institution. For the year ending August Ist, 1876, there were issued 130,717 volumes, at a daily average of 437 volumes, and also for the same period 67,960 periodicals, at a daily average of 227. The number of subscribers was 5,299, and the total number of books in the library was 14,448 volumes.
The original space assigned to the library soon became too limited for its use, and various expedients were resorted to for temporary relief, but no adequate provision was made until the completion of the alterations of the City Hall building (1872-3), when the whole lower floor was arranged and fitted with every convenience for the purposes of a library and reading- room. The latter is one of the finest in the State, being light, pleasant, cheerful, and spacious, and easy of access to the public. The government of the library is vested in a board of trustees consisting of the mayor, ex officio, and six other citizens.
CHURCHES.
There are in the city twenty-six churches, well arranged and commodious, supplied with well-educated and talented preachers, and attended by fair- sized and some of them by large congregations. Mission schools, shedding the kindly influence of Christianity here and there, have been established in various parts of the city, and, under the care of devoted and self-sacrificing teachers, have continued from year to year with growing numbers and in- creasing usefulness.
First Baptist Church .- Organized, 1781. Church on North Main Street, corner of Pine Street. Built, 1850. Pastors : Revs. Amos Burroughs, 1783-4 ; James Boomer, 1795-1803 ; Job Borden, 1795-1833; Arthur A. Ross, 1827-29 ; Bradley Minor, 1830-33 ; Seth Ewer, 1830-33 ; Asa Bron- son, 1833-44 ; Velona R. Hotchkiss, 1845-49 ; A. P. Mason, 1850-53 ; Jacob R. Scott, 1853-4; P. B. Haughwout, 1855-70; Daniel C. Eddy, D.D., 1871-73 ; Albion K. P. Small, 1874 -.
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RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES.
First Congregational Church .- Organized, 1816. Church on North Main Street, corner of Elm Street. Built, 1832. Pastors: Revs. Augustus B. Reed, 1823-25 ; Thomas M. Smith, 1826-31; Orin Fowler, 1831-50; Benjamin J. Relyea, 1850-56 ; J. Lewis Diman, 1856-60; Soloman P. Fay, 1861-63 ; William W. Adams, 1864 -.
Society of Friends .- Organized, 1819. Church on North Main Street, between Pine and Cherry streets. Built, 1836. Overseer in Fall River, Nathan Chace. The first meetings of the Society of Friends in Fall River were held about the year 1812, the attendants coming mostly over the river from Swansea and Somerset.
First Methodist Episcopal Church .- Organized, 1826. Church on South Main Street, opposite Borden Street. Built, 1844. Pastors : Revs. N. B. Spaulding, E. T. Taylor, E. Blake, D. Webb, J. M. Bidwell, S. B. Hascall, M. Staples, J. Fillmore, H. Brownson, P. Crandall, previous to 1840. Revs. Isaac Bonney, 1840; Thomas Ely, 1842 ; George F. Pool, 1844; James D. Butler, 1845; David Patten, 1847; Daniel Wise, 1849; Frederick Upham, 1851 ; Elisha B. Bradford, 1853 ; John Howson, 1855; Thomas Ely, 1857 ; Andrew Mckeown, 1859; Chas. H. Payne, 1861 ; Henry Baylies, 1863 ; Joseph H. James, 1865 ; John D. King, 1867; S. L. Gracey, 1870; Alfred A. Wright, 1871 ; Ensign McChesney, 1874.
First Christian Church .- Organized, 1829. Church on Franklin Street, corner of Purchase Street. Built, 1844. Pastors : Revs. Joshua V. Hines, Benjamin Taylor, H. Taylor, James Taylor, Simon Clough, M. Lane, A. G. Cummings, Jonathan Thompson, previous to 1840 ; Revs. P. R. Russell, 1841 ; A. M. Averill, 1843 ; Elijah Shaw, 1845 ; Charles Morgridge, 1847 ; Stephen Fellows, 1848 ; David E. Millard, 1852; B. S. Fanton, 1855; Thomas Holmes, 1863 ; Hiram J. Gordon, 1865 ; S. Wright Butler, 1866.
Unitarian Church .- Organized, 1832. Church on North Main Street, between Cherry and Locust streets. Built, 1860. Pastors : Revs. George W. Briggs, 1834-1837 A.C. L. Arnold, 1840; John F. W. Ware, 1843 ; Sam- uel Longfellow, 1848 ; Josiah K. Waite, 1852; W. B. Smith, 1860; Charles W. Buck, 1864 ; Joshua Young, 1869; Charles H. Tindell, 1875-1877.
Church of the Ascension (Protestant Episcopal) .- Organized, 1836. Church on Rock Street, between Franklin and Pine streets. Built, 1875. Rectors : Revs. P. H. Geeenleaf, 1836-1837 ; George M. Randall, 1838- 1845 ; Amos D. McCoy, 1845-1847 ; Emery M. Porter, 1849-1862 ; A. M. Wylie, 1863-1868 ; John Hewitt, 1870-1872 ; Henry E. Hovey, 1872-1873 ; William McGlathery, 1874-1876 ; William T. Fitch, 1877.
Central Congregational Church .- Organized, 1842. Church on Rock Street, between Bank and Franklin streets. Built, 1875. Pastors : Revs.
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FALL RIVER AND ITS INDUSTRIES.
Samuel Washburn, 1844-1849; Eli Thurston, 1849-1869; Michael Burn- ham, 1870.
Second Baptist Church .- Organized, 1846. Church on South Main Street, between Annawan and Spring streets. Built, 1838. Pastors : Revs. Asa Bronson, 1846-1857; Charles A. Snow, 1858-1864 ; John Duncan, D.D., 1865-1870 ; Frank R. Morse, 1871-1873 ; Henry C. Graves, 1874.
United Presbyterian Church .- Organized, 1846. Church on Pearl Street, corner of Annawan Street. Built, 1851. Pastors : Revs. David A. Wallace, 1851-1853 ; William Maclaren, 1854-1867 ; Joshua R. Kyle, 1869- 1875 ; James H. Turnbull, 1876.
St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal Church .- Organized, 1851. Church on Bank Street, between Main and Rock Streets. Built, 1852. Pastors : Revs. Ralph W. Allen, 1851 ; John Hobart, 1853 ; M. J. Talbot, 1855 ; Samuel C. Brown, 1857; J. B. Gould, 1859; J. A. M. Chapman, 1861 ; Samuel C. Brown, 1863 ; Alfred A. Wright, 1865 ; George Bowler, 1866; Francis J. Wagner, 1868 ; Emory J. Haynes, 1870; George E. Reed, 1872 ; George W. Woodruff, D.D., 1875.
Brayton Methodist Episcopal Church .- Organized, 1854. Church on Globe Street, Globe Village. Built, 1850. Pastors : Revs. A. H. Worthing, 1855 ; C. A. Merrill, 1857; A. U. Swinerton, 1859; Elihu Grant, 1861 ; William P. Hyde, 1869; George H. Lamson, 1871 ; Charles S. Morse, 1873 ; Edward A. Lyon, 1875.
Church of the New Jerusalem .- Organized, 1854. Church on Rock Street, between Cherry and Locust streets. Built, 1869. Leader, John Westall.
North Christian Church .- Organized, 1842. Church on North Main Road, Steepbrook. Pastors: Revs. William Shurtleff, 1861 ; Moses P. Favor, 1866 ; Charles T. Camp, 1872; O. P. Bessey, 1874 ; O. O. Wright, 1876.
North Methodist Episcopal Church .- Organized, 1859. Church on North Main Road, Steepbrook. Built, 1854. Pastors: Revs. Philip Cran- don, 1861 ; George H. Manchester, 1863 ; John Gifford, 1865 ; John Q. Adams, 1867; J. G. Gammons, 1869; Philip Crandon, 1871; R. W. C. Farnsworth, 1873.
Quarry Street Methodist Episcopal Church .- Organized, 1870. Church on Quarry Street, between Bedford and Pleasant streets. Built, 1870. Pastors : Revs. Samuel M. Beal, 1873 ; Richard Povey, 1875.
Third Baptist Church .- Organized, 1871. Church on Brownell Street, Mechanicsville. Pastors : Revs. Ambler Edson, 1872-1873; Frederick A. Lockwood, 1874-1876.
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Third Congregational Church .- Organized, 1874. Church on Hanover Street, corner of Maple Street. Built, 1874. Pastors : Revs. Leander S. Coan, 1874 ; Calvin Keyser, 1875.
Terry Street Methodist Episcopal Church .- Organized, 1875. Church on North Main Road corner of Terry Street. Built 1875. Pastor, Rev. William B. Heath, 1875.
Central Mission Sabbath School .- Organized, 1854. Chapel on Pleasant Street, corner of Sixth Street. Rev. Edwin A. Buck, missionary.
Columbia Street Mission (Baptist) .- Organized, 1859. Chapel on Columbia Street, corner of Canal Street.
New Boston Chapel, New Boston Road .- Organized, 1860. Pastor, Rev. James L. Pierce.
King Philip Mission (Congregational) .- Organized, 1874. Rev. Robert F. Gordon, missionary, 1875-1876.
St. Mary's Church (Roman Catholic) .- Organized, 1836. Church on Spring Street, between Main and Second streets. Pastors : Revs. John Corry, Richard Hardy, Edward Murphy, 1840; Assistant Pastors: Revs. John O'Connell, Cornelius McSweeney, 1875.
Church of the Sacred Heart (Roman Catholic) .- Organized, 1873. Church on Linden Street, between Bank and Pine streets. Pastor, Rev. Mathias McCabe, 1875 ; Assistant, Rev. James Masterson, 1875.
St. Ann's Church (French Catholic) .- Organized, 1873. Church on Hunter Street, corner of William Street. Pastor, Rev. A. de Montaubricq, 1873.
St. Joseph's Church (Roman Catholic) .- Organized, 1874. Church on North Main Road, opposite North Cemetery. Pastor, Rev. William H. Bric, 1874.
St. Patrick's Church (Roman Catholic) .- Organized, 1874. Church on Slade Street, Globe Village. Pastor, Rev. J. Kelley, 1874.
Our Lady of Lourdes ( French Catholic) .- Organized, 1874. Church on Bassett Street, corner of Ashton Street, Flint Village. Pastor, Rev. P. J. B Bedard, 1874.
CEMETERIES.
Oak Grove Cemetery occupies an elevated spot in the north-easterly sec- tion of the city. The land for this purpose, purchased in 1855, originally comprised a lot of forty-seven acres, which was enlarged in 1866 by the pur- chase of twenty-eight acres adjoining. The ground is well laid out with gravelled walks and roadways, and its natural beauties enhanced by a taste- fully ordered profusion of trees, shrubbery, and flowers. Numerous monu-
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FALL RIVER AND ITS INDUSTRIES.
ments of artistic design have already been erected. A shrewd philosopher in social science has said, " Let me sce the burial-placc of a people and I can tell the degree of taste, refinement, and kindly feeling that exists among them." In the application of such a test, Fall River has little to fear, Oak Grove, though limited in cxtent, being already one of the most beautiful cemeteries in New England.
The North Cemetery, upon North Main Road, was for many years the principal burial-place of the city. After the purchase and laying out of Oak Grove Cemetery, the remains of many persons there interred were trans- ferred to the new grounds. Quite contiguous to the North Cemetery is another cemetery owned and occupied by the Roman Catholics, this denomination also owning other cemeteries in the outskirts north and south of the city.
PARKS.
Fall River possesses so large and uninterrupted a prospective of sur- rounding land and water, that the absence of a specially ordered and arranged area of pleasure-ground in the very centre of industry and life might easily be pardoned. Ten or, at the most, twenty minutes' walk in any direction will take one into the country or bring him to the shores of the beautiful bay, while many parts of the resident region, with their broad avenues and well-shaded open spaces, fairly justify at least the suggestion of rus in urbe. With such immediate land and sea scape, a more sordid municipal organiza- tion would not have been seriously blamed if large and valuable territory, now allotted to the uses of relaxation and pleasure, had been put to business purposes and covered with mills, shops, or dwellings. The brains that planned and the capital and enterprise that have promoted the growth of Fall River have happily entertained a more generous and humanitarian view of their trust. Appreciating the gregarious nature of a community of work- ing people, the first thought was to provide an easily accessible ground for their assemblage and enjoyment out of labor hours. The initial step in this direction was taken in 1868, the municipal government securing two areas of unimproved land, one in the north-east and the other in the southern part of the city. The former, comprising some fifteen acres, includes a fine natu- ral plantation, previously known as Ruggles's Grove, and, in the possession of such sylvan attractiveness, required little if any additional outlay to render it a charming and salubrious resort. The growth of trees is luxuriant and the contour of the land comely, so that, with the exception of a very few private properties, this little territory is one of the most lovely spots in the city. The larger and more pretentious ground in the southern limits stretches from
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DRIVES AND LOCAL NOMENCLATURE.
Main Street to the Bay. It is sixty acres in area, having a length of 3,800 and a breadth of 800 feet. The eastern part, bounded by Main Street, is high table-ground, affording a view of the city to the north and the river with Mount Hope and Somerset shore to the west. Gradually sloping down to the water, it is superficially well adapted for grading and ornamenta- tion. Though originally lacking the umbrageous beauties of the " Grove," the large number of trees which have been set out on its borders promise be- fore many years to supply this serious deficiency, and, when the designs of the eminent landscape artists charged with its laying out have been exe- cuted, the new park will be a superb pleasure-ground for the community.
DRIVES.
The city possesses not a few beautiful drives, some of which cannot be excelled, especially those on the outskirts of the city proper. Highland Avenue stretches off along the margin of the hills to the north, affording numberless fine views up the river, and down the bay, and over the country beyond. " Eight Rod Way," so called because its width is just eight rods, is a pleasant avenue on the south, stretching along the margin of the South Watuppa, giving a fine view of the great granite factories along its borders, thence over the hill to Laurel Lake beyond, a beautiful sheet of water, around whose northern shore may be seen another cluster of mills, huge, substantial structures, alike noble and grand in appearance.
Broadway, leading from the south, also affords excellent views of the city, the bay, the opposite shores, and of Taunton River winding down from among the hills to the north ; while for calm, quiet country views, close at hand or stretching off miles in the hazy distance, the equal of North Main Road, on a bright sunny day, cannot often be found. To these may be added the longer drives-Bell Rock Road, the Pond Road, Stone Bridge Road, and the Ferry Road (to Somerset), each having its own peculiar attractions of quiet country life, of hill and dale, of meadow, brook, and woodland, or the more stirring scenes of the seashore, with the white glisten- ing sails of the shipping, the swiftly gliding steamers, and the rush of the rail- way cars.
LOCAL NOMENCLATURE.
Many of the corporations, banks, associations, and local institutions have assumed Indian names peculiar to the neighborhocd. The following is a list of such names, with a brief explanation of the origin and meaning of each.
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FALL RIVER AND ITS INDUSTRIES.
ANNAWAN-1600 (?)-1676. "An officer." A Wampanoag, one of King Philip's most famous captains. CANONICUS-1557 (?)-1647. Chief of the Narragansetts ; a friend of Roger Williams.
CORBITANT-1590 (?)-1624. Sachem of Pocasset tribe ; chief residence at Gardner's Neck, Swansea.
KING PHILIP-1628 (?)-1676. English name of Metacomet, youngest son of Massasoit, and his suc- cessor, in 1662, as chief of the Wampanoags.
MASSASOIT-1581-1661. Sachem of the Wampanoags and chief of the Indian confederacy formed of tribes in Eastern Massachusetts and Rhode Island. A staunch friend of the English.
METACOMET-Indian name of King Philip, second son of Massasoit.
MONTAUP-" The Head." Indian name of Mount Hope.
NARRAGANSETT-" At the Point." Indian tribe on west side of Narragansett Bay.
NIANTIC-" At the River Point." Sub-tribe of the Narragansetts.
POCASSET-" At the opening of the Strait"-i.e., Bristol Ferry into Mount Hope Bay. Indian name of territory now including Fall River and Tiverton.
QUEQUETEANT-" The place of falling water." Indian name of Fall River.
QUEQUECHAN-"It leaps or bounds." Indian name of the stream-Fall River-signifying falling water or quick-running water.
SAGAMORE-" A leader." Title of Indian chief.
TECUMSEH-1770-1813. Chief of the Shawnees ; distinguished for his eloquence, bravery, and manly virtues. Prominent on the Western frontier in the war of 1812.
WAMPANOAG-" East landers"-i.e., east of Narragansett Bay. Indian tribe dwelling north and east of Narragansett Bay, west of Mount Hope Bay.
WAMSUTTA-1625 (?)-1662. English name, Alexander. Eldest son and successor of Massasoit in 1661. WATUPPA-" Boats or the place of boats." Name of the ponds east of the city.
WEETAMOE-1620 (?)-1676. "Wise, shrewd, cunning." Daughter and successor of Corbitant as
sachem of the Pocasset tribe ; residence at Fall River ; drowned while crossing Slade's Ferry.
WATER WORKS AND FIRE DEPARTMENT.
The system of public water works, regarded by engineers as one of the most perfect, both in design and construction, in the Union, is justly a con- stant cause of self-congratulation to the residents of Fall River. The natural resources of the district in which the city has grown up, almost unique in the wealth and purity of their treasure, hardly need be suggested to the reader who has formed his own conception of the eastern plateau, extending parallel with the community of mills and residences, and bearing in its bosom the long chain of spring-fed lakes. Farther on will be given a comparative view of the enormous volume of water which this unequalled natural reservoir contains. The value of Watuppa to the city, regarded simply as an element in its indus- trial progress, is very great, but when its more recent service, as a sure and powerful antagonist of fire, and a never-failing purveyor of health, cleanliness, and comfort in every household, is considered, its worth is really beyond our powers of estimate.
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