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THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY
ASTOR, LENOX TILDEN FOUNDATIONS
aring Lon
MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF ESSEX COUNTY IN MASSACHUSETTS
1
TERCENTENARY EDITION
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· A classified work, devoted to the County's remarkable growth in all lines of human endeavor ; more especially to within a period of fifty years
BENJ. F. ARRINGTON Editor-in-Chief
VOLUME I.
1922 LEWIS HISTORICAL PUBLISHING COMPANY NEW YORK
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PUBLIC LIBRA 79407A AUTOR, LENOX AND TILMAN FOUNDATION. 1928
COPYRIGHT LEWIS HISTORICAL PUBLISHING CO. 1922
FOREWORD
More than three decades have elapsed since a history of Essex County was presented to the public. The animating purpose in the present work has been two-fold: First, that while provision be made for preservation of the essentials of a recorded past, sundry classifications (second) should also distinguish the activities that attend community growth as well as industrial and commercial expansion. To this end, various subjects have been taken up for individual treatment by writers qualified alike by local association and familiarity with fundamentals to deal befittingly with the matters thus assigned. And this leads to the observation, pertinent both to the moment and mention, that the list of these contributors does not, in all cases, correspond to the enumeration set forth in local preliminary prospectuses. By reason of illness, unexpected pressure of business, or other causes that need not be expressed, some of the listed contributors felt compelled to retire. In a few instances, such were the respective competencies of these gentlemen that the original engagements were held open, at embarrassment from the publishers' standpoint, until the printers were set at work. Then, when the fact became apparent that extension of time could not be rewarded with the promised papers, the common procedure followed, whereby experienced staff writers supplied the need.
While it would have been highly desirable to deal at length with the roster of men from Essex County communities who served in the late World War, in whatever capacity, the fact became manifest at an early stage that anything like adequate enrollment was entirely out of question. County, State and Federal records are yet in an incomplete form. Time, care and patience are among the essentials of such a record as shall com- mand full confidence. If any evidence were needed to demonstrate the imperativeness of awaiting more propitious conditions for the publication of such a record as is here indicated, that evidence could surely be found in Federal government listing of so-called "slackers," in which have appeared, unfortunate to add, the names of service men who either paid the supreme sacrifice on European battle fields, or else died from wounds or from disease contracted in the service. Here and there, to be sure, certain private local collections are reputed to be approximately complete. Even were these deemed competent for insertion in a history framed on lines which mark the present work, they are not available in every in- stance, primarily because of the intention on the part of their compilers to utilize them in a personal publication, later on. Without appearing, much less attempting, to derogate, it may be said, with perfect candor, that historical works should have for basis in the exploitation of so important a subject as the roster of men who entered the service of the United States in the World War that accuracy which is commonly associ- ated with government supervision, in conjunction with the larger re-
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sources of government. Hence the exclusion of even partial lists in this quarter from the special military section of the History. There has been an endeavor, however, carefully to compile the names of those heroes who sacrificed their lives in the late Titanic conflict. In all such listings, dependence has been placed upon local tabulations, under the auspices of town or city authority.
In the compilation of this work, due heed has been paid to the neces- sities of the constituency sought to be served, in order that individual interest in Massachusetts history, as it is concerned with the proud dis- tinction achieved by Essex County, might be both stimulated and satis- fied. This being the case, and that desire having formed the rule and guide to action, the History is presented to the public with the hope that it may prove no less welcome than acceptable.
As to the special contributors: Mr. Philip Emerson, principal of the Central Junior High School, Lynn, answered the call to write the "Geology and Geography" paper with which this work is prefaced. How well he has contributed to a wider understanding of an ever-interesting subject is attested by the article in question. Frank A. Gardner, M.D., of Salem, prepared "The Story of the Planters." As president of the Old Planters' Society, author of "The Founders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony," "John Endicott and the Men Who Came to Salem in the Abigail in 1626," "The Higginson-Skelton Migration to Salem in 1629," and other publications, he is fully equipped to deal with facts. "Bench and Bar," by Archie N. Frost, Esq., of Lawrence, clerk of courts of Essex county, is the contribution of a writer able to invest his recital with interest to lay readers. Mr. Francis Haseltine, of Lynn, (principal of the Western Junior High School, with a service of thirty-eight years in his profes- sion), deals entertainingly with the public schools of that city ; his refer- ences to the stimulation of patriotic impulses among the growing youth, as the resultant of juvenile identification with war work at home, are not without significance. "Witchcraft," by Mr. Winfield S. Nevins, of Salem, (whose decease followed not long after the submission of his article), is a resumé of merit. A ready writer on historical subjects, he was able, by reason of previous authorship and study of the witchcraft delusion in Essex county, to speak understandingly. Hon. Albert L. Bartlett, of Haverhill, a prominent figure in the political and commercial life of that city, (Mayor, 1915-1916, and present Commissioner of Pub- lic Safety), has portrayed the progress of Haverhill from its early be- ginnings to the present; the reader will note that the material concerns are treated in the division germane to the city's industrial development. Miss Annie Stevens Perkins, of Lynnfield Centre, who has contributed to the "Youth's Companion" and other publications, tells the story of the growth of Lynnfield. The history of Georgetown is divided between
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FOREWORD
Miss Ellen W. Spofford and Mr. Harold F. Blake, a member of the news- paper fraternity. The former deals specifically with various features in- timately connected with purely historical aspects, while Mr. Blake ad- dresses himself to the general history. Mr. George W. Noyes is the author of the paper on Georgetown's educational interests. Dr. Charles H. Bangs, of Swampscott, vice-president of the Massachusetts Society Sons of the American Revolution, president of the University of Massa- chusetts, Inc., and secretary of the Edward Bangs Descendants, Inc., wrote the municipal history of Lynn and also the history of Swampscott. It was largely through his efforts that the chart of Massachusetts Bay, appropriately discussed in the Swampscott chapter, was brought to light, after persistent search. Mr. John D. Woodbury, a veteran reporter on Gloucester newspapers, weekly and daily, is the author of several articles, namely: The Postoffice, Lighthouses, Custom House and Newspapers of Gloucester. Yet another newspaper worker, Mr. William C. Morgan, city editor of the Beverly "Times," visualizes shoemaking in that city, and also sketches its newspaper history ; while Mr. George A. Mellen, of Lawrence, of the "Eagle-Tribune", performs a similar service in the case of his own city. For the medical chapters, both city and town, the fol- lowing classification will establish authorship: Lynn, Dr. Carolus M. Cobb; Ipswich, Dr. George A. MacArthur; Peabody, Dr. Horace K. Fos- ter; Lawrence, Dr. V. A. Reed; Amesbury, Dr. John W. Rand. The Catholic churches specially portrayed are those of Lynn, by Right Rev. Arthur J. Teeling; Salem, Rev. John P. Sullivan; Amesbury, Rev. D. F. Lee. The Protestant churches have enlisted the following contributors: Gloucester, Miss Susan Babson; Beverly, Rev. E. J. V. Huiginn; Ames- bury, Rev. Robert LeBlanc Lynch; Salem, Rev. Alfred Manchester; Danvers, Rev. A. V. House; Georgetown, Rev. Bartlett H. Weston. The United Shoe Machinery Company, Beverly, supplied through its publicity department, at the hands of Mr. Charles T. Cahill, the interesting account of the striking growth of this great enterprise. Mr. Dana W. Scott, for forty years secretary to Agent Walter E. Parker, of the Pacific Mills, Lawrence, has written the story of that corporation. Mr. Arthur B. Sutherland contributes the chapter on the merchants of Lawrence. To Mr. Freeman Putney, of Gloucester, is to be given the credit for review of the educational concerns of that city, while a like distinction belongs to Prof. L. Thomas Hopkins for corresponding exposition of the public schools of Amesbury. The review of the Chamber of Commerce of the last-named town is from the pen of Mr. Frank T. Perry, a member of the staff of the Amesbury "Daily News." Mr. Fred W. Bushby, for twenty- four years a member of the Board of Trustees, supplies the satisfactory account of the Peabody Institute and Library.
Of the staff writers in the service of the publishers, it fell to the lot of Mr. Will L. Clark, of Woodbine, Iowa, to act as compiler of the Muni-
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cipal History of Essex County. A former newspaper man, both as editor and publisher, he abandoned the profession, upwards of a quarter of a century ago, to specialize in historical work. During that period, his pen has actively been employed in County and State historical publica- tions, as well on the sundown side of the Mississippi as in the teeming fields east of the "Father of Waters." In entering upon his responsible duties as compiler of the accompanying volumes, he brought to the task those qualities justly to be cited as the fruits of ripened experience. His fidelity to engagements, the assiduity with which he pursued his labors (not infrequently in the face of embarrassments of no slight volume), and the zeal with which he sought to accommodate his compilations, alike in the interest of the History and of the reader-all these call for a meas- ure of recognition. It is in tribute, brief and modest, to the record thus achieved by Mr. Clark that his associate would dedicate these few lines, as indicative of a meed of appreciation richly won.
Lynn, 1922.
BENJ. F. ARRINGTON.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The Publishers would fail in justice and propriety, did they not ex- press their appreciation of the valuable service rendered by Mr. Ben- jamin F. Arrington during the preparation of this "History of Essex County." To fine literary tastes and ability he has added a hearty en- thusiasm and spirit of local loyalty, while his fund of knowledge has been of immeasurable aid to our writers and compilers.
New York, 1922.
F. Y. HEDLEY, Editor.
CONTENTS
Page
Chapter I-Geography and Geology of Essex County-Relics of the Glacial Period-The Foundation Rocks-The Tombolos-For- mation of Islands-Earth Resources. 1
Chapter II-The Story of the Planters-Captain Bartholomew Gos- nold-First White Intercourse with the Indians-Charter from the English Crown-The Dorchester Company-New Plymouth -Roger Conant at Cape Ann 10
Chapter III-Salem, "The City of Peace"-First Settlers under Roger Conant-Account by William Wood in his "New Eng- land's Prospect"-John Endicott's Company-The First Council -Third Migration to Salem-Record of Voyage and List of Those Who Came 20
Chapter IV-Organization of Essex County-First Incorporated Towns-Courts Established-The New Charter-Public Build- ings Erected-State Institutions in the County-Statistics. 40
Chapter V-Town of Saugus-Settlement-First Town Meeting- Iron Industries-Other Manufactures-Churches. 53
Chapter VI-Town of Ipswich-Territory known as Agawam- First White Settlement - Churches - Industries - Manufac- turing 64
Chapter VII-Town of Newbury-Settlement-Churches-Present Conditions 86
Chapter VIII-Town of Rowley-Early Settlers-Development of Community 92
Chapter IX-Town of Marblehead-Settlement-Local Government Instituted - Industries - Sea Commerce - Early Disasters - Churches-Present Conditions 98
Chapter X-Town of Salisbury-Settlement and History 114
Chapter XI-Town of Wenham-First Settlers-Incorporation-In- dustries-Distinguished Citizens-Churches. 120
Chapter XII-Town of Manchester-Land Acquired from Indians- First Settlers - Shipbuilding - Churches - History to Present Time 129
Chapter XIII-Town of Andover-Settlement-Indian Troubles- Manufacturing Development-Libraries-Theological Seminary -Religion 147
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Chapter XIV-Town of Topsfield - Settlement - Anniversary of
Founding of Town-Picturesque Region 161
Chapter XV-Town of Amesbury-First Comers-Early Industries -Commercial and Financial Interests-Important Manufac- tures-Library-Home of Whittier-Church History 168
Chapter XVI-Town of Boxford - First Settlers - Industries- - Churches 186
Chapter XVII-Town of Middleton-David Stiles Quoted-Early Records-Industries 190
Chapter XVIII-Town of Danvers - Incorporation Act-Church History-Danversport 194
Chapter XIX-Town of Lynnfield-An Outpost of Lynn-First Settlers - Churches-Ancient Families-Old Landmarks-Na- tional Celebrities-Military Record. 209
Chapter XX-Town of Hamilton-Early Land Grants-Develop- ment of Community 224
Chapter XXI-Town of West Newbury-Establishment of Town- Present Conditions. 228
Chapter XXII -Town of Essex-The Home of Many Prominent Men-Early Settlers-Grant of Land by Sagamore of Aga- wam-Shipbuilding-Church History 232
Chapter XXIII-Town of Georgetown-Historical Narrative-In- dustrially, Commercially, Officially 241
Chapter XXIV-Town of Rockport-Settlement-Present-day Con- ditions-Industries-Churches 270
Chapter XXV-Town of Bradford- Incorporation - Manufactures -Churches-Government 279
Chapter XXVI-Town of Groveland - Settlement - Industries -Churches-Government 283
Chapter XXVII-Town of Swampscott - Early Annals - Noted Characters-The Humphrey Home-Henry S. Baldwin Quoted -Statistical-Town Officers 286
Chapter XXVIII-Town of Nahant-Early History-Development -Library-Henry Cabot Lodge-Fort Gardner-Churches. 298
Chapter XXIX-Town of North Andover - Settlement - Early Manufacturing-Incorporation-Local Officiary-Churches. 307
Chapter XXX-Town of Merrimac - Early Settlers - Municipal Affairs-Industries-Churches-Fraternal Orders 313
CONTENTS
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Chapter XXXI-Town of Methuen-Early Settlers-Local Officials -Churches
318
Chapter XXXII-The City of Salem-Settlement-Organization- Municipal History-Essex Institute-Peabody Museum-For- eign Trade Reminiscences-Industrial History-Disasters-Sa- lem Hospital-Parks and Environments-Churches. 325
Chapter XXXIII-City of Beverly - Settlement-Incorporation- Present-day Industries-Shoemaking-Church History-Pres- ent Conditions. 357
Chapter XXXIV-City of Lynn-Conditions at Coming of First Settlers-Early Residents - "The Town Saugust" - Ancient Map-Lynn in the Revolution-Early Iron Works-First Mills -Timothy Dwight Quoted-City Organization-Swampscott- Distinguished Names-Industrial Exhibit - Parks and Play- grounds-Chamber of Commerce-The Shoe Industry-General Electric Company-Great Disasters-Religious History. 375
Chapter XXXV-Haverhill-The Ancient Settlement-The Dustin Tragedy-Indian Troubles-The Town Laid Out-Early Indus- tries-Anti-Slavery Society-The Civil War-The City Charter -Bradford Academy-Historical Society-Anniversary Cele- brations-Distinguished Citizens-The World War-Growth of City-The Shoe Industry-Public Library-Churches.
451
Chapter XXXVI-City of Lawrence-Pioneer Families-Incorpora- tion as a Town-Present Municipal Government-Benevolent Institutions-The Andover Bridge-The Central Bridge-The Essex Company-Distinguished Visitors-Fall of Pemberton Mills - Parks and Playgrounds - Great Textile Strike-The Great Cotton Industry-American Woolen Company-Other Important Cotton Manufactories - Mercantile Interests-Re- ligious History 491
Chapter XXXVII-City of Newburyport-Settlement and Incor- poration as a Town-Early Shipbuilding and Foreign Trade- Privateers Fitted Out-City Charter-City Officiary-Public Library-Churches 539
Chapter XXXVIII-City of Peabody-Early Settlement-Pioneer Families-Early Churches-George Peabody-Industrial De- velopment-Peabody Institute and Library-Present-day Con- ditions 553
Chapter XXXIX-City of Gloucester-First Settlement-Pioneer Settlers-Municipal History-Sawyer Free Public Library- The Fishing Industry-A Famous Custom House-Post Office
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History-Light Houses-Remarkable Instances of Longevity- Points of Interest-Church History 567
Chapter XL-Banks and Banking-Early and Present Banking In- stitutions - In Salem-Lynn-Danvers-Ipswich-Andover- Marblehead-Gloucester-Saugus-Beverly-Amesbury-New- buryport - Lawrence-Peabody-Groveland-Rockport-Man- chester-Merrimac-Georgetown-Haverhill 595
Chapter XLI-Railroads and Transportation - Early Vehicles- First Public Conveyance-First Railroad Charter in Massachu- setts-Railway to Quincy Stone Quarries-First Railroads to Reach Salem, Saugus, Danvers, and Other Towns Street Rail- ways 625
Chapter XLII-Educational Interests - Early School at Salem- Lynn Schools-Early School Usages-Ancient Records-Pres- ent Schools in Lynn-In Danvers-Lawrence-Essex-Ames- bury-Salisbury-Andover-Hamilton-Boxford-Groveland- Haverhill-Ipswich-Middleton-Saugus-Methuen-Beverly- Newbury-Nahant-Bradford-Merrimac- Gloucester- Phil- lips Academy-Andover School for Girls and Young Women- Andover Theological Seminary - Beverly Academy - Baker Free School-Merrimac Academy-Manning School - Marble- head Academy-Franklin Academy-Salem Normal School- Saugus Female Seminary -- Topsfield Academy 631
Chapter XLIII-Physicians of the County-Medical Practice in Dan- vers-Medical History of Lynn-Essex-Rockport-Topsfield- Wenham-Georgetown-Beverly-Andover-Nahant- Rowley -Boxford-West Newbury-Haverhill-Gloucester-Groveland -Manchester-South Hamilton- Salisbury - Newburyport - Marblehead-Merrimac-Saugus- Middleton- Lynnfield Cen- ter - Salem-Ipswich-Methuen-Amesbury-Lawrence-Pea- body 693
Chapter XLIV-Newspapers of the County-The Essex Gazette- Newspapers in Salem-Scientific Periodicals-Newspapers in Lynn-Saugus-Haverhill- Newburyport - Amesbury - Pea- body-Gloucester-Lawrence-Beverly-Ipswich-Marblehead 731 Chapter XLV-Military History-Indian Wars-Military Annals of Danvers-Salem-Lynn-Gloucester - Newburyport - Ha- verhill - Nahant - Boxford - Ipswich - Amesbury-Marble- head-Georgetown-Merrimac-Swampscott-Rockport-Row- ley-Topsfield-Wenham-Groveland- Andover - Hamilton- North Andover-Saugus-Beverly - Peabody - Manchester- Lawrence- Salisbury 763
CONTENTS
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Chapter XLVI-Bench and Bar - First Establishment in Essex County - First General Court - The Various Courts - The Witchcraft Trials-Changes in Judicial System-Early Judicial Officiary - Attorneys General and District Attorneys-Pro- visions for Admission to the Bar-Bar Association-Names in Bar Book-Judicial Procedure 825
Chapter XLVII-Agriculture and Horticulture-Early Farm Indus- tries-Early Agricultural Society 867
Chapter XLVIII-Lodges in Essex County-Masonic-Odd Fellows -Knights of Pythias-Other Orders 871
Chapter XLIX-Witchcraft in Essex County-Early Cases-First Execution-List of Executions-Judges Presiding at Trials. 881
Chapter L-United Shoe Machinery Company
891
Chapter LI-Miscellaneous-Essex County Congressmen-Presiden- tial Votes-New England Laboratory Company. 901
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THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY
ASTOR, LENOX DEN FOUNDATIONS
VIEW OF LYNN, 1854
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CHAPTER I.
GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY OF ESSEX COUNTY.
Relics of the Glacial Period-The Foundation Rocks-The Tombolos- Formation of Islands-Earth Resources.
The geology and geography of Essex County is most complicated and difficult. Its rocks are ancient, the roots of old mountains, greatly changed by the heat and pressure accompanying earth movements and the intrusion of molten rock. Its soils have been formed and distri- buted during successive glacial periods, by the ice, by fresh waters as the ice receded, by sea waves and the winds, as the county was emerg- ing after being covered by the ocean. It is a subject for a scientist. One who would know the detail for his home town may find full treat- ment in the monograph on the "Physical Geography of Essex County" by John H. Sears, published in 1905 by the Essex Institute.
The geography of the county, however, affects the life of its residents intimately. A farmer must know the origin and nature of its soils, to develop his lands with intelligent wisdom and highest profits. The Chamber of Commerce of a city will plan its development to best advantage when its members know the nature as well as the appearance of their civic environment. The thousands who traverse the highways of the county in automobiles will find keener pleasure at every hill and plain, beside lake or river, if they know something of the origin and significance of these features of our varied scenery. Though details be left to scientists, anyone may know the main truths of our geography, and a simple statement about our lands and waters should be of appealing interest.
Following the Newburyport turnpike up hill and down dale, or any county road, the land seems a confusion of hills, swamps and plains. But view it from a distance-from the railway, or the ocean, toward the hill crests that extend from far west of Saugus eastward to Marble- head, and to Cape Ann. A fairly even, gradually-descending upland line is evident. Nevertheless, even a scientist would have failed to sur- mise that all the land once rose to this level, and that resistant rock hills are remnants of an ancient upland, were it not that as one travels westward the valleys occupy less and less area, the hilltops broaden and coalesce until they form the Berkshire plateau, trenched by the valley of the Deerfield and overtopped by summits like Monad- nock that slow erosion never reduced to the common level.
The rock structure shows that long before the rolling upland was formed, Essex county, like all New England, was mountainous.
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Mountains are the result of folding or breaking of the earth's crust, uplifting great domes or blocks of land, which are then carved into peaks and slowly worn down by weather, water, and wind. Our Essex rocks are the remnants of tilted strata, and of dikes and masses of other kinds of rock that were forced upward in a molten state into all cracks in the folded and fractured strata, or were crowded between rock layers as great masses, such as the granites in and near Peabody and on Cape Ann. It is estimated that the broad upfold or anticline that extended from Cape Ann far to the southwest, and included at least all the southern half of the county, has lost by erosion a depth of two miles or more of strata.
Only tough roots of the mountains are left, only hill remnants of the plateau. The mountains were slowly eroded during ages when the earth's crust here was fairly stable. At last the rivers swung lazily in broad valleys, little lower than the divides between them, on the gently-rolling lowland they had formed. Then came uplift. The rivers flowed swiftly down the steepening slope and cut valleys in the almost plain, or peneplain, that had become an upland. Far inland on hard rocks these valleys are deep and narrow still. Near the ocean they are of course shallow, and they have broadened and branched until they occupy more space than the hills that reach the old upland level.
Indeed, Nahant lies within a broad lowland-the Boston Basin, that extends from the hills of Lynn and Saugus to the Blue Hills of Milton. Between the Essex county anticline and another south from the Blue Hills is a deep suncline. During long geologic time this was a bay, where sediments accumulated to a great depth, as it slowly folded downward. Earth movements followed, the basin rocks were folded and fractured between the old land masses to north and south. A long line of fracturing formed along the southern flank of the Essex anticline, a similar fracture line just north of the Blue Hills. Between them the Boston Basin was lowered. When the region was slowly reduced to a peneplain the new rocks north of the line of fracture were worn away. When the peneplain was upraised, the weaker rocks within the basin were more quickly removed, and the resistant rim stands today as the long broken line of rugged hills, on which lie the Middlesex Fells, Lynn Woods and the Salem Pastures.
All this is vital; it determines life. The Boston Basin, into which Essex county extends, contains a fourth the population of all New England. Yet the uplands of its rim are as typically deserted as our remoter uplands. Blueberry pickers on Salem pastures find forgotten roads, old pear trees and wild apples, traces of long-past occupation; but until recently there were only two homes in the three miles between the thick-set houses of Lynn and Salem, only two town ways that cross these wastes of ledges, cedars, and barberry bushes. Lynn Woods and
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