USA > Massachusetts > Worcester County > Fitchburg > Address of the mayor, together with the annual reports for the city of Fitchburg, Massachusetts for the year .. > Part 24
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The number of cultures sent in and examined during the year was 4643,-fourteen times as many as in 1910 and about three times as many as have been examined since the bacteriolo- gical department was established, in June, 1899.
The annexed table gives a summary of the cultures exam- ined from clinical and infected, or carrier, cases, by months, and the results obtained.
DIAGNOSIS
RELEASE
Clinical
Carrier
Clinical
Carrier
Miscellaneous
Total
January
32
36
572
1,209
9
24
3
59
12
1,956
February
14
29
36
678
12
59
20
502
16
1,366
March
2
12
4
18
25
27
12
6
27
133
April.
2
3
0
0
13
12
3
4
10
147
May
6
2
2
16
7
12
3
4
0
52
June ..
17
5
129
20
36
3
11
0
230
July.
6
2
22
8
22
5
3
4
74
August
7
2
9
40
2
14
0
2
2
78
September.
8
2
3
36
4
22
4
6
2
87
October
23
6
20
167
17
42
9
20
1
305
November.
15
5
8
93
9
46
4
12
3
195
December
10
6
3
53
6
29
1
2
10
120
142
110
668
2,491
132
345
67
631
87
4,643
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
449
REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH
The eighty-seven cultures classed as miscellaneous were all negative and were from nurses and members of families who took care of patients ill with diphtheria, and other cultures, which might be termed precautionary, being extra releases in persistent cases, etc. These will not be considered again in this report.
The following table shows the distribution of clinical cases during the year :
CLINICAL CASES (Diagnosis)
Primary
Secondary
+
-
+
-
Reported without Culture
Total Cases
January
32
36
0
0
13
45
February
14
28
0
1
8
22
March.
2
10
0
2
8
10
April
2
3
0
0
3
5
May
6
2
0
0
2
8
June
16
5
1
0
7
24
July
6
2
0
0
1
7
August
7
2
0
0
2
9
September
7
2
1
0
0
8
October
23
6
0
0
6
29
November
15
3
0
2
3
18
December
10
5
0
1
10
20
140
104
2
6
63
205
The next table gives a summary of the 477 cultures taken for release of clinical cases. Since early in February two con- secutive negatives have been required for release of clinical cases, which not only doubles the number of release cultures, but also increases the number by introducing the inevitable " premature " negative, i.e., a negative followed by a positive, which necessitates beginning all over again to get the two consecutive negatives.
·
CLINICAL CASES (Release)
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th
11th
12th
13th
14th
15th
16th
17th
18th
19th
20th
Total
Premature
Negatives
January
8
23
1
1
. .
·
.
9
24
Febr'ry
6
29
5,
19
1
6
4
1
..
2
4
2
2
1
1
1
1
25
27
3
April
3
2
2
3
1
3
1
2
1
1
..
.
1
13
12
2
May
2
2
.
.
2
1
1
2
1
1
7
12
3
June
9
10
11
3
4
6
3
1
1
..
2
8
22
1
August
2
6
·
·
. .
. .
·
2
14
Sept'ber 2
6
1
1
4
1
..
4
22
1
October 8
16
7
1
7
1
2
1
1
17
42
4
Nov'ber
3
14
3
16
1
1
1
2
1
1
9
46
2
Dec'ber
3
9
2 11
6
1
1
1
1
. .
.
Totals
57 126
33 111
14 48 7 32
4 15
4
4
4
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.
. .
. .
.
..
1
...
1 |132
345
23
REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH
-
-
1
-
-
+-+
+
+
1
+-
+
+
1
+
+
+
- +
1
1
+
+
1
Number
+
+
+
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
March
6
4
4
8
6
3
2
5
..
·
1
20
36
2
July
5
5
3
9
6
..
5
2
1
..
. .
5
7
. .
:
6
29
·
·
·
. .
1
1
12
59
5
1
3
5
.
10 15
.
.
450
451
REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH
Thirty-seven cases were released on first culture, prior to the promulgation of the rule requiring two successive negatives, the average duration of quarantine being eighteen days. Eighty- one cases were released on second negative, the duration of quarantine being about the same as in the cases released on first culture. Twenty-three were released on third culture with an average duration of twenty-two days; twenty on fourth cul- ture, average twenty-five days; longest, forty-five days ; eleven on fifth culture, average twenty-six days, longest, thirty-six days ; three on sixth culture. One case required nine releases, another ten and the most persistent case during the year required twenty cultures for release. There were two premature negatives in this case and the duration was sixty-three days.
SWAB EXAMINATION.
The swab was used in connection with serum in 140 clinical cases for diagnosis with the following results :
Swab + Serum + in 64 cases.
Swab - Serum - in 59 cases.
Swab - Serum + in 5 cases.
Swab ? Serum + in 7 cases. Swab ? Serum - in 5 cases.
Total,
140 cases.
Showing that the swab gave the correct diagnosis in 88% of the cases.
CARRIER CASES.
The study of carrier cases and of subsequent developments on account of them, in the families in which they occurred, has proved exceedingly interesting. There were 668 carriers discovered during the wholesale culturing of school children, members of families containing infected school cases, in the latter part of January and the first week in February, 1911, (when nearly 3000 cultures were taken and examined within a period of twelve days), and also during the remaining part of the year in members of families where a clinical case occurred.
452
REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH
Table one shows the distribution of carrier cases through the year. As a rule these cases were found in families harboring a clinical case, but in quite a number of instances, particularly in families where an infected school case was discovered, several members were found to have infected throats, but no clinical symptoms. After disposing of the releasing of these carriers I propose to cite a few developments in the diphtheria line in families having carrier cases early in the year, simply to show that these cases are of pretty serious importance and should be discovered, if possible, and, when found, should be kept away from other people as long as the infection persists.
In connection with carrier diagnosis it is of interest to note that out of the total of 3129 cultures of this variety taken, 1012 were from school children and 2117 from families; and it is especially important, as designating the strong hold of the di- sease, to state that of the 239 cultures from school children which proved positive, over two hundred were from children attending St. Joseph's parochial school in the Cleghorn district. About eight hundred cultures were taken in this school and fully 25 to 30% were positive. Of the more than two hundred cultures taken from children attending the public schools in other parts of the city, when there was evidence of some infection, less than 10% were positive. Likewise, out of the 2117 family cultures taken during the year, 429 proved positive, of which nearly 350 were from families residing in the Cleghorn district.
Taking the above figures and in connection with them, the fact that there have been 150 clinical cases in the Cleghorn dis- trict since the epidemic began 16 or 17 months ago, it would seem to be pretty evident where the disease has been and still is firmly established.
RELEASE OF CARRIER CASES.
Table 1 gives the distribution of releases of carriers during the year, and it is not necessary to make a special table of greater detail. The number of releases is less than the number of carriers found by culture, because in the rush from January 26 to February 6, 1911, when nearly 3000 cultures were taken, some of the names and addresses on the tubes were incorrect and the cases could not be located, and again a number em-
453
REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH
braced the opportunity, between the taking of the culture and the report on it, to skip to Canada, or parts unknown. Most of the carriers were released on first culture within a week or ten days. Quite a number, however, proved more persistently positive, requiring two or three cultures before a negative was obtained. Four cases required four cultures, two required five cultures, one six cultures and one each required seven, eight, nine and ten cultures before release. Two premature negatives were obtained. The duration in the three longest positive cases was 45, 52 and 64 days. In all the very persistent cases, the guinea pig test was resorted to and the bacilli found to be virulent in all cases except one, which was, in consequence, released after eight positive cultures.
Before closing this brief and imperfect report on the diph- theria conditions in 1911, I wish to mention a very few instances of infection and reinfection. The most striking case was in a house near the center of the Cleghorn district, where there were three clinical cases in January, three clinical and one carrier in February, and two clinical and two carrier cases in April. Two of the cases were clinical twice and carriers twice, and one was a carrier that later developed into a clinical. The house was practically in quarantine for over five months and will doubtless be heard from again before this year is out.
In another family a fatal case occurred and five carrier cases were found in January. Three of these carriers became clinicals in February and March and one carrier was found in March.
In another family a fatal case and two carriers occurred in March. The family moved out during the early fall and another family soon moved in. In December three clinical cases (one fatal) occurred in the family that moved in.
Finally, I wish to enumerate a very few cases where clini- cal cases occurred in the latter half of 1910 and which furnished carrier cases in 1911, and also a few instances when carrier cases only were discovered in 1911 and which later in the year fur- nished clinical cases.
454
REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH
CARRIERS FOLLOWING CLINICALS.
Clinicals in 1910
Clinicals in 1911
1.
5
8
2.
4
19
3.
6
2
4.
1
12
5.
5
2
CLINICALS FOLLOWING CARRIERS.
Carriers early in 1911
Clinicals later in 1911 3 (1 fatal)
1.
7
2.
5
3
3.
6
4
4.
3
3 (1 fatal)
5.
7
1 (also 3 carriers in November) _
The above 13 instances are cited as being the most striking among the numerous similar ones noted during the past 16 months. These however are amply sufficient to afford food for thought and suggest at least three questions worthy of careful consideration. First, Were the carrier cases discovered early in the year, in families having no clinical cases, responsible for the one or more clinical cases that developed in those families later in the year? I think they were. None of the houses containing only carrier cases in January and February were fumigated, disinfected or cleaned up, and the cases were in all parts of the house.
Second, Is fumigation effective? The third instance cited above would seem to indicate that it was not. Fumigation was thorough in this case, as it was in all cases where clinicals occurred ; and in numerous instances clinicals, or carriers, or both, developed in these houses later but it is limited to the room and the furniture, etc., therein, in which the patient is supposed to remain until released. Unfortunately in some authentic cases and in a good many cases where proof is lack- ing, this supposition is not correct.
Third, How can the spread of disease in families be pre- vented? In at least one instance every member of the family was infected from one clinical case in that family and in not a few instances one to four clinical cases have developed in
455
REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH
tolerably rapid succession within two weeks of the appearance of the initial case in a family. Whenever a case was reported, cultures have, with the exception of the entire month of April and the last week or two in December, when the practice was, for some reason omitted, been immediately taken from all the other members of the family and examined and reported on the following day. In quite a number of instances where all proved negative, two or three members of the family were re- . ported clinical cases in the course of ten days or two weeks. Now these cases were not infected at the time when the nega- tive family cultures were taken. If they had been they would have been positive, or would have shown clinical symptoms sooner, the period of incubation being generally only a few days. Hence the only explanation to account for infection pro- ducing clinical symptons, 10 to 14 days after the negative culture, is that proper isolation of the patient first reported was not carried out. In many tenements the arrangement of the few rooms occupied makes proper isolation of the patient practically impossible, though the family may try to carry out the rules of the Board in regard to this point to the best of their ability. An isolation hospital is imperatively needed for such cases as cannot or will not be properly isolated at their homes. An isolation hospital was maintained for a few months (Febru- ary to June) but was closed as soon as possible to save expense. Had it been open the last three months of 1911 a good deal of sickness and infection would have been prevented.
TYPHOID FEVER.
The number of Widal tests during 1911 were nearly as large as in 1910, and considerably above the average number in previous years. This was due to the fact that in July, 1911, a number of cases were found on a milkman's route, and samples of blood from this milkman and his family and from the mem- bers of the families furnishing milk for his route were obtained and subjected to the Widal test. All lived in an adjoining town and all were negative, as was natural.
Ninety-five Widals were done for 88 persons. Seventeen were positive, one being a second positive and another a posi- tive following a negative. Seventy-six were negative, one
456
REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH
following a positive, three second negatives and one third neg- ative. Two were atypical.
Quite a number of diazo tests were done, but as the Board does not consider the test an essential one I will not bother you with statistics of them.
TUBERCULOSIS.
One hundred and seventy-eight samples of sputum were sent in for examination, of which 170 were first, 6 second and 2 third samples. Thirty-four were positive, one being a second sample.
ICE CREAM.
On July 24th and 29th, plates were made of two quarts of samples of ice cream- from six of the principal manufacturers of this popular and delicious form of summer refreshment, in the vain hope that they might be under the bacterial limit set by the rule of the Board of Health. In the plates made July 24 the lowest count was 750,000 bacteria per cubic centimeter and the highest 13,290,000 per cubic centimeter. The other four ran from over 2,000,000 to nearly 10,000,000 per cubic centimeter. In the plates made July 29 the lowest count was 610,000 and the highest 12,100,000 per cubic centimeter, the other four ranging from 2,270,000 to 12,000,000 bacteria per cubic centimeter.
As the best and smoothest commercial ice cream is always made of cream from one to two or three days old, which is naturally very rich in harmless bacteria, just as cheese, butter, butter milk, etc., are, it would be remarkable to find a sample showing under 500;000 bacteria per cubic centimeter which is, I believe, the limit set by most Boards of Health, as it is by this Board. The rule had better be eliminated. All the samples were good and perfectly harmless to eat.
In conclusion I desire to say that that this report neces- sarily differs essentially from my previous reports on account of the totally new experience encountered during the year as regards diphtheria. Ever since the epidemic began to manifest itself I have kept close watch of developments, and this is especially true of the developments in the last six months of
457
REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH
the year which have, to my mind, shown very conclusively the vital connection of numerous carrier cases in January and Feb- ruary with a large number of clinical cases since July 1st.
While tables of figures are of importance and value, yet, in this report it seemed advisable to somewhat curtail statistics and pay more attention to conclusions drawn from observation of various sequences and consequences that have been carefully noted and studied in the past six months.
Trusting that this departure from my customary mainly statistical report will meet with the approval of the Board, this. report is
Respectfully submitted, ATHERTON P. MASON, M. D., Bacteriologist ..
Fitchburg, Mass., January 11, 1912.
ORDERS OF THE BOARD WHICH HAVE BEEN COM- PLIED WITH.
Following is a list of nuisances abated, and unsanitary conditions remedied by order of the Board :
Total number of nuisances inspected,
170
Houses connected with the sewer,
2
Cesspools cleaned,
1
Privies cleaned,
2
Rubbish in street,
2
Spitting nuisance,
1
Offensive privies remedied,
2
Minor defects in plumbing remedied,
11
Defective house drains remedied,
3
Swill nuisance,
3
Fowl and swine nuisance,
23
Stable nuisance,
6
Fowls kept without a license,
16
Dead animals,
5
Stables vacated,
2
-
458
REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH
Entire new system of plumbing,
1
New water closets installed,
3
Foul water closets,
4
Filthy premises,
5
House drainage nuisance,
9
Sewage water nuisance,
11
Cellars dirty, '
4
Dirty yards cleaned,
16
Catch-basin and manhole nuisance,
2
Dumping nuisance,
16
Stagnant water nuisance,
2
No nuisance found,
10
Houses vacated,
1
Barns occupied without license,
2
Privies abolished,
2
Swine kept without license,
39
LICENSES AND PERMITS ISSUED.
Stable licenses,
3
Undertaker's licenses,
5
Slaughter house licenses,
1
Rendering licenses,
1
Permit to collect butcher's waste,
1
Manicure and massage licenses,
10
Fowl licenses,
116
Goat licenses,
1
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
INSPECTOR OF ANIMALS
OF THE
CITY OF FITCHBURG
MASSACHUSETTS 1911
TOWN. FEB.
CITY. MAR. 8, 187
FEB. 3, 1764.
FITCHBURG : H. M. DOWNS PRINTING CO. 1912
REPORT OF INSPECTOR OF ANIMALS
FITCHBURG, MASS., December 31, 1911. To His Honor, the Mayor, and the Board of Aldermen :
GENTLEMEN : - Herein is submitted the annual report of the Inspector of Animals.
Following the instructions of the Chief of the State Cattle Bureau, the annual inspection of cattle and farm live stock was made in February and March instead of October and November, as formerly.
The total number of animals inspected were 864, of which 656 were cows and 212 young cattle, oxen and bulls. 261 swine were found.
During the year 21 cows were placed in quarantine as tubercular suspects. Four of these were later released and 17 were killed, 16 of which were found to be diseased with tuber- culosis, and one was sound.
One cow was quarantined because of symptoms of actinony- cosis, and later released.
In December a slight outbreak of hog cholera occurred in Fitchburg. The diseased animals were at once destroyed.
One dog was quarantined as a rabies suspect, and later released.
Although there have been many cases of glanders in Massachusetts this year, Fitchburg is again fortunate. Only four horses were placed in quarantine in 1911, and these were all later released.
Respectfully submitted,
H. D. CLARK, D. V. S., Inspector of Animals.
THIRTY-NINTH ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
CHIEF OF POLICE
OF THE
CITY OF FITCHBURG
MASSACHUSETTS 1911
A
OWN. FEB.
EB.3, 1764.
A CITY. M
FITCHBURG: H. M. DOWNS PRINTING CO. 1911
30 . .
REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF POLICE
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF POLICE, FITCHBURG, MASS., Dec. 1, 1911.
To His Honor, the Mayor, and the City Council of the City of Fitchburg :
GENTLEMEN : - In compliance with the City Ordinances, I herewith submit for your consideration the thirty- ninth annual report of the Police Department for the year ending November 30, 1911.
Organization of the Police Department at the close of year, November 30, 1911, was as follows :
Chief, Apollos Q. Thayer. Captain, John Flood. Lieutenants, Hugh O. Irving, James F. Roy. Inspectors, Bernard H. Flaherty, Thomas J. Godley. Sergeants, Charles S. Brown, William E. Hackett.
PATROLMEN.
1. Arthur M. Sanderson, 15. David J. Whittemore,
2. Charles F. Donovan, 16. Leoda Guenette,
3. Herbert L. Flint, 17. William H. Grant,
4. John B. Gooch, 18. Burton H. Clifford,
5. Henry L. Kendall, 19. John P. Riordon,
6. Carlos L. Fallon, 20. James W. Wilson,
7. Fred H. Estabrook, 21. Alfred J. Couture,
8. George J. Bigelow, 22. Walter W. Wallace,
9. Winfred H. Whiting, 23. Francis H. Flaherty,
10. Alphonse L. Hebert, 24 Edward R. Hart,
11. William H. H. Shattuck, 25.
12. Albert R. Fellows,
13. Daniel F. Moran,
14. Peter F. Murphy,
James J. Hanley,
26. Emil Berndt,
27. Valentin P. Cormier,
28. Percy H. Fitzgerald.
466
REPORT OF CHIEF OF POLICE
RESERVE OFFICERS.
Patrick W. Burns, 90 Forest street.
Edward H. Chainey, 76 Laurel street. Ethan H. Washer, 40 Lincoln street. John F. Crowley, 2 Crown street.
Frank B. Roddy, 58 Birch street. Philip T. Kent, 37 Forest street. Clerk, Miss Agnes M. Dunn. Janitor, John Hassett.
BUSINESS OF POLICE DEPARTMENT.
Business performed by the Police Department for the year ending November 30, 1911: Total number of arrests, 1531; arrested on warrants, 282; arrested without warrants, 1249; males, 1491; females, 40; minors, 164; residents, 1134; non- residents, 397.
OFFENCES.
Male
Female
Assault,
6
2
Assault and battery,
46
1
Assault on officer,
5
Assault with dangerous weapon,
5
1
Assault, intent to murder,
1
Assault on female child,
1
Arrested for other officers,
25
1
Adultery,
2
1
Attempt to break and enter
1
Abandoning infant,
1
Burying a human body without a permit,
1
Breaking and entering,
1
Breaking, entering and larceny,
14
Begging,
2
Being present at game,
4
Bastardy,
5
Concealing mortgaged property,
1
Capias,
2
Concealing birth of bastard child,
1
Carrying loaded revolver without license,
7
467
REPORT OF CHIEF OF POLICE
Males
Females
Carrying concealed weapon,
1
Disturbing the peace,
48
1
Drunkenness,
1005
15
Delinquent children,
52
1
Driving team away,
1
Defrauding hotel,
1
Default,
7
Desertion,
1
Evading car fare,
2
Exposing person,
1
Fornification,
1
Failing to support minor child,
1
Gaming on Lord's day,
17
Held for other officers,
25
Hunting without license,
3
Incest,
1
Larceny,
46
1
Larceny from person,
1
Larceny from building,
1
Indecent assault,
1
Lewdness,
5
4
Liquor law, violation of,
8
1
Loitering,
4
Lewd and lascivious cohabitation,
2
2
Manslaughter,
1
Neglected children,
6
5
Non-support,
24
Operating automobile without a license,
1
Operating motorcycle without a license,
2
Perjury,
1
Peddling without a license,
3
Passing worthless check,
1
Runaways,
16
Robbery,
1
Receiving stolen property,
1
Rude and disorderly,
2
Reckless driving,
1
Safekeeping,
13
Selling cigarettes to minor,
2
468
REPORT OF CHIEF OF POLICE
Males
Females
Selling personal property held on conditional sale,
1
Selling oleomargarine not properly marked,
4
Selling watered milk,
1
Stubbornness,
3
Trespass,
4
Truancy,
1
Taking team,
1
Violation probation,
9
Violation city ordinances,
3
Violation milk laws,
1
Violation boiler inspections laws,
4
Vagrants,
14
Violation Board of Health rules,
1
Uttering forged checks,
4
Unnatural act,
1
Walking on railroad track,
1
Total,
1491
40
OCCUPATIONS.
Apprentices, 2; advertiser, 1; agents, 2; awning worker, 1 ; barbers, 7; beamers, 2; blacksmiths, 16 ; boilermakers, 10; brakemen, 11 ; brickmasons, 15; bakers, 6 ; bottlers, 2; butcher, 1; bootblacks, 2; brick-makers, 4; clock repairer, 1; cooks, 4; carpenters, 55 ; canvassers, 3; chair-makers, 14; cigar-maker, 1; comb-makers, 20; chefs, 2; conductors, 2; core-makers, 3 ; clerks, 23; coachmen, 2; contractors, 4; chauffeur, 1; dyer, 1; demonstrator, 1; dresser, 1; drummer, 1; elevator boy, 1; engineers, 5; electricians, 4; farm hand, 1; fruit dealer, 1; farmers, 15 ; file cutter, 1; filers, 5; foremen, 3; florist, 1; fin- isher, 1; firemen, 7; gardener, 1; gilder, 1; grinder, 1; gun- smith, 1 ; gate tender, 1 ; grocers, 5 ; horse dealers, 2 ; hostlers, 18 ; housekeepers, 20; helpers, 6; hack driver, 1; hatter, 1 ; hardener, 1; harness makers, 2; ironers, 3; iron workers, 3; jobber, 1; lawyer, 1 ; liquor dealer, 1; laundrymen, 14; laun- dress, 1; laborers, 565; loom-fixers, 7; linemen, 4; lumber dealer, 1; lumberman, 1 ; machine tender, 1; musicians, 2; mill- wright, 1; mule spinner, 1; meat cutters, 5; melters, 4;
469
REPORT OF CHIEF OF POLICE
machinists, 40 ; mechanical engineer, 1 ; mill hands, 90; motor- men, 3 ; manufacturer, 1; moulders, 18; managers, 2; mason tenders, 4 ; merchants, 3 ; masons, 8 ; no occupation, 60 ; pavers, 3; physicians, 2 ; polishers, 7; painters, 42 ; paper cutters, 3 ; paper makers, 33 ; paper hanger, 1 ; pedlers, 11 ; piano makers, 9 ; plasterer, 1; plumbers, 5; printers, 6; pistol makers, 5 ; quarrymen, 3; reed maker, 1; real estate, 9; rubber worker, 1; roofer, 1; restaurant proprietors, 2; screw maker, 1; shoe cutter, 1; superintendent, 1; spinners, 8; steel worker, 1; students, 2; sausage maker, 1; shoe makers, 24; steward, 1; slaters, 4 ; shirt makers, 3; saw grinder, 1; store-keepers, 2; stone-masons, 15 ; salesmen, 9 ; saw makers, 2; stone cutters, 11; steam fitters, 5; seaman, 1; tinkers, 2; telegrapher, 1; teamsters, 39; tailors, 6; tailoress, 1; wire drawer, 1; waiter, 1; weavers, 54; wood workers, 4; wood choppers, 2; well driller, 1; wood turners, 8. Total, 1531.
NATIVITY OF PRISONERS.
United States, 664 ; British Provinces, 63; Canada, 161 ; Ireland, 118; England, 20; Finland, 278; Greece, 34; Italy 58; Germany, 22; Russia, 27; Lithuania, 3; Poland, 17; France, 8; Sweden, 25; Scotland, 16; Austria, 2; Armenia, 3; China, 8; Albania, 1; Japan, 1; Sicily, 1; Holland, 1. Total, 1531.
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