Address of the mayor, together with the annual reports for the city of Fitchburg, Massachusetts for the year .., Part 32

Author: Fitchburg (Mass.)
Publication date: 1911
Publisher: Fitchburg : Reveille Steam Printing Works, etc.
Number of Pages: 898


USA > Massachusetts > Worcester County > Fitchburg > Address of the mayor, together with the annual reports for the city of Fitchburg, Massachusetts for the year .. > Part 32


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SECTION 4. INTERCEPTING SEWER. - This section will be from Putnam street westerly. Some studies have been made


606


REPORT OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL COMMISSION


relative to the Broad street location for this section but as it was felt that it was useless to spend a great amount of time on this until the Broad street matter was definitely settled nothing final has been done.


LATERAL CONNECTIONS. - The probable awarding of the contract for Section 1 before next May will assure the comple- tion of the main sewer from Putnam street to the disposal area in 1912. The completion of this length of the sewer will make possible the connection of the existing sewer outlets with the main sewer for this distance and the removal from the river of about 50% of the sewage.


At this writing it is uncertain as to the time when con- struction at the disposal works will be ready for treatment of sewage, and if it shall be found impossible to be ready to care for sewage at the end of the season of 1912, it may be decided to delay making any lateral connections until early in 1913.


WEIR TO ASCERTAIN LEAKAGE. - During the construc- tion of Section 3 large quantities of ground water were encoun- tered and owing to the location of the sewer being below water level in the river bed and near the river for nearly the whole length of this section it would be natural to expect considerable leakage. In our computations to determine the total sewage flow to be cared for an allowance was made of about 74,000 gal- lons per day per mile of sewers assuming the territory to be well sewered. As this section covered a distance of over one- half mile of sewer and as nothing but leakage would probably run in this sewer for a year it was thought best to install a weir and obtain a continuous record for a number of months of this leakage. Accordingly a triangular weir as shown in one of the cuts was installed at Station 93+00. Observations of the flow over this weir thus far taken indicate that the leakage is less than the allowance made.


433.89'


736.46'


802021


-


394 5'


Magnetic


4


851.74'


16.97.


ST.


850.74'


FALULAH


804.12


0


58


684 94'7


430.72-1


50-


722.79'


1- 307.85'


--


1058 64*


50


P/38


"FITCHBURG


LUNENBURG


O


\882 06'


TAL-RAMS


6


5


WATER


N.Y.NH CHAR


.


1904.57


ROAD


ST.


188.0


14.0


636 89'


buuuuu11/556.38"


OakTree


LEOMINSTER


TABLE


Parcel


Acres


Former Owner


19.9


Fitchburg R.R.Co.


2


27.1


Fitchburg R.R.Co.


3


6.5


Arthur H. Lowe


4


9.9


Rowano N.J. Goodridge


5


20.2


Orin M. Lowe


6


8.9


Porter I. Lowve


7


.11


Consolidated Rendering Co.


23.3


Ellen D. Benson Estate


9


.76


Unknown Owner


Total


116.67


CITY OF FITCHBURG SEWAGE DISPOSAL COMMISSION


PLAN OF LAND IN FITCHBURG AND LUNENBURG TAKEN FOR FILTER BED LOCATION


SCALE-300 FEET TO THE INCH JANUARY 1, 1912.


14.0


403.52*


464 25'


-


762.0


195.


16.5'


.006€


2


BENSON


‘s.B.


SAGO'


7/0 02*


721/332.29/452


3


B&MRR.


197826*


607


REPORT OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL COMMISSION


DISPOSAL AREA.


The accompanying plan shows the land taken for sewage disposal purposes and the location relative to the city line. This taking was filed in the registry of deeds June 26, 1911. The total area taken, not including highways, is 116.67 acres. Levels have been taken for this whole area and these levels have been plotted and the contour lines indicated for one foot eleva- tions on the more level portions and five foot elevations on the steeper portions. On the land taken from the Fitchburg Rail- road Company covering the easterly portion of the disposal area the trees and brush have been cut and burned preparatory to excavation and grading for construction of the disposal works. The wood cut on this work was sold for $285.75. On the high portion of the easterly part of the disposal area a number of test pits were dug and samples of the material taken to a depth of more than twenty feet. Mechanical analyses of these samples have been made to determine their efficiency as a filtering mat- erial. No samples of the material on the Benson land at the westerly end of the area have been taken as it is planned to use the easterly end for the first construction.


This area seems to be suitable for the purpose for which it was taken having a large amount of available filtering material at each end and the central portion of about 50 acres being fair- ly level and adapted for the easy construction of sand filters. There are no residences near the area and the prevailing winds are away from any residences or manufactories. The area taken is all that will ever be available in Fitchburg or Lunenburg for this purpose but if any addition should be needed there is a large area in Leominster adjoining that already taken which is just as suitable for the purpose and is as free from nearby resi- dences.


RAIN GAGE.


In designing storm water sewers one of the matters to which great weight is attached is the intensity of the rainfall in the city for which the sewers are to be built. Fitchburg is very fortunate in having two rainfall records for many years as kept by Dr. Jabez Fisher, beginning in 1865, and by Dr. A. P. Mason. beginning in 1883, both of which are continuous to the present


39


608


REPORT OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL, COMMISSION


time. While these records give totals of different storms and monthly and yearly totals yet they do not give those intensities for short periods which are of so great aid in computations for sizes of storm sewers. In order to obtain information relative to the intensity of precipitation of local storms for a reasonable length of time a rain gage manufactured by Julian P. Friez of Baltimore, was installed in July. Thus far the maximum in- tensity recorded was a rate of 4.2 inches per hour for a period of five minutes and 2.5 inches per hour for a period of ten min- utes. As the construction of storm water sewers and the sep- aration of sewage and storm water will not probably be begun for two or three years it is hoped by that time to obtain some valuable data relative to rainfall intensities which will be of great assistance in that work. "


DEPARTMENT YARD AND BUILDING.


In order to properly care for the existing sewer system and build such additions thereto as might be ordered by the Board of Aldermen, as well as to facilitate the larger work of the im- proved sewer system, it was essential that as early as possible provision should be made at some central location for a yard with suitable buildings. Such a location was needed for care of and storage of tools and supplies and general headquarters for all outside work. If possible a location with a railroad con- nection was most to be desired. The Walker lot on Water street seemed to be very desirable as being quite central so far as location is concerned and having a frontage on the railroad


of nearly 600 feet.


The lot also has a frontage on Water street


of nearly 600 feet. This lot is triangular in shape and while a rectangular lot would in many ways be preferable, yet its other advantages more than offset the possible objection to the shape. The area of this lot, 48,981 square feet, is ample not only for all needed buildings but also for the out door storage of lumber, pipe and other supplies.


Upon the purchase of this lot studies were begun by the office force on plans for a department building and a number of possibilities were sketched. As soon as a decision was made detailed plans and specifications were drafted and proposals re- ceived. The contract was awarded to John R. Hosmer, the


DAVID A. HARTWELL ... Chief Engineer HARRISON P. EDDY


Consulting Engineer


Jan. 12, 1912.


TABLE 13 POPULATION AND RATE OF INCREASE OF ALL CITIES AND TOWNS IN MASSACHUSETTS HAVING A POPULATION OF 10 000 OR OVER IN 1910 .


BASED ON STATE AND U.S. CENSUS .


GAIN


1875


GAIN %


1880


1885


GAIN %


1890


GAIN %


1895


GAIN %


1900


GAIN %


1905


GAIN %


1910


BOSTON


341 919


6.1


362 839


7.6


390 393


14.9


448 477


10.8 496 920


12.9


560 892


6.1 595 380


12.6 670 585


WORCESTER


49 317 18.2


58 291


17.3


68 389


23.8


84 655


16.6


98 767 19.9 118 421


8.2 128 135


0.9 105 762


12.8 1 19 295


LOWELL.


49 688 19.7


59 475


7.8


64 107


21.2


77 696


8.5


84 367 12.6


94 969


-0.1


94 889


12.0 106 294


CAMBRIDGE-


47 838


10.0


52 669


13.3


59 658


17.4


70 028


16.6


81 643


12.5


91 886


6.0


97 434


7.7


104 938


NEW BEDFORD-


25 895


3 7


26 845


24.4


33 393


22.0


40 733 35.7


55 251


13.0


62 442


19.1


74 362


30.0


96 652


LYNN-


32 600 17.4


38 274


19.8


45 867


21.5


55 727 11.9


62 354


9.9 68 513


12.4


77 042


15.9


89 336


SPRINGFIELD


31 053


7.4


33 340


12.7


37 575


17.6


44 179 16.6


51 522 20.4


62 059


18.5


73 540


20.9


88 926


LAWRENCE


34 916 12.1


39 151 -0.7


38 862


14.9


44 654 16.8


52 164


19.9 62 559


12.0


70 050


22.6


85 892


SOMERVILLE


21 868


14.0


24 933 20.2


29 971


34.0


40 152 30.0


52 200


18.1


61 643


12.4


69 272


115


77 236


HOLYOKE


16 260 34.8


21 915


27.2


27 895


27 7


35 637 13.1


40 322 13.4


45 712


9.2


49 934


15.6


57 730


BROCKTON


10 578 28.6


13 608


52.7


20 783


31.3


27 294 21.5


33 165


20.8


40 063


19.3


47 794 19.0


56 878


MALDEN·


10 843 10.8


12 017


36.6


16 407


40.4


23 031


29.0


29 708 13.3


33 664


13.0


38 037


16.7


44 404


HAVERHILL


-14 628 26.3


18 472


18.0


21 795


25.8


27 412


10.2


30 209 23.0


37 175


1.8


37 830


16.6 44 115


SALEM


.25 958


6.2


27 563


1.9


28 090


9.7


30 801


11.9


34 473


4.3


35 956


4.7


37 627


16.1


43 697


NEWTON ..


. 16 105


5.5


16 995


16.3


19 759


23.4


24 379 13.2


27 590 21.7


33 587


9.7


36 827


8.1


39 806


FITCHBURG


12 289


1.1


12 429


23.7


15 375


43.3


22 037


19.9


26 409


19.4


31 531


4.7


33 021


14.5


37 826


TAUNTON


-20 445


3.8


21 213


11.6


23 674


7 5


25 448


6.6


27 115


14.5 31 036


-0.2


30 967


10.6


34 259


EVERETT-


. 3 651


13.5


4 159


40.0 5 825


90.0


11 068


67.8


18 573 31.0


24 336


19.6


29 111


15.0


33 484


QUINCY-


9 155


15 4


10 570


14.9


12 145


37.7


16 723


23.9


20 712


15.4


23 899


17 5


28 076


16.3


32 642


CHELSEA-


20 737


5.0


21 782


18.0


25 709


8.6


27 909 12.0


31 264


9.0


34 072


9.4


37 289 -13.0


32 452


PITTSFIELD


12 267


8.9


1 3 364


8.3


14 466


19.4


17 281


18.4


20 461


6.4


21 766


14.9


25 001


28.5


32 121


WALTHAM-


9 967 17 5


11 712 24 7


1 4 609


28.0


18 707 11.6


20 876 12.5


23 481


11.9


26 282


5.9


27 834


BROOKLINE.


6 675 20 7


8 057


14.1


9 196


31.6


12 103 33.5


16 164 23.3


19 935


17.6


23 436


18.6


27 792


CHICOPEE-


10 335


9.2


11 286


2.0


11 516


22.0


14 050


16.9


16 420 16.7


19 167


5.3


20 191


25.8


25 401


GLOUCESTER


-- 16 754 15 4


19 329


12.3


21 703


13.6


24 651


14.4


28 211 -7.4


26 121


-0.4


26 011 -6 2


24 398


MEDFORD


- 6 627 14 2


7 573


19.0


9 042


22.5


1| 079 30.6


14 474 26.0


18 244


7 9


19 686


17 5


23 150


NORTH ADAMS


10 191


23.0


2 540


28.2


16 074 19.0


19 135 26.5


24 200 -8 5


22 150 -06


22 019


NORTHAMPTON-


.. 11 108


9.5


12 172


5.9


12 896


16.2


14 990 11.7


16 746


11.3


18 643


7.1


19 957 -2.6


19 431


BEVERLY.


·· 7 271 16.3


8 456


8.6


9 186


17.8


10 821


9.1


11 806 17 6


13 884


9.7


15 223 22.6


18 650


8.0


48 96 1


16.1


56 870


30.8


74 398


19.9


89 203 17.5


104 863


13.9 145 986


FALL RIVER


45 340


APPENDIX A


:


1


:


DAVID A. HARTWELL HARRISON P. EDDY


... Chief Engineer .. . Consulting Engineer


Jan. 12, 1912. TABLE 13 POPULATION AND RATE OF INCREASE OF ALL CITIES AND TOWNS IN MASSACHUSETTS HAVING A POPULATION OF 10 000 OR OVER IN 1910 ,


BASED ON STATE


AND U.S. CENSUS


1875


GAIN %


1880


GAIN %


1885


GAIN %


1890


GAIN %


1895


GAIN %


1900


GAIN %


1905


GAIN %


1910


REVERE


1 603


41.1


2 263


60.7


3 637


56.0


5 668


30.9


7 423


40.0


10 395


21.8


12 659


13.9


18 219


LEOMINSTER -


5 201


11.0


5 772


-8.2


5 297


37.3


7 269


26.7


9 211


34.5


12 392


15.4


14 297


23.0


17 580


ATTLEBOROUGH-


9 224 .20.4


18.6


13 175 -42.5


7 577


9.4


8 288


36.7


11 335


12.0


12 702


27.6


16 215


WESTFIELD


8 431 -10.1


7 587


18.1


8 961


9.4


9 805


8.7


10 663


15.5


12 310


10.6


13 6!1


17.9


16 044


PEABODY -


8 066


11.9


9 028


5.6


9 530


6.6


10 158


3.4


10 507


9.7


11 523


13.7


13 098


20.0


15 721


MELROSE -


3 990


14.3


4 560


33.8


6 101


39.6


8 519


40.5


11 965


8.3 12 962


10.3


14 295


9.9


15 715


HYDE PARK


6 316


12.2


7 088


18.2


8 376


21.7


10 193


16.0


11 826


12.0


13 244


9.6


14 510


6.9


15 507


WOBURN


9 568


14.2


10 931


7.5


11 750


14.9


13 499


5.0


14 178


0.5


14 254


1.0


14 402


6.3


15 308


NEWBURYPORT


13 323


1.6


13 538


1 .3


13 716


1.7


13 947


4.3


14 552 - 0.5


14 478


1.4


14 675


1.9 14 949


GARDNER


3 730


33.8


4 988


46.0


7 283


15.7


8 424


9.0


9 182


17.8


10 813


11.1


12 012


22.0


14 659


MARLBOROUGH -


8 424


20.2


10 127


8.0


10 941


26.2


13 805


8.5


14 977


- 9.1


13 609


3.4 14 073


5.9


14 909


CLINTON-


6 781


18.4


8 029


11.4


8 945


16.5


10 424


10.3


|| 497


18.9


13 667


-4.1


13 105


12 105


7.4


13 055


ADAMS


15 760 -64.6


5 591


48.1


8 283


11.2


9 213


-14.9


7 837


42.0


1/ 134


12.1


12 486


4.3 13 026


FRAMINGHAM


5 167 20.7


6 235


32.7


8 275


11.6


9 239


2.9


9 512


18.8


11 302


2.2


11 548


12.1


12 948


WEYMOUTH


9 819


7.7


10 570


1.6


10 740


1.2


10 866


3.9


11 291


0.3


11 324


2.3 11 585


11.3 12 895


WATERTOWN --


5 099


6.4


5 426


14.9


6 238


13.4


7 073


10.1


7 788


24.6


9 706


16.0


11.258


14.3


12 875


SOUTH BRIDGE


5 740


12.6


6 464


0.6


6 500


17.8


7 655


7.8


8 250


21.5


10 025


9.7


11 000


14.5


12 592


PLYMOUTH


6 370


11.3


7 093


2.1


7 239


1.0


7 314


8.8


7 957


20.5


9 592


15.9


11 119


9.2 12 141


WEBSTER -


5 064


12.5


5 696


9.2


6 220


13.0


7 03


10.9


7 799


12.9


8 804


13.8


10 018


14.9


11 509


METHUEN


4 205


4.4


4 392


2.6


4 507


6.8


4 814


18.2


5 690


32.0


7 512


15.5


8 676


32.0 || 448


WAKEFIELD


5 349


3.7


5 547


9.2


6 060


15.2


6 982


18.9


8 304


11.9


9 290


10.5


10 268


11.1


11 404


ARLINGTON ·


3 906


5.0


4 100


14.0


4 673


20.4


5 629


15.7


6 515


32.0


8 603


12.4


9 668


15.7


11 187


GREENFIELD


3 540


10.2


3 903


24.8


4 869


7.9


5 252


18.6


6 229


27.2


7 927


15.5


9 156


13.9


10 427


WINTHROP


627


66.4


1 043


31.3


1 370


9.9


2 726


53.8


4 192


44.5


6 058


16.1


7 034


44.0


10 132


-0.2


13 075


MILFORD


9 818 -5.2


9 310


0.4


9 343


-6.0


8 780


2.0


8 959


27.0


11 376


6.4


( W.A.


APPENDIX A CONTINUED


609


REPORT OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL COMMISSION


lowest of four bidders. Work was begun in October and carried forward rapidly so that on December 31 the building was nearly ready for the roof. It is expected that the building will be ready for use early in the spring. This building consists of a main structure 38 feet by 82 feet, two stories high and a one story ell, 27 feet by 41 feet, 6 inches. The building is located at the north end of the lot on the Water street frontage. The building is built of red brick with Rollstone granite underpinning and trimmings on a cement concrete foundation. There is a cellar for the heater and coal storage under the south end of the main building. The first floor contains a tool room, a store-keeper's room, men's room and lavatory. In the lavatory will be a shower bath which will be a great convenience at times for the men who are at work on certain phases of sewer maintenance. A number of lockers will be placed in the men's room. The second floor will contain a work shop, a laboratory and two small rooms for offices or other uses and a toilet. The ell will contain a blacksmith shop and a room for automobiles, auto trucks or other vehicles. The floors in the ell, the tool room and the cellar will be granolithic, in the work shop the floor will be matched spruce, two inches thick and in all the other rooms the finished floor will be of maple. The building will be heated by steam and lighted by electricity. Provision will also be made for both hot and cold water.


A side track for a portion of the length of the lot was in- stalled at a cost of $554.04 and it is planned to have this track extended about 200 feet the coming season. After the occupa- tion of the new building and the removal of the old soap shop and shed, as well as the cottage house, which is now rented, some grading of the lot ought to be done and a small one story wooden building erected adjoining the car track for the storage of cement and other supplies needing protection.


SEWAGE DISPOSAL.


Much time and study have been devoted to the matter of sewage disposal with reference to Fitchburg to ascertain if some more economical method of disposal both as to construction and maintenance than intermittent sand filtration could be adopted. So far as the quality of the sewage effluent is considered there is probably no method that can excel sand filtration, but owing


610


REPORT OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL COMMISSION


to the large and continually increasing acreage required by in- creasing population it is possible that a satisfactory effluent can be obtained at a less cost and with much less area. During the past ten years rapid advance has been made in sewage disposal matters and considerable study should be devoted to the possi- bility of applying some of these inethods to the Fitchburg dis- posal problem, if for nothing more than a first treatment so as to increase the rate of sand filtration. Such studies are now in progress but are not sufficiently complete to make a satisfactory report thereon at present.


MANUFACTURING WASTES.


In any manufacturing community there are large quantities. of industrial wastes of varying composition, some of which are very difficult to care for in a disposal plant. The principal wastes in Fitchburg are from paper mills, wool scouring and dyeing of yarn and cloth. Whether such wastes should be admitted to the sewers or treated at each mill sufficiently to allow the effluent to flow into the river, is a matter requiring much consideration. Samples of these wastes have been taken and analyzed to aid in a just solution of this matter. Wool scouring wastes contain such large quantities of grease that something must be done to prevent this grease from. stopping the working of the disposal plant as it surely will if taken into the sewers without any preliminary treatment. This statement is based on experiences at Clinton and Hudson. Paper mill wastes are necessarily so large and the location of the industry being at the upper portion of the river, the admission of such wastes to the sewer would in the summer months be a practical diversion of the river from its channel to the sewer.


Any definite recommendation relative to this matter must be delayed until some later report so that it can have the full and complete consideration that its importance merits.


Respectfully submitted, DAVID A. HARTWELL, Chief Engineer.


HARRISON P. EDDY, Consulting Engineer.


N


0


RESERVOIR


27


3Nicht


VIRLOOK


13


FALULAH


ROAD


LIMIT OF SEWERED AREAS


1940


REDAARE


0


28


13


4


11


LIMIT


avca


Sơi THỊHà


ASHBURN.


ROAD


G


HIG


ER.


12


MT


HIGHLAND


LINCOLN


LUNENBURG


10


AULA


ROAD


FITCHBU


57


ROLL


HILL


24


HIL


LSTONE


21


3


22


18


ST BERNARD


CEMETERY


9


FRANKLIN


ROAD


2


ROAD


23


ROAD


FOREST HILL CEMETERY


ROAD


CEMETERY


ST


FRANKLIN


-


ROAD


ELAM


·EA


[O_OSHALL PAPA


UBURG


DAK


PRINCETON


1


26


MAP OF FITCHBURG, MASSACHUSETTS SHOWING SEWERED AREA IN 1911 AND


ASSUMED SEWERED AREA IN 1940


I City Hall 2 Post Office 3 Court House


ASSUMED LIMIT OF


SEWERED


AREAS


.940


Scale of Feet November 1911.


WESTMINSTER


ST


5


RIVER


8


O AREA


TMINSTER


SEWERES A


LOSSON


14


FAIRMOUNT


17


19


BEECH


SOUTELLE


PRATT


16


LUNENBURG


BUSTIN & WANIE RR


HILL


ROAD


25


LIMIT OF SEWERED AREA


POLL- TUNE


BEDS


CITY OF FITCHBURG


FILTER


SEWAGE DISPOSAL COMMISSION


BOSTON


7


WAITES CORNER


FALULAH ROAD


SOUTH


MARSHALL ROAD


TOWNSEND


PEARL


20


CALDIVELL


MECHANIC


BROOK


D


ROA


ASSUMED


LIMIT OF SEWERED


NORTH


BROOK


WALLAD


ASSUMED LIMIT


OF SEWERED AREA 1940


APPENDIX B.


REPORT OF CHIEF ENGINEER AND CONSULT- ING ENGINEER RELATIVE TO DIVERSION OF WATERS OF PUNCH BROOK


NOVEMBER 24, 1911.


To the Sewage Disposal Commissioners,


GENTLEMEN : - Upon the matter of the diversion of Punch Brook as petitioned for by the abutters below Academy street this report is respectfully presented for your consideration.


The need of some provisions for the flood waters of Punch Brook has been an active question for many years in this city and increasingly so as that part of the city has become more closely built up. Suggested methods of relief have been offered from time to time during the past 20 years but no attempt has been made at construction. The present channel at different locations on private land is altogether inadequate to carry the flow at times of heavy rain or rapid melting of large quantities of snow. The building of an adequate and improved channel along the present location of the brook has been considered as well as a diversion of a portion of the water through Academy and Rollstone streets to the river. This diversion has also been considered in the different studies for our improved sewer sys- tem and specifically recommended by both Mr. Coffin and Mr. Barnes.


From all available maps the drainage area of Punch Brook is about 450 acres. The drainage area of the brook at Academy street is about 370 acres. In making computations to ascertain the amount of water to be provided for in the design of storm water sewers certain conditions are considered in addition to the area, viz, the intensity of the rainfall, the character of the soil, the amount of pavements and roofs and the slope of the land. A number of formulas have been developed which are known


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REPORT OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL COMMISSION


by the names of the men constructing them. The McMath formula is considered as one of the best and is Q = ARc V


S A In this formula


Q = the cubic feet per second of run-off for which provi- sion should be made at any point selected.


R = the rain-fall in inches per hour, which is nearly equal to cubic feet per second per acre.


C = constant dependent upon imperviousness of drainage area taking into consideration nature of soil, street surface and amount of area covered by roofs of build- ings.


S = slope of drainage area in feet per thousand feet.


A = drainage area in acres.


In applying this formula to the Punch Brook drainage area of 450 acres with a constant of .5, a slope of 50 feet in one thousand feet and a rainfall of 2.75 inches per hour it would give a total flow to be provided for of about 400 cubic feet per second. For the area above Academy street of 370 acres the flow would be about 325 cubic feet per second. Possibly the constant of .5 may be too high for present conditions in this area as there is so much undeveloped land, and therefore the estimated quantity to be provided for may be too high, but as the unoccupied portion of this area is being rapidly covered with buildings, and as the future growth will result in a greater proportion of impervious roof and street surface, it seems wise in this construction to provide for the probable changed condi- tions of the future.


Above Academy street the flow of the brook is cared for in a granite culvert constructed partly in Elm street and partly in the Lowe playground and private land. The culvert in Elm street was built in 1902 when Elm street was constructed. This culvert is four feet by five feet in section on the flatter grades, averaging about two feet in 100 feet, and four feet square on the steeper grades, averaging about five feet in 100 feet. This culvert has been amply able to care for the flow of the brook for the past nine years, and there is no expectation that any other provision will need to be made for the waters of the brook north


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REPORT OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL COMMISSION


of Academy street. This culvert extends from Academy street northerly about 1500 feet.


In studying this problem all possible methods of relief have been considered and the various projects are briefly outlined below :


1st. The improvement of the channel of Punch Brook in its present location. The length of the present brook channel between Academy street and where it crosses Elm street at the Police Station is 450 feet longer than the traveled way of Elm street between these same two points, and not only would the improvement of the present channel be more expensive than building a new channel between the same termini in the location of Elm street, but the improvement of the present channel would in no way relieve the owners of land of the detriment to prop- erty values by having the brook in its present location. There are some owners of land through which the brook flows, who have made ample provision for the brook so far as allowing sufficient cross-section of culvert, but the method of construc- tion is so poor and so liable to call for repairs that it would not be of much value in a permanent treatment of this matter. On other private land the channel is large enough to take only a small portion of the maximum flow. Another objection to im- proving the present channel is that such a construction would be so near the surface that it would not allow for proper drain- age of cellars in the whole area in proximity to the brook. From any point of view it does not seem advisable to improve the present channel of the brook.


2nd. The construction of a storm water drain in Elm street from Academy street to where it crosses Elm street near the Police Station. This drain would be of sufficient size to safely carry any probable flow from so much of the whole area as would drain into it. This construction would so care for the waters of the brook that the owners of land between Academy street and the Police Station would probably feel safe in filling the channel on their land, but it would still be necessary to maintain the present channel between Elm street and the river, and this channel is too small to provide for the run-off of the whole drainage area when more fully developed. In this pro- ject the drain would be 60 inches in diameter from Academy street to Grove street with the capacity of 320 cubic feet per




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