USA > Massachusetts > Essex County > Newburyport > City Officers and the Annual Reports to the City Council of Newburyport 1887 > Part 10
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9. Annie L. Noyes vs. Newburyport ; Superior court, Essex. Begun May 24th, to recover damages for an injury which plaintiff claimed to have sustained by stepping into a hole in the street op- posite 1GS Water street. in October, 1886. Trial in September. Verdict for plaintiff for $1,060. A motion for a new trial was re- fused, and the judgment has been paid.
10. George W. Noyes vs. Newburyport ; Superior court, Essex. Begun May 24. Suit by the husband of Mrs. Noyes, above named. to recover for loss of her services, etc. Judgment has been, or will be entered for the city.
In addition to the above cases a large amount of minor business has been attended to. Contracts for the building of the new alms- house, and the engine house on Federal street, deeds of pieces of land sold by city, and various other writings have been made. Two
233
REPORT OF THE CITY SOLICITOR.
bills for proposed amendments to the city charter, and also a bill to incorporate the Newburyport sewerage, etc., have been drafted.
In February I attended a hearing on the question of enlarging or abolishing the jail before the Committee on Prisons of the State Legislature.
In the preparation of the defense in cases arising from injuries upon the highways, two serious difficulties have to be contended with. The first is the unwillingness of the citizens who have knowledge of the circumstances, to furnish information, sometimes from a dislike to be called as witness, sometimes from sympathy with the person claiming to have been injured. It is not found however that such persons are equally timid in the expression of their criticisms upon the failure of the city to put such facts in evi- dence.
The other difficulty is one more easily remedied. When a claim is made on the city some time has elapsed since the injury was re- ceived. In the meam time the condition of the highway may have materially changed. An examination of the alleged defect is of little service to the city, unless made at the time of the accident, or very soon thereafter. It should be the duty of some one to make such an examination immediately, whenever an accident is reported, whether it seems to be serious or not, before any claim is made against the city, and there should be a prompt investigation of the circumstances. In this way reliable evidence will be ob- tained, and in cases which are meritorious, unprofitable litigation can be avoided. This method has been tried in several cities and is found to be profitable.
My receipts and expenditures have been as follows :
Paid for traveling expenses $61 38
Paid for witness fees ... 46 05
Paid for court fees, stenographers, etc. 34 00
Paid for telegrams ... 1 37
Paid for postage, printing, etc. 7 64
$150 44
Received from city
145 14
Due December 26th
.$ 5 40
Respectfully submitted,
FRANK W. HALE, City Solicitor.
REPORT OF THE CITY MARSHAL.
To His Honor the Mayor and Board of Aldermen of the City of Newburyport :
GENTLEMEN :- The whole number of arrests during the year end- ing December 31, 1887, for offences committed within the city of Newburyport, is 1045, of which 583 were of foreign birth, 462 were born within the iimits of the United States ; 49 were females and 85 were minors.
The arrests were for the following causes, viz :
Assault and battery 47
Assault on officers
3
Assault (felonious)
1
Assault with a dangerous weapon.
1
Adultery
2
Abortion
2
Bail bond
1
Burglary 1
Cruelty to dumb animals 4
3
Evading fare
4
Delirium tremens
1
Capias
3
Drunkenness .. 733
Drunk, second offence. 83
Drunk, third offence. 51
Disturbing the peace
12
Defrauding boarding house keepers
1
Dipsomania
1
Profanity .
4
Non-support of wife 3 Larceny of team 1
For out of town officers 3
Gaming
7
Obstructing deputy fish commissioner.
2
Insane.
3
Common drunkard
1
236
REPORT OF THE CITY MARSHAL.
Setting fire
1
Larceny 22
Polygamy
1
Larceny from building
1
Malicious mischief .
5
Obtaining goods under false pretences.
1
Making threats
1
Safe keeping
9
Stealing
Stubborn and disobedient.
1
Tramps.
1
Violating pilot law
1
Vagrancy .
2
Violation of the rules of the Board of Health.
1
Violation of city ordinances
7
Violation of the lobster law
1
Violation of the milk law.
1
Violation of the liquor law
5
Total 1045
DISPOSED OF AS FOLLOWS.
Appealed. 11
Bound over to Superior court 11
Cases continued 11
Cases settled without trial 3
Committed for non-payment of fine 252
Committed to State Reform School
1
Committed to Danvers hospital 5
Committed to Woman's prison 1
Discharged without complaint 249
Discharged by court
27
Fined and paid 350
79
Newburyport workhouse
8
Ordered to pay costs 17
Placed on file. 4
1
Turned over to other officers. 8
2
Committed to Concord Reformatory
3
Defaulted
2
MISCELLANEOUS.
Amount of property reported lost. $1,340 00
Amount of property recovered. 1,077 00
Amount of imprisonment imposed 47 years
House of correction
Put under bonds to keep the peace
Turned over to parents.
REPORT OF THE CITY MARSHAL. 237
Accidents reported 32
Assisted other officers 531
Buildings found open and secured 84
Cases of truancy investigated
6
Complaints investigated .
1623
Defective places in streets reported .
126
Dogs killed 286
Disturbances suppressed without arrest.
5
Fire alarms given
8
Fires extinguished without aların
2
Injured persons assisted. 23
Intoxicated persons helped home 191
80
Lost children restored to parents. 22
Meals furnished lodgers and prisoners 3012
Nuisances investigated
5
Officers for extra duty at church.
31
Officers for extra duty at City Hall.
105
Persons provided with lodgings
1324
Search warrant for liquor served
4
Street obstructions removed
121
Stray teams put up 29
Workhouse
6
Search warrants for stolen property served . 4
Amount of money taken from persons and returned. $1,500
Persons notified to remove snow from their sidewalk. 254
Lights extinguished in buildings 28
, Respectfully submitted,
GEORGE B. HICKEN, City Marshal.
Newburyport, December 31, 1887.
1
31
25
Escorts furnished processions
Lights furnished for dangerous places
1
REPORT
OF THE
BOARD OF HEALTH
OF THE
CITY OF NEWBURYPORT.
REPORT OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH.
To His Honor the Mayor and the City Council of the City of Newburyport :
GENTLEMEN :- The following is a statement of the appropriation and expenditures of the Board of Health for the year ending December 31, 1887.
Annual appropriation by the city council
.$400 00
EXPENSE ACCOUNT.
Office.'s' salaries-agent and clerk $175 03
Expense of Meteorological Observations 175 95
Labor at Frog Pond 27 00
Analysis of Kelley school well water 10 00
Incidental. 1 60
Amount undrawn. 11 02-$400 00
In the absence of any considerable number of contagious dis- eases, or of any unusual epidemic that would require the special at- tention of the Board of Health, the duties of the board have not been arduous. The usual complaints-and not always for sufficient cause-from overflowing privies and cess pools, keeping of swine, and occasionally other sources of filth detrimental to health, would be brought to the attention of the board and furnish the agent with enough to look after, particularly during the summer months. Complaints of overflowing cess-pools and privies will multiply until a system of sewerage is provided for the thickly settled portions of the city.
1
242
REPORT OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH.
Complaints were investigated by the agent of the board as fol- lows :
Sink drains allowed to run on sidewalks 3
Offensive manure heaps
2
· Fish offal 1
Cess pools 4
Privies 12
Tainted meat for manufacture of dog biscuit. 2
Swine nuisances 13
Filthy privies 2
Cashman's night soil dump 2
The periodical complaint of the offensive condition of the water of Frog pond was again brought to the attention of the board by petition numerously signed, in the month of July. Since the in- troduction of water and the hydrant service for water supply in case of fire, the water in Frog pond is only held as a supplementary supply, and no objection was made to the proposal to reduce the quantity of water in the pond as much as possible and enable the board to clean out the sediment left exposed. This was accom- plislied but the peculiar odor still remained. It was suggested that the steam fire engines be employed to operate on the water remain- ing in the pond, pumping the water up and playing it back into the pond. The experiment was tried, whether a success or not there are different opinions thereon ; at any rate the offensive oder did not long continue and the "fire laddies" secured a chance for an extra which was worked for all it was worth.
The natural surface drainage into the pond has of late years been considerably reduced by change of grade on streets in the im- mediate vicinity ; to make up this less water can very easily be in- troduced by means sf the acqueduct in close proximity, or what will be still better, the location of a fountain in the pond which will periodically give a movement to the water of the pond and sup- ply what is lost by evaporation or any other cause and thus remove all cause of complaint in the future.
The board has experienced the same difficulty during the past year as for the year previous, in the failure of physicians and others to give notice to the board of the existence of contagious diseases in the city ; during the past year notice was given of the existence
243
REPORT OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH.
of four cases of diphtheria, five cases of scarlet fever and one case of typhoid fever. During the same period there were returned to the office of the city clerk nine deaths by diphtheria, one of scarlet fever and three of typhoid fever. The old adage "an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure" is applicable here and if the Board of Health desired to prevent the spread of contagious dis- eases, how can they do so unless they are properly notified of the existence of these diseases and see to it that proper measures are adopted to prevent their being spread broadcast through the com- munity. The law is plain in this respect on this subject but the practice is altogether too lose and needs correction.
The death rate in this city is considerably increased over the pre- vious year ; deaths from all causes being 330; eighty-seven more than the previous year. There does not appear to be any sufficient cause for the considerable increase. A comparison is made below of some of the principal diseases for the years 1886 and 1887, and also a tabular statement comparing ages of deceased for the year :
1886.
1887.
Death from Zymotic diseasos
22
17
do
Consumption
36
54
do
Cholera infantum
12
15
do
Pneumonia.
8
12
do
Old age.
30
42
do
Cancer
7
14
Deaths under one year of age.
45
46
Over one year and under twenty.
49
48
Twenty and under thirty
19
22
Thirty and under forty
15
17
Forty and under fifty
15
17
Fifty and under sixty.
12
32
Sixty and under seventy
22
41
Seventy and under eighty.
36
63
Eighty and under ninety.
26
35
Ninety and under one hundred.
3
8
One hundred and one years, one month twenty-two days
1
do Heart disease
22
25
It will be seen in the above comparison that of the so called con- tageous diseases the deaths were less in the present year than last year, and farther that the number of deaths under twenty years of age is the same for both years, and up to fifty years of age the dif-
244
REPORT OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH.
ference is but seven, showing that the increase in mortality is wholly among the aged. Further information in relation to classification of diseases, etc., can be had from tabular statement accompanying this report.
The metorological observations have been continued under the direction of the board in a satisfactory manner. It will be found exhaustive and of great value. The report of the observer, Mr. Francis V. Pike, to the board is herewith appended.
GEORGE H. STEVENS, Clerk of the Board.
Newburyport, February, 1888.
STATISTICAL ACCOUNT OF DEATHS IN NEWBURYPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1887.
CAUSE OF DEATH.
Males.
Females.
Total.
January.
February.
March.
April.
May.
June.
July.
August.
September.
October.
November.
December.
Under 1 year.
1 to 2 years.
2 to 5 years.
5 to 10 years.
10 to 15 years.
15 to 20 years.
20 to 30 years.
30 to 40 years.
40 to 50 years.
50 to 60 years.
60 to 70 years-
70 to 80 years'
80 to 90 J'ears.
90 to 100 years
100 & upwards.
CLASS I .- Zymotic diseases :
Croup .
Diphtheria
3
6
9
3
1
1
4
.
Erysipclas
1
1
Scarlet fever
1
1
1
3
1
1
Whooping cough
1
1
1
CLASS II .- Constitutional :
Consumption .. .
30
24
54
9
2
6
6
5
4 6
3
1
6
2
1
4 6 15
8 4
9
4
3
Cancer
8
6
14
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
7
1
Dropsy .
3
4
7
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
Hydrocephalus
3
1
4
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
Gangrene.
1
1
1
1
2
Anarmia
1
2
1
. .
CI.ASS III .- Local diseases :
Apoplexy
2
6
8
2
3
1
2
1
1
1
4
1
Asthma
1
1
1
Abscess
1
1
1
Atrophy
5
4
2
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
Bronchitis
1
3
4
2
2
1
1
1
1
Cholera infantum.
10
5
15
6
2
1
Convulsions ..
4
4
1
1
1
1
12
2
1
Cerebro spinal meningitis
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
Congestion of brain.
5
1
6
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
Congestion of lungs
3
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
Cystitis .
2
Disease of brain
2
1 3
1
1
1
Diabetis
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
25
2
4
1
1
3
2
3
2
3
2
1
3
5
9
2
Heart disease
16
9
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
Neuralgia of heart.
1
1
2
1
2
1
23
2
1
2
5 2
3
2
2
3
1
1
9
8 4
Pneumonia
7
5
12
1
6
1
2
2
4
3 2
Paresis.
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
CLASS IV .- Developmental
Congenital debility
3
2
5
1
2
1
1
5
Cyanosis
General debility
13
29
5
2
5
1
4
2
3
4
3
6
4
3
Premature birth.
1
3
4
1
1
1
1
4
Still born
3
2
5
1
2
2
5
2
2
4
1
2
1
4
CLASS V .- Violent deaths :
Alcoholismn
1
1
1
Strangulated hernia .
1
1
1
8
1
1
2
1
1
Miserly self neglect ..
1
1
Hemorrhage sarcoma
1
1
1
Suicide .
1
Protracted labor ..
1
1
1
1
·
..
8 12 8 8 12 22 17 17 32 41 63 35 8 1
TOTALS
165 165
330
28 19 27 27 26 22 37 27 25 26 33 33 46
.
2
1
1
1
Typhoid fever
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
. .
1
1
1
1
1 3 1
4
Blood Poisoning
1
1
1
1
1
1
Catarrh of stomach.
1
1
1
1
1
1
Cirrhosis disease of liver
2
1
Dysentery
1
1
1
2
Hip joint discase
3
1
2
Miscarriage
1
Marasmus
1
3
4
1
1
Nephritis
2
11
1
1
3
1
Pleurisy
1
1
1
4
1
1
Tumor.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 12 20
8
1
Old age . . .
Accidental.
7
1
1
1
1
1
Sun stroke
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Paralysis
10
13
1
1
4
Softening of brain.
3
1
3
Gastritis
1
1
2
3
1
1
Meningitis
9
Bright's disease.
1
1
1
-
2
2
1
1
1
4
2
Canker .
Peretonitis
42
Teething .
1
-1
2
REPORT OF METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS.
To the Board of Health:
GENTLEMEN :- I have the honor to present the eighth annual re- port on the meteorological observations taken under your super- vision in this city.
The observations were made during the past year at the same place and under the same auspices as those of the preceding year, and with the same instruments.
The instruments belonging to the city, and now in use, are as follows : One mercurial barometer, two mercurial thermometers (dry bulb and wet bulb), one self-registering maximum thermome- ter, one self-registering minimum thermometer, one standard rain gauge, one reserve rain gauge, and one anemometer, with electric self-recording anemograph, battery, wire, etc.
Since the middle of May the observer has been in possession of a thermograph, by means of which he has been enabled to keep a continuous automatic record of the temperature. This instrument is the property of the New England Meteorological Society, and was loaned to your observer through the kindness and courtesy of Professor W. M. Davis of Cambridge, director of the society.
The principle of this instru:nent is as follows : By the varying temperature of the air a metallic arm bent into an arc of about the size of a quadrant is made to contract and expand. This contrac- tion or expansion moves the short arm of a lever, on the long arm of which a pen, constantly filled with specially prepared ink, de- scribes an arc in a vertical plane. This pen traces a continuous.
32
246
MRTEOROLOGICAL REPORT
line on a chart which is fastened in place on the surface of a cylin- der that is kept constantly revolving in a horizontal plane by means of clock work. This cylinder occupies one week for each revolu- tion, and the chart is divided into vertical spaces representing days and hours and by horizontal lines representing degrees of tempera- ture. As the cylinder revolves and the pen rises and falls with the changes of temperature a continuous line is traced, any point of which can be referred to the scales of time and temperature, and thus the degree of heat or cold may be ascertained for every hour of the week. This instrument has already proven of almost incal- culable value in detecting and recording unsuual changes of temperature, minor changes between the hours of observa- tion, and especially during the night, and in ascertaining the rate and regularity of the changes on the advent of warm or cold waves. Many interesting and important scientific theories may be developed and proved or disproved by a careful study of the data afforded by the continuous record made by this instrument. The instrument, is of French manufacture, known as the "Richard" Thermograph, and is a very fine instrument.
In the following tables, in connection with which different char- acteristics of the past year's weather will be discussed, the normals are obtained from the observations of the past eight years, except in the table of the movement of the wind, where they are obtained from the observations of only five years.
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE.
All figures under this head are expressed in inches and are ob- tained from observations of a standard barometer, at an altitude of 72.7 feet above mean sea level.
247
METEOROLOGICAL REPORT.
· TABLE I.
1887.
Month.
Normal.
Mean.
Dep. from normal.
Maximum.
Minimum.
Range.
January.
30.064
29.995
-. 069
30.689
29.278
1.411
February.
30.068
30.168
+.100
30.964
29.148
1.816
March
29.910
29.864
--. 046
30.881
2S.998
1.883
April
29.941
29.959
+.018
30.687
29.113
1.574
May
29.984
30.065
+.081
30.400
29.573
0.827
June
29.947
30.021
+.074
30.352
29.619
0.733
July
29.914
29.967
+.053
30.205
29.552
0.653
August
29.990
29.981
-. 009
30.348
29.623
0.725
September
30.059
30.081
+.022
30.466
29.474
0.992
October
30.031
30.005
-. 076
30.544
29.362
1.182
November
30.041
30 005
--. 035
30.894
29.230
1.664
December
30.034
30.068
+.034
31.016
29.011
2.005
Mean
30.003
30.015
+.012
30.621
29.332
1.289
[NOTE. In the above table, as well as in all other records of the barome- ter here given, correction is made for temperature, elevation, and instru- mental error, but not for standard gravity, the reduction for which would be --. 007 inch.]
The mean pressure for the year was 30.015 inches, which is .012 above the normal and is as high as the mean of any year since 1880. The highest annual mean in the past eight years is 30.024 inches in 1880, and the lowest, 29.963 inches, in 1885.
The highest pressure recorded was 31.016 inches, on the 1st of December. This is an unusual height, and is far higher than ever before recorded at this station. Six times during the year it rose to a greater height than 30.812 inches, the highest pressure previously on record. The lowest pressure was 28.998 inches, on the 22d of March, during a heavy northeasterly ram storm. Annual range, 2.018 inches. Lowest in eight years, 28.772, in 1886. Total range, 2.244 inches.
The monthly means were all very near normal, there being no departure of more than .1 inch. The means of February, May and July were the highest, and of January and October were the lowest, for their respective months in eight years.
The fluctuations of barometric pressure were very frequent and great in 1887. Fifteen times it was recorded above 30.5 inches, and eleven times below 29.3 inches, and there were fourteen in- stances of a change of more than .8 inch in 24 hours. The great-
248
METEOROLOGICAL REPORT.
est of these changes were as follows: February 11-12 a rise of 1.109 inch ; February 23-24 a fall of 1.103 inch ; February 26-27 a fall of 1.347 inch ; December 28-29 a fall of 1.016 inch. These were accompanied by gales of wind reaching velocities of 30 to 36 miles an hour.
A comparison of the means of the three daily observations through- out the year discioses the usual diurnal oscillations as follows :
Mean of 7 a. m. observations 30.034
Mean of 2 p. m. observations. 29.992
Mean of 9 p. m. observations 30.019
Mean of three observations. 30.015
Fall from 7 a. m. to 2 p. m. . 042 inch ; rise from 2 to 9 p. m., .027 inch. These oscillations correspond almost precisely to the figures obtained from the observations in 1886.
TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR.
The air temperature is obtained from the readings of a standard thermometer, about 14 feet above the ground on the NNE side of the house, protected by a shelter allowing abundant ventilation.
All temperatures in this report are expressed in degrees Fahren- heit.
TABLE II.
1887.
Month.
Normal.
Mean.
Dep. from Normal.
Maximum.
Minimum.
Maximum for 8 years.
Minimum for 8 years.
January.
24.7
22.9
- 1.8
55.0
-14.8
60.0
-- 14.8
February ..
26.5
26.5
0.0
47.8
2.1
64.0
-7.0
March.
31.7
30.2
-1.5
50.6
5.3
70.0
3.4
April.
44.0
42.1
-1.9
77.8
22.4
86.5
19.0
May.
55.1
58.0
+2.9
88.2
38.8
96.0
30.0
June
64.8
63.6
1.2
91.8
44.5
94.0
40.0
July
69.6
72.3
+2.7
97.6
55.5
97.6
47.7
August
67.2
65.4
1.8
86.0
47.8
95.5
42.3
September.
60.8
57.5
- 3.3
81.3
35.6
97.0
35.6
October .....
49.9
48.5
1.4
71.8
26.4
87.0
24.9
November.
39.3
38.6
- 0.7
68.9
13.1
72.0
11.0
December ..
29.5
30.0
+0.5
57.9
1.0
65.0
-12.0
Mean
46.9
46.3
-0.6
72.9
23.1
82.0
17.8
249
METEOROLOGICAL REPORT.
The mean temperature for the year was 46.3°, which is 0.6° be- low the normal, and the lowest, with two exceptions, for eight years. The highest mean during that time is 48.4°, in 1880, and the lowest is 45.7°, in 1885. The highest temperature in 1887 was 97.6°, on the 2d of July, and the lowest was -14.8°, on the 19th of January. Annual range, 112.4°. This also constitutes the extreme range for eight years.
The annual means at the times of the three daily observations were as follows :
Mean of 7 a. m. observations. 43.0°
Mean of 2 p. m. observations. 52.9°
Mean of 9 p. m. observations 44.7º
Mean of three observations. 46.3°
January, March, April, June, August, September, October and November were below the normal temperatures of the respective monthis, the greatest departure being in September, when it was 3.3° below. May and July were each nearly three degrees above normal, and December was slightly above. February's temperature was exactly normal. July, 1887, with a mean of 72.3°, was the hottest July, or even the hottest month, in eight years. This ex- cessive heat was partly compensated by August, which was the coolest for a like period of time, and September, the coolest with one exception.
EXTREME TEMPERATURES.
The second day of July was marked by the highest maximum temperature on record at this station (97.6°), but the mean for the whole day was slightiy lower than that of July 7th, 1886. The last two days of June and the first seven days of July were characterized by a degree of heat unpreceden- ted for continued intensity. The mean for these nine days was 77.5°, while the maximum was above 86° every day during the period. The morning of January 19th furnished the other extreme, a minimum temperature of -14.8°, which is the lowest on record at this station, but there was no period of long-continued cold dur- ing the year. The record of . exceptionally high or low tempera- tures during the year is as follows :
250
METEOROLOGICAL REPORT.
TABLE III.
Date.
Max. Temp.
Date.
Min. Temp.
June 30
91.8°
January 3
-2.0-
July 1.
92.0
do
4.
-1.1
July 2.
97.6
do
8 ..
-0.6
July 13.
90.3
do
11.
-. 0.8
do
19.
-14.8
do
27
-1.3
RANGE OF TEMPERATURE.
The daily and monthly ranges of temperature during the year may be seen by reference to the following table :
TABLE IV.
Daily range, 1887.
Month.
Normal Monthly range.
Monthly range, 1887.
Normal mean | daily range.
Mean.
Maximum.
Min.
January ....
56.8
69.8
16.3
20.4
38.2
7.8
February ...
54.7
45.7
17.5
17.1
26.4
9.8
March ..
52.9
45.3
16.4
16.3
26.8
4.7
April
54.4
55.4
19.2
19.0
34.4
6.1
May
55.0
49.4
20.2
19.8
45.6
3.7
June
47.4
47.3
21.9
20.6
34.5
4.1
July
44.1
42.1
20.1
17.9
29.6
9.8
August.
45.0
38.2
20.1
17.6
27.5
5.5
September.
48.0
45.7
18.5
19.5
31.7
8.3
October.
...
52.1
45.4
18.4
17.6
32.7
5.4
November.
51.5
55.8
16.5
18.7
33.9
3.9
December ..
55.7
56.9
14.9
14.3
32.0
5.9
Means.
51.5
49.8
18.3
18.2
32.8
6.2
From this table it is seen that the monthly ranges are smallest in the summer, increasing until the winter, and then decreasing again. excepting in April and May, when an exceptionally warm day often causes a large range for the month.
The greatest monthly range was in January, when the tempera- ture rose 69.8° in four days, from -14.8° to 55.0°. The least monthly range was 38.2° in the month of August. This is the smallest, with one exception, in eight years.
The greatest daily range in 1887, which is also the greatest in eight years, was a rise of 45.6° on the 10th of May, a dry, pleas-
251
METEOROLOGICAL REPORT.
ant day with west and southwest wind. The least daily range oc- curred on the 29th of the same month, during the prevalence of a northeasterly rain storm, when the temperature varied only 3.7º in twenty-four hours.
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