USA > Massachusetts > Suffolk County > Chelsea > Documentary history of Chelsea : including the Boston precincts of Winnisimmet, Rumney Marsh, and Pullen Point, 1624-1824, vol 2 > Part 32
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321
CHAP. XXIX]
PHILLIPS PAYSON'S PASTORATE
at Chelsea, where he preached for forty-four years. Nor was he less distinguished as a patriot, than as a scholar and theologian, as the following well authenticated incident will show.
In speaking of the retreat of the British from Lexington, Gor- don, the historian, says, "They," (the British) " killed several innocent, unarmed persons; and murdered two old men at Men- otomy. Before they reached this place, however, a few Americans, headed by Rev. Mr. Payson, of Chelsea, who till now had been ex- tremely moderate, attacked a party of twelve soldiers, who were carrying stores to the retreating troops, killed one, wounded sev- cral, made the whole prisoners, and gained possession of their arms and stores, without any loss whatever to themselves."
This shows the fact that the Rev. Doctor had learned that,
" In this, the dawn of ' Freedom's Day,' There is a time to fight and pray."
VOL. IT. - 21
322
HISTORY OF CHELSEA
[CHAP. XXX
CHAPTER XXX
EDUCATION
O HILDREN in the precincts of Boston, Rumney Marsh, and Muddy River, were doubtless entitled to free edu- cation, equally with those of the peninsula,1 especially after
1 The public schools in and around Boston have been secular from their beginning. Of the earliest thirty-five towns two (Dorchester and Hamp- ton) taught the catechism with secular studies. On the contrary, until the nineteenth century, the Dutch schools of New York and New Jersey were managed by the Reformed Dutch Church, to which body the Council of Dort (1618-19) required their schoolmasters to belong. No secular studies are mentioned. Their schoolmasters, styled zicken troosters (comforters of the sick) were expected to teach the children the catechism two days in the week, and prepare them to understand the preaching. Thus their duties were parochial. Roelandsen (1633) was the first of their so-called schoolmasters. The salaries of such zicken troosters were raised, not in New York, but in Holland. Though the Dutch in New York " passed round the bowl " for many years from 1642, to get subscriptions for their schools, all such efforts to have a voluntary support of them there were futile. Even as late as 1657 one of their New Jersey schoolmasters was approved by an examining committee in Holland " to read God's word and lead in singing." Their first academy, their historian tells us, was not estab- lished till 1658. Before that time the great army of Massachusetts secu- lar schools, managed on this side of the Atlantic by the people - gener- ally in town meeting - many years before they were required to establishı them by the Preamble of 1642, or the compulsory and universal law of 1647, "to teach all such children to write and read," and in the larger towns, " so farre as they may be fited for ye university ": Rowley, 1654 (Trumbull, master) ; Weymouth, 1651 (Captain William Perkins of the Ancients) ; Cambridge (Corlet) ; Scituate (Chauncy, afterwards presi- dent of Harvard) ; Watertown, 1650 (Norcross, and probably Mitchell, 1649) ; Hampton, 1649 (Legat, " all children mayle and femail ") ; Marsh- field, 1645; Roxbury, 1645 (Stowe) ; Dedham, 1643; Ipswich, 1642 (per- haps Chute in 1639) ; Braintree, 1640; Newbury, 1639 (Somerby) ; Dor- chester, 1639 (Waterhouse) ; Salem, 1639 (Edward Norris, Jr .: 1637, John Fiske, the eminent physician) ; Taunton (John Bishop, 1640, and perhaps two years earlier) ; Yarmouth, 1640 ( Andrew Hallet, gentleman) ; Charlestown, 1636 (Witherell; 1635, Oct. 3, Morley) ; Boston, 1635, April 13 (Pormont), for whom Boston has named one of her public schools). Those dates are O. S. To that of Charlestown and that of Boston the cus- tomary ten days should be added. Outside of Massachusetts there were Dover, N. H., 1658; Newport, R. I., 1640 (Lenthal) and New Haven 1640 (James). C. E. Ridler, Boston Transcript, N. & Q., No. 7575, Dec. 18, 1897.
323
EDUCATION
CHAP. XXX]
the order of the General Court, November 11, 1647, making it obligatory upon every township of fifty honscholders to set up a school; but distance and situation made this practically a barren right, and not being satisfactory, we find the fol- lowing action in Town Meeting, March 11, 1700/1:
Some of the Inhabitants of the North end of the Town stood up & requested that they might have the libertie of a free-school, for the Teaching to Write & Cypher.
It was Voted in the affirmative, That the Selectmen should agree with a Schoolnaster for them & order him his pay out of the Town Treasury.
The Inhabitants of Rumney Marsh standing by and seeing the town in so good a frame also put in their Request yt a free school might be granted them to teach to Read, Write & Cypher. It being put to the Town to know their minds, It was voted in the affirmative with this proviso, That it did not appear to the selectmen yt there were a suitable number of children to conre to the school. Then the selectmen should agree with a schoolmaster to teach their Children to read and write & cypher, for which service he should be paid out of the Town Treasury.2
This vote, however, led to no practical results for eight years after, when the citizens at Rumney Marsh, being impatient, re- minded the selectmen of the town's action in 1701. Whereupon, February 7, 1708/9.
Upon the motion and request of Sundry of the Inhabitants of Rumney Marsh desireing that a School for the Education of their children may be provided according to a vote of the Inhabitants of Boston, at their meeting the 11th of March, 1700. The present Selectmen do, therefore, agree, that in case Mr. Thomas Cheever do undertake, and attend the keeping such school at his house, four dayes in a week, weekly, for ye space of one year Ensucing, & render an accot. unto the Selectmen, once every Quarter, of the number of children or scholars belonging unto ye sd. district. which shall duly attend the sd. school, he shall be allowed & paid out of the Town Treasury after the rate of Twenty pounds p annum, for his service.3
Thomas Cheever performed this service, certainly until August 10, 1719, and perhaps later, although from October
2 Boston Rec. Com. Rep., vii. 240, viii. 2.
3 Ibid., xi. 85.
324
HISTORY OF CHELSEA
ICHAP. XXX
19, 1715, he had been settled as pastor of the church then gathered at Rumney Marsh.4
What sehools, if any, were kept at Rumney Marsh between 1719 and 1728, does not appear ; but March 10, 1728-9, "upon Petition of Rumny Marsh, for Alowance for A School-master there - Voted to ad Twenty Pounds to what they formerly Alowed to mr Thomas Cheever, for the year Ensuing, Pro- vided, that the inhabitants there procure A sutable Person to the Satisfaction of the Selectmen "; and March 9, 1729/30, the sum of forty pounds was allowed; 1732, sixty pounds ; and in 1733-4, ten pounds were added.5
" Several of Cheever's accounts, showing the names of parents and the number of their children attending school, have been preserved, and tabu- lated, and are as follows:
In the School at Rumncy-marish for reading, writing and cyphering, opened ffebr. 8th, 1708/9, according to my agreement with the Selectmen. An account of ye Scholars.
pr. Thomas Cheever.
1709
1710
1711
1713
1713-14
1714
1719
John Tuttle
1
1
Edward Tuttle
5
2
Hugh Floyd
3
4
3
, 3
3
John Floyd
3
2
John Brintnall
2
Elisha Tuttle
2
4
1
1
1
Isaac Lewis
1
1
3
3
3
3
Leathe
1
1
Wayt's
1
Froni Hog Island
3
Chamberlane
3
Widow Hasey
2
1
2
2
5
Abraham Hasey
1
1
3
1
2
Thos. Pratt
1
2
3
3
3
2
Joseph Belcher
1
1
1
Thos. Waitt
1
1
Mr. Hasey
1
Mr. Chamberlane, Sr.
2
2
2
2
Edward Tuttle, Jr.
1
1
2
John Chamberlane, Jr.
2
3
3
3
5
Daniel Floyd
2
Jacob Hasey
1
1
1
John Floyd, Jr.
1
" Boston Rec. Com. Rep., xii. 2, 13, 38, 58.
.
Cheever
2
1
William Hasey
1
John Cole
2
Widow Cole
1
N. Ritchison
2
3
325
EDUCATION
CHAP. XXX]
At some time not known the people of Rumney Marsh were accorded, or assumed, a degree of autonomy ; for -
Monday, ye 2d March, 1729/30.
At a Meeting of the Inhabitants in the District of Rumny mersh, being publiekly & duely Warn'd, Met & Voted As follows, Viz -
Imps, put to Vote - Whether Mr : Samll Watts be Moderator of the Meeting - pass'd in ye Affe: 2d, Whether we are willing to haue a School master Continued the Year ensuing, & we are will- ing to bear our proportion towards Ilis maintenance, Supernu- merary to the Town's Allowance, pass'd in The Affe: 3, Whether we are willing the Inhabitants North of Mr: Leathe's Shall have yr : proportion of the School Amongst themselues, Thay paying yr : proportion of Charge for the time, and To haue ye priviledge of the School Elswere, gratis, pass'd In the Affe: 4, Whether pullin point Shall haue yr proportion of the School Amongst them- selves, they paying yr proportion of The Charge, passd : in the Affe : 5, Whether the School Should be moued twice in the body of the place, passed : in the Affe: 6, Whether the Affair of the School Should be Left to a Comee: passd in the Affe: 7, Whether five men be a Comee : that Dwell in the five parts of the place, passd in the Affe: 8, Whether Mr: Thos: Berry be for the North pt: passd in the Affe: 9, Whether Mr. Jacob Chamberlin be for the North of Cowbridge, Passd in the Affe: 10, Whether Mr : Nathan Cheever be for the South Side of Cowbridge; it passd in the affe: 11, Whether Mr: Joseph Belcher be for pullin point: it passed in the Affe: 12, Whether Mr: Samll : Watts be for Winni- simett. - It passd in the Affe.
[Original in Chamberlain MSS., V. 7.]
About this time is an estimate of the Boston town tax, and the proportion of Rumney Marsh.6
Town Tax, about 1730.
Rumny Marsh's part is 0161 : 10 : 2, & is 42d part to ye whole. The School is £80, a 42d: part of which is fl : 18 : 1.
Rates :
Sam'l Watts £21 : 5 :7 itt tis 2/1% to ye Pound.
Capt Temple, - 31 :
Kent, - 10
D: Watts, - 6
£68 :5:7
Ilogg Island, 7
75 :5:7
326
HISTORY OF CHELSEA
[CHAP. XXX
Presumably, there was no diminution of educational faeili- ties at Rumney Marsh, between the last recorded vote of 1734, and its incorporation as a town in 1739, though tlie evidence is meagre. But, after the organization of the town by choice of its officers, March 20, 1739, the first vote was as follows :
Voted, to continue the grammar-school, provided any person appeared to make up the difference of charge between a grammar & writing School. Then, it was urged that the selectmen have instructions given them respecting the regulation of the school, and voted, that the selectmen visit and examine the school, as often as they think needful, and make report at their annual meeting of the town, respecting the care and conduct of the master, and the proficiency of the youth attending the school: and, also, to fix or move the school as may best commode the town: and appoint stated hours to keep the school.7
The foregoing appeal to the Seleetmen of Boston was equi- tably regarded :
April 11, 1739. Upon a motion made by the Selectmen of Chelsea, late Rumney Marsh, in the Township of Boston, respecting the last Quarter Salary, due to Mr. Belcher Hancock, their school-master, ending the 21 of March last past, Praying the same may be paid to him to that time, for services mentioned.
In consideration that the Tax assessed upon the District of Rumney Marsh was for the charge of 1738, which ended in March, last, and whereas, Mr. Hancock was entered into the last Quarter before the said District was set off by the General Court, as a Dis- trict & separate Township, Therefore, Advis'd that the sum of twenty pounds be drawn upon the Town Treasurer in the next Draft, payable to Mr. Belcher Hancock in full for his services as school-master at Rumney Marsh from 21 Dec., to the 21 of March, last past.8
" Chelsea Town Rec., i. 3.
8 Boston Rec. Com. Rep., xv. 172, 173.
March 20, 1739. Voted the Selectmen, as a committee, to wait on the Boston Selectmen, respecting our charges this year; expostulate with them to refund our full proportion of the tax this year, and defray our public charges to the end of the year. (Chelsea Rec., i. 3.)
This vote discloses the name of the schoolmaster at Rumney Marsh, just before the organization of the town. In the appendix will be found a tabulated statement, so far as the records have preserved them, of the names of teachers and the places where they taught.
-
327
EDUCATION
CHAP. XXX]
The last vote requires explanation. The legal obligations of a town of fifty householders were discharged by the appoint- ment of one within it to teach all such children as should resort to him to write and read; but on the increase of the families or householders to one hundred, they were to set up a grammnar- school with a master competent to fit youth for the univer- sity. With the assistance of Boston and private contribu- tions of those interested, Rumney Marsh, for part of the time at least between 1709 and its incorporation in 1739, had en- joyed the privileges of a grannar-school. At first this school seems to have been kept near the centre of the town, in a building owned by private parties, and not far from the present (Unitarian) meeting-house. Early in April, 1749, we hear of " the school-house near Winnisimet "; and in July the school was moved to the schoolhouse near the meeting- house, which indicates that there were two schoolhouses at that date. With the growth of Pulling Point and Winnisimn- met the school was apparently kept interchangeably at those places and the centre, for we hear of only one schoolmaster at the same time. Late in November, 1749, there was an engagement for "a woman's school " at Pulling Point; and families living remote from any centre were sometimes allowed their proportional part of the school money to be used by them for the instruction of their children. As a rule the selectmen were the school committee, with large discretion as to the times, places, and teachers of the schools.
1740, March 3. Voted not to continue the grammar-school But, inasmuch as some persons may make up the surplus charge between a grammar & writing school, the consideration of a school deferred till next meeting, & the seleetmen desired to take any subscriptions & report at next meeting.9
May 21, 1740. Voted to raise a hundred pounds for schooling in the town at the discretion of a Committee, to whom the sole management of the school or schools be referred: Committee, Nathl Oliver, Junr., John Chamberlain, John Boardman, Hugh Floyd, Edward Tuttle, William Hasey, & Samuel Pratt.10
1743, May 18. Voted £80, old tenor, for the keeping of a school the present year.11
" Town Rec., i. 5.
10 Ibid., 6.
11 Ibid., 12.
328
HISTORY OF CHELSEA
[CHAP. XXX
[Nov. 28, 1898. In recently re-reading the first volume of Selectmen's Records, I have noticed many items respecting Education, which I have not entered in mny text. I do not know that it would be wise to do so. That question I leave for my editor. But it has occurred to me that it might be well to give in the Appendix, or at the end of the chapter on Education, a list of the Rumney-Marsh school-teachers, and in that case the references to the Selectmen's Records would be useful. M. C.]
1749, March 20. Voted to continue a school for six months, and agree with Mr. John Rand, the former sehool-master, if he may be had. Samuel Watts and Samuel Pratt, to contraet with him, therefor. Elder Hasey to have Sixty-eight Pounds, five shillings, old tenor, for boarding the town's sehool-master, six months, the year past.12
1749, April 10. Samuel Pratt reported that the Committee had agreed with Mr. Rand to keep the town sehool for six months, commeneing the 17th inst., at £40., old tenor, per quarter, and his board. School to be opened at the school-house at Winnisimmet, and continue for the time being.13
July 10. School to be moved to the school-house near the meet- inghouse, on Monday, next.14
November 7. The school to be continued at the old school- liouse until the first of December next, or until the school-master has completed his quarter.
To keep a woman's sehool at Pulling Point, it being the earnest desire of the inhabitants there, for three months; Capt. Oliver to agree with Mrs. Ann Ellitt, as soon as may be, to keep said sehool as reasonable as he ean, she being the person the people of the Point are most desirous of having. Mr. Samuel Pratt, to supply the school with a half-cord of eut wood.15
December 12. Capt. Oliver to agree with Mr. Joshua Bill, to kccp the school for three months at Pulling Point, and that he compound with Mrs. Ellitt on the easiest terms he can, and obtain
12 Selectmen's Rec., i. 1. This is the first of many similar entries on the records for the board of schoolmaster. I shall print only such as are connected with items of value, and not elsewhere found. It would be of interest to learn the relative cost of teachers' salaries and board to those of the present day.
13 Ibid., 2.
14 Ibid., 5.
15 Ibid., 8.
329
EDUCATION
CHAP. XXX]
from her a relinquishment of his contract with her, inasmuch as no place can be had on the Point for her to board.16
1750, February 26. Allowed Mrs. Ann Ellitt £9, old tenor, for her time she lost by agreement to keep school at Pulling Point, of which employment she was disappointed as no place could be had for her to board.17
May 14. Voted the conduct of the school be left wholly to the selectmen.18
June 12. Mr. Samuel Livermore, Six pounds, lawful money, as his first quarter's pay.19
September 3, 1750. The school to be continued three months from the 12th instant. Agreed with Samuel Livermore to keep the same at £6, lawful money, and his board. School to be con- tinued at the centre school-house until Oct. 12th.2º
December 12. School to be moved to the house of Capt. Samuel Watts on Monday next as the school-house near Winnisimmet is out of repair, to continue until the proprietors of said house repair same or other, during the selectmen's pleasure.21
Same date. Jacob Parker to have £6-10-6, old tenor, for repairs of the school-house near the meeting-house.22
1751, March 23. Mr. Livermore to continue school another quarter commencing the 13th. School to be moved the first of April from Mr. Watts's to the school-house near Mr. Kent's.23
August 26. Mr. Samuel Livermore appeared, and requested the Selectmen would release him from keeping the town's School, as he had resolved on a necessary voyage to New Jersey. That he should have no desire of leaving the town, for which he had a great value, but it would be to his great damage to be detained. Voted to dismiss said Livermore, and [he] to have £4, due him, this day.2+
16 Selectmen's Ree., i. 9.
17 Ibid., 11.
18 Town Ree., i. 34.
19 Seleetmen's Rec., i. 15.
20 Ibid., 17.
21 Ibid.
22 Ibid., 18. 23 Ibid., 20.
21 Ibid., 23. Samuel Livermore was one of several of the Rumney Marsh school-teachers who became eminent. Several of his descendants are known to fame. His business in New Jersey was to enter Prineeton Col- lege. He was born at Waltham, Mass., May 14, 1732; died at Holderness, N. H., May, 1803. He was admitted to the bar in 1757; became Attorney- General of N. HI., in 1769; judge advocate of admiralty before the Revo- Intion. Was a member of the Continental Congress, 1780-2, and 1785, 6; of the convention to adopt the Federal Constitution in ITSS; President
330
HISTORY OF CHELSEA
[CHAP. XXX
1755, July 7. Mrs. Tuttle to keep school at the school-house, and Mrs. Deborah Brintnall at Winnisimmet, at one dollar per week, each.25
March 7, 1765. Mr. Elisha Donham, £4-5-4 for his wife's keeping school at Winnisimmet in 1764.26
1765, April 1. Mr. John Sargeant, order for £2-13-4 for his wife's keping sehool 20 weeks, in 1764.27
1768, May 19. Voted to have a school-master for the year en- suing : to have the school kept six months in the body of the town at the school-house. To leave the moving the school to the Seleet- men, where they shall think it most beneficial to the town.28
November 8. Voted to accept the school-house and land be- longing to it from the proprietor of the same for the use of a school for the town to be converted to no other use. Committee for same, Thos. Pratt, Samuel Sprague, and Samuel Pratt.29
1769, May 17. Nathan Cheever, Nathaniel Hasey, John Sar- gent, John Tuttle, Abigail Hasey, and Abigail Hawkes, proprietors of a school-house, to Thomas Pratt, Samuel Sprague, Samuel Watts, 'Samuel Sargent, and Samuel Pratt, Seleetmen of Chelsea, for 10s., sell a school-house, near the Meeting-house, for the said town to keep a school in, and never to be alienated or appropriated to any other use.30
of the Const. Convention of 1791; judge of the Supreme Court of N. H., 1782-90; Member Congress, 1789-93; U. S. Senator, 1793-1801, and President pro tem., in 1797 and '99. Drake's Biographical Dictionary.
Nov. 9, 1751. Selectmen's Rec., i. 26. April 13, 1752. Ibid., 34. 25 Ibid., 41.
1763. The town paid James Stowers, £5, for Schooling Two Children, Twenty five weeks & a half, at Two Shillings, pr. Week, each.
1764. For twenty-two weeks & a half same service, £4 10 6.
1765. For fifteen weeks of same service, £3 0 0.
Feb. 7, 1764, Selectmen's Rec., i. 51.
Feb. 7, 1765, Ibid., 58.
March 7, 1765, Ibid., 59.
In 1768. Boarding the Town's schoolmaster was 6 shillings a week.
And see Selectmen's Rec., i. 71, 73, 75, 78, 79, 80, 82, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 94, 95, 101, 106, 107.
1774, the town paid John Tuksbury £1 10 0 for 11 feet of wood, at 2 shillings a foot, and carting same.
In 1776, Joseph Pratt was paid £4 10 per cord, for wood.
In 1779, Jonathan Green boarded the town's schoolmaster 4 weeks, at £3 10, and later, at £14 6. He furnished three feet of wood, at $3 per foot.
20 Selectmen's Rec., i. 59.
27 Ibid., 61.
28 Town Rec., i. 131.
29 Ibid., 132.
30 Suff. Deeds, L. 116, f. 225.
1
331
EDUCATION
CHAP. XXX]
1769, May 25. Voted to have a Grammar-School Master, school to be kept by direction of Seleetinen.31
1770, March 12. Voted not to have a women's school this pres- ent year; to have a School-Master and school to be kept by di- reetion of Selectmen, according to the proportion of taxes and children in the body of the Town, Winnisimmet, and Pulling Point.32
April 2. Paid Peter Thatcher, £12, for keeping school two quarters, from July 28, 1769, to Feb. 18, 1770.33
April 9. Agreed with Mr. Joseph Cummings, to keep the Town's school for £6 per quarter. Accordingly he opened school on the 11th day of April, at Pulling Point.34
1771, March 11. Voted to have the school kept at Pulling Point 14 weeks and 1 day; Winnisimmet 16 weeks, the Select- men to hire some suitable person to keep said school.35
1772, March 9. Point Shirley, for the schooling of the Chil- dren there, to have the proportion of the taxes they have paid the past year and shall pay the ensuing year, when the same shall have been paid to the Town Collector for said years. To have a school kept all the ensuing year in Chelsea, 21 weeks and five days in the body of the town, 16 weeks at Winnisimmet, 14 weeks and one day at Pullen Point (excepting so much of the Town's
31 Town Rec., i. 136.
82 Ibid., 139.
33 Selectmen's Rec., i. 77. Peter Thacher, D.D., minister in Boston, born at Milton, March 21, 1752, died at Savannah, Ga., December 16, 1802. He was of the Harvard Class of 1769. September 19, 1770, he was ordained minister of Malden. During his residence there he took an active part in the pre-Revolutionary measures; wrote at the request of the Mass. Com. of Safety a " Narrative of the Battle of Bunker Hill," published in the "Journals" of the Provincial Congress, of which he was a member : draughted the spirited resolves and instructions recorded on the Malden records of 1775; was a delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1780, and strenuously contended against establishing the office of Gor- ernor, and finally to the title of " His Excellency." Often a Chaplain of the State legislature. Ile was installed over the Brattle St. church, Boston, January 12, 1785, and retained the pastorate till his death. Ile was an excellent preacher, possessed in a singular degree the gift of prayer. and was not less remarkable for his colloquial powers. Whitefield called him " the young Elijah." He was a member of the Amer. Academy of Arts and Sciences, of the Mass. Historical Society, and of many literary and charitable institutions, March 5, 1776, he pronounced the annual oration commemorating the " Massacre," and one at Watertown, against " Standing
· Armies." He published twenty-two distinct works, among which were "Observations on the State of the Clergy in New England," 1783; and " Memoirs of Dr. Boylston," 1789.
" Selectmen's Rec., i. 79.
15 Town Rec., i. 146.
332
HISTORY OF CHELSEA
[CHAP. XXX
money as is drawn out of the Town Treasury by the people at Point Shirley for schooling there. ) 3%
1773, March 8. Voted, that the people at Point Shirley shall have three months schooling next winter season, and all the money the town last March voted that they should draw out of the Town treasury shall be expended (as far as that will go) for paying for next winter's schooling at Point Shirley. The school in the body of the Town, at Winnisimmet and Pulling Point, same as last year. 37
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