Genealogical and personal memoirs relating to the families of the state of Massachusetts, Volume I, Part 27

Author: Cutter, William Richard, 1847-1918, ed; Adams, William Frederick, 1848-
Publication date: 1910
Publisher: New York, Lewis historical publishing company
Number of Pages: 924


USA > Massachusetts > Genealogical and personal memoirs relating to the families of the state of Massachusetts, Volume I > Part 27


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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tioned below. 8. Abigail, May 1665, married, December 9. 1686, John Huntington. 9. Anna, August, 1667, married Wlliam Hough; died November 19, 1745.


(VI) Joseph Lathrop, son of Samuel Lathrop, was born October, 1661, and died in Norwich, Connecticut. July 5, 1740. He was a member of the First Church there. He married (first ) April 8, 1686, Mary Scudder, who died Sep- tember 18, 1695. He married (second) Feb- ruary 2, 1696-7, Elizabeth Watrous, born March 22, 1661, died November 29, 1726, daughter of Isaac and Sarah Watrous. He married (third) November 22, 1727, Mrs. Martha Perkins, widow of Deacon Joseph Perkins, of Newent, now Lisbon, then a part of Norwich. Children : I. Barnabas, born February 4, 1687, died May 25, 1710; mar- ried, January 12, 1709-10, Abigail Abell. 2. Joseph, September 18, 1688, mentioned below. 3. Abigail, September 16, 1693, married Jacob Hazen. 4. Mehitable, November 2, 1697, mar- ried (first) William Bushnell; (second) Octo- ber 3, 1722, Captain Thomas Stoughton Jr. 5. Samuel, May 23. 1699. 6. Elizabeth, Janu- ary 17, 1700-01. 7. Sarah, October 18, 1702. 8. Temperance, October 6, 1704. 9. Solomon, December 13, 1706, married, February 6, 1728-29, Mrs. Martha Todd. 10. Ruth, De- cember II. 1709. II. Esther, November 17, 1712. 12. Zerviah, April 9, 1718, married, 1739, William Bradford.


(VII) Joseph Lathrop, son of Joseph Lathrop, was born in Norwich, September 18, 1688, married, April 13, 1735, Mary Harts- horn. She united with the church in Franklin, then part of Norwich, in 1737. The inventory of his estate "in Norwich and Waterbury" was dated March 1, 1757. Children: I. Jonathan John Scudder, "eldest son," married, July 27, 1763, Mrs. Priscilla Wood; died March 20, 1780. 2. Barnabas, April 19, 1738, mentioned below. 3. Joseph, June 9, 1740, died young. 4. Zebediah, "youngest son," died 1783. 5. Mary, "only daughter."


(VIII) Barnabas Lathrop, son of Joseph Lathrop, was born in Norwich, April 19, 1738, and married, July 7, 1757, Sarah Davis. He became a Baptist preacher, and after a some- what roving life died in New Milford, Con- necticut. Children: I. Joseph, born Novem- ber 20, 1758. 2. Daniel, October 23, 1760, in Norwich, died July 23, 1761. 3. Sarah, Octo- ber 20, 1762. 4. Daniel, mentioned below. 5. Rufus, married Debby Ackly and died in South Cairo. New York. 6. Anne.


(IX) Daniel Lathrop, son of Barnabas


Lathrop, was born in Norwich, October 23, 1765, and died in New Milford in 1861. He married (first) Grace Loveredge, who was born in 1768; (second) Esther Taylor. Chil- dren: I. Lydia, born in Colchester, Connec- ticut, November 12, 1787, married Andrew Lamson. 2. Daniel, Colchester, February I, 1790, married, August 15, 1812, Sarah Fisher. 3. Amasa, Colchester, September 30, 1792, married Lucinda Clark ; died 1872. 4. Henry, Colchester, June 4, 1794, married Angeline Owens. 5. Barnabas, New Milford, October 29, 1796, married Sarah Ann Driskill. 6. Sally, New Milford, December 20, 1798, married John Mann, of Becket, Massachusetts. 7. Alanson, March 22, 1802, mentioned below. 8. John, April 23, 1804, married (first) Min- erva Beeman ; (second ) Joanna Cook ; (third) October 20, 1839, Anna Maria Way ; died July 18, 1858. 9. Anna, June 2, 1806, married James Stewart. 10. Laura, November 25, 1808, married Stephen Keeler. II. Harriet, October 13, 1812, married Wilsey Steward. 12. Abigail. 13. George, March 17, 1822.


(X) Alanson Lathrop, son of Daniel Lathrop, was born March 22, 1802, and settled in Becket, Massachusetts. He married, January 13, 1825, Hannah Kingsley. They had nine children.


(XI) Lester Lathrop, son of Alvanson Lathrop, was born in Becket, July 7, 1826. He was educated in the public schools of his native town. He learned the trade of tanner and followed it many years. He was also engaged in farming. In politics he was a Republican. He attends the Baptist church. He married, at Middlefield, Massachusetts, November 30, 1848, Eliza Ann Crow, born 1825, daughter of William and Abigail Crow, of Montgomery, Massachusetts. Children: I. Ada E. 2. Eva, born December 3, 1854, mar- ried Fred W. Cross. 3. Etta A., October 2, 1858, married Elmer D. Ballou. 4. William Lester, mentioned below. 5. Alice U., June 3, 1866.


(XII) William Lester Lathrop, son of Les- ter Lathrop, was born in Middlefield, Massa- chusetts, September 15, 1860, and was edu- cated in the public schools of Becket and in Claflin Academy. He then learned the trade of brass finisher and worked at it for some three years. He came to Orange, Massachu- setts, in 1880, to work for the New Home Sewing Machine Company, and he continued in the employ of that concern for a period of nineteen years, becoming foreman of a depart- ment in the works. He displayed unusual skill as a mechanic and great executive ability as


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head of a department. He resigned upon receiving his appointment as postmaster of Orange in January, 1900, an office he has held to the present time and filled with conspicuous fidelity and efficiency. He is a member of Orange Lodge of Free Masons; of Crescent Chapter, Royal Arch Masons ; of Orange Com- mandery, Knights Templar; is a past noble grand of Social Lodge, No. 132, Odd Fellows. He also belongs to Fall Hill Encampment and Asah Rebekah Lodge of Odd Fellows; to Athenian Lodge, No. 51, Knights of Pythias, and has been captain of Canton Orange, Patriarchs Militant. In politics he is a Re- publican, and he attends the Universalist Society. He married, in 1892, Stella M. Gil- more, born in Orange, died July 31, 1904, daughter of Daniel Gilmore. Children, born in Orange: 1. Lester Gilmore, born January 30, 1893. 2. Maxwell James, July 17, 1895. 3. Victor William, May 25, 1897. 4. Doris Marion, May 2, 1902.


WELLINGTON The surname Welling- ton is identical with Willington, the more common spelling in the old country, though both speliings were used interchangeably by many families a few generations ago in both England and America. The history of the family extends back to the Norman conquest of Eng- land. The ancient baronial family of Willing- ton was established at the time of William the Conqueror. It is a place-name, like that of many of the more important English surnames. The family of Willington took the name of the town. The Willington family at Umberleigh, Devonshire ; at Todenham, county Gloucester ; at Barchesterm Brailes and Hurley, county Warwick, all trace their ancestry to Sir Ralph de Willington, who married in the fourteenth century a daughter of Sir William Champer- nowne, of Umberleigh, inherited his estates and assumed his coat-of-arms, omitting the billets : Gules a saltire vair. Crest : A moun- tain pine vert, fructed or. John de Welling- ton (or Willington) of Derbyshire, lived at or about the time of the conquest, and from him descend the baronial family above mentioned. There are parishes of this name in county Salop, county Somerset, Hereford and North- umberland. The coats-of-arms of the Well- ingtons are given by Burke: Ermine a chevron sable : also ermine a chevron sable a crescent or. Crest : A demi-savage wreathed about the head and middle with laurel leaves all proper. Other Willington arms : Sable a bend engrailed


cotised argent ; also Ermine a chevron ermine (another sable) ; also Per pale endented argent and sable a chief or; also ermine three bends azure; also sable a bend engr. argent cotised or; also or a cross vair. The similarity of arms such as may be noted in these cited is the best proof of relationship in old English families.


(I) Roger Willington, immigrant ancestor, planter, born 1609-10, died March II, 1697- 98, sailed from England, and probably came to Watertown at once on landing. The record of him is the first entry of town records of Watertown, showing an allotment of land dated July 25, 1636, a grant of the great dividend allotted to the freemen and to all the townsmen then inhabiting, one hundred and twenty in number. Roger Willington received twenty acres, now a part of Mt. Auburn ceme- tery, on which he built the first Willington homestead, where he lived until 1659. Other references in town records are as follows: April 9, 1657, account of men deputed by towne to fee. To keeping of the order of hogs (the 15th) Roger Willington is the entry 3 shillings. "Town meeting January 10, 1658, chozen to looke after the law and for the regulating of hogs and fences Roger Welling- ton and Thomas Straits; December 6, 1662, fined 10 shillings for insufficient fence Dated October 29, 1663." "Haveing given in an account of to rates to great diffiaction both to pastor and selectmen We have appointed Leife Burns Willy and Bond to deal with him to bring him to a more tollarable account or else to send him to the grandiary." "Att a meet- ing of the selectmen 30th 8th Month 1662 agreed between the town & Corporall Willing- ton that a straight line from the corner from his present fence att Eaton's house next the highway and so to the line between him and Samuel Hatchers land upon the north side of the Swamps; shall be the dividinge line be- tween him & the Towne consented unto by the Corporall Willington owned before the select- men by setting to his hand Signed Roger Will- ington." "A town meeting November 2, 1674 chozen for surveyors Corporall Willington and John Traine Senycar." "The - - of Eaprill 79. Corporall Willington & Robt Herington with the consent of the selectmen demanded the (Cee) of the schoolhouse of Leftenant Sherman but he refused to deliver it." It is interesting to note that he was usually called corporal. By deed dated April 4, 1657, Mid- dlesex county registry, he purchased twelve acres of land containing dwelling house and


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barn which became a part of the family estate in Lexington and the home of all the Welling- ton ancestors. Lexington was then a part of Watertown and later Cambridge. He was admitted a freeman April 18, 1690. His will is dated December 17, 1697, and was proved April II, 1698, "feeble by reason of age," be- queathing to sons John, Joseph, Benjamin, Oliver and Palgrave; grandchild, John Mad- docks, Roger Wellington and Mary Liver- more. He was selectman in 1678-79-81-82-83- 84-91. He married Mary, eldest daughter of Dr. Richard Palgrave, of Charlestown, date of marriage not known. Children: I. John, born July 25, 1638, admitted freeman, 1677, farmer of Cambridge. 2. Mary, February 10, 1641, married (first) May 21, 1662, Henry Mad- docks; (second) John Coolidge. 3. Joseph, October 9, 1643. married (first) Sarah - ; (second) Elizabeth Straight. 4. Benjamin, mentioned below. 5. Oliver, November 23, 1648. 6. Palgrave, admitted freeman, April 18, 1690; followed the profession of his grand- father for whom he was named ; married Sarah Bond.


(II) Benjamin, fourth child of Roger Will- ington probably born 1646, died January 8, 1710. He lived on the family estate in Lex- ington, and was called yeoman. December 7, 1671, he married Elizabeth Sweetman, of Cambridge. Children : Elizabeth, born December 29, 1673, married John Fay, of Marlborough. 2. Benjamin, June 21, 1676, mentioned below. 3. John, July 26, 1678, died November 30, 1717. 4. Ebenezer, married, January 28, 1704. Deliverance Bond, settled in Lexington. 5. Ruhamah, married, November 15, 1699, Deacon Joseph Brown. 6. Mehitable, baptized March 4, 1688, married, September 13, 1715, William Sherman, of Newtown, and was mother of Roger Sherman, who was named after his great-grandfather, Roger Willington. 7. Joseph, baptized January 4, 1691. 8. Roger.


(III) Benjamin (2) Wellington, son of Benjamin (I) Willington, born June 21, 1676, died November 15, 1738, "At towne meeting were chosen survayurs swine cattle & fences Richard Child & Benjamin Wellington." He was admitted a freeman in December, 1667. The "History of Lexington" says of him: "He was for many years one of the most popular men of the town; was assessor sixteen years, town clerk fifteen years, treasurer three years, representative three years. He was admitted to the church at Lexington, June 10, 1705. His will, dated July 13, 1708, proved January 30


following, described him as "housewright and carpenter." He married (first) January 16, 1698-99, Lydia Brown, and the same year built himself a house on the family estate at Lexing- ton; his wife died May 13, 1711. He married (second) December 25, 1712, Elizabeth, widow of Samuel Phipps, and daughter of


Stevens, of Charlestown; she died January 17, 1729-30, aged fifty-four. He married (third) Mary Whitney. Children of first wife : I. Benja- min, born May 21, 1702, died November 15, 1738. 2. Lydia, August 24, 1704, died August 10, 1718. 3. Kezia, born March 28, 1707. 4. John, born November 12, 1709, died Septem- ber 22, 1728. Children of second wife: 5. Abigail, July 14, 1715, married, February 19, 1734, David Munroe. 6. Timothy, born July 27, 1719, mentioned below. Children of third wife: 7. Mary, October 20, 1732. 8. Oliver, April 14, 1735.


(IV) Timothy, son of Benjamin (2) Well- ington, was born in Lexington, July 27, 1719, date of death unknown ; his will was probated December 23, 1750. He was by trade a wheel- wright and made ( family traditions says) the wheels to the gun carriage of the Cambridge cannon used in the revolution. He was also a farmer, and resided on the homestead in Lexington, which remained in the family until 1895, when it was sold. He married, Septem- ber 23, 1742, Rebecca Stone, born January 22, 1721, daughter of Jonathan and Chary (Adams) Stone, of Lexington, a descendant of Deacon Gregory Stone, of Watertown. His wife survived him, and February 14, 1754, married John Dix, of Waltham. Children: I. Benjamin, born August 7, 1743, mentioned below. 2. Chary, July 12, 1745. 3. Timothy, April 15, 1747, died April 18, 1809; was father of Dr. Timothy Wellington. 4. Abigail, March 14, 1750, married, December 29, 1768, Daniel Colling, of Waltham. 5. Ruhamon, Septem- ber 4, 175I.


(V) Benjamin (3), son of Timothy Well- ington, born at Lexington, August 7, 1743, died there September 14, 1812. He attended the district school, and early learned the trade of wheelwright, which he followed many years. His shop was across the road, just north of the house. The first house of the Wellingtons was of the old fashioned type, where the roof slants nearly to the ground in the rear. In 1803 he built a new house. He made many of the gun carriages for the Continental army. His farm was inherited by his two sons, Peter and Benjamin. The milk raised on the farm was marketed in Boston, and it is said that


:


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Benjamin Wellington was the first man to carry milk such a distance. Wooden bottles were used, and the Charles river was crossed by a ferry. He was a member of the First Congregational Church, and was beloved for his kindly and charitable nature. In politics he was a Democrat, and served as selectman for many years. He was one of the gallant company of minute-men who took part in the battle of Lexington, and was the first armed prisoner taken during the war. On the spot where he was captured has been erected a red granite tablet commemorating the event and his gallantry. Elias Phinney, in the history of the battle, describing the march of the British towards Lexington common on the memorable morn, says: "In order to secure persons trav- elling upon the road the British would send two soldiers at a considerable distance in advance of the main body with orders to secrete themselves in each side of the road and when any one approached they would allow him to pass them so as to get between them and the troops and then rise and close in. As Benjamin Wellington was on his way to Lex- ington common that morning, having been warned by the summons of Paul Revere, in climbing over a high stone wall into the high- way at Lexington he found either side of him a British soldier. He was taken prisoner and disarmed. On being asked where he was going he replied 'Hunting.' He promised to return to his home, and as it was impossible for his captors to manage a prisoner he was allowed to go but his gun was not returned. Instead of returning home he took another way to the common and arrived before the British in time to announce their approach and take part in the fight. Thus he told a lie in order to fight in the cause of freedom." His name is given by Captain Parker in list of his company in 1775, and following in Parker's account refers to him in Twelfth campaign to the tak- ing of Burgoyne, Sergeant Benjamin Welling- ton four pounds. He was with Washington's army at Cambridge. The following used to be told by Hepzibah ( Hastings) Wellington : "When Benjamin Wellington was with Wash- ington's army there was a time for several days that the army was practically without food. During that time Benjamin Wellington came home to find his family just ready for their dinner, but the army had to be considered so he took not only the family dinner but every edible thing in the place, and harnessing the horses carried the provisions to the troops. For two days the family had only mush and milk,


but such sacrifices were willingly made by them." He was in Captain John Bridge's com- pany, Colonel Eleazer Brooks' regiment, on duty at Roxbury. He was also sergeant in Captain Samuel Farrar's company, Colonel Reed's regiment, in 1777, to reinforce the army under General Gates and was present at the surrender of Burgoyne. He married, Decem- ber 4, 1766, Martha Ball, of Waltham (South- borough). Children: I. Mary, born Septem- ber 22, 1767, married (first) December 31, 1789, Asa Baldwin Locke; (second) Abijah Harrington ; children : Oliver Locke, Bald- win Locke, Abigail Locke, Mary Locke. 2. Abigail, baptized in Waltham. October 1, 1769. 3. Benjamin, baptized July 13, 1772. 4. Oliver, baptized November 13, 1774. 5. Benjamin Oliver, born August 23, 1778, died November 10, 1853; married, May 20, 1811, Polly Hast- ings ; children : i. Oliver Hastings, born Feb- ruary 23, 1812, died March 1, 1813; ii. Oliver Hastings, born August 19, 1813, married, Au- gust 29, 1838, Charlotte Augusta Kent, of Con- cord, New Hampshire, and had Mary C., Will- iam A., Arthur M., and Lucy M. D .; iii. Mary Jane, born July 15, 1815, married, April 17, 1845, James H. Danforth, of Boston; iv. Albert, born June 1, 1817; v. Ambrose, born April 11, 1819, married, May, 1845, Lucy J. Kent; vi. Martha, born April II, 1821, died January, 1863; vii. Benjamin, born March 21, 1823; viii. Dorcas Ann, born April 20, 1825, married Dr. George H. Taylor; ix. Laura, born December 30, 1827; x. Winslow, born May 16, 1829; xi. Edward, born March 3, 1831, drowned in Fresh Pond, July 6, 1852, while a member of the Lawrence Scientific School. 6. Peter, born May 31, 1781. 7. Rich- ard, born July 14, 1783, died December II, 1836. 8. James, twin with Patty, born Decem- ber 12, 1785, married, November 18, 1821, Susannah Jacobs, of Littleton, Massachusetts, born August 7, 1801 ; children: i. Edwin, born 1823; ii. Angelina, born May 20, 1824, mar- ried Darius Crosby, and had Linda, Carrie May, James Wellington and Isaac Wellington Crosby ; iii. James Everett, born April 27, 1827, married, October 24, 1854, Frances Jane Kilbourne, born June 21, 1829, and had Emma Kilbourne, born August 7, 1856, died Marchi 17, 1865, Maud Kilbourne, born November 29, 1858, and Everetta Kilbourne, born Septem- ber 22, 1872; iv. Adrianna, born May 27, 1829, married James H. Kidder, of Watertown, and had Osmer Wellington Kidder, Mary Welling- ton Kidder (married Edwin H. Baker, and had Madeline and Adrianna Baker). 9. Patty,


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twin with James, born December 12, 1785, married, June 28, 1821, Charles Reed, of Lex- ington, had Henry, not now living; she was drowned, date unknown. 10. Isaac, born De- cember 5, 1787.


(VI) Isaac, youngest child of Benjamin (3) Wellington, was born December 5, 1787. He married, November 18, 1824, Mary W. Jacobs; children: Oliver, Francena, Mary Ann, Isaac Baldwin and Luther Brooks.


(VII) Luther Brooks, youngest child of Isaac Wellington, married Susan K. Blanchard, of Medford, Massachusetts. He and his brother Isaac Baldwin were connected together in business in New York City.


(VIII) Arthur W., eldest child of Luther Brooks and Susan Kidder ( Blanchard) Well- ington, was born at Catskill, New York, Sep- tember II, 1868. He has been connected with the sole leather business in Boston since a young man. He purchased the old Clark farm of one hundred and six acres in the town of Weston, where he resides. He has been con- nected with the musical world since the age of sixteen years, being the possessor of a fine bass voice. His political affiliations are with the Republican party, and he is a member of St. Botolf Club and Harvard Musical Asso- ciation. He was formerly a member of the Puritan, Cecelia and Apollo clubs, singing in all of them. He married, September 19, 1904, Evelyn Jenks, born June 27, 1876, daughter of Robert and Nancy (Jenks) Lawton, the for- mer a merchant of New Bedford.


(VIII) Louis Baldwin, brother of the pre- ceding, was born in Brooklyn, New York, October 29, 1870. In 1888 he entered the banking house of Kidder, Peabody & Company in the capacity of clerk. He remained with this concern for a period of three years, then entered the employ of F. S. Moseley & Com- pany, as clerk, remaining with them until Jan- uary I, 1902, when a new firm was formed and Mr. Wellington was admitted to partnership. Mr. Wellington is Republican in politics, a member of the Tennis and Racquet Club of Boston. He married, July 25, 1895, Louise Lawton, a sister of the wife of his brother Arthur W. Children: Margaret, born May 21, 1897; Virginia, September 23, 1899; and Linda, March, 1901.


WINCHESTER The Winchesters are an old English family and for many generations anterior to the seventeenth century were seat- ed in Kent, from whence it is supposed that


the American ancestor of the family here con- sidered came to New England. According to well authenticated records the immigrant Win- chesters were two brothers, both young men, who followed the tide of westward emigrants and took up their homes in the Plymouth col- ony on Cape Cod. One of the brothers, Alex- ander by name, is said not to have left male issue, and of the other it is said that he was the progenitor and ancestor of all who have borne his surname in this country. It is with this branch of the Winchester family that we have particularly to deal in this narrative, and while in some respects the records of his descendants is settled with reasonable certainty, there are others of them who are known to be among his descendants, yet by reason of imperfect records the line is difficult and in some cases quite impossible to establish beyond question of doubt.


(I) John Winchester, who is mentioned in history as "one of the founders of New Eng- land," and who probably is entitled to the distinction of having been the ancestor of all who bear his surname on this side of the Atlan- tic ocean, sailed from the city of London in the "Elizabeth," William Stagg, master, in April, 1635, and then was nineteen years old. From what part of England he came is not certain, but tradition says that he was of the Winchesters of Kent. In 1636 he settled in the plantation at Hingham, in the colony of Plymouth, with his fellow voyagers, the Bates family, and in July of that year was allotted five acres of farm land. He joined the first church in Boston in 1636, was made freeman in 1637, and was admitted to membership of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company in 1638. Soon after 1650 he left Hingham and went to Muddy River, that part of Boston which now is Brookline, where he was sur- veyor in 1664-69-70, constable in 1672-73, and tythingman in 1680. He seems to have pros- pered at Muddy River, and at his death, April 25, 1694, left an estate which inventories as of the value of three hundred and seven pounds ten shillings, and which was inherited by his sons John and Josiah. John Winchester, the elder, married, October 15, 1638, Hannah Sealis, daughter of Deacon Richard Sealis, of Scituate. She died September 18, 1697, hav- ing borne her husband four children: I. John, baptized June 2, 1644. 2. Mary, March 26, 1648. 3. Jonathan, died Roxbury, January 8. 1679. 4. Josiah, born March 20, 1655, died February 22, 1728.


(II) John (2), son of John (I) and Han-


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nah (Sealis) Winchester, was baptized in 1644 and died in Brookline, February 1, 1718. He was a prominent figure in the early history of Brookline and by occupation was a mason and farmer. He was one of the first signers of the petition drawn by his neighbor, Samuel Sewall, for the separation of Muddy River from the parent town of Boston, which peti- tion was granted November, 1705, and from that date Muddy River took the name of Brookline. John Winchester Jr., was the first representative from Brookline to the colonial assembly of Massachusetts Bay, 1709-10, and he also served as constable, commissioner, selectman, and in 1717 was one of the principal founders of the Brookline church. During King Philip's war he was a soldier and is men- tioned as having been stationed at the garri- son of Punkapauque (now Canton), April 24, 1676. He died in 1718, leaving an estate which inventories at one thousand and six pounds, nine shillings. He married (first) Hannah --- , and after her death married Joanna Stevens, born May 28, 1652, by whom he had nine children: I. Joanna, born September 6, 1674. 2. John, April 17, 1676. 3. Mary, bap- tized August 13, 1677. 4. Benjamin. 5. Ebe- nezer, died November 21, 1756. 6. Henry. 7. Stephen, born February 8, 1686, died 1751. 8. Mehitable. 9. Jonathan.




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