USA > Massachusetts > Bristol County > History of Bristol County, Massachusetts, with biographical sketches of many of its pioneers and prominent men > Part 24
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THE MOUNT PLEASANT CHURCH owed its origin to Noah Tripp and some twenty-two others from the Pleasant Street Church. The house was built in 1852. In the commencement it was proposed to make it free to all denominations, but it was after- wards deemed necessary to organize as a Methodist Church, which was done April 19, 1854. The first pastor was Rev. E. W. Dunbar. He was followed by Rev. Messrs. Gavitt, Hinks, Worthing, and Ham- len, who preached a year each. The house was then sold to the Baptists, who held services but a short time.
CHAPTER XI.
NEW BEDFORD .- ( Continued.)
PRESS-EDUCATIONAL-BANKS, ETC.
The Medley, or New Bedford Marine Journal-The Mercury-The Standard-The Whaleman's Shipping-List-The New Bedford Signal -Numerous other Newspapers-Friends' Academy-Free Public Li- brary-The National Bank of Commerce-The Merchants' National Bank-The Mechanics' National Bank-The First National Bank- The Citizens' National Bank-Institution for Savings-Five-Cent Savings-Bank - Water-Works -New Bedford and Fairhaven Street Railway - Post-Office -Wamsutta Mills-Potamska Mills-Grinnell Mills - Gosnold Mills, etc .- Masonic-Star in the East Lodge- Eureka Lodge-Adoniram Chapter R. A. M .- Sutton Commandery- Early Physicians-Fire Society, 1809-The Ship Rebecca-Miscella- neons.
THE first paper published in New Bedford was The Medley, or New Bedford Marine Journal, the first num- ber of which was issued Nov. 27, 1792, " printed and published by John Spooner, at his office near Rotch's wharf." It was a small sixteen-column sheet. The first number contained news from Italy, France, and England, and a record of the proceedings of the Second Congress of " Confederated America." John Spooner notifies the inhabitants that "he has just re- ceived from New London and for sale the following books." In the list were "Watts' Hymns," "Fen- ning's Spelling-Book," " Vicar of Wakefield," " Sea- men's Journals," " Adventures of Gil Blas," " Fanny, or the Happy Repentance," etc. He also advertises for sale Dutch quills, wafers, etc., and will take " cash or any of the above books given in exchange for clean cotton or linen rags, old sail-cloth, or junk."
Caleb Green advertises " Books and book-binding," while William Rotch, Jr., " Respectfully informs his Customers and Friends he has for sale wholesale and retail, at his store in New Bedford, sail-cloth, coarse and fine sheetings, pork and salt, Philadelphia and Russia bar-iron, paints, etc."
The brig "Mary" is advertised to sail for Havre de Grace, Cornelius Grinnell, master; and the sloop " Mayflower," Gibbs West, master, for New York and Chesapeake.
The New Bedford Mercury, a weekly newspaper, was established in 1807 by Benjamin Lindsey, who had
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previously worked as compositor and foreman in the printing-office of the Palladium in Boston. It was a small sheet of sixteen columns, printed "on good paper and in fair type," the subscription price two dollars, exclusive of postage, and "payable half- yearly in advance." In his address to the public the editor says, " It is our wish and intention to pub- lish a useful and, as far as our resources will permit, an entertaining journal, embracing all those objects which properly fall within its scope, etc. . . . In politics we shall adopt the truly republican principles of Washington's 'Farewell Address,' convinced that all Americans are alike interested in their support. Thus doing, we shall
"' Nothing extenuate, Nor set down aught in malice.' "
The first issue contains " very late foreign news" (for those ante-clipper-ship, ante-steam-power, and ante-telegraph times), a proclamation by Thomas Jefferson, and various local advertisements by Abra- ham Sherman, Peter Barney & Son, and Russell, Thornton & Co. In the second number is an adver- tisement of a new line of stages between New Bed- ford and Boston, announcing that the "stage will start from Crocker's tavern in New Bedford at sun- rise on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, and ar- rive at Boston at three o'clock P.M."
The founder of the Mercury conducted it alone till 1826, when his son, Benjamin Lindsey, Jr., was asso- ciated with him. In 1831 they started the Daily Mer- cury (the first daily established in New Bedford), and the senior proprietor soon after retiring, the entire man- agement devolved upon the son, who published it till July 15, 1861, when, having been appointed United States consul at St. Catharine's, Brazil, he sold the newspaper establishment to C. B. H. Fessenden and William G. Baker.
The Mercury, under Mr. Lindsey's management, grew in importance and value, was edited with abil- ity, and for many years enjoyed a wide circulation. For a long time it had no competitor, there being then no evening paper, and its close attention to the fullness and accuracy of its ship news secured for it a generous list of subscribers.
Fessenden & Baker took charge of the paper upon the very eve of the late civil war. It was not an auspicious time for such an undertaking by men of limited pecuniary means and unacquainted with the details of newspaper business. But the new proprie- tors had a decided taste for journalism, and lost noth- ing in reputation, if they gained nothing in money, by the venture. The character of the paper did not suffer by the transfer. It honestly and heartily sup- ported the Republican administration in the prosecu- tion of the war and afterwards in the great work of reconstruction. It advocated at an early day the arming of the enslaved negroes and their emancipa- tion, one of its editorials having the caption, “ We
must fight them or free them." In the darkest days of the Rebellion its leading articles were cheery and hopeful, prophesying progress through a big disaster, and showing unbounded confidence in the final tri- umph of the nation. Even beyond the circumscribed limits of its circulation it exerted a healthful and conservative influence, for its columns were scrupu- lously kept free from anything that would offend good taste or injure public or private morals, and it was vigorous in its advocacy of all real reform. It was persistent in urging the introduction of pure water into New Bedford as a sanitary and economic measure, and the supplementing of the loss to the city from the inevitable decline of the whale fish- ery by the increase of manufactures, both which have gradually come to pass.
May 1, 1876, the Mercury passed by purchase into the hands of the present proprietors, Messrs. Stephen W. Booth, Warren E. Chase, and William L. Sayer, who now, under the style of the Mercury Publishing Company, conduct it. Mr. Booth had for years been in the employ of Fessenden & Baker as clerk and then business manager. Mr. Chase had large expe- rience and skill as a compositor, and Mr. Sayer had graduated with honor from the Mercury office as re- porter. Young, hopeful, intelligent, industrious, and determined to succeed, they have kept up the tone of the paper, and in many respects improved its appear- ance. Republican in principle, it is independent of party, its editor, Mr. Sayer, approving or condemning measures without regard to their party origin or sup- port. The paper is losing nothing of vigor in its old age, keeps up with the current of opinion on matters of public concern, is breezy with local news, and prom- ises to grow and prosper with the growth and pros- perity of the city, because it supplied a public need.
The Old Colony Gazette was started in October, 1808. In 1811 the name was changed to the New Bedford Gazette, and again in 1812 to The Bristol Gazette, when it was removed to Fairhaven. It was discontinued July 10, 1813. Billings & Tucker and David Hollis had charge of it in 1810, afterwards Joseph Gleason, Jr., until Feb. 5, 1813, when it passed into the hands of Paul Taber.
The New Bedford Courier was established June 12, 1827, by Benjamin T. Congdon. In 1833 the words Weekly Lyceum were added to the title. In the fol- lowing year the Workingmen's Press, a paper first issued in May, 1832, was united with the Courier. The first number of the consolidated sheets appeared Feb. 26, 1834, under the management of Harris & Borroughs, to whom Mr. Congdon had transferred his interest in the paper. After the publication of the second or third number the paper again passed into his hands, and was continued by him under the same title, New Bedford Weekly Courier and Workingmen's Press, till July 2, 1834, when he sold it to J. George Harris and Charles W. Rexford, who changed the title to New Bedford Gazette and Weekly Courier, and
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HISTORY OF BRISTOL COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS.
published it in connection with the Daily Gazette until November 3d of the same year, when the partnership was dissolved by the withdrawal of Rexford. Mr. Harris edited the paper until 1838. In 1838 the name was again changed to The New Bedford Weekly Advocate, but neither this paper nor the Daily Gazette, which was established in 1833, and edited by Harris & Rexford and J. George Harris, were published in 1839.1
Mr. Harris is now a retired pay director in the navy, residing in Nashville, Tenn., with summer residence at New London, Conn.
The Register, daily and weekly, was published by William Canfield in 1839; Morning Register and New Bedford Register, by Canfield & Andros, in 1841 ; Evening Register and New Bedford Register, by Wil- liam Young, in 1845.
The Daily Evening Bulletin and Semi- Weekly Bulle- tin were started in 1842, edited by William Eddy in 1843, by Charles T. Congdou in 1844, and by Henry Tilden in 1845-46.
During 1846 the evening paper was published tri- weekly, and the name of the weekly changed to The Weekly Bulletin and Advocate.
The Seaman's Reporter and Family Visitor, after- wards The New Bedford Reporter and Whalemen's Weekly Visitor, edited by Joseph H. Smith, appeared in July, 1844. He was succeeded, in 1849, by Charles H. Kingsford. In connection with the weekly Mr. Smith also published from July 2, 1847, a semi- weekly called the New Bedford Reporter and Semi- Weekly Democrat. Kingsford afterwards issued an octavo sheet, made up of advertisements and circu- lated gratuitously.
The Daily Evening Standard was first issued on Fri- day, Feb. 15, 1850, and was a sheet nineteen by twenty-seven inches in size. The field had long been occupied by the Mercury, and many attempts to es- tablish rival newspapers had failed. Mr. Edmund Anthony, the originator of the Standard, was a native of Swansea, and for some years carried on the print- ing business in Taunton, where he founded the Taun- ton Democrat, now the Gazette, and its weekly edition, now called the Household Gazette. The Standard rapidly gained in patronage and favor, and Feb. 6, 1851, the announcement was made that its circulation in the city of New Bedford was more than that of any other paper. As a consequence the postal authorities awarded to it the advertising of letters not called for, and the advertisement appeared in its columns for the first time April 16th. The Standard has been en- larged several times,-July 1, 1852, Feb. 15, 1856, June 8, 1864, Nov. 16, 1865, Jan. 2, 1871, and Oct. 23, 1879,-and is now a broad sheet twenty-five by forty-two inches. With the extension of telegraph facilities at the opening of the civil war it became advisable to print more than one daily edition. The hour of publication had been three o'clock. Another
edition at 3.30 o'clock first appeared June 1, 1861, and was continued till Nov. 7, 1868 ; another at five o'clock appeared July 6, 1861, and is still regularly issued. For a few months at the opening of the war a morn- ing edition was printed, and for a number of summers previous to 1870 an extra edition was published at 1.30 o'clock, in order that it might be circulated the same day at the great summer resort on Martha's Vineyard. Increased means of transportation have since obviated the necessity of this. At one time in the course of the war, from Sept. 2, 1864, to April 15, 1865, the state of the paper market was such that the proprietors could not obtain paper the exact size they needed, and the columns were temporarily shortened about half an inch. In January, 1864, Mr. Anthony commenced the publication of the Springfield Union, and July 26th of that year it was announced that the Standard would appear in the name of E. Anthony & Sons, Edmund Anthony (Jr.) and Benjamin An- thony being admitted as partners. Mr. Anthony dis- posed of his Springfield enterprise in about two years and returned to New Bedford, where he died Jan. 24, 1876, at the age of sixty-seven years. The style of the firm continues as before, E. Anthony & Sons.
The Republican Standard (weekly), published on Thursdays, commenced at the same time with the daily, the first number appearing Feb. 21, 1850, its size being twenty-two by thirty-three inches. Its prosperity and progress have been proportionate to that of the Evening Standard, and it was enlarged Feb. 16, 1854, Jan. 3, 1867, Jan. 5, 1871, Jan. 4, 1877, and Jan. 4, 1883, and its size is now thirty-five by forty-nine inches. At the time of enlargement in 1867 the quarto form was adopted. These newspapers are the largest of their respective classes south of Boston and east of Providence, and their circulation is larger than that of any other papers in the same section, the regular issue of which being between three thou- sand five hundred and four thousand copies. The Evening Standard is mostly read in New Bedford and within ten miles around. Its circulation in the city is about two thousand nine hundred copies, or one for every nine inhabitants, men, women, and children. Three-fourths or more of the circulation of the Repub- lican Standard is in the towns of Southern Massachu- setts and Eastern Rhode Island, and it is sent regu- larly to six hundred post-offices. The aim of the Standard has been from the first to present a thorough digest of news of every description on all the current topics of the time, giving special prominence to de- tails of matters of local interest. In politics it has been in affiliation with the Republican party, except with regard to the tariff. The job-printing depart- ment of the office is well organized and does a large business. Though inaugurated on what superstition has marked as an unlucky day, the enterprise has been an unbroken success in all respects, and has be- come the largest printing establishment in Southern Massachusetts.
1 See biographical department.
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The Whaleman's Shipping- List and Merchants' Tran- script was founded March 17, 1843, by Henry Lindsey, and conducted by him until his death in 1853. It then passed into the hands of Benjamin Lindsey, and was owned by him until 1873, when it was purchased by E. P. Raymond, who has since conducted it as sole editor and proprietor. Mr. Raymond has had the editorial management of the paper since 1861. It is the only paper of its kind in the world, and its circulation ex- tends to London, Dublin, Glasgow, Canary Islands, Paris, China, St. Helena, Barbadoes, New Zealand, Chili, Tasmania, Berlin, Azores, etc.
The New Bedford Signal was started Dec. 14, 1878, by George Robertson as editor and proprietor. It was started as a twenty-column sheet, but has been enlarged to twenty-four columns. It is independent, " bound to no sect, ruled by no party."
The New Bedford Times, a weekly paper, was edited and published by John Frasier from 1857 to 1861.
The following papers were short-lived : The Chris- tian Philanthropist, 1823, edited by Melcher and Rogers ; The Censor ; The Record of the Times, 1830; The Advocate, commenced in 1844, published by Henry Tilden ; The Union, 1857, by Henry Tilden ; The May- flower, 1844; The Independent Press, October, 1848; The Harpoon, edited by William Miller ; The Weekly Echo, 1849, edited by Moses Brown ; The Whaleman, published weekly from 1854, edited by William S. Anderson ; The Citizen, Dec. 1, 1860; The City Hall Advertiser, 1860-61, and The Herald.
Friends' Academy.1-Friends' Academy, now lo- cated in New Bedford, west of County Street, and between Morgan and Elm Streets, is a day school for teaching boys and girls the elements of ancient and modern languages, of mathematics, and of natural and moral sciences, with certain of their applications. Its past of seventy years has witnessed many changes in teachers, in pupils, in text-books, in methods, in pros- perity, and in the mode of realizing the purpose of its founders ; but that purpose itself has always been kept in view. The internal history of a school which has touched the lives of two thousand pupils would form an interesting contribution to pedagogies, but where obtain the data? Most adults remember as little of school life as of infant life. The world dwarfs the school by comparison in the mind of the grown-up man. He recalls, at most, some prank of himself or his fellows ; naturally, he knows his beard better than his brain, whatever their relative import- ance. Nor can the layman, to use a Germanism, see that the moral and natural sciences, that languages, even the so-called dead languages, that mathematics themselves have been transformed in the last seventy years, and that these changes have been reacting in the school. Thus it happens that from inquiries, from catalogues, from reports one gets so little that is interesting or useful.
The external history of the academy we will tabu- late at the end of this brief article, and gain room for a glimpse at literary New Bedford of 1810, the year in which the village that had owed to William Roteh and his associates the greater share of its business prosperity was to owe to him and to them its strongest impulse in the direction of thought and culture.
Abraham Shearman, Jr., at his book-store in " Four Corners," offered for sale, among other books, " Frag- ments in Prose and Verse," by Elizabeth Smith ; " Memoirs of Frederick and Margaret Klopstock ;" Barlow's "Columbiad ;" Beattie's "Elements of Moral Science ;" Stewart's " Philosophy of the Hu- man Mind ;" " Lectures on Astronomy," by Margaret Bryan ; Ewing's "Natural and Experimental Phil- osophy ;" Gregory's " Letters on Taste, Composition, and Literature ;" Accum's " Analysis of Minerals ;" Scott's " Marmion ;" Dryden's " Virgil."
Cephas Cushman " respectfully informs the public in general that he intends opening a day and evening school to teach the art of writing."
Elisha Thornton and his son, Daniel Thornton, " propose opening a school jointly on the 11th inst. (December, 1809) at the Friends' school-house in the village of New Bedford, for the instruction of the youth of both sexes, principally in the higher branches of literature, viz. : English grammar, geog- raphy, use of the globe, the several branches of the mathematics, as geometry, surveying, navigation, and astronomy."
Among the laws of New Bedford South School we find the following: " The common branches of learn- ing to be taught in said school are spelling, reading, writing, English grammar, and arithmetic, geography, with the use of the globe and making maps upon dif- ferent principles ; geometry, trigonometry, with their application to the mensuration of heights and dis- tances, navigation and surveying of land, mensura- tion of superfices and solids, gauging, dialing, book- keeping by single and double entry will be taught at different prices."
The Social School had been established near the " Head of the River" in 1798. "In this school," among other things, " the scholars shall be taught to accent and read properly both poetry and prose, be put to arithmetic and the study of English grammar as soon as the committee and preceptor shall deem them qualified therefor." The following books shall be used in the school, viz. : Webster's "Institute," " Young Ladies' Accidence," the Holy Bible. "The senior class shall be instructed one day in each weck in epistolary and other composition. The pupils shall be taught to make and mend their pens on their beginning to write joining hand." It is enjoined on the teacher " that he never strike the children on the head, nor authorize one scholar to inflict corporal punishment on another ;" and also " that he frequently address his pupils on moral and religious subjects, endeavoring to impress their minds with the sense of
1 Contributed by Mr. A. Ingraham.
7
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HISTORY OF BRISTOL COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS.
the being and providence of God, and the obligation they are under to love, serve, and pray to Him ; their duty to their parents and masters and respect to their superiors ; the beauty and excellence of truthi, justice, and mutual love; tenderness to brute creatures, and the sinfulness of tormenting them and wantonly destroying their lives."
The New Bedford Academy, between the villages of Fairhaven and Oxford, had been established in 1799. It was voted by the trustees in 1810, January 22d, that the committee be directed and are hereby authorized to make arrangements to sell the house at public sale.
In October, 1810, Cornelius Wing gives notice that he intends to open his evening school at the South school-house for the third season.
In July, 1810, the New Bedford Library Society confer with the proprietors of the Social Library on the subject of incorporating both libraries in one.
Members of the Board of Trustees of Friends' Acad- emy .- William Rotch, 1812-28; Elisha Thornton, 1812-16; Thomas Arnold, 1812-26; Samuel Elam, 1812-13 ; Samuel Rodman, 1812-35 ; William Roteh, Jr., 1812-50; William Dean, 1812-50; Abraham Shearman, Jr., 1812-23; James Arnold, 1812-68; Samuel Rodman, Jr., 1813-76; Obadiah M. Brown, 1813-22; George Howland, 1817-52; Benjamin Rod- man, 1817-76; Joseph Rotch, 1823-39 ; Charles W. Morgan, 1823-61; Francis Rotcli, 1823-74; Andrew Robeson, 1823-62; Thomas A. Greene, 1826-67; Wil- liam R. Rodman, 1830-55; Joseph Grinnell, 1836-55; Samuel W. Rodman, 1838; William R. Robeson, 1838; Benjamin S. Rotch, 1839-82; Andrew Robeson, Jr., 1839-74; William J. Rotch, 1839; William Logan Rodman, 1855-63; Lawrence Grinnell, 1855; Thomas R. Rodman, 1856; Edmund Rodman, 1856; George Hussey, Jr., 1864-72; Horatio Hathaway, 1864; Joshua C. Stone, 1866-69; Leander A. PInmmer, 1868; S. Griffiths Morgan, 1870; William Rotch, 1870; Morgan Rotch, 1880; Thomas M. Stetson, 1880; Frederic Swift, 1880; Edmund Grinnell, 1880.
Presidents of the Board .- William Rotch, 1812-28; Samuel Rodman, 1828-32; James Arnold, 1832-36; William Rotch, Jr., 1836-50; Samuel Rodman, 1850 -76; William J. Rotch, 1876.
Treasurers of the Board .- William Rotch, Jr., 1812 -50; William J. Rotch, 1850.
Secretaries of the Board .- Samuel Rodman, 1812-27 ; Samuel Rodman, Jr., 1827-37 ; Thomas A. Greene, 1837-41; Benjamin S. Rotch, 1841-46; William J. Rotch, 1846-56; William Logan Rodman, 1856-64; Edmund Rodman, 1864.
Principals .- John Maitland Brewer, 1812-17 ; Moses S. Moody, 1817-18; Thomas A. Greene, 1818-20; John H. W. Page, 1827-29; William Howe Sanford, 1829- 31; William Mosely Holland, 1831; David Mack, 1831-36; Isaac N. Stoddard, 1835-37 ; John V. Beane, 1837-45; Simon Barrow, 1845-46; Abner J. Phipps, 1847-58; Edward A. H. Allen, 1855-69; T. Prentiss
Allen, 1858-64 (male department) ; John Tetlow, 1869-78; Andrew Ingraham, 1878.
Assistants (the dates are approximate) .- Thomas A. Greene, 1817; Joseph Congdon, 1820; John F. Emerson, William Howe Sanford, Alanson Brigham, Oliver Prescott, 1829; Samuel A. Devens, Samuel Sawyer, George Washington Warren, Elizabeth Dorr, Edward Fabre, 1829; Julia Mack, Joshua Seixas, George Ticknor Curtis, William Mack, Francis B. Casas, Samuel Mack, Henry Washington Lee, Wil- liam D. Taber, P. A. Giraud, J. A. Frentin, Edward Seager, M. Moultrop, Nathan D. Gould, George W. Winchester, 1835; William Mack, Abby Osgood, Samuel Beane, Phineas Adam Beane, F. P. Wierz- biski, Erastus W. Woodbury, James H. Coggeshall, Charles Peabody, Albert G. Wicks, Simon Barrows, J. B. R. Walker, John B. Garland, William Hatha- way, J. B. Edwards, Catherine Kittredge, Mary Ann Willard, Anna W. Weston, Cyrus Bartlett, J. F. Kelly, John Bennett, Hannah B. Robinson, Minerva Chase, Mary Washburn, 1845; Luke K. Bowers, Cli- mena Wakefield, George H. Fillmore, Ivory S. Corn- ish, Lorenzo D. Blood, William T. Goodwin, Abby L. Hitchcock, 1855; Sophia Shepherd, Louisa P. Stone, Elvira Johnson, Martha Russell, Clara Kempton, Cornelia T. Hart, Annie Gordon, Edwin P. Seaver, William Gordon, D. J. Butler, John Tetlow, Jr., Caroline A. Hinckley, Emma Saul, Bessie T. Wing, Gabrilla T. Eddy, Andrew Ingraham, Cornelius Howland, Jr., Mrs. H. B. Warner, L. Papanti, M. Blanquet, Max. Eppendorf, Max. Richter, Edward C. Dubois, Frances G. Henry, A. C. Maggi, 1869; Celia L. Chase, Mary E. Savery, Lorette M. Furber, Maria S. Eaton, Louisa H. Clapp, 1875; Charles J. Gardner, Caleb A. Burbank, Edward H. Cobb, Charles Monier, Arthur Cumming, J. T. White, Mary T. Spalding, Maria Maggi, May G. Bonney, Mary S. Locke, Mary B. Seabury, Samuel Lepoids.
Chronology .- 1810. A school-house erected by Wil- liam Roteh on a lot of land which he had purchased at the corner of County and Elm Streets, in the vil- lage of New Bedford. September 17th. Preliminary meeting; William Rotch, William Rotch, Jr., Sam- uel Rodman, Samuel Elam, Thomas Arnold, James Arnold agree to contribute certain sums "for the purpose of establishing and endowing an institution for the instruction of Friends' children, and such others, as it may appear hereafter, as may usefully and safely be admitted therein, in the knowledge of the languages, of mathematics, and philosophy, and such other branches of useful literature as hereafter, upon experiment, may be found within the compass and means of the institution usefully to teach."
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