USA > Massachusetts > Plymouth County > Bridgewater > History of the early settlement of Bridgewater, in Plymouth county, Massachusetts, including an extensive Family register > Part 5
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There is also a Baptist meeting-house in the west part of the west parish. The society consists of members partly from Easton and partly from Bridgewater. It was formed about the time Dr. Reed was ordained, but not incorporated till March 9, 1804 .- Their ministers have been Mr. Robertson, Mr. Rathburn, Mr. Smith, Mr. Shurtliff, and the Rev. Bartlett Pease is now their pastor.
There is also a Congregational society in South Bridgewater,
52
IIISTORY OF TIIE
over which the Rev. Ebenezer Gay, who graduated at Harvard University 1814, is now settled, and another, over which the Rev. Mr. Raymond is pastor; and a Universalist society, in which the Rev. Lewis G. Brown sometimes officiates; and a New Jerusalem church, over which the Rev. Samuel Worcester is pastor.
There is also in North Bridgewater another Congregational society, over which the Rev. John Goldsbury, who graduated at Brown University, 1820, was pastor, but is now vacant ; and there is another, of which the Rev. John Dwight was pastor, but in which the Rev. Mr. Huntington above named is now preaching ; and a New Jerusalem church, over which the Rev. Warren Goddard is settled ; and a Methodist society, of which the Rev. Charles Hayward is pastor.
There is also a 2d Congregational society in East Bridge- water, over which the Rev. Baalis Sanford, who graduated at Brown University 1823, is pastor .- There are also some of the New Jerusalem church there, and also some Universalists, who have regular meetings but no settled ministers.
The general longevity of the early ministers of Bridgewater is worthy of notice. Four of them, namely, Mr. Perkins, Mr. J. Angier, Mr. Shaw, and Mr. Porter, who were cotemporaries, and pastors of the four principal parishes, lived to the great ages respectively of 86, 86, 83 and 87, and died in the 62d, 63d, 60th and 62d year of their ministry, and all officiated occasion- ally, and some of them regularly, till their deaths .- Dr. Reed died also in his 80th year, and Dr. Sanger in his 74th. These with Mr. Keith, who was 76, and Mr. Samuel Angier, who was 62, are the only ministers who ever died in the town.
SCHOOLS AND EDUCATION.
THE town has been remarkable for its attention to education, both public and private. Mr. Keith and Elder Brett, in the very infancy of the settlement, procured a subscription of about £12 to be paid in Indian corn, for the use of the college at Cam- bridge. Assessments were also formerly made very liberally,
53
EARLY SETTLEMENT OF BRIDGEWATER.
both in the town and the parishes, for the maintenance of com- mon schools. The interest of learning has always been cherished here, and its importance duly appreciated.
There is in the south parish an academy, established, and the trustees of it incorporated, February 28, 1799. The half town- ship of land granted by the general court as an endowment, was sold for $5,000. The building was erected by individuals who subscribed $3,000 for that purpose. It has always had the reputation of a good seminary of instruction, and is still well patronised and in a flourishing condition. The Hon. John A. Shaw is the present preceptor.
The following are the names of those who have had colle- giate education, arranged under the parishes to which they respectively belonged, with the years and colleges annexed, in which they received their degrees :--
West Parish.
ABIEL HOWARD,
1729
BEZER SNELL, 1789
EPHRAIM KEITH,
1729
CHARLES ANGIER,
1793
JOSEPHI SNELL,
1735
FRANCIS HOWARD,
1797 B
NATHANIEL SNELL,
1740
GEORGE W. PERKINS, 1801 B
RICHARD PERKINS,
1748
JOHN REED,
1803 B
Elijah Packard,
1750
Daniel Johnson,
1806 B
Simeon Howard, S. T. D.,1758
BARZILLAI HAYWARD,
1807 B
Daniel Johnson,
1767
JOHN WILLIS,
1807 B
Asa Dunbar,
1767
JOHN E. HOWARD,
1815 B
SILVANUS AMES,
1767
GEORGE COPELAND,
1815 B
SIMEON DUNBAR,
1772
CALEB REED,
1817
Bezaliel Howard, S. T. D.1781
SAMPSON REED,
1818
Jonathan Burr,
1784
ELLIS AMES,
1830 B
Jonas Hartwell,
1787 D
South Parish.
JOSIAH EDSON,
1730
Oakes Shaw,
1758
BENJAMIN WILLIS,
1740
Bezaliel Shaw,
1762
Silvanus Conant,
1740
William Shaw, S. T. D., 1762
1
54
HISTORY OF THE
Timothy Alden,
1762
SETH FOBES,
1804 B
Perez Fobes, L. L. D.,
1762
NOAH WHITMAN,
1806 B
John Shaw,
1772
CYRUS ALDEN,
1807 B
BEZA HAYWARD,
1772
Zedekiah Sanger,
1807
JONAS WHITMAN,
1772 Y Ralph Sanger,
1808
MARTIN KINSLEY,
1778
JOHN A. SHAW,
1811
Zephaniah Willis,
1778
Seth Alden,
1814 B
THOMAS PERKINS,
1779
Levi W. Leonard,
1815
JAMES ALLEN,
1785 . Zebulon L. Shaw,
1815
SETH PRATT,
1785
Theodore Edson,
1822
NATHAN HAYWARD,
1785
ZEPHANIAH A. BATES,
1824
Kilborn Whitman,
1785
BENJAMIN . WILLIS,
1825 B
JONATHAN LEONARD,
1786
Horatio Alger,
1825
BENJAMIN WHITMAN,
1788 B Daniel Leach,
1830 B
Hezekiah Hooper,
1789
Nehemiah G. Lovell,
1833 B
DAVID LEONARD,
1792 B Lorenzo O. Lovell,
1833 B
Zenas L. Leonard,
1794 B DAVID PERKINS,
1834 B
RICHARD SANGER,
1800 GILES LEACH,
-
- B
Gaius Conant,
1800 B EPHRAIM FOBES,
B
NATIIAN FOBES,
1803 B
East Parish.
John Shaw,
1729
NAHUM MITCHELL,
1789
Eliab Byram,
1740
HECTOR ORR,
1792
Samuel Angier,
1763
EZEKIEL WHITMAN,
1795 B
THOMAS GANNETT,
1763
ASA MITCHELL,
1802
Caleb Gannett,
1763
JACOB HILL,
1807 B
OAKES ANGIER,
1764
ELIAB WHITMAN,
· 1807 B
William Conant,
1770 Y Nathaniel Whitman,
1809
JAMES THOMAS,
1778
DANIEL WHITMAN,
1809 B
Levi Whitman,
1779 WILLARD PHILLIPS,
1810
Ebenezer Dawes,
1785
WELCOME YOUNG,
1814 B
BARZILLAI GANNETT,
1785
SILVANUS L. MITCHELL, 1817
Allen Pratt,
1785 Lucius Alden,
1821 B
David Gurney,
1785
Bernard Whitman,
1823*
Ebenezer Lazell,
1788 B Jason Whitman,
1825
* He with many others in the class of this year, owing to a disturbance in college, failed to take his degree.
55
EARLY SETTLEMENT OF BRIDGEWATER.
Joseph W. Cross, 1827 WILLIAM ALLEN, 1837
WILLIAMS LATHAM,
1828 B EDMUND B. WHITMAN, 1838
North Parish.
JAMES THOMPSON,
1761 N Naphtali Shaw,
1790 D
JOHN PORTER,
1770 Y DANIEL HOWARD, 1797
Huntington Porter,
1777 ISSACHAR SNELL, 1797
JONATHAN PORTER, 1777 LUCIUS CARY,
1798 B
Eliphalet Porter, S. T. D.1777
DANIEL NOYES,
1813 Y
Thomas Crafts, 1783
Jonas Perkins,
1813 B
Asa Packard,
1783
JONATHAN P. CRAFTS, 1817 B
Zechariah Howard,
1784
AUSTIN PACKARD, 1821 B
Hezekiah Packard, S. T. D., 1787
Levi Packard,
1821
LUCIUS KINGMAN,
1830 B
Joshua Cushman,
1787
Titicut.
EPHRAIM KEITH,
1762 Oliver Hayward,
1804
ADAM EDSON,
1775 Y Jonathan Keith,
1805 B
JAEL EDSON,
1784 Y CALVIN PRATT,
- B
DANIEL CRANE,
1796 B
D affixed to the year, stands for Dartmouth College-B for Brown University-Y for Yale College-N for Nassau or New Jersey College. Where no letter is affixed, Cambridge or Har- vard University is to be understood. Those in italics are clergymen.
By comparing this list with the catalogue of Harvard, it appears that one quarter of the graduates in the class of 1785, were from Bridgewater.
PONDS AND RIVERS.
THERE are but two ponds of any considerable dimensions in the town. The largest lies on the south-west part of the town, adjoining Raynham, and was anciently called by the Indians
56
HISTORY OF THIE
Nuneketest or Neapnuncket, and afterwards and now called Nippenicket. The other lies in the easterly part of the town, adjoining Halifax, and was anciently called by the Indians Satucket ; but afterwards and now called Robins' Pond, after an Indian family of that name, who came from Mattakeeset, now Pembroke, and lived on the margin of it. Several families of Indians formerly settled and owned land on the shores of this pond ; but are now nearly extinct. There is a river issuing from the pond first abovementioned, which anciently bore the same name, Nuncketest ; but after the erection of the first mill, was called Mill River, and for a long time, and perhaps ever since the incorporation of the town, has been called Town River. It first runs in a north-easterly course through the middle of the west parish, and then by a more south-easterly direction passes through the south parish. On this stream is the principal mill seat in the west, and two of the principal water privileges in the south parish. There are several tributary streams which augment this river in its course, as Cowesit and West Meadow Brook in the west, and South Brook in the south parish, and other smaller streams.
There is another river, which rises in Stoughton, south of the Blue Hills, and passes through the north parish, and is there called Salisbury River, from the circumstance of its running on the easterly side of Salisbury Plain, so called, and thence con- tinues its course into the east parish, where it unites with Beaver Brook, and is then called Matfield River, from an Indian of that name, who is said to have lived on the banks of it, and lower down it unites with Byram's Brook, anciently called Spring Brook, now called Forge Brook, and is then called John's River, from John Howard, an early settler near it, where Dea. Samuel Keen now lives. It soon unites with the Poor Meadow river, and thence passes into the south parish and there unites with the Town River. There are, in the north parish, five or six mill seats on this river and Beaver Brook, and seven in the east, including those on Beaver and Byram's Brook. This river passes the whole length of the town, and may well be called Middle River, as it is the middle one of the three princi- pal streams composing the Great River.
·
57
EARLY SETTLEMENT OF BRIDGEWATER.
Poor Meadow River, above mentioned, passes through Abing- ton and the north-west corner of Hanson, entering the east parish on the easterly side ; and, uniting with the river coming from Halifax, through Monponset Pond and Robin's Pond, is then called Satucket River, and after receiving a small increase from Black Brook unites with John's River, as before stated. Ho- bart's works in Abington, and Cushing's in Hanson, formerly called Moor's Forge, stand on the Poor Meadow stream; and the extensive works at Halifax are on the other branch of the Satucket River. Whitman's Mills in the east, now called the East Bridgewater Manufacturing Establishment, are on this river ; and just below the confluence of these three rivers, in the south parish, stand the new mills, so called, and the paper mill, owned by Hooker and Warren. The Great River, after receiv- ing the waters of the Winnetuxet from Plympton, and of the · Namasket from Middleborough, is commonly called Titicut River, but from Titicut to the sea is called Taunton Great River. There are several other small mill seats in various parts of the town, on the minor brooks and rivulets, which afford sufficient water for them in many instances during the winter and spring seasons.
Taunton River is called great only in comparison with its branches and tributaries, but is nevertheless large enough, even so high up as the south parish of Bridgewater, as to admit of ship building. Vessels of near one hundred and fifty tons were formerly built there, and carried down in time of freshets.
SOIL, AGRICULTURE, AND MANUFACTURES.
BRIDGEWATER is a very level township, having few or no great hills. The only one, which may be properly so called, is Sprague's Hill, anciently called the Great Hill, situated between the east and south parishes, and this is but small. The westerly part of the north parish, commonly called the " West Shares," is perhaps the highest land in the town.
The soil, as might well be supposed in so large an extent of territory, is various. In some parts, and particularly in those
8
58
HISTORY OF TIIE
adjoining the rivers and brooks, it is of a good quality and very productive. In other parts, as on the plains, it is suitable for tillage, being of a light mould, and produces good crops of grain with a moderate quantity of manure and little labor. Owing to the numerous water courses and large tracts of swampy grounds, the town, and particularly West Bridgewater, abounds with low meadow lands, producing a great supply of coarse hay, which formerly was held in great estimation, but since the great improve- ments in agriculture, and increased attention to the cultivation of English and other approved foreign grasses, it is considered of less value. These extensive meadows are still, however, of vast importance, and constitute one of its peculiar privileges as an agricultural town.
It has always had the reputation of a good farming town, and might therefore be supposed to be almost wholly engaged in husbandry, yet it abounds in mechanics and manufacturers. Iron manufactures of almost every description have always been largely carried on here. The making of small arms in New England, if not in the United States, commenced here. Many stand of arms were made here before the Revolution. Cannon were here cast solid and bored, at the commencement of that war, the first, perhaps, that were manufactured in this manner in the country. There were more edged tools and wrought nails formerly made here than in any other town in the State. Bar iron, anchors, cotton gins, sugar mills, shovels, edged tools, hoops, nails, tacks, and castings of every description are still made here, and some of these branches are carried on very extensively. There are here also a paper mill, cotton mills, and other manufacturing and mechanic establishments of various kinds. Chaise making has for many years been a considerable branch of business ; but at present the shoe business exceeds all others ; two thousand dollars a week being paid at one establish- ment alone to the laborers for the making only of shoes.
The Hon. Hugh Orr, himself a Scotchman, who manufactured the small arms and cannon as above stated, invited Robert Barr and Alexander Barr, brothers, from Scotland, to construct carding, spinning, and roping machines at his works in East
59
EARLY SETTLEMENT OF BRIDGEWATER.
Bridgewater. And the General Court on the 16th of November, 1786, Mr. Orr himself then being one of the Senate, by a resolve of that date allowed them two hundred pounds for their ingenu- ity, and afterwards granted them a further compensation of six tickets in the land lottery of that period. These machines remained in the possession of Mr. Orr for the inspection of all disposed to see them, and he was requested by the General Court to exhibit the same and give all explanation and informa- tion in his power respecting them. These were the first machines of the kind ever made in the country. Mr. Slater, with the late Mr. Moses Brown, of Providence, came to examine them on Mr. Slater's first arrival in the country, and before he had com- menced any establishment of the kind. The circumstances of this visit were communicated to the writer by Mr. Brown himself, who at the same time added, that these were the first machines of the kind ever made in the United States. Thomas Somers, another Scotchman, under the direction of Mr. Orr, constructed other machines for carding, roping, and spinning cotton, and on the 8th of March, 1787, the General Court placed in Mr. Orr's hands twenty pounds to encourage the artist. Mr. Orr also about the same time employed another foreigner by the name of McClure, to weave jeans and corduroys by hand with a fly shuttle, much in the same manner as it is now done by water power. It may therefore with truth be said, perhaps, that the first small arms, the first solid cannon cast and bored, the first cotton thread ever spun by modern machinery, in America, were made in Bridgewater. The first nails manufactured by machinery in the United States were made here ; probably the first nail completely cut and headed by machinery at one opera- tion in the world, was made in East Bridgewater, by the late Mr. Samuel Rogers. In laying the shingles on the present meeting house in East Bridgewater, which was erected in 1794, nails made by hand in a small machine invented by him, were principally used. The writer well recollects the circumstance, and often saw the machine in operation. It had been invented and constructed long before, and was supposed to be the first method ever discovered of making a perfect nail at one operation.
Some of the present manufactures carried on here, such as
60
HISTORY OF THIE
cotton gins and others, are probably the first ever made in New England .- Few places therefore have done more towards the introduction and promotion of the manufacturing and mechanic arts, than this ancient town of Bridgewater.
CENSUS.
1764,
West. 880
South & Titicut. 1,318
East. 959
North. 833
3,990
1790,
4,975
1800,
5,200
1810,
1,065
1,552
1,195
1,354
5,166
1820,
1,055
1,692
1,435
1,480
5,662
1830,
1,042
1,855
1,653
1,953
6,503
1837,
1,145
2,092
1,927
2,701
7,865
Families in
1764,
121
221
157
131
630
Dwelling houses
in
1764,
106
203
142
120
571
Families in 1790,
830
Houses in 1800, -
740
Families
in Titicut 1764 were
48
Houses
41
Inhabitants “
262
66
66
66
1810
66
318
All included above with the South.
The last United States land tax was in the West, $505,47; South, $552,99; East, $579,82; North, $598,52; Titicut, $150,54. Total, $2,387,34.
Emigration from the town was formerly very great, and of course the increase of population in it was small. They first went to the western part of the State, and into New Hampshire and Vermont. Afterwards principally into Maine. Emigration of late has been less frequent, and of course population has increased.
Bridgewater with Abington constitutes the 3d Regiment in the first Brigade, and 5th Division of the Massachusetts militia.
Total.
61
EARLY SETTLEMENT OF BRIDGEWATER.
MISCELLANEOUS EXTRACTS FROM EARLY RECORDS IN A CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER.
1656. June .- The town was incorporated.
November 3 .- It is agreed upon by the town that all who neglect to attend a town meeting after lawful warning shall pay Is. 6d .; and for tardiness, and not answering when their names are called, 9d .- and the same for going away before the meeting is closed.
Nathaniel Willis and Lawrence Willis bind themselves to free the town from any charge in keeping their brother Jonathan Willis.
About the holsters bought of Goodman Hill. Goodman Hayward, Sen., and Goodman Harris, having engaged for the payment of them, being 12s., the town is willing to pay it them again in their rate in the best of their pay, which they shall be amerced to pay out of their rates.
66 It is agreed that there shall be five wolf-traps made. 1660 .- It is ordered and agreed upon freely and willingly to give to Mr. Bunker, if he shall come hither to supply the place of a minister, the sum of £30, or £20 and his diet.
1661 .- It is agreed upon to build a house for a minister who shall be called to settle with them, and to give him a purchase right.
" It is agreed upon that those things that are agitated by the town for the good of the whole, shall be carried on by a major vote, and the vote be called for by the town clerk.
1663 .- Constant Southworth and William Paybody laid out to Miles Standish three hundred acres at Satucket Pond, on the north side of Winnetuxet River, and butting upon Satucket River, one hundred and sixty rods in length from Satucket River.
62
HISTORY OF THE
1664 .- The town make their agreement with Mr. Keith, student in divinity, for settling him in the ministry, and give him a purchase right and other lands, with a house built thereon, on condition that he continues with them.
1665 .- Land granted to John Ames on both sides of a brook, called Hullet's Brook, down at the end of Hullet's Plain.
1666 .- Samuel Edson, Nicholas Byram, and John Willis, ap- pointed by the court Counsellors of War with the military officers of the town.
1667 .- A jury was named by the court to be empannelled to lay out all ways requisite in the town of Bridgewater, viz :- Nicholas Byram, Samuel Edson, Thomas Hay- ward, Samuel Packard, Nathaniel Willis, Lieutenant Thomas Hayward, Jr., Arthur Harris, John Cary, Ensign John Haward, Mark Lathrop, Robert Latham, Joseph Alden, and if by Providence any of these be hindered, that then Samuel Allen and John Ames do supply.
1669 .- Arthur Harris and John Amcs chosen troopers this year. 1671 .- Comfort Willis chosen trooper for five years, to find horse and furniture, only the town to find a pair of pistols and holsters, and if they were out of kelter at any time, he to repair them ; and if he went to Yar- mouth, he was to have 20s .; if to Plymouth, 15s .; and if to Taunton, 10s .; and Israel Packard to be trooper also on the same terms.
John Hayward of the plain, and Nathaniel Willis to enquire who drink strong liquors in ordinaries.
Voted to build a new meeting-house, and granted four score pounds and no more for falling, squaring, fram- ing, enclosing, covering, flooring, glazing, and seating, and whatsoever belongs to the finishing of the same, excepting the galleries and ceiling : the dimensions to be forty by twenty-six feet, and fourteen feet studs.
63
EARLY SETTLEMENT OF BRIDGEWATER.
1672 .- At a meeting of the purchasers or proprietors, a com- mittee was appointed "to consider the manner to be adopted in future for laying out their lands. This was the first meeting held separately by the proprietors.
66 The town being met the 17th of June, and Mr. Constant Southworth, assistant, coming through the town, and having been appointed by court to choose and give oath to a jury for laying out highways convenient in the town, did accordingly perform the service, and appointed Samuel Edson, (foreman,) Lieutenant Hay- ward, Ensign Haward, Mark Lathrop, Joseph Bassett, Samuel Tompkins, John Ames, Thomas Snell, John Washburn, John Hayward, John Willis, Jr., and John Cary.
1673 .- It was voted that Mr. Keith, having been some compe- tent time with them, should have the house and lands where he lived, twelve acres, and a whole purchase right.
1674 .- The town ordered that a new book for the recording of lands should be procured, and a committee was chosen to see that the records were made and transcribed correctly, and on good evidence.
The young men were allowed to build galleries to the meeting house, and to have the front seats to themselves.
1675 .- The meeting-house and minister's house ordered to be fortified, powder and ball to be procured, and pay for soldiers provided.
It was agreed there should be two wears to catch fish ; and the parties for Satucket should be from the elder's, (William Brett's,) and so all the families along to Sa- tucket, with John Washburn, Guido Bailey, John Leonard, Samuel Leonard, and Nathaniel Hayward : and all the rest of the town for Mill River.
All the householders and male children twenty years old and upwards, now found to be sixty-four in number, shall be proprietors in the lands at Titicut, just bought of the Indians.
1
6.4
HISTORY OF THE
1675 .- The fortification about the meeting house to be made with half trees seven feet high above the ground, six rods long and four rods wide, besides the flankers ; and every quarter or squadron to do, each of them, a side or an end; and they that do the ends must make each of them a door, and each of them a flanker; to be done by the 6th of November.
Provision made for soldiers that should be pressed into the service, and such necessaries procured and money raised as they might need.
1676 .- A vote was called to see what should be done with the money that was made of the Indians, that were sold last, and it was voted, that the soldiers that took them should have it.
66 Elder Brett, Deacon Willis, and Mr. Samuel Edson were appointed to distribute the contributions made by divers christians in Ireland for the distresses of the Indian wars.
Deacon Willis and John Cary were chosen to take in the charges of the late war since June last, and the expenses of the scouts that were sent out before and since June.
1678 .- Mr. Keith being sick, Elder Brett was chosen to assist him in carrying on the work of the ministry between this and May next.
1683 .- The purchasers agreed that the old field to the north- ward of the highway, by Goodman Bailey's, be reserved for a training-field.
1685 .- The Selectmen to take bond of Joseph Washburn for the maintenance of his uncle, Philip Washburn.
1686 .- It was agreed by the town and purchasers that the four rods to lay out lands by, should be thirteen inches over by the box rule.
It was agreed that the layers out of lands, when they leave lands for highways, shall leave four rods, or one line, in breadth for allowance for highways; and the
65
EARLY SETTLEMENT OF BRIDGEWATER.
highways through such lands where allowance is so made, shall not be less than forty feet.
1686 .- Ten acres of wood land to be laid out to each purchaser nearest to their habitations, as the land will afford it to be laid out, viz :-
Lots on the south side of Town River, below Goodman Alden's, namely, to William Snow, Samuel Edson, Edward Fobes, John Ames, Elihu Brett, Samuel Ed- son, Jr., Josiah Edson, Matthew Gannett, (of Scituate,) Solomon Leonard, Giles Leach, Benjamin Willis.
North side of the Town River, viz :- Jolin Willis, Nathaniel Hayward, John Willis, Jr., Captain Wads- worth, (Samuel, of Duxbury,) Lieutenant (Thomas) Hayward, Joseph Bassett, William Bassett, Joseph Alden, John Robbins, Goodman, (William) Orcutt, Joseph Wadsworth, (of Duxbury,) Thomas Washburn.
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