USA > Massachusetts > Norfolk County > Canton > History of the town of Canton, Norfolk County, Massachusetts > Part 41
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TOPOGRAPHY.
Plum Pudding Brook is mentioned as early as 1720; it lies north of the old Packeen road, crossing the old way that went to the ford. A diary as late as 1846 mentions Plum- Pudding ineadow.
Shaven Brook is mentioned in deeds, in the vicinity of York.
It has been estimated that the number of acres covered by water in Canton is three hundred and eighty-six.
Ponkapoag Pond, the largest in Canton, is situated in the northeasterly part of the town. The dividing line between this town and Randolph passes through it. It is situated 15. 0. 41. miles from Boston, and about a mile southeast from Blue Hill. It is more than a mile long and nearly a mile wide, and contains two hundred and seventeen acres. Hew- ins, in his survey of 1794, says it contains over two hundred and twenty-eight acres in Canton alone. Its altitude is 147.77 feet above high-water mark.
In 1834 it was examined by that celebrated engineer, Loammi Baldwin, to see if it were capable of furnishing the city of Boston with water. But it was found that the ground was too low for an aqueduct, and it was subsequently ascer- tained that the discharge was inadequate. The city of Rox- bury also at one time had in consideration the taking of water from Ponkapoag Pond.
York Pond, the source of York Brook, and the artificial feeder of a portion of Beaver Brook, is situated in the south- easterly part of Canton, the dividing line between Canton and Stoughton passing through it. It is not a large pond, -less than thirty acres, -but is famous for the pictu- resque beauty of its scenery. The road to it is rough, but one who visits it is well repaid for his labor. The shores are lined with trees, and broken only by abrupt rocky cliffs. From those at the northerly end a fine view of Monk's meadow, surrounded on all sides by wooded hills, presents itself. Though the pond is very deep, it is on such high land that its drainage area is limited. It takes its name from that part of the town called York, which has been so desig- nated since the days of the first settlers.
3I
482
HISTORY OF CANTON.
Muddy Pond is situated northwest of York Pond, and south- east of Reservoir Pond, and lies a few rods west of Turnpike Street. It was formerly much larger than at present. The Indians called it Pishagquapog. It is a favorite resort for sportsmen at certain times of the year.
Reservoir Pond is situated in the geographical centre of the town, and is a modern pond, having been raised to its present size, about three hundred acres, by a dam erected in 1827. In 1832 the land was sold to the Neponset Wool- len Company for $314, and subsequently became the prop- erty of the Revere Copper Company. A dam was erected before 1720. To build this, several of the inhabitants affirmed that they had been at great trouble and charge to flow their swamp lying on Pequit Brook, and were much provoked when the town, in 1722, used their dam for a roadway. This dam was usually known as Hartwell's dam, from Samuel Hartwell, who resided on the southerly border of Pequit Brook, on the site now occupied by Mr. Pitcher. The meadows known as "Crossman's" meadows, because Dr. George Crossman at one time lived near them, were flowed by the Neponset Woollen Company in order to form a reser- voir in case of a scarcity of water, and the water can be retained or allowed to flow at option. Bolivar and Forge ponds are both artificial ponds, as are also the small ponds at the Revere and Stone Factory works.
483
CELEBRATIONS IN CANTON.
CHAPTER XXXIII.
FOURTH OF JULY AND OTHER CELEBRATIONS IN CANTON.
D URING the closing years of the last century, the coun- try was divided politically into two great parties, called respectively the Republican, or Anti-Federalist, and Federal parties. A great deal of bad feeling existed between them. In small towns, the excitement was so great, and the animos- ity so intense, that neighbors were at variance with neighbors, and members of the same family, belonging to opposite political parties, would hold no intercourse one with another. On some public occasions the opposing parties would re- vile each other in vigorous language. Such an occasion occurred in Canton in 1798. The leaders of the Federal party determined to celebrate Independence Day in a man- ner agreeable to themselves. Great preparation was made for the event, and the meeting-house was selected for the place of the celebration. It was decided to invite Dr. Moses Baker, the successor of Dr. George Crossman, to deliver the oration. Dr. Baker was a gentleman of the old school. He had received a good education, and taught the winter's school at Ponkapoag. He was an easy and fluent speaker, and that portion of his address which was heard is said by those pres- ent to have been well delivered and impressive. One fea- ture of the occasion was to be the appearance of the "Light Horse," - a squadron of cavalry belonging to the Second Brigade, First Division, under command of Capt. Elijah Crane. Every arrangement was made by the Federalists to render the occasion a success.
The Republicans were highly indignant that they should have been ignored. They were incensed that the Federalists
484
HISTORY OF CANTON.
should assume that they had the right to monopolize all the glory supposed to be connected with the Fourth of July. Again, they were displeased that the British party, as it was called, should have the exclusive use of the meeting-house. They decided to put in an appearance, and to feel, for a time at least, that they were as important as Squire Dunbar, Priest Howard, or Dr. Baker. A few active spirits went about to stir up matters, and it was decided that the Republicans who chose to attend the celebration should meet at Ponka- poag on the morning of the Fourth of July, and proceed in what order they might to the church. This programme was carried out. The sun rose bright and clear on the morning of this eventful day. "The boys" were all on hand early. John Wentworth, of Ponkapoag, who was in full sympathy with the movement, had a number of men in his employ engaged in the manufacture of hats; they all turned out. All the employees of the tannery put in an appearance, and from farm and workshop, far and near, assembled at Ponka- poag. They had come prepared for sport. One brought a string of old-fashioned sleigh-bells, done up in paper; around the waist of another was concealed an ox-chain; from the pocket of another protruded a fish-horn; and all carried innocent-looking walking-canes. When a sufficient number had assembled, and all was in readiness, the procession started up the old road toward the meeting-house. As they crossed Potash meadow, they stood a moment under the wooden pipes that, crossing the road far above their heads, conducted the water to the old house, at the door of which stood Mrs. Samuel Canterbury (formerly Molly Billings), waving her handkerchief in token of her cordial sympathy. Adam Blackman stood in front of his new house, which he had recently made from the timbers of the old English church. Leaning on a post, with a sly twinkle in his eye, on the opposite side of the way, at the door of the Eagle Inn, stood the landlord, Capt. William Bent. His hands were thrust deep into his pockets, and although his house had been the resort of the Federalists, and many a good glass of gin had been drunk therein by them, he could not forbear
CELEBRATIONS IN CANTON. 485
to smile; and his look seemed to indicate that had he been younger and leaner, he would have joined the procession. When the party, increasing snowball-like as it proceeded, reached the blacksmith's shop, Samuel Blackman was seen at work at his forge. He dropped the horseshoe he held in his hand, and came out and joined the party, with his heavy leathern apron hanging on his shoulders. On they went, over the hill in front of Kenney's, through the hollow, up the hill on the other side, by the little red schoolhouse, by the old oak-tree, to the church green. When they arrived at the meeting-house, they found many companions and sympathizers from the south part of the town. It was agreed that as many as could should occupy the south gallery, and with that as their objective point, the heroes entered the church.
The centre of the house had been reserved for the militia company, under the command of Capt. Elijah Crane. There they sat in their gorgeous uniforms, the observed of all ob- servers. . As angry words had been uttered by some of the Republicans as to the sacrilege attending the use of the pulpit for a secular, or worse, a Federal purpose, it was deemed prudent, in deference to any legitimate scruples which the Republicans might have, to place boards on the top of the deacons' seats, directly under the pulpit, for the use of the orator. The church was well filled. Many who were not sympathizers with either party were present to hear the oration and see the soldiers. Several invited guests, among whom were the clergymen of the neighboring towns, were seated in places of honor; and many ladies graced the occasion.
The exercises began with an invocation by Rev. Zachariah Howard, the pastor of the church; a hymn was sung, and the orator ascended the platformn. Hitherto silence had pre- vailed; and the first words of Dr. Baker fell distinctly upon his hearers. A moment afterward there seemed to be some uneasiness in the south gallery; then came a crash, and everybody turned around. All eyes were fixed upon the form of Jason French, who was seen standing on the back
1
486
HISTORY OF CANTON.
seat of the gallery. Thence he jumped upon the next lower seat, and so on until he reached the edge of the gallery, when he deliberately turned around and jumped back again. Then Sam Blackman took hold of the lower ends of his stiff apron and began to flap it; David Kenney, called "Skipper," who had been a prominent man in his early days, but in years after became intemperate, stood in the entry below the gallery, and " whacked " the door with a rattan cane so vigor- ously that the scars exist to this day. Some of the malcon- tents kept up a " rat-tat-too " on the backs of the pews; and occasionally the blowing of a fish-horn was heard, commin- gling with the jingle of sleigh-bells, while Luther Crane, com- monly called "Toot" Crane, rattled his ox-chain with vehemence; in fact, all -
" tried by many a freak or Insulting noise to stop the speaker, Swung the unoil'd hinge of each pew-door, Their feet kept shuffling on the floor, Made their disapprobation known, By many a murmur, hum, and groan."
Captain Crane went into the singers' seats with some of his officers, and mounted a table which was there for the use of the choir. Priest Howard arose and asked him if he could not put an end to such noise and disorder. Captain Crane replied : "I know who they are. We have engaged this church, and have a right to be here; and unless these proceedings cease, and the audience behave themselves in a proper manner, I declare that they are guilty of a riot, and shall read the Riot Act." Thereupon, his nephew, Thomas Crane, jumped up and exclaimed, " Uncle 'Lijah, we don't want no Federal 'rations here." By this time the patriotic ardor of Hatter John Wentworth became aroused. He began a tour of the galleries, marching, with a firm tread, round and round, singing as he went a tune composed by William Billings, and familiar to every schoolboy in New England, which had done much to inspire the spirit of inde- pendence before and during the Revolutionary War. It was " Old Chester," and began thus : -
487
CELEBRATIONS IN CANTON.
" Let tyrants shake their iron rod, And slavery clank her galling chains, We'll fear them not, we 'll trust in God; New England's God forever reigns. The foe comes on with haughty stride ; Our troops advance with martial noise ;
Their veterans flee before our arms And generals yield to beardless boys."
The desired end was accomplished. Neither the appeals of Priest Howard, nor the threats of Captain Crane, could control the assembly. The meeting was demoralized; the Republicans were elated at their victory, and went home triumphant and happy.
But the end was not yet. At the next court at Dedham, the ringleaders were summoned to appear, and convicted of creating a disturbance. The culprits defended themselves by such excuses as they could conjure up. The judge was not disposed to deal harshly with them. He remarked that some disturbance must be expected on the Fourth of July, and added, " Now you may go home; but don't sing quite so loud next time."
Very soon after this famous Fourth of July demonstra- tion, the celebrated Alphabet Song appeared, posted on large trees in conspicuous places about the town. It was a parody on the old song, "A was an Archer," or a song popular in Boston at the beginning of hostilities in 1775. It was sung to the tune of the " Black Joke." Its origin is wrapped in mystery. The author, if it was the emanation of a single brain, is unknown. Nearly every line had some cutting and unjust reflection upon prominent Federalists, or some allusion to a past escapade. The events of the Fourth of July celebration were frequently referred to. After its appearance, it was added to and changed to suit a variety of tastes, which accounts for the various readings of the song.
We give in the text the reading best authenticated : -
I. A stands for Adams and Administration.
2. B stands for Baker, who gave the oration.
3. C stands for Capen, for Crane, and Cockade.
4. D stands for Dunbar, that old Tory blade.
488
HISTORY OF CANTON.
5. E stands for Eagle, the sign of the Inn.
6. F stands for Federal, who went to drink gin.
7. G stands for Goodness professed by a gown.
8. H stands for Howard, the priest of the town.
9. I stands for Independence, America's boast. 10. J stands for Justice, which made county cost.
11. K stands for Kinsley, for Kite as it flies.
12. L'stands for Leonard, so famous for lies.
13. M stands for Moses, whose head it was bare.
14. N stands for Nothing, to which it is heir.
15. O stands for Orator, who the pulpit did want.
16. P stands for Pigsty, in which he did grunt.
17. Q stands for Quack, for Quail, and for Quiet.
18. R stands for Rascal, who called it a riot.
19. S stands for Squire, for Shot, and for Shovel.
20. T stands for Treasurer, that caused the town trouble.
21. U stands for Union, to which we all look.
22. V stands for Villain, who burned the town's book.
23. W stands for Whip and a Watch that was lost.
24. X was the mark with which it was crossed.
25. Y Z A ampersand shows.
26. The Alphabet now has come to its close.
NOTES.
2. Dr. Moses Baker. Sometimes "Booby" is written in place of " Baker." In place of "gave " or " delivered," "read" is some- times found.
3. Samuel Capen, Capt. Elijah Crane. "Cockade " refers to the custom then existing among the members of different political parties to wear cockades. The Federalists were distinguished by a black cockade, and the Republicans by the tricolor.
4. Hon. Elijah Dunbar was accused of being a Tory from the fact that at the time of the breaking out of the Revolutionary War, he was somewhat undecided as to which side to take. Another reason was that when drafted, in 1782, he paid 660, and sent a substitute instead of going himself. The slur contained in this line arose from the excited political state of the country, and did gross injustice to Squire Dunbar. During the whole time of the war, no man was more active than he, and by the suffrages of his townspeople, he received many offices of honor and public trust.
489
CELEBRATIONS IN CANTON.
5. The old inn had suspended before it the sign of an eagle. It was kept at this time by Capt. William Bent, and was situated on the rise of the hill a little south of Aunt Katy's Brook. A portion of it still remains. About the year 1800, the sign of the eagle was taken down, and the picture of a horse substituted.
There are different versions of these lines : -
" E stands for Eagle of American fame. F stands for French, the young adjutant's name."
or, - " E stands for Eagle, that hangs at the Inn. F stands for Fresh Fish, the first mess that comes in."
This line refers to Capt. William Bent, whose love for fresh fish was notorious. He had a peculiar delight in smelts ..
" E stands for Ensign ; for Evil the same. F stands for French, the young adjutant's name.
E stands for Eagle, that courses so high,
F stands for Freedom, where we do now lie."
Samuel French was adjutant of the regiment at this time ; he was a brother of Hon. Thomas French.
7. This may have been intended as a slur upon the Rev. Zachariah Howard.
" G is for Goodness, for Grace, and for Gown."
"Grace," alluding to the fact that Mr. Howard asked the blessing on the occasion. In those days all clergymen wore gowns.
8. Rev. Zachariah Howard.
10. This probably refers to the trial at Dedham, where, as no fine was imposed upon the disturbers of the meeting, the costs had to be paid by the county.
II. Adam Kinsley. This line is sometimes recited, - " K stands for Kinsley; for Knave likewise."
12. The writer has heard three different persons alluded to. It may be well that posterity should remain in doubt as to who is meant.
13. Moses Baker was bald-headed.
15. He wanted, or his friends desired that he should use the pulpit, but the Republicans so strenuously objected that it was not permitted. Boards were placed across the deacons' seats to form a platform.
490
HISTORY OF CANTON.
16. The platform was said to resemble a pigsty, supposed by some people to have a still further allusion.
17. " Quack " refers to Dr. Baker.
" Q is for Quarrel, for Quack, and for Quiet."
Sometimes " Quaker " is found, referring to Jonathan Leonard, commonly called " Quaker " Leonard, a member of the firm of Leonard and Kinsley, iron founders.
18. Captain Crane in his speech called it a riot.
19. Sometimes the words "shop" and "scoundrel " are used. " Squire " refers to Elijah Dunbar, commonly called Squire Dunbar.
20. This was Samuel Capen. His opponent had been elected treasurer by a majority of votes at the parish meeting. He revenged himself by arranging his accounts in such a manner that neither his successor nor any other person could unravel them.
22. This line refers to the same person and transaction. He was accused by his political opponents of burning his account-books. That he lost his book of entry, and that it was stolen, is fully set forth in the records of the parish, which caused much annoyance ; and reference was made to the memorandum-book of Elijalı Dunbar, to restore the history of the transactions. When the new book was purchased, it was inscribed on the titlepage : "An entry book belonging to the First Parish in Stoughton, which serves in lieu of the preceding entry book, which was either lost or destroyed while in the hands of Samuel Capen, late Parish Treasurer."
23. It was asserted that in the settlement of the estate of Judge Withington, of which Squire Dunbar was administrator, a valuable whip and a watch marked with an X were missing.
Whether the result of this celebration was to dampen the ardor of patriotic citizens so that no celebration was held until 1826, I am not informed, but great preparations were made to celebrate the semi-centennial of independence. The day was ushered in by a salute of thirteen guns from the hill in the rear of the Ponkapoag Hotel, which salute was repeated at noon. Thomas French was president of the day. The committee of arrangements consisted of William Dun- bar, Esq., Capt. William McKendry, Thomas Crane, Capt. William Shaller, and others. The dinner was served at the Ponkapoag Hotel at two, o'clock, after which a procession
491
CELEBRATIONS IN CANTON.
was formed by Capt. William McKendry as chief marshal. A detachment of the Walpole artillery, with its fieldpiece, covered by the Crane Guards as escort, was followed by the various committees, the selectmen, and troops of boys and girls. Arriving at the summit of Blue Hill, the dignitaries ascended to the upper deck of the observatory, the band taking possession of the third platform, and, after the play- ing of a national air, Mr. William Dunbar delivered the oration, from which the following is an extract : -
" On this mountain our fathers raised their signal-fire in the time of war ; and here also they lit the fire of triumph, thanksgiving, and praise, in commemoration of the great victories which were gained over our enemies, and on annunciation of the great and principal events recorded in our history.
"On the repeal of the Stamp Act- the first great effort of our fathers to resist tyranny and preserve their rights - a barrel of tar was burned on this spot in commemoration of that great event. During our Revolutionary struggle this mountain was illuminated on the surrender of Burgoyne and Cornwallis ; and here also, on receiving the news of the Declaration of Independence, did our fathers raise their monu- mental fire, with the determination to live free or die.
" The three trusty sentinels who were placed here, with their kettle of tar, their matches and spy-glasses, during the first part of our Revo- lution, while the British troops remained in Boston, will never be for- gotten. Their names still live in the recollection of our aged patriots, and shall be handed down to the latest posterity.
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