USA > Massachusetts > Worcester County > Gardner > History of the town of Gardner, Worcester County, Mass., from the incorporation, June 27, 1785, to the present time > Part 36
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NAME.
AGE.
DATE OF MUSTERING IN.
REG'T.
Co.
DATE OF DIS- CHARGE.
REASON OF DISCHARGE.
Eaton, Simeon
24
May 25, 1861
2
B
Mar. 4, 1863
Disability.
Eaton, Charles
22
May 12, 1861
25
A
Oct. 20, 1864
Time out.
Eaton, Amos H.
18
Oct. 17, 1862
53
G
Sept. 2, 1863
Time ont.
Foster, Addison
21
July 25, 1862
36
D
Died Dec. 25, 1862, Falmouth, Va.
*Flood, Thomas
18
May 10, 1864
Vet. R. C.
*Fitzmorris, Barney
27
Jan. 18, 1865
25
B
July 13, 1865
Time out.
*Foley, John
24
May
9,1864
25
B
July 13, 1865
"Ford, William H.
23
May
9, 1864
25
B
July 13, 1865
*Frost, James
29
Aug. 18, 1863
9
E
Folger, Allen
35
Oct. 17, 1862
53
G
Sept. 2, 1863
Franklin, George
44
Oct. 17, 1862
53
Sept. 2, 1863
Franklin, Hugh
40
Oct. 17, 1862
53
Sept. 2, 1863
Expiration of service.
Foskett, Willard
32
Oct.
8, 1861
28
Band.
Ang. 17, 1862
*Gray, Loring
36
Jan. 8, 1864
3d Cav.
Sept. 28, 1865
*Ganaway, Benj.
24
July 19, 1864
2d| Il. A.
Greenwood, Marston D., Corp.
26
Aug. 7, 1862
36
11
May 18, 1863
Goodspeed, Thomas, Mus.
21
Ang. 9, 1862
36
LI
June 1, 1863
Order of War Department.
Gilbert, Charles
32
Aug. 7, 1862
36
H
Died July 10, 1864.
Gilson, Peter, wagoner.
40
Sept. 25, 1861
4
L
Sept. 24, 1864
Time out. Deserted March 1, 1864.
*Guy, Joseph
29
Jan. 29, 1864
5
C
Galoon, Barney
35
Oct. 17, 1862
53
G
Deserted Dec. 16, 62, New York City.
Gates, Francis
26
Oct. 21, 1861
25
F Jan. 18, 1864
To re-enlist.
Gates, Francis
28
Jan. 19, 1864
25
F
July 13, 1865
Expiration of time.
Gates, Hiram
19
Sept. 28, 1861
25
F Jan. 18, 1864
To re-enlist.
HISTORY OF GARDNER.
Deserted April 16, 1864.
Expiration of service.
Expiration of service.
G
G
Order of War Department. Time out.
Transferred 100 Penn. Vol. Disability.
Gates, Iliram Glazier, Frank B. Green. Charles H. Greenwood, Gilbert II., Corp.
21 19
¡ Jan. 19, 1864 25
Killed May 9, 1864, Petersburg, Va.
C June 18, 1863 Expiration of time. Sept., - 1863 Expiration of time. Died of wounds May 10, 1863, Wash'u, D. C.
*Gammon. William
27
28
2d Cav.
Hladley, Henry, Corp.
26
Aug. 9, 1862
36
11
Mar. 4, 1863
Hobby, John D., Corp.
18
Ang. 9, 1862
36
HI June 8, 1865
Time out
Howard, William, Corp.
26
Aug. 9, 1862
36
II
June 8, 1865
Time out.
Heywood, Joseph F.
21
Ang. 9, 1862
36
=
June 8, 1865
Time out.
Hodgman, Eugene W.
18
Ang. 9, 1862
36
=
Aug. 18, 1864
Washington, D. C.
Holden. Jason C.
19
July 15, 1862
36
June 8, 1865
Time out.
*Herlihy, Maurice
36
May 10, 1864
Vet. R. C.
Hill, Charles C.
35
Jan.
4, 1864
Ith Bat L. A.
Jan. 14, 1864
*Ilarvey, James
23
Jan. 12, 1864
56
F
*Hardy, C. A. S.
59
May 9, 1864
Vet. R. C.
#Ilarvy, Joseph
27
May 9, 1864
Vet. R. C. 4th Art.
Harris, Eben
30
Oct. 17, 1862
53
G
Sept. 2, 1863
Expiration of service.
Harrington, Lansford
32
Oct. 17, 1862
53
G
Sept. 2, 1863
Expiration of service.
Hogan, John
28
Oct. 17, 1862
53
G
Sept. 2, 1863
Expiration of service.
Howe, Rufus
37
Oct. 17, 1862
53
G
Sept. 2, 1863
Expiration of service.
*Hale, Russell
19
July 2, 1864
2d L. A.
Ang. 11, 1865
Expiration of service. Disability.
Holden, Theodore A.
25
July 19, 1861
21
G
Jan. 31, 1863
Hodgman, Willard
18
Oct.
4, 1861
27
B
Oct. 17, 1862
Disability.
Hinds, James B.
18
May 25, 1861
2
22
F
May 28, 1864
Ilill, William B., Sergt.
14
Ang. 23, 1861
21
A
Hill, William B., 2d Lieut.
45
July 22, 1862
21
A
To enlist in U. S. Army. Expiration of service. 2d Lieut. Sept. 22. 1862. Killed Sept. 1, 1862, Chantilly, Va.
429
HISTORY OF GARDNER.
Rejected recruit. Deserted Jan. 25, 1864.
Regular Army.
* Hefferman, James
28
July 30, 1864
44
Na vy. D
13 19 unassig ned
28
Feb. 16, 1864
Disability. Rejected. Disability.
Hogan, John Iluger, Felix
20 22 26
Sept. 12, 1862 Sept. 12, 1862 July 16, 1861 Apr. 9, 1864 Aug. 10, 1863 .July 25, 1864
Apr. 3, 1863
Heywood, Theodore A.
19
May 25, 1861
430
GARDNER IN THE WAR FOR THIE UNION-Continued.
NAME.
AGE.
DATE OF MUSTERING IN.
REG'T.
Co.
DATE OF DIS- CHARGE.
REASON OF DISCHARGE.
Howe, Henry M., Mus.
27
Ang. 23, 1861
21
Ang. 11, 1862
Order of War Department. Expiration of service.
Howe, Henry M., Sergt.
28
Oct. 17, 1862
53
G
Sept. 2, 1863
Hogan, James B., Corp.
26
Oct. 17, 1862
53
G
Died May 20, 1863, Brashear City, La.
Jewett, Charles
18
July 25, 1862
36
D
Dec. 25, 1863
Disability.
Jacobs, Herbert L. P.
19
Aug. 11, 1862
36
H
June 8, 1865
Time out.
Joslyn, Otis M.
30
Oct. 17, 1862
53
G
Sept. 2, 1863
Time out.
Jackson, George F.
19
Oct. 4, 1861
27
B
Oct. 5, 1864
Time out.
*Jones, John
24
Ang. 19, 1863
unassigned.
*Jones, Thomas
21
Ang. 12, 1863
11
D
Kelton, Charles O.
18
Aug. 11, 1862
36
1I
Time out.
#Kelley, Patrick
22
May
9, 1864
Vet. R. C.
*Keefe, Martin
31
Ang. 1, 1864
4th Art.
* Kenney. John
35
Aug. 4, 1864
4th Art.
Kendall, Webster A.
20
Ang. 25, 1861
2
F
*Keough, John
24
May 3, 1864
11
H
* Kane, James
23
Ang. 12, 1863
unassigned.
*Lowell, John Z.
26
May 10, 1864
Vet. R. C.
Lathrop, James E.
18
Oet. 17, 1862
53
G
Leland, Joseph W.
35
Oct. 17, 1862
53
G
Lynch, James
32
Oct.
17, 1862
53
G
Sept. 2, 1862
Time out.
Laws, Samuel N., Mus.
44
July 19, 1861
21
Aug. 30, 1864
Principal musician. Died Aug. 14, 1863, at sea.
Manning, Martin
36
Oet. 17, 1862
53
G
Mason, Joseph V.
18
Oct. 17, 1862
53
G
Sept. 2, 1863
Time out.
MeDonald, Hugh
35
Oct. 17, 1862
53
G
Sept. 2, 1863
Time out.
HISTORY OF GARDNER.
Regular Army.
Time out.
To re-enlist.
Dee. 30, 1863 June 19, 1865
Time out.
Time out. Died Mar. 31, 1863, Baton Rouge, La.
Sept. 2, 1862
Time out.
July 14, 1865 June 8, 1865
Time out.
Murray, Michael Merriam, Wilder, Mus. Merriam, Aaron W., Mus. * Murray, George * Morris, Robert McFarland, Dan. W. *McCarty, Edward * McCann, John
24 | Sept. 13, 1861 22
23 28
Feb. 20, 1864 Oct 8, 1861
28 28
Band. E May 23, 1865
Ang. 17, 1862 Order of War Department. Order of War Department. Died.
Sept. 11, 1862
Disability.
July 1, 1863 Transferred to V. R. C.
* MeKenny, John
38
May 10, 1864
* Miller, Jacob M ..
24 May 9,1864
*Miller, Theodore C.
35 May 9,1864
McNamara, Patrick 22 Oct. 24, 1861
* Murray, Oscar * McLean, Patrick
32
June 16, 1863
4th Art.
Regular Army. Regular Army.
* McNulity, Michael *Moore, Johu D.
22
Feb. 18, 1863
Regular Army.
*Morgan, W. HI.
27
Jan. 29, 1864
* Moses, John
22
May 6, 1864
Newton, Sewell D.
24
Aug. 9, 1861
5 un assig'd. 1st Cav.
Oct. 3, 1864
Time out.
Nichols, George
21 Aug. 8, 1862
36 H June 8, 1865
Time out.
*Narcese, Wm., Jr.
20
Jan. 9, 1864
Oct. 31, 1865
Time out.
Osgood, Ezra
43
Aug. 8, 1864
Vet. R. C.
*()'Brien, Jeremiah
34
Dec. 28, 1864
24
C
Deserted Dec. 28, 1865.
*O'llern, Patrick
18
May 10, 1864
24
C
Piper, James S.
27
Oct. 17, 1862
53
G
Sept. 2, 1863
Time out.
*Page, Josiah, Jr.
35 Jan. 4, 1864
23
A
June 25, 1865
Time out.
Parker, Thomas S.
23
May 25, 1861
2
F
May 28, 1864
Time out.
Powers, Lorenzo .J.
18
May 25, 1861
2
F
Jan. 22, 1864
Disability.
431
HISTORY OF GARDNER.
Killed June 27, 1862. Gaines Mills, Va. G C July 17, 1865 Time out.
21 Aug. 10, 1863
20 Ang. 10, 1863
27 Oct. 10, 1861
19
25
Aug. 6, 1862 36 K Ang. 5, 1864 Vet. R. C. Vet R. C.
Vet. R. C. Vet. R. C. 25 C C 25
Died May 1, 1861, Hampton, Va.
19 Oct. 24, 1861
21 Sept. 13, 1862
4th Art.
4th Art. C 5 5th Cav C
Mar. 8, 1865
Time out.
Newton, Charles H.
19 Sept. 25, 1861
5th Cav. 53 G Sept. 2, 1863
34 Oct. 17, 1862
Time out.
*O'Brien, Owen
Deserted Feb. 25, 1864.
Deserted Dec. 31, 1864.
28 1st Cav.
432
GARDNER IN THE WAR FOR THE UNION-Continued.
NAME.
AGE.
DATE OF MUSTERING IN.
REG'T. Co.
DATE OF DIS- CHARGE.
REASON OF DISCHARGE.
*Patch, Josiah, Jr.
34
Apr. 30, 1864
19
I
.July 2, 1865 Sept. - 1863
Disability. Time out.
Paine, Charles F.
20
Sept. 12, 1862
Na vy.
*Parker, John
28
Aug. 4, 1863
28
E
Putnam, William
24
May 25, 1861
1 Band.
July 27, 1862
Order of War Department. Time out.
Putnam, William
25
July, - 1862
Band.
June, - 1865
Priest, Willard
32
Ang. 20, 1864
4th II. A.
June 17, 1865
Time out.
Perley, Lewis S.
18
Aug. 8, 1862
36
D
May 18, 1865
Order of War Department. 1st Lieut .. Oct. 11, 1864
Perley, George A., 1st Sergt.
31
Aug. 8, 1862
36
11
Perley, Alonzo L.
21
Aug.
8, 1862
36
II
Died Aug. 19, 1863, Mound City, Ill.
Pratt, William H.
36
Aug. 7, 1862
36
=
Parish George F.
43
July 25, 1862
36
11
*Pabast, Adam
38
July 22, 1864
Vet. R. C.
*Peck, Thomas G.
28
May 9, 1864
Vet. R. C.
* Perry, Ira
26
May 9, 1864
Vet. R. C. 4th Art.
*Pickens, Samuel
26
Nov. 24, 1862
Vet. R. C
*Quinton, Patrick
34
May 10, 1864
Vet. R. C.
Regan, Daniel
34
May 3, 1864
3
R. C.
May 13, 1864
Regan, JJohn HI.
42
Oct. 17. 1862
53
G
Rugg, Daniel B.
29
Oct. 17, 1862
53
Remington, Orlando P., Corp.
21
July 19, 1861
21
G
July 1, 1862
Robbins. George F.
18
July 19, 1861
21
G
Regau, Michael
21
Sept. 13, 1861
22
G
Time out.
Richardson, Fred W
21
Sept. 12, 1862
C
Oct. 17, 1864 June 18, 1863
Time out.
HISTORY OF GARDNER.
Regular Army. Regular Army. Regular Army.
* Patterson, Henry
24
Sept. 15. 1863
Died Oet. 6, 1863, Crab Orchard, Ky. Hos pital Steward, July 5, 1863.
Sept 2, 1863 Died Mar.
Rejected. Time out. 29, 1863, Baton Rouge, La. Disability.
Killed Sept. 1, 1862, Chantilly, Va.
Deserted Dec. 14, 1864.
-
*Rand, Nahum A., Corp. #Rock, Charles Ray, Dewit C. Ray, Edson N.
21 21
Apr. 29, 1864 28
C
June 30, 1865
Time out.
unas signed.
18 Aug. 23, 1861 21
18 July 19, 1861
21 1 st
A A
Killed July 20, 1864, near Petersburg, Va. Feb. 5, 1863 Disability. Died Oct. 2. 1864, Beverly, N. J.
55 Reagan, Michael Read, Chas. F., Sergt.
26
Sept 30, 1861 Aug. 7, 1862
36
II June 8, 1865 Time out.
Reed, Luther P.
26
Ang. 7, 1862
36
. =
Killed May 6. 1864, Wilderness, Va.
Remington, Diah ().
34
Aug. 7. 1862
36
11 June 8, 1865 Time out.
Rugg, Win. B
10
Aug. 7, 1862
36
H
Apr. 26, 1863 Disability.
*Robinson, James A.
21
May 9. 1864
33
May
10, 1864
Ross, Charles H.
18
Dec. 30, 1864
1.st Bat. Frontier Cav. Co. B June 30, 1865. Time out.
Symonds, John
27
Oct
17, 1862
53
G
Sept. 2, 1863
Time out.
Stoddard, Roval B.
35
Oct. 17, 1862
53
G
Sept. 2, 1863
Time out.
Sweet. George W. 28 Oct. 17, 1862
53
G
Sept. 2, 1863
Time out.
Stone, Ai B.
18
Oct. 17, 1862
53
G
Died June 1. 1863, New Orleans, La.
Stockwell, Nelson
28
Ang. 23, 1861
21
G
Mar. 27. 1863 Disability.
Southwick, Elmer G.
24
Sept. 20, 1861
25
Jan. 30, 1863
Disability.
Stockwell, James A.
31
Sept. 16, 1861
25
Oct. 20, 1865
Time out.
Sargent, Aaron, Jr.
31
Jan.
4. 1864
Jan. 14, 1864
Rejected.
*Smith, JJohn
30
Aug. 12, 1863
1 1
F
Deserted Aug. 23, 1863.
"Smith, William
20
Ang. 12. 1863
11
Sawin, Levi C .. Corp.
2.1
Oct. 17, 1862
53
G
"Smith, William
30
Aug. 10, 1863
28
II
*Smith, James
23
Aug. 10, 1863
unassigned.
"Smith, William
21
Ang. 10, 1863
unassigned.
Shehan, James
30
Feb. 14, 1865
1st H. A.
Oct. 20, 1865 Time out.
Smeady, John
19
Feb. 14, 1865
1st I1. A.
Apr. 1, 1865
Disability.
Saunders, Frank B.
40
Aug
6, 1862
36
HI
June 8, 1865
Time out.
433
HISTORY OF GARDNER.
21 Feb. 25, 1864
II. A
3d Cav. Nov. 26, 1864 Time out.
Reed, George W.
24
Aug. 12. 1863
11
Vet. R. C. Vet. R. C.
* Roberts, Lewis
Killed May 8, 1864. Spottsylvania, Va. Sept. 2, 1863 Time out Died of wounds, Ang. 30, 1864.
434
GARDNER IN THE WAR FOR THE UNION-Continued.
NAME.
AGE.
DATE OF MUSTERING IN.
REG'T. Co.
DATE OF DIS- CHARGE.
REASON OF DISCHARGE.
Smith, D. J.
37
Ang. 12, 1862
36
H
June 1, 1863
Disability.
*Schnaggi, August
40
May 10, 1864
Vet. R. C.
*Seymour, John
37
Ang. 6, 1864
Vet. R. C.
Feb. 5, 1865
Disability.
*Sinster, Wm. 1I.
33
May 10, 1864
Vet. R. C.
*Smith, Albert
22
May 9. 1864
Vet. R. C.
"Smith, William
37
May 9, 1864
Vet. R. C.
*Shuffner, Mike
30
July 30, 1864
2nd Inf't.
Regular Army. Regular Army.
*Sheehan, James
34
July 28, 1863
4th Art.
Symonds, John
21
Oct. 26, 1864
Band.
June 13, 1865
*Stevens, George
18
Jan. 21, 1864
12th Inf't.
25
Sept. 7, 1862
11th Inf't.
*Sweeney, Mike Thurston, Henry E.
23
Oct. 17, 1862
53
Sept. 2, 1863
Time out. Rejected Jan. 27, 1864.
*Turney, Joseph *Trainer, John *Tyler, Charles H.
40
July 29, 1864
Vet. R. C.
*Thayer, James D. *Trought, Charles
26
Aug. 6, 1864
Vet. R. C.
Van Benthuysen, Edward B. Vallentine, Robert B.
18
Oet. 17, 1862
53
G
Died May 22, 1863, Brashear City, La.
18
July 19, 1861
21
G
Ang. 30, 1864
Time out.
*Vansebogus, Jean C. Webber, Porter B.
21
Oct. 17, 1862
53
G
Sept. 2, 1862
Time out.
Woodward, Dwight
23
Oct. 17, 1862
53
G
Sept. 2, 1862
Time out.
Wood, William H.
28
Oet. 17, 1862
53
G
Sept. 2, 1862
Time ont.
HISTORY OF GARDNER.
Deserted Aug. 28, 1865.
28
July 21, 1864 Aug. 6, 1864
Vet. R. C. 4th|Art. Band.
Regular Army.
Regular Army.
*Upson, Gust. A.
35
27
May 3, 1863
4th Art.
Regular Army.
21
Feb. 6, 1865
G 9th Bat.
Regular Army. Regular Army.
Jan. 25, 1864
Walker, Edward P. Whitman, Edward Walboro. George W.
29 27
Oct. 7,1861 Jan. 19, 1864 Sept. 25, 1861
25 25 25
F
G G
Oct. 20, 1864 July 13, 1865 Jau. 18, 1864 July 6, 1865
Walboro, George W. Wood, Levi
Whittaker, Edward, Sergt.
33
18 Sept. 23, 1861 May 25, 1861
2 2
Whipple, Alfred P.
23 May 25, 1861
25 Dec. 31, 1863
2
F
July 14, 1865 July 14, 1865
Time out. Time out.
Wilson, James, 1st Sergt.
22
Ang. 12, 1863
11
Welch, James
22
Aug. 12, 1863
11
Wilson, Charles E.
21
Ang. 12, 1863
11
*Woodward, Elbridge G.
23
Aug. 1, 1863
12
Wallace, John W., 1st Sergt.
26
Jan. 2, 1864
21
A Sept. 24, 1864
Superunmary.
Wilbur, Leprelet
29
Oct. 17, 1862
53
G
Sept. 2, 1863
Time out.
Whitney, Sumner P., Mus.
33
Oct. 8, 1861
28
Aug 7, 1862
Order of War Department.
*Williams, George
24
Ang. 11, 1863
28
*Ward, Matthew
24
Feb. 10, 1865
July 20, 1865
Time out.
Winchester, Charles G.
21
Oct 22, 1861
Nov. 26, 1864
Time out.
Whitney, Asaph B.
33
Aug. 7,1862
36
=
June 8, 1865
Wood, Alden B.
37
Aug. 9, 1862
36
H
*White, John 1st
27
Jan. 19, 1864
Deserted Feb. 18, 1864.
*Walton, Leman S.
22
July 29, 1864
Vet. R. C.
* Weiss, Reuben
29
Aug. 5; 1864
Vet. R. C. Navy. Vet. R. C.
Sept., - 1863
Time out.
*Wright, William HI.
20
May 9, 1862
Wood, Francis L.
24
Oct. 9, 1861
26
I
Sept. 18, 1862
Disability. Time out.
Young, Rufus
32
Oct. 17, 1862
53
G
Sept. 2, 1863
Time out. Time out. To re-enlist. Disability. Q. M. Sergeant, Mar. 8, 1863. Disability.
HISTORY OF GARDNER.
435
26
28 Jan 19. 1864 25
27
B
Mar. 18, 1862
F F Dec. 30. 1863
To re enlist.
Whipple, Alfred P., Corp.
D F Transferred Apr. 2, 1864, to Navy. G July 14, 1865 Expiration of service in Co. D. G Transf'd June 25, 1864, to 39th Infantry.
Band C 2nd Cav. 3d Cav.
45
Aug. 9, 1862
36
=
June 1. 1865
Order of War Department. Time out. Transferred to Vet. Res. Corps.
Wallace, Franklin
Wright, Henry C.
18
Sept. 12. 1862
F
436
HISTORY OF GARDNER.
COST OF THE WAR TO THE TOWN IN MONEY.
The whole number of men furnished by the town, for the war was two hundred and ninety-eight, which was a surplus of nine- teen, over and above all demands. Six were commissioned officers. The total amount of money raised and expended, by the town for war purposes, exclusive of state aid, was $23,062 .- 27. In addition to this, $13,343.70 were raised by voluntary subscription.
The amount of money paid, during the war, by the town for state aid to soldiers' families, and repaid by the commonwealth, was as follows: In 1861, $1,053.54; in 1862, $4,068.10; in 1863, $6,050.25 ; in 1864, $3,791.23 ; in 1865, $2,400.00. To- tal amount, $17,363.12.
As this last named sum was refunded by the state, it might be supposed by some, that it did not really come out of the town, but as the state was taxed to pay it, and this town being about on an average with other towns, it is fair to infer that the tax paid by this town, is about equivalent to the sum received.
In 1862, there was a " Soldiers' Aid Society" formed by the the ladies of the town, who met once a week, at first, and after- wards once in two weeks, to work for the soldiers. These meet- ings were well attended, sometimes as many as one hundred being present at one time. They received contributions of any- thing that could be converted into articles suitable for hospital use, or for clothing for soldiers in the field. It is not known exactly what the value in money, of what was sent by them, would be, as the articles were not all inventoried, but it appears from their record that at one time they sent a box valued at $190, and at another time a box and barrel of articles valued at $60. It would be safe to put the amount expended by the ladies in their organized capacity, and of private individuals, who sent articles of clothing and other necessaries, to their friends, at $1000, making the cost in money to the town during the war as follows :-
437
HISTORY OF GARDNER.
Raised and expended by the town. $23,062.27 Raised by voluntary subscriptions .. 13,343.70 Paid state aid to soldiers or their families .. 17,363.12 Seut by the Soldiers Aid Society, to the soldiers, through the Christian and Sanitary Commission
and by individuals, direct to the soldiers. . . 1,000.00
Making a total of. $54,769 09
Nor is this all. State aid is still paid to disabled soldiers and their families, and since the close of the war the town has paid as follows : For the year 1866, $2,312.36; 1867, $1,567.44; 1868, $1,458.00; 1869, $1,225.00; 1870, $1,430.00; 1871, $1,662.00; 1872, $1,098.66 ; 1873, $1052.00, making, since the close of the war, $11,905.46, which added to the above, makes a total of $67,674.55.
There is another item of cost, which is of no small importance, and which ought to be included in the aggregate of war expenses. In 1863, the government having need of more troops, and volun- teers coming in slowly, resort was had to conscription. The number drafted from this town was about seventy. Of this number, twenty-five were accepted. No one of them entered the service personally, but all procured substitutes at an expense of $300 each, making for the whole $7,500, which added to the foregoing, makes a total of $75,174.55.
The preceding statements relate only to the pecuniary costs of the war, which are as nothing, in comparison with the suffer- ings and death of our soldiers, in the camp and on the field, and the sadness and grief of their friends at home. Silver and gold are worthless, when compared with the lives and happiness of those we love. Seven of our citizens were killed, in battle, three died of wounds, and seventeen died of various diseases, incident to camp life, and the hardships of long marches, and several came home, only to die of diseases contracted in the service of their country. The following are the names of those who were killed, or died of disease while in service :-
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HISTORY OF GARDNER.
Walter Bickford, killed at Cedar Mount, Va., Aug. 9, 1862.
Joel J. Brooks, died at Libby Prison, Va., Samuel B. Clapp, died at Alexandria, Va., Dec. 14, 1861.
George Clark, died at Baton Rouge, La., Apr. 13, 1863.
George F. Conant, died at Washington, N. C., Sept. 7, 1863.
Asahel Clapp, died at Clinton, Miss., July 20, 1863.
Augustus Coval, died of wounds at Annapolis, Md., September 7, 1864.
Ai O. Dyer, died of wounds at Knoxville, Tenn., Dec. 26, 1863.
Addison Foster, died at Falmouth, Va., Dec. 25, 1862.
Charles Gilbert, died July 10, 1864.
Iliram Gates, killed at Petersburg, Va., May 9, 1864. Gilbert H. Greenwood, died of wounds at Wash., D. C., May 10, 1863.
William B. Hill, killed at Chantilly, Va., Sept. 21, 1862.
James B. Hogan, died at Brashear City, La., May 20, 1863.
James B. Lathrop, died at Baton Rouge, Ang. 14, 1863.
Martin Manning, died at sea, Ang. 14, 1863.
Michael Murray, killed at Gaiues Mills, Va .. June 27, 1862. Patrick MeNamara, died at Hampton, Va .. May 1, 1864.
Alonzo Perley, died at Mound City, Ill .. Aug. 19, 1863.
William H. Pratt, died at Crab Orchard, Ky., Oct. 6, 1863.
Daniel B. Rugg, died at Baton Rouge, La., Mar. 29, 1863. George F. Robbins, killed at Chantilly, Va., Sept. 1, 1862. Dewitt C. Ray, died near Petersburg, Va., July 20, 1864. Michael Reagan, died in Beverly, N. J., Oct. 2, 1864.
Luther P. Reed, killed at Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864.
Ai B. Stone, died at New Orleans, June 1, 1863.
Edward Van Benthusen, died at Brashear City, La., May 20, 1863.
Besides those of our citizens who enlisted to fill the quota of Gardner, there were several who volunteered and were accred- ited to other towns. Of the whole number of soldiers credited to this town, 9.61 per cent. were killed, or died before reaching home.
The whole number of men called into the national service, during the war, was 2,688,523. Ten per cent. of the whites and about 15 per cent. of the blacks were killed or died while in service.
The war of the Rebellion was virtually ended by the surren- der of Lee and his army on the 9th of April, 1865, and in less
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HISTORY OF GARDNER.
than four months, six hundred and forty thousand, eight hundred and six soldiers of the Union army were mustered out of service and returned to their homes, most of them entering immediately into their former industrial pursuits .*
We close this chapter with a quotation from the very able report, (House Doe. No. 7), made by Mr. Wentworth to the legislature in 1867 : " No better evidence of the determination of the people of the Commonwealth to support the General Government in the war, can perhaps be found than the individ- ual contributions given in aid of its prosecution, which, in many of the towns, were astonishingly large. In Bradford, Water- town, Gardner, Mendon and Templeton, they exceeded five dollars to each inhabitant ; in Somerville, seven ; in West Cam- bridge, eight ; in Leyden, nine; in Longmeadow, ten, and in Belmont ten."
*Greeley's Great Conflict, vol. 2, p. 759.
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HISTORY OF GARDNER.
CHAPTER XVIII.
SCHOOLS. " The room displays
Long rows of desk and bench ; the former stain'd
And streak'd with blots and trickles of dried ink,
Lumber'd with maps and slates, and well-thumb'd books, And carv'd with rude initials."-Street's Poems.
" Yet, on her rocks, and on her sands, And wintry hills, the school house stands, And what her rugged soil denies, The harvest of the mind supplies."- Whittier.
" And then, the whining school boy, with his satchel, And shining morning face, creeping like a snail,
Unwillingly to school."-As You Like It, Act II., Scene VII.
" There, in his noisy mansion skilled to rule, The village master taught his little school.
A man severe he was, and stern to view ;
I knew him well, and every truant knew. Yet he was kind, or if severe in aught, The love he bore to learning was in fault. The village all declar'd how much he knew ;
'Twas certain he could write, and cipher too, Land he could measure, terms and tides presage, And even the story ran that be could gange."-Goldsmith.
B EFORE passing, immediately, to a review of the schools of this town, since their inception, it may be profitable to glance briefly, at the origin, of our common school system. As is well known, to every student of history, children of such parents as were able to provide them with the rudiments of learning, either placed them in parochial schools, or furnished them with private teachers. This was the custom in England
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HISTORY OF GARDNER. 441
previous to the settlement of the colonies. Indeed, the Plym- outh and Massachusetts Colonies had been in existence for nearly twenty years, before any organized effort had been made, for the general education of the young. Whatever instruction the youth received, they obtained in private families.
As early as 1623, three years after the landing of the Pil- grims at Plymouth, these colonists were informed that it was asserted in London, as something derogatory to them, that their " children were not catechised, nor taught to read." To which the reply was made, " this is not true, in neither part thereof; for divers take pains with their own, as they can. Indeed, we have no common schools for want of a fit person, or, hitherto, means to maintain one, though we desire to begin." In 1635, Benjamin Eaton, " was, by the Governor and Assistants, with his mother's consent, put to Bridget Fuller, widow, for fourteen years, she being to keep him to school two years."*
It was not, however, until 1670, that the government of Plymouth Colony took any action regarding the establishment of public schools, at which time, the General Court, " upon divers serious considerations, them thereunto moving, did freely give and grant all such profits as might or should annually acerne, or grow due to this colony, from time to time, for fish- ing with nets or seines, at Cape Cod, for mackerel, bass or her- rings, as by the said grant doth fully appear, to be employed and improved for and towards a free school, in some town of this jurisdiction, for the training up of youth, in literature, for the good and benefit of posterity."t It will be seen, by the above, that the early colonists were not ignorant of the intimate relation existing between fish, and intellectual vigor.
In 1641, the first step, taken by the central government of Massachusetts, in respect to education, was a request " that the elders would make a catechism for the instruction of youth in the grounds of religion." Shortly after, in consideration of " the
*Plymouth Colony Records, vol. 1, p. 37.
+Plymouth Colony Records vol. 5, p. 107.
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IIISTORY OF GARDNER.
great neglect of many parents and masters, in training up their children in learning and labor and other employments which might be profitable to the commonwealth," power was given to the selectmen of towns, to " take account, from time to time, of all parents and masters, and of their children, concerning their calling and employment of their children, especially of their ability to read and understand the principles of religion and the capital laws of the country." Selectmen were also au- thorized with " consent of any court or the magistrate, to put forth apprentices, the children of such as they should find not to be able and fit to employ and bring them up,"* and were indicted by the grand jurors, if they neglected their duty. Ac- cording to Palfrey, " Boston had a school, with some sort of public encouragement, in its fifth year," the inhabitants voting " that our brother, Philemon Pormont be entreated to become school-master for the teaching and nurturing the youth among us."t
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