USA > Massachusetts > Hampden County > Palmer > History of the town of Palmer, Massachusetts, early known as the Elbow tract : including records of the plantation, district and town 1716-1889 > Part 4
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35
THE ELBOW TRACT-SETTLEMENT, 1716-1728.
counties of Ireland at that date, and it furnishes a list of the names of the ancestors of many of our most honored families .*
[ Copied from Parker's "History of Londonderry."] MEMORIAL TO GOV. SHUTE.
To His Excellency the Right Honourable Collonel Samuel Suitte Governor of New England.
We whose names are underwritten, inhabitants of ye North of Ireland, Doe in our own names, and in the names of many others our Neighbours, Gentlemen, Ministers, Farmers and Tradesmen, Commissionate and appoint our trusty and well beloved Friend, the Reverened Mr. William Boyd of Macasky, to His Excellency the Right Honourable Collonel Samuel Suitte Governor of New England, and to assure his Excellency of our sincere and hearty inclinations to transport ourselves to that very excellent and re- nowned Plantation upon our obtaining from his Excellency suitable incour- agement. And further to act and Doe in our Names as his Prudence shall direct. Given under our hands this 26th day of March, Annoq. Dom. 1718.
James Teatte, V. D. M.
Jeremiah Thompson
Thomas Cobham, V. D. M.
John Mitchell
Robert Houston, V. D. M.
James Paterson
William Lecch, V. D. M.
Joseph Curry
Robert Higinbotham, V. D. M.
David Willson
John Porter, V. D. M.
Patrick Anderson
Hen. Neille, V. D. M.
John Gray James Greg
Tho. Elder, V. D. M.
James Thomson, V. D. M.
Alexr McBride, Bart.
William Ker
Sam. McGivorn
Will. McAlben
John Hurdock
Johon Andrson
Geo. Campbell
George Grege
James Shorswood
Andrew Dean
John McLaughlen
Alexander Dunlop, M. A.
George McLaughlen
Arch. M. Cook, M. A.
James Henre
Alexr Blair
Thomas Ramsay
B. Cochran William Galt
Francis Richie James Gregg
Peter Thompson
Robert Boyd
Richard Mclaughlin John Muar
Hugh Tarbel
David Tarbel
John Robb
William Jeameson Wm. Agnew
Jeatter Fultone
* Of the men from the North of Ireland who settled in New England and the Middle States, a writer of note has said: "They were men of pluck and muscle, who hewed down the trees which built their frontier homes and churches; men who covetted no fine linen for their tables, so that they had enough of corn-bread and potatoes; and yet imbued with such a thirst for learning that they became the founders of many of our foremost schools and colleges."
36
HISTORY OF PALMER.
Robert Wear Alexr Donaldson
Adam Thompson Alexander Pattison
Archª Duglass
Thomas Dunlop
Robert Stiven
John Willson
Robt. Henry
David Willson
James Pettey
John Moor
David Bigger
James McKeen
David Patteson
John Lamont
David
John Smith
John Wight
Patrick Orr
Joseph Wight
Bonill Orr
Robert Willson
William Orr
James Ball
John Orr
Andrew Cord
Jeames Lenox
James Nesmith John Black
John Lason
John Thompson
John Calvil
Samuel Boyd
Samuel Wat
Lawrence McLaughlen
James Craford
John Heslet
David Henderson
George McAlester
Matheu Storah
Thomas Ramadge
David Widborn
James Campbell
Luk Wat
David Lindsay
Robert Hendre
Robert Giveen
William Walas
James Laidley
Thomas Walas
Benjamin Galt
Thomas Cewch
Daniel Todd
William Boyd
Robt. Barr
Hugh Orr
Hugh Hollmes
Robert Johnston
Robt. King
Thomas Black
John Black
Peter Murray
Peter Christy
John Jameson
James Smith
John Cochran
James Smith
Samuel Gonston
Patrick Smith
Thomas Shadey
Sameuel Ceverelle
William Ker
James Craig
Thomas Moore
Samuel Wilson, M. A.
Andrew Watson
Gawen Jirwen
John Thonson
Robert Miller
James McKerrall
Thomas Wilson
Hugh Stockman
William Wilson
Andrew Cochran
James Brice
James Carkley Lawrence Dod
Ninian Pattison
James Thompson John Thompson
Sandrs Mear
John Jackson James Curry
Robert Thompson
John Leslie
37
THE ELBOW TRACT-SETTLEMENT, 1716-1728.
James Elder James Acton
William Jennson
James Rodger
John Buyers
Samuel Smith
Robert Smith
Andrew Dodge
Adam Dean
James Forsaith
Randall Alexander
Andrew Fleeming
Thomas Boyd
George Thomson
Hugh Rogers
James Brouster
John Craig
Thomas
Wm. Boyle
James Baverlan
Benj. Boyle
Peter Simpson
Ja. Kenedy
Thomas Mclaughlin
M. Stirling
Robert Boyd
Samuel Ross
Andrew Agnew
John Ramsay
James King
John McKeen
Thomas Elder
James Willsone
Daniel Johnston
Robert McKeen
Robert Walker
John Boyd
David Jonston
Andrew Dunlap
James Steuart
James Ramsay
John Murray
William Park
Thomas Blackwel
John Blair
Thomas Wilson
James Thompson
John Ross
Lawrence Mclaughlin
William Johnston
Will. Campibell
John King Andrew Curry
Andrew Patrick James McFee .
James
James Tonson
Samuel Code
George Anton
James Blak
James Anton
Thomas Gro
George Kairy
Thomys Ouston
Thomas Freeland
Jame Gro
Thomas Hunter
John Clark
Daniel McKerrell
Thomas Boyd
Horgos Keneday John Suene
Thomas McFader
David Hanson
Adam Ditkoy
Richard Acton
Alexander Kid
James Claire
Thomas Lorie
Thomas Elder
Thomas Hines
Jeremiah Claire Jacob Clark
George Anton
Abram Baberley
John Colbreath
William Caird
Stephen Murdock Robert Murdock
John Gray
John Woodman
John Murdock
Will Halkins
James Bankhead
John
38
HISTORY OF PALMER.
Andrew Watson
Matthew Lord
William Bleair
Robert Knox
Joseph Bleair Hugh Blare
Alex. McGregore
James Trotter
Samuel Anton
Alexander McNeall
James Knox
Robert Roo
Robert Hendrey
Joseph Watson
William Dunkan
Robert Miller
David Duncan
John Smeally
John Muree
James Morieson James Walker
Samuel Gillmor
Robert Walker Robert Walker
Edward M Kene
William Calwell
John Morduck
William Walker
Samuel McMun
Samuel Young
Henry Calual
Alexander Richey
Thomas MeLaughlen Robert Hoog
Joseph Beverlan
John Millar
Robert Crage
Hugh Calwell William Boyd John Stirling
Hugh Tomson
Samuel Smith
James Hoog
John Lamond
Thomas Hanson
Robert Lamond
John Hanson
Robert Knox
Richard Etone
William Wilson
James Etone
Wm. Paterson
Thomas Etone
James Alexander
Samuell Hanson
James Nesmith
James Cochran
David Craig
James Hulton
Weall. McNeall
Thomas Haretone
Thomas Orr
John Cochran
William Cochran
William Caldwell James Moore, Jr. Sam. Gunion
Samuel Huntor
John Huntor
James Gillmor
Alexander Chocran
James Morieson
John Thompson
James Still
On receiving a favorable report from Mr. Boyd, a large part of the signers converted their property into money, and embarked in five ships for Boston in America, where one hundred families ar- rived Aug. 4, 1718. A considerable number of these emigrants remained in Boston, where they united with others of their coun- trymen, already residents, and organized the First Presbyterian Church and Society, over which the Rev. John Moorhead was in- stalled pastor. Others located in Andover and adjoining towns. Sixteen families, however, went castward in a body, but eventually
39
THE ELBOW TRACT-SETTLEMENT, 1716-1728.
turned their course and settled at Nutfield, now Londonderry, N. H. Another portion of the company repaired to Worcester, where they proposed to form a distinct settlement, and establish the Presbyterian order, under the ministry of one of the pastors who had come over with them. For reasons not clearly explained, per- haps not fully understood, the settlement here did not prosper. Perhaps Congregationalism was stronger than Presbyterianism ; perhaps the standing order was overbearing, and the exotic imbibed prejudices that both acted and re-acted; perhaps the Scotch charac- ter had too many points of antagonism with the American character of that age, and each thought to crowd the other, and as a natural consequence, the weaker were forced from the field. At any rate, the colony in large part dispersed. A part went West, and planted themselves at Unadilla, on the banks of the Susquehanna in New York. Some of the families located in Spencer; some in Stow ; some in Hopkinton; some crossed over into Connecticut, and some came to The Elbows. Probably the first of these came here in 1720 ; and others followed at different dates, scattering along till 1733. A part of the Worcester colony, joined by a fresh arrival of their countrymen, settled at Coleraine in 1736; and a company of thirty-four, partly recent emigrants, purchased of Col. John Stod- dard, Jan. 1, 1739-40, a township to the east of Amherst, being the northerly section of the Equivalent Lands. To this, the first comers gave the name Lisbon, or New Lisburne-changed to Pel- ham, on the incorporation of the town Jan. 15, 1742.
As will be seen on examination, several of the men whose names are found in the list of addressers to Gov. Shute, came early to Palmer. Among these were Robert Dunlop, James Moor, John Moor, John Paterson, William Paterson, James Smith, Patrick Smith, Robert Smith, John Thomson, Robert Thomson. And other family names soon appear among our inhabitants, as Bell, Blair, Crawford, Flamont (Fleming), Lamont (Lemmon), Rogers. A few of the Scotch families that settled here before 1733 came from Londonderry, N. H .; but the majority of our Elbows planters ·appear to have been of a later and direct emigration [in 1727], as their names are not found on the petition of 1718, nor in the list of the New Hampshire company.
These settlers came on in families, old and young, grand-parents, parents, and children, with character, goods, and associations, all bound together in a bundle by common ties.
CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE FIRST PLANTERS .- All accounts agree that the majority of the early comers to The Elbows were of the
40
HISTORY OF PALMER.
middle class, and expected to depend on their labor for support. The timber was at hand with which to build their log cabins. But their " claims " must be cleared and broken up, and seeds must be planted for future crops. The Scotch emigrants brought the pota- toe * with them to America, a vegetable till then unknown to our people; and it was an important article of their annual food supply, as it has since become to American families. Fish were plenty in the Quabaug and Ware rivers, and game in the swamps. Hogs were a well known commodity here, from the first, and were eatable from pighood onward. They brought, or purchased, stocks of neat cattle, which would be at once " marked " and turned out to graze in the woods. Corn and the smaller grains ripened early on the newly cleared lands; and thus a fair variety of food was secured for daily wants.
The main crops raised by these first comers, besides potatoes, were Indian corn, summer wheat, rye, peas, oats, barley (for malt) and flax. At "country pay " prices, i. e., for barter and the pay- ment of rates, wheat was usually reckoned at 5 shillings per bushel ; rye, barley, malt and peas, 4 shillings ; corn, 3 shillings. The price at our plantation was somewhat higher, as is shown by the follow- , ing vote : " Voted, that what grane Mr. Harvey takes towards his rates he is to have as follows, to wit, wheat eight shillings per bushel, rye six shillings, and corn four shillings." Cash prices were usually one-third less.
What surplus grain could be spared was carted to Springfield, where it was taken by traders, and paid for in cash or goods, usually the latter. Several thousands of bushels of wheat and peas were annually shipped from Springfield to Boston by water. Corn was not an article of shipment at this date.
As a means of raising money, these first comers to the Elbow Tract made considerable turpentine and tar. The pitch pines, which were then the old growth on our plains, were "boxed " by cutting a hollow the width of an axe in the trunk, where the tur- pentine would collect, and could be dipped out into pails and barrels. Much of the tar at first was obtained by burning in kilns the knots
* The potatoe of that day was a coarse-grained and harsh-tasted tuber, and was slow to be intro- duced into our American families as an article of food. Many of our older people refused to taste of it till the day of their death. Though raised in Pelham in 1740, it was ten years before it found its way to Hadley and Northampton. It was regarded as a curiosity rather than a thing of utility. The boys would do errands for a man who had them, and receive a potatoe in payment, which they would plant in the garden merely for looks' sake. In 1763 Josiah Pierce of Hadley raised 8 bushels, and it was a wonder what he would do with them. In some towns it was regarded as a sort of " forbidden fruit." The Rev. Jonathan Hubbard of Sheffield (who died in 1765), came near being dealt with by the church for raising twenty bushels of potatoes in one year ! As late as 1795 potatoes were not a regular article of food among the better class of farmers in eastern Massachusetts.
41
THE ELBOW TRACT-SETTLEMENT, 1716-1728.
and hearts of old fallen trees .* Governor Winthrop of Connecticut, in a paper written in 1662, speaks of the pitch pines that grew in the barren plains of New England from which tar was made, and describes the fat knots and the method of burning in kilns. He says : " Many old trees had been blown down long before, and had all perished except the knots where the bough was joined to the tree, and some of the body towards the root, which were full of turpentine. The fires of the Indians that burnt up the dry and rotten parts of the old logs, only scorched the knots and heart full of resinous matter." These old pine knots and hearts were also used by the settlers for " candlewood," i. e., for lighting the house at evening for such purposes as were not met by the blaze on the heartlı. Every well-to-do family provided itself with a cart-load of this touchwood in the fall. When sold to the villagers the price was 6 to 10 shillings per load-considerably higher than what was paid for walnut wood. Many votes were passed and orders issued (to be copied hereafter) at the annual meetings of our Plantation, regulating the gathering of candlewood and the making of tar and turpentine. The following is a sample : "Voted, That all or any person or persons whomsoever who shall Box, Chip or Work any Pine trees standing on ye Commons for drawing Turpentine shall be deemed tresspassers, and Proceeded against accordingly by the Comtee appointed to Inspect and take care of the Timber of the Commons." In Northampton an order was passed in 1699, "That no more candle wood should be collected for use within seven miles of the meeting-house, on forfeiture of the same; and that pine trees shall not be boxed for turpentine within three miles."
The early settlers here also disposed of saw-logs, and later of lum- ber, as a means of income. At first the logs were drawn to Spring- field, where saw mills were erected as early as 1667. The logs were sold at the estimated board measure, and the price commonly paid was 4s. to 4s. 6d. per 100 feet. The following votes shed light on this matter: "Elbows, Dec. 20, 1736, Voted, That any persons who have right or interest in the Commons. shall have full liberty to take up and improve by drawing immediately to some Saw mill in ye Township any Pine loggs that have lain so long fallen that ye Bark will freely strip or peel off them." The next year it was voted, "That all persons who have right or interest in the Commons shall nevertheless be deemed trespassers and proceeded against ac- cordingly. who shall cut or carry away from said Commons any Pine loggs or other timber, in order to transport it into any other town or place before it is sawed by some Saw mill in the Tract."
* "Tar Kiln Hollow," on Alexander Tackel's home-lot. is named on the records in 1733.
42
HISTORY OF PALMER.
In May, 1738, the restriction was modified as follows : "Voted, that every one of the proprietors of ye Commons shall have liberty to carry off loggs or timber now lying fallen on any of the said Com- mon Lands; in Proportion to their several interests under the following restrictions, vizt .: That so many shillings as each proprie- tor was rated for his Common Land to ye Minister's last year's Salary ending in November: So many Pine Trees now fallen or Oak or Chestnut Trees standing, he may have liberty to take off and improve to his particular advantage : Or to cut and take off so many loads of Fire-wood (Provided no staddles or young trees less than six inches diameter at ye stump shall be included in such loads)."
SPINNING AND WEAVING .- An important means of family in- come to our first settlers was the spinning by the women of linen thread, and weaving the same into fine cloth, which found ready sale at good prices in Springfield and all the older towns. Next to food-grain, flax was usually regarded as the most essential crop, as it was a chief dependence for clothing. Almost all the domestic cloth used for common family garments, sheets and other bed furni- ture, table cloths, napkins, towels and bags, were the product of flax, either in the form of linen or tow. The flax was home-grown; and the cloth was home-made. Some smart females learned the art of making linsey-woolsey of flax and wool; but it required special skill. The more common way was to make tow cloth and linen checks, and exchange them with the traders for linsey - woolsey. Silks and calicoes were obtained in the same way. Sheep are men- tioned as found in the Connecticut valley as early as 1660; but the great risk from wolves, and the expense of a shepherd, prevented the keeping of them by common farmers. Much of the wool used in our families came from Newport, R. I., and was procured by ex- change for tow and linen cloth. The wool cost in money about 1s. per pound, and was all carded by hand. Worsteds were combed- not carded-from the finest wools. It could be said in truth of the women of those days, they "sought wool and flax, and worked willingly with their hands." Cotton was procured in the West Indies, and was comparatively expensive. It was spun upon the great wheel, like wool. Checks and stripes of all cotton, or cotton and wool, were considerably worn.
There was an Order of the General Court passed May 14, 1656- Requireing ye improvement of all Hands in Spinning :-
This Court, taking into serious consideration the present straights and necessities that lye uppon the countrie in respect of cloathing, which is not
43
THE ELBOW TRACT-SETTLEMENT, 1716-1728.
like to be so plentifully supplied from forraigne parts as in times past, and not knowing any better way and means conduceable to our subsistence than the improoveing of as many hands as may be in spinning woole, cot- ton, flax, &c .-
It is therefore ordered by this Court and the authoritie thereof, that all hands not necessarily imploid on other occasions, as weomen, girles and boyes, shall and hereby are enjoyned to spinn according to their skills and abilitie; and that the selectmen in every town doe consider the condition and capacitie of every familie, and accordingly to assesse them at one or more spinners ; and because several families are necessarily imploide the greatest part of theire time in other business, yet, if opportunities were at- tended, some time might be spared at large by some of them for this worke, the said selectmen shall therefore assess such families at half or a quarter of a spinner, according to theire capacities ; Secondly, that every one thus assessed for a whole spiner doe, after this present yeare, 1656, spinn, for thirty weekes every yeare, three pounds pr. weeke of linin, cotton, or woollen, and so proportionally for half or quarter spinners, under the penaltie of twelve pence for every pound short ; and the selectmen shall take speciall care for the execution of this order, which may be easily effected, by dividing theire several townes into tenn, six, five, and to ap- point one of the tenn, six, or five to take an account of theire division, and to certifie to the selectmen if any are defective in what they are as- sessed, who shall improove the aforesaid penalties imposed upon such as are negligent, for the encouragement of those that are diligent in theire labour.
This order of the Court was in force, in substance at least, either as a law or a custom, for near one hundred and fifty years. And as late as the year 1809, a bridal outfit always included a "great wheel," a "little wheel," and a "reel." And it was matter of pride in our girls to know how to use them all.
The Scotch women-wives and daughters of the early settlers of this town and Pelham-excelled in the art of spinning fine linen thread. They brought with them the "little wheel," commonly called the "foot 'wheel," which enabled them to make a finer and evener thread than could be spun on the more cumbersome large wheels heretofore used by our English dames; and the cloth woven of such thread had a proportional excellence. "Scotch linen " at once became fashionable and in demand among the more wealthy families-greatly to the advantage of our people at the Elbows. *
DWIGHT'S PLAN OF 1723 .- This survey-the oldest known to be in existence-of the territory embraced in the Elbow Tract, is en-
* "The Scotch emigrants of 1718 introduced into Boston the flax spinning-wheel, the familiar domestic instrument of their native households. This had quite a run in Boston; schools were established to teach the art of spinning, and ladies of the first quality were found among the votaries of this useful art."- Hon. Wm. Willis.
44
HISTORY OF PALMER.
titled .. A Plat of the Survey of a Tract of Land belonging to the Province of the Massachusetts, bounded partly on Swift river, and partly on Ware river and partly on Chickaby river; westerly on Chickaby river, southerly partly on Brookfield river and partly on Brookfield line easterly, and partly on Ten Thousand Acres of the Equivalent Land, so called, and partly on Province Land northerly. The contents of the whole (Mr. Clark's five hundred acres and Capt. Dwight's three hundred acres excepted) is 22,819 a. 2 r. 27 p. Pr Tim° Dwight Suvr." By this Plat the northeasterly corner bound was on the west side of Ware river, and near the present line of Hardwick, which was the northwest corner bound of Brookfield, as laid out in 1701.
This Survey and Return to the General Court is here referred to and has special value, as proof that the territory included, was re- garded at that date as Province Land, not appropriated by the government, and not rightfully held by any claimant, except as specified in the Description. It follows then, that John King, and the Springfield men, and the Scotch families were only squatters, living there without right and title to the land they occupied. Why they were there will appear from their own statement, to be given in full in the next chapter.
But while these hardy adventurers were making heroic efforts to clear the forests and establish homes for their growing families- apparently undisturbed by the Province authorities-a party ap- pears on the stage, who shifts the scenes and interrupts the move- ments, and gives presage of a finale of calamity and soil.
LAMB AND COMPANY'S CLAIM TO THE ELBOW TRACT. - Soon after it became an established fact that a permanent settlement was to be made across the river to the west of Brookfield and north of Brimfield, a syndicate of gentlemen, survivors and heirs of a com- pany that in 1686 had bought a large tract of land of the Indians " lying near Quabaug," made a movement to locate said purchase so as to cover the tract in question.
As this transaction had an important bearing on the early settle- ment of our town; and the said company's claim to our territory, and sale of lots to some of the first comers, was the cause of vexa- tious losses and delays, and of movements and counter movements, and is often referred to in our Plantation Records; and as very erroneous ideas prevail respecting the bounds of the land actually purchased of the Indians and the rights which accrued to Lamb and Company under said purchase; it seems to be necessary, and an act of justice to all parties concerned, that the true history of
45
THE ELBOW TRACT-SETTLEMENT. 1716-1728.
the said purchase, and the long subsequent claim, together with the action of the General Court thereon, and the final outcome, should be presented here in full. This history is wholly gathered from cotemporary official documents, found in the county registry at Springfield ; in the State Archives at Boston; in the General Court records, and the record of the Proprietors of Lambstown.
THE INDIAN DEED .- " KNOW ALL MEN By These Presents that we John Magus, Lawrence Nassowanno attorneys to Annogomok Sachem of the tract of land called Wombemesicock : James & Simon sons & heirs of black James Sachem of the Nipmug coun- trey, for divers good causes and considerations us thereunto move- ing : And more especially for & in consideration of ye sum of Twenty Pounds current money of New England to us in hand paid by Joshua Lambe, Nath: Paige, Andrew Gardiner, Benja. Gamblin, Benjamin Tucker, John Curtis, Richard Draper and Samuel Rug- gles of Roxbury In the County of Suffolk In New England, ye Re- ceipt whereof we Doe hereby acknowledge ourselves therewith to be fully satisfied contented and paid : Have given granted bar- gained sold aliened enfeoffed & confirmed, and by these Presents doe fully freely & absolutely give grant bargain sell aliene enfeoffe and confirm unto the said Lambe, Paige, Gardiner, Gamblin, Tucker, Curtis, Draper and Ruggles, their Heirs & Assignes, a Cer- tain tract or parcell of land Containing by Estimation Twelve miles long North & South; & Eight miles wide East & West Scituate lying & being Near Quabaug Commonly known by the Name Wom- bemesiscock: being butted and bounded Southerly upon the land of Joseph Dudley Esqr lately Purchased of the Indians, Easterly the Southernmost Corner upon a Pond called Sasagooka Paug and Soe by a brook which Runneth Into the sd Pond & Soe up North- erly into a place called Wequaes & Soe still Northerly untill It meets with a River Menamesick & Westerly by the River untill it come against Quabaug bounds and Joyues unto their bounds, or however otherwise butted & bounded : Together with all and singular ye rights commodities liberties privileges & appurtenances whatsoever to the same belonging or however otherwise appertain- ing: To Have and to Hold the said tract or parcell of land scituate containing & being as aforesaid to the said Lambe, Paige, Gardiner, Gamblin, Tucker, Curtis, Draper & Ruggles their heirs and assignes in common tenancy to their only propper use and behoofe forever.
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