USA > Massachusetts > Essex County > Lawrence > Immigrant city: Lawrence, Massachusetts, 1845-1921 > Part 21
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Board of Library trustees, 164
Boer War, 88, 145
Bolshevism, 201 Bomb explosion, 201
Boston and Maine Railroad, 115-16
Boston Ministers' Association, 5 Bower, Robert, 135
Boxing, 65
Bradford, England, 93, 115 Bradford Street, 109
240
INDEX
Brady, Terence, 39 Bramhall, Samuel, 200-1
Broadway, 43, 61, 72 Brooks, John, 10
Brooks, Phillips, 60
Breen, John (politician), and Salvation Army, 54; and Pacific Strike, 54; defends priests, 55; and A.P.A., 87; attacks British, 88; funeral, 132; mentioned, 51, 135, 144, 147, 154, 178, 185
Breen, John (undertaker), 181, 182, 184, 185
Breen ring, 52 Britain's Day parade, 199
British, arrests, 59; homes, 61; endog- amy among, 104; occupations, 123- 25, 129; social clubs, 140; mentioned, 53, 67, 81, 88, 90, 95, 116, 152. See also English
British-American Convention, 43
British-American Society, 152
British factories, conditions in, 130
Brox, James, 188
Bruce, Alexander, 56
Bryan flag fund, 116 "Bullfrog Tavern," 69 Burke, E. T., 47
Burns, Robert, 144
Business cycle, 119-21
Butler, Benjamin, 49, 55 Byrnes, Frank, 47
Caledonian Club, 140 Calitri, Dr. Constant, 188
Campaign Budget, 51-52
Campopiano, Jeremiah, 69, 188, 191 Canada, 27
Canadians. See French Canadians Canadian "birds of passage," 133 Canal, 19, 107
Canal Street, 20-21, 65
Canoe Club, 65
Canoe racing, 65
Cantillon, O'Hea, 28, 33, 39
Carney, Michael (laborer), 29-30
Carney, Michael (beverage dealer),
185
Carter, Clark, 187. See also City mis- sionary
Caruso, Joseph, 182, 184. See Ettor- Giovannitti-Caruso trial Cassannanca, Paul, 187
Catholic Church. See Churches Catholic Debating Society, 146
Catholic Foresters, 89
Catholic Friends Society, 58 Catholic Herald, 53, 55
Catholic Library Society, 91 Catholic school, 40
Catholics, disturb Salvation Army, 54
Central Labor Union, 91-92, 134
Cercle Paroissial of Ste. Anne's, 141
Chabis Hall, 187, 189, 193
Chamber of Commerce, 197 Children, removed from Lawrence, during 1912 strike, 183; during 1919 strike, 200
Chinese, 11, 77, 90, 131 Choral Union, 61
Christopher Columbus Society, 142-43, 145
Churches, attendance at, 33; Catholic, 35, 55, 84, 85; Augustinian Fathers' Bank collapse, 54-55; establishment, 139-40; set up social groups, 139, 141-42; Americanism of clergy, 162- 67; mentioned, 131. See also specific churches
Circolo di Studi Sociali, 171 Citizens' Association in 1912, 190, 195, 204
City charter, revised, 177
City missionary, 52, 108, 117
Clan MacPherson picnic, 140 Clergy, Americanism of, 162-67; na- tive, 162-64; immigrant, 164-67. See also Churches, William Law- rence, James O'Reilly Cleveland, Grover, 55-56
Cleveland, T. C., 5
Cloutier, Amedée, 51 Cloutier, James, 92 Club Lincoln, 167
Clubs, most popular, 138. Organizations
See also
Cole, John N., 5, 10
Colombo, Antonio, printing office, 181; mentioned, 193
Columbus Day, parade in 1892, 164, 166; parade in 1912, 195-96; parade in 1915, 199; mentioned, 69, 142, 144
Common Street, 20, 33, 35, 36, 66, 69, 72, 109, 111, 117 Communists, 170, 200 Congrégation des Dames, 92, 133, 141 Conlin, Owen H., 56 Contract Labor Law, violations of, 92-93, 192. See also Mills
241
INDEX
Cooperative stores, 92, 139, 142-43 Cost of living in 1876, 119
Cotton factories, 113. See also Mills Courrier de Lawrence, 157, 186, 196 Cricket, 65
Crowding in tenements, 71-73 Crime. See Arrests, Riots
Cunard Line, 100 Curran, Maurice, marriage of, 132 Cyclone fund, 131
Cyclone of 1890, 68
Dam, 19, 27, 34, 61 Daughters of Saint George, 43, 152 Davitt, Michael, 47
Death, average age at, 64; mentioned, 106
Death rate, 1850-80, 64; higher than Massachusetts, 1870-90, 66; 1870-90, 76; from diseases 1900, 77n; men- tioned, 29
Debating circles, 139 Debs, Eugene, 3, 6, 8, 172 DeCourcey, Charles A., 86 Deer Jump Falls, 17 DeLeon, Daniel, 7 Denby, James, 93 Democratic national convention of 1884, Breen at, 55
Democratic party, concern for Law- rence strike, 8; occupations of lead- ers, 39; Breen Machine, 51-52; men- tioned, 33-34, 37-38, 57, 82, 86-87, 147, 150, 167, 170
Depressions, 1854-55, 34; 1873 and 1895, 118-19
Derbyshire, James, 44, 148 Detollenaere, Cyrille, 188 Diarrheal diseases epidemic 1890, 76 Dick, Hugo E., 44, 151 Diphtheria epidemic, 1890, 76; 1878, 106
Disease, in 1850's, 29; epidemics from polluted water, 62-63; smallpox, 63; hospitals, 63-64; death rates from, 66, 76; in mills, 75-76; 1890 epi- demics, 76; deaths from in 1900, 77n; 1878 epidemics, 106; deaths of babies from, 106-7 Doctors, 23, 129 Doffers, 118, 120 Dog fighting, 65 Doherty, Ann, 54 Dolan, Thomas, 115 Drapeau, 146
Dressers, 118
Drinking water, purity of, 29, 62
Drunkenness, Irish, 33; Irish and Ger- man, 58-59; liquor licenses, 59; wed- ding orgies, 78 Dublin, 27 Duck Mill, 31 Duffy, Maggie, 53 Dynamite, in Marad's shop, 182; plot uncovered, 184, 192
Earnings, yearly, in 1876, 119 Ebert, Justus, 7
Elections, 1846, 34; 1850-53, 36-38; 1874-76, 49; 1880-82, 51-52; 1884, 55-56; 1890's, 81-83, 86-87; 1884- 1912, 147-52
Electric railway, 69 Emmett Literary Society, 146
Endogamy, 103-4
English, arrival, 42-43; population, 43; organizations, 43-44, 138-53 passim; location, 43; conflict with Irish, 48; support 1882 strike, 53; in hospital, 64; wives abroad, 100; previous oc- cupations, 114; wages, 121; occupa- tions, 124-25; in politics, 148-49; in 1912 strike, 186; mentioned, 109, 117, 135, 142, 144, 145, 146, 150, 153, 168, 169, 171. See also British English Social Club, 43, 140
Essex Bank, 130 Essex Company, 10, 18, 23, 130 Essex Eagle, 60, 155, 167 Essex Street, 20-21, 61, 72
Essex Turnpike, 17, 43
Ettor, Joseph, called to Lawrence, 179; organizes strike of 1912, 180; ar- rested, 182; on wages in Lawrence, 191; mentioned, 4, 6, 7, 12, 136, 181, 186, 188, 193, 195. See also Ettor- Giovannitti-Caruso trial
Ettor-Giovannitti-Caruso trial, Euro- pean demonstrations over, 4; Defense Committee, 4; mentioned, 12, 184, 187, 191-92 Evening Tribune, 47, 58, 66, 70, 77, 82, 86, 88, 90, 91, 92, 93, 140, 150, 151, 155, 164, 167, 170, 185, 198, 201, 202 Excursion trains, 21
Fall River, 11, 52, 118, 131 Family, security through, 99-112; ties with old country, 99-101; endogamy
242
INDEX
in marriages, 103-5; birth rate, 105- 6; death of babies, 106-7; family unit, 191
Father Matthew Temperance Society, 138
Father O'Reilly's Temperance Society, 59
Fenian movement, 42, 45-46, 145
Fieldman, Sol, 3
Fifty-four hour law, 179
Filter, for drinking water, 62
Filth, in tenements, 73
Fire escapes, in mills, 75
Fires, Pemberton, 32; tenement, 71; mentioned, 29
Flynn, Elizabeth Gurley, 181, 193
Food, in 1850's, 29-30; in boarding houses, 30; in 1912 strike, 74, 75n Football, 65 Forbes, William, 116
Ford brothers, 52-53
Fosdick, Harry Emerson, comment on Lawrence strike, 5
Foss, Governor (Massachusetts), 8, 10 Foster, George, 93
Fourth of July float, Chinese, 131
Franco-American Independent Club,
167
Franco-Belgians, in 1912 strike, 11, 188-89; in 1902 strike, 94; coopera- tive, 143, 193; mentioned, 157
Franklin Library Association, 23
Free Soil Party, 34, 36-37
Freiheit Lodge, 154
French, in hospital, 64; mentioned, 90, 136, 158
French Canadians, arrival, 42; popula- tion, 42; organizations, 42, 138-53; location, 43, 72, 76, 109; trouble with Irish, 45; and Pacific strike, 53; drunkenness, 58; arrests, 59; in hospital, 64; in 1894 strike, 94; wives abroad, 100; family problems, 101; endogamy among, 104; previous oc- cupations, 114; occupations, 123, 125- 26; real estate, 131; church, 139; social clubs, 141; politics, 149-50; newspapers, 156-58; in 1912 strike, 185-86; mentioned, 63, 67, 77, 78, 89, 91-92, 95, 117, 133, 144, 146, 151-53, 168, 169, 185-86, 196-97, 203 French Catholic Church, 198 French colony, 111 French Cooperative Store, 92, 143 French Democratic Club, 150
French Republican Club, 150 Friends of Irish Freedom, 199 Frontier, Lawrence and, 132
Gaelic Athletic Association, 140
Gaelic League, 198
Galicia, 11, 69
Garden Street, 69
Gardner, Henry, 36-38
Gazzetta (Boston), 188
George, Henry, 60
Germans, arrival, 42, 44; organizations,
44, 138-53 passim; location, 44; in Pacific strike, 53; arrests, 59; Per- sonal Liberty League, 59; music, 61; oppose smallpox inoculation, 63; in hospital, 64; in 1894 and 1902 strikes, 94; marriage, 100, 104; oc- cupations, 114, 123, 125; wages, 121; labor movement, 135-36; in Socialist Labor party, 141, 169, 170; Republi- cans, 146, 149; in 1912 strike, 186; mentioned, 12, 47, 67, 82, 88, 89, 95, 109, 114, 117, 131, 138, 144, 145, 146, 150, 152, 153, 159, 168, 169, 186, 193, 198
Gerrymander attempt of 1885, 50, 56- 57
Gerrymander of 1875, 49-50, 147 Giannini, Ettore, 193
Gilmanton, Thomas, 138
Giovannitti, Arturo, 4, 6, 7, 12, 181, 182, 186, 193, 195. See also Ettor- Giovannitti-Caruso trial
Glee and Madrigal Club, 146 Glen Forest Park, 90
"God and Country" parade, 195-96
Golden, John, 6, 7, 134, 192
Goldman, Emma, 3, 7, 155
Gompers, Samuel, 3, 134-35
Gompers banquet, 166
Grace Episcopal Church, 162 Grant, Madison, 10
Greeks, 164
Guardians of Liberty, 197
Hajjar, Doctor, 188 Hallsville, 44, 61
Hampshire Street, 21, 181
Hannegan, Dixie, 52
Harper's Weekly, 5
Harriman, Job, 171 Haverhill, 17 Haverhill Street, 21, 57 Haymarket Riot, 170
243
INDEX
Haywood, William, 3-4, 6, 181, 182, 188, 193
Health Department, 52
Hersey, Scott, 86
Hibernians, 12, 28, 57, 68, 81, 88,
138, 140, 143, 152, 154, 198
Hinchcliffe, Richard, 135
Hogan, Bridget, 35
Holidays and celebrations, sports, 65- 66, 140; social organizations, 140- 42; holidays, 143-44
Holliday, Thomas, 186 Holman, D. M., 10
Holyoke, 11, 19
Homes, slums in 1912, 9; Irish shanties, 28-29; tenements, 66, 70-74, 108; description of tenements, 107; boarder system, 108; shifts within city, 109-11; poverty in, 117; men- tioned, 21, 132
Homesteads, 133 Horatio Alger ideal, 155
Horse racing, 65
Hospital, patients at, 63, 64
Hours of work, 120-21
Hunchak Club, 146
Hyphenate associations, 139, 152
Illegitimate children, 107 Illiteracy, 79-80
Immaculate Conception Church, 28, 139
Immigrant cycle, 13, 41, 42, 95-96, 109, 112, 121, 124, 129, 136, 189-90, 202-4
Immigration Commission, 9, 12, 80, 93, 113, 114, 121, 127 Immigration Problem, 9
Immigration restriction laws, 202 Immigration Restriction League, 9
Imperialism, opposed by immigrant press, 160
Industrial Workers of the World, 3, 4, 6, 7, 67, 136, 180-81, 184, 186, 189, 192, 196
International Institute for Women, 196 Irish, famine in Ireland, 11, 26-27; founding of city, 11; in model town, 24; number in Lawrence, 24, 27; location in Lawrence, 25-26, 111; ar- rival, 27, 42; homes, 28-29, 41; or- ganizations, 28, 37, 58, 138-53 pas- sim; in mills, 30-31; antagonism to- ward, 32-41, 48-51, 56-57, 81-88; in riots, 32-33, 35-36, 40, 47-48;
drunkness, 33, 40-41; illiteracy, 33; in politics, 39, 49, 51-52, 147-48; Fenian movement, 45-46; Irish In- dependence movement, 45-47; Irish- Orange riot, 47-48; Breen machine, 51-52; and Pacific strike, 53; against Salvation Army, 53-54; and collapse of Augustinian Bank, 55; schism among, 55-57; intellectual advance- ment, 58; arrests of, 59; at hospital, 64; diseases of, 76; trouble with other immigrants, 78, 88-89; and A.P.A., 85; and 1902 strike, 94-95; marriage of, 102, 104; birth rate of, 106; occupations of, 114, 123-26, 129; wages of, 121; bank deposits of, 130; expensive vacations of, 132; set up church, 139; social clubs of, 140; newspapers, 155-56; in 1912 strike, 184-85; Americanism of, 195- 200; mentioned, 43, 57, 67, 69, 72, 81-83, 91-92, 105, 109, 112, 116-17, 122, 133, 135, 138, 144-47, 150-54, 157, 164, 168, 169, 170, 189, 203 Irish-American Club, 152 Irish-Americans, 88
Irish Benevolent Society, 28, 58, 142 Irish Land League, 47
Irish Republican Club, 147
Italians, Socialist Federation of, 7; in Lawrence Strike, 9, 188-89; in hos- pital, 64; arrival, 68-69; location, 69, 109, 111; organizations, 69, 138-53 passim; nativism, 91; in 1894 strike, 94; birth rate, 106; occupations, 114, 123, 126, 129; wages, 121; bank deposits, 130; real estate, 131; re- turn home, 133; branch of I.W.W., 136, 179; relief fund, 145; branch of Socialist Labor party, 171; business- men and priests, 187-88; schools, 198; textile workers, 201; mentioned, 11, 77, 78, 90, 108, 116-17, 144, 146, 153, 169, 180, 184, 186, 189-90, 192- 93, 200, 202-3
Jackson, Patrick, 17, 18 Jackson Street, 21, 65 Jencks, Jeremiah, 9, 10
Jews, arrival, 69; colony of, 111; clubs, 142; treatment in Russia, 145; schools, 198; mentioned, 90, 91, 153, 198 Joyce, Jim, 52 Joyce, John, 185
244
INDEX
Kaplan, Ime, 200
Kearney, Dennis, 136
Khoury, Joseph M., 70
Kindergarten, 60
Kitchens, 107-8
Knights of Columbus, 197
Knights of Labor, 116, 134, 156, 169
Knights of Saint Crispin, 134
Knights of Saint Patrick, 140
Know-Nothing movement, 39, 40, 48, 56, 190 Know-Nothing party, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 41 Kossuth, Louis, 33 Kreisler, Fritz, 199
Labor Commission Report on Law- rence Strike, 12, 72, 191
Labor reform party, 120, 135
Labor unions, in Lawrence strike, 6-7,
192; early unions, 134; textile unions, 134-35; immigrants in, 135-36. See also American Federation of Labor, National Labor Union, Knights of Labor, Industrial Workers of the World
Lacaillade, Charles, 43
Ladies Union Charitable Society, 63
Lafayette Court of Foresters, 92
Lancashire, 11
Land League Convention, 47
Lauck, Jett, 9
Laurel Grove, 48
Lawrence, Abbott, 17, 18, 19, 24, 162 Lawrence, Mass., population of immi- grant groups in, 10-12, 24, 27, 42-43, 68, 95; immigrants in during 1912 strike, 10-11; importance of immigra- tion to, 11, 197-98; as immigrant center, 12; image of in 1912, 12; as model town, 17-26; location, 17; founding, 17-20, 27; rural qualities, 20-21, 65, 132; idealism in, 23-24; map of immigrant centers in, 25; early workers in, 26; disease in, 29, 62-64, 66, 76; death rate in, 29, 64, 66, 76; population of, 42, 43, 68, 71-72, 95; attempts to restore model town, 60-65; intellectual movements in, 60-61; appearance of, 61; tene- ments in, 70; decline of intellectual interests in, 79; marriages in, 102-5; birth rate in, 105-6; death of babies in, 106-7; movement west from, 132; return home from, 133; organizations
in, 138-53; progressive reforms ın, 177; meaning of, 202-5
Lawrence, William, 162-63, 167 Lawrence Amalgamated Short Time Committee, 135
Lawrence American, 28, 40, 41, 48, 51,
54, 82, 105, 130, 149, 151, 155
Lawrence Brass Band, 35
Lawrence Common, 19, 20, 21, 27, 111, 181, 201
Lawrence Courier, defends Irish, 41;
mentioned, 24, 26, 31-35, 37-38, 130 Lawrence Cricket Club, 140
Lawrence General Hospital, 63-64
Lawrence-Haverhill brawl, 58
Lawrence Journal, attacks priests, 55; mentioned, 47, 49, 54, 56, 57, 61, 88,
91, 115, 131, 146, 150, 155-56, 158, 159, 162, 167
Lawrence Morning News, 54
Lawrence Mozart Association, 61
Lawrence Sentinel, 35, 40, 41, 46, 48, 115, 151
Lawrence strike (1912), interest in, 3-7; relation to Progressive move- ment, 4, 177; unions in, 6-7, 192; and immigration restriction, 9; no- toriety of, 12; start of, 179-80; pa- rades in, 181; dynamite in, 181-85; violence in, 179-83; aftermath, 183- 84, 195-96; removal of children dur- ing, 183; settlement of, 183; meaning of, 184, 189-90, 193-94; role of na- tionality in, 184-90; Irish in, 184-85; French Canadians in, 185-86; English in, 186; Germans in, 186; Italians in, 186-88; Syrians in, 187-88; Fran- co-Belgians in, 188; nativism during, 190; search for security in, 190-94; immigrant organizations in, 193; rad- icalism in, 193-94; mentioned, 8, 13, 67, 135, 202, 205 Lawrence survey, 72, 177 Leader, 184-85
League of Nations, 199
Leeds, England, 130
Lewis, Lena Morrow, 8
Liberty Loan drives, 198
Library, public, 60, 79.
See also
Franklin Library Association Liquor licenses, 59, 151 Literacy test, 10
Lithuanians, arrival, 69; Citizens' Club, 69; location, 69; organizations, 69, 138-53 · passim; church, 69; real
245
INDEX
estate, 131; cooperative, 143; men- tioned, 11, 78, 108, 164, 189, 201
Liverpool, 27
Local 20 (I.W.W.), 180, 186, 193
Lodge, Henry Cabot, 9
Londonderry Pike, 17
Loom fixers, 118, 120, 187
LoPezzi, Annie, 12, 182, 184, 187, 195
Lowell, 17, 62, 65, 118, 131
Lynch, Mayor, 151 Lyra Singing Society, 44, 141
McAleer, Frank, 65 McCarty, Patrick, 132
McCorey, Peter, 53
McKenna, John, 115
Mahoney, Judge, 184
Manchester, England, 130
Manchester, N.H., 62, 89
Mann, Horace, 23
Marad, Farris, 181, 188
Marriage, rate, 102; statistics for work- ers, 102n; among ethnic groups, 103- 5; most typical marriages, 105. Martin, John, 8 Marvin, Winthrop L., 6, 8
Massachusetts Board of Health, 68, 76 Massachusetts Sanitary Commission, 29 Matthes Hall, 145
May Day Parade, 184
Meagher, T. F., 28, 45
Measles epidemic in 1878, 106 Men and Religion Forward movement, 196
Merrimack River, 10, 11, 17, 19, 48, 61, 62, 65, 109
Merrimack Valley, 17, 27, 62, 179 Merrimack Manufacturing Company, 17
Methuen Street, 20, 21 Milanese, Father, 69, 187-88, 192
Mills, 1912 strike, 3-13, 177-94; con- struction of, 19, 30; boarding houses of, 21-22, 27; collapse of Pemberton, 31-32; wages in, 31, 118-20, 183, 191; Pacific Mills strike, 52-53; ac- cidents in, 75; disease from, 75-76; violation of contract labor law by, 92-93; Washington Mills strikes, 94; source of workers, 113-15; efforts to find security in, 113-37; strict control of workers in, 115-16; hours of work in, 120-21; 1919 strike, 200-2; men- tioned, 60, 119, 124, 191 Mills, Hiram, 62
Mission cases, 117
Montreal cotton mills, 115
Most, Johann, 169-70
Mountains, 65 Mount Lebanon, 11, 70
Muckraking magazines, articles on Law- rence strike, 5
Mulvaney, Patrick, 78 Murphy, J. T., 100 Murphy, Patrick, 130
Nashua, N.H., 62
National Industrial Union of Textile Workers (I.W.W.), 135
National Labor Union, 134-35 National Union of Textile Workers (A.F.L.), 134
Native-born, occupations, 123, 126-27; mentioned, 184. See also Nativism Nativism, "Black House" riot, 32; anti-
Irish in 1850's, 32-41; Know-Nothing movement, 34-41; 1854 riot, 35-36; anti-Irish in 1870's, 48-51; anti- Breen, 51-52; anti-Irish Catholics in 1880's, 56-57; Saint Mary's flag af- fair, 81; in elections of 1890's, 81-83; A.P.A., 84-88; anti-Southeastern European immigrants, 90-92; in 1912 strike, 190; after 1912 strike, 197; mentioned, 95 Natural History Society, 61 Naturalization, 146, 167-68, 196
New England Turnfest, 152
New Republic, 8
Newspapers, French-Canadian, 43n, 156-58; native press, 154-55; immi- grant press, 155-62; Irish, 155-56; German, 158-60; on imperalism, 160; Syrian, 160-61; Americanism, 161- 62; mentioned, 139, 146. See indi- vidual newspapers
New York Call, 7, 75, 183, 201 New York Times, 53, 180, 182 "No God, No Country," 195 North American Review, 9
Oakdale Club, 154 Oak Street, 36, 72, 111
Occupations, of politicians, 39; previous of mill workers, 114-15; by nation- ality in 1880 and 1900, 122-29; pro- fessions, 128-29
O'Donnel, Father, 39 Ogilvie, John, 53, 171 O'Keefe, Katherine, 58, 86-87, 146, 185
246
INDEX
Old Black Star Line, 100
O'Mahoney, John, 45
O'Neill, James, 52, 57
Orangemen, 48, 87, 140, 144
O'Reilly, James, attacks nativism, 81; accomplishments, 164; background, 164; beliefs, 165; labor views, 165; conservatism, 166; Americanism, 166-67; and strike of 1912, 184-85; "God and Country" parade, 195-96; mentioned, 138, 139, 178, 192, 197, 199
Organizations, Irish, 28; French-Ca- nadian, 42; English, 43-44; German, 44; Italian, 69; southeastern Euro- pean, 69; Polish, 69; Lithuanian, 69; Syrian, 70; security through, 138-53; pattern of formation of, 138-53; churches, 139-40; social clubs, 140-42; benefit associations, 142-43; cooperative stores, 142- 43; and the old country, 145; intel- lectual groups, 146; political groups, 146-52; state conventions, 151-52; hyphenate groups, 152; chart of, 153; mentioned, 193
Osgood, Josiah, 38
O'Sullivan, Mary K., 7 O'Sullivan, William, 28 Outlook, 5 Overseers of the Poor, 117
Pacific Mills, library, 22; boarding houses, 22; wages at, 118; mentioned, 30, 52-53, 75, 94, 115, 177, 180 Pacific Mills strike (1882), 52-53, 94 Padrone system, 69
Page, Francis, 88
Panic of 1873, 118 Park Street, 111
Parnell, Charles Stewart, 46
Parochial schools, 86 Passing of the Great Race, 10 Paterson, N.J., 7, 53
Paterson strike of 1912, 7
Peasant origins of Lawrence mill work- ers, 115
Pelletier, Attorney General, 184 Pemberton disaster, 31 Pemberton Mill, 31, 115 Pilot, 48
Pinchot, Mrs. Gifford, 5
Pinkerton detectives, in 1912 strike, 181 Pitocchelli, Fabrizio, 69, 188 Pittman, Ernest, 184
"Plains," 21, 27, 28, 31, 33, 35, 41, 45, 49, 57, 109, 147, 195 Pleasant Valley, 131-32 Pneumonia, 76
Poles, in hospital, 64; arrival, 69; lo- cation, 69; organizations, 69, 138-53 passim; church, 69, 139; food, 74; riot, 77; apartments, 108; occupa- tions, 114, 123, 126, 129; wages, 121; real estate, 131; schools, 198; men- tioned, 11, 78, 117, 189, 192 Police force, 23, 52 Polish pogroms, 198
Politics, changes in 1850's, 33-35; Know-Nothing party, 36-38; Repub- lican party, 38-41; Democratic party, 39, 51-52; gerrymandering, 49-50, 56-57; clubs, 139; immigrants in, 147- 52; naturalization and voting, 167- 69. See also Democratic party, Re- publican party, Elections Pollano, Walter, 193
Portuguese, 11, 111, 139, 152, 153, 157, 164, 189, 193
Precinct boundaries, 148 Presbyterian church, 139 Priddy, Al, 5
Progrès, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 101, 114, 117, 150, 151, 156-62
Proletario, 7
Property owned by immigrants, 130-31 Prospect Hill, 19, 21, 26, 41, 44, 48, 61, 109, 132, 147, 149
Prospect Mill, 180, 186 Prospect Street, 65 Protective societies, 139, 142-43
Purgante, 193
Quebec, 11, 27
Radicalism, I.W.W., 3, 6-7, 177-93 passim; socialism, 3, 4-8, 169-73; reputation of Lawrence, 4, 12, 169; German, 169-70; Socialist party, 169- 73; Socialist Labor party, 169-73; non-German, 170-71; in 1912 strike, 193; in 1919 strike, 200-2. See also Anarchists, Industrial Workers of the World, Socialists
Redistricting between 1896 and 1900, 171
Regan, Father D. D., 53 Reichwagen, August, 44 Rent in 1876, 119
247
INDEX
Republican party, 8, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 51, 57, 87, 148, 149-50, 167 Riots, "Black House," 32; in 1854, 35- 36; Irish-Orange, 47-48; mentioned, 33, 40-41, 58, 77-78, 88-89, 189 Riverside Literary Society, 60 Rocco, Angelo, 179, 186, 197, 200 Roller polo, 65 Roy, Charles, 43 Russell Sage Foundation Study of Law- rence, 12
Russians, in hospital, 64; arrival, 68-69; Jews, 92, 115; previous occupations, 114; occupations, 123, 126; men- tioned, 117, 200
Saint Anne's Church, 42 Saint George's Day, 144
Saint Jean de Baptiste Society, 42, 131, 141, 143, 154, 198 Saint Joseph's Day, 144 Saint Laurence's Church, 69
Saint Mary's Church, school, 68, 165; flag-raising episode, 81; calendar, 94, 164, 196; mentioned, 28, 138 Saint Michael Polish Society, 198 Saint Patrick's Day, 45, 58, 65, 143-44
Saliba, Joseph, 70, 131
Salvation Army, 53-54
San Francisco earthquake, 131-32
Sangerfest, 152 Sanitary Commission, 22 Saunders, Daniel, 18
Savings, Augustinian Bank, 54-55; lack of on arrival, 117; bank deposits, 130; property-owned, 130-31; church- es, 131; in 1912 strike, 191 Saxony, 11, 44 Shanties, 27-28, 31, 41, 66, 109, 147 Shapleigh, Elizabeth, 75
Shattuck, Lemuel, 22
Shepard, James, 52 Sheridan Dramatic Club, 146
Scanlon, Mayor, 184-85, 192 Scarlet fever epidemic, 66 Schaake, Albert, 199 Schiller's birthday, 144 School Committee, 23, 40, 56, 60, 63, 82, 83, 87, 154, 164, 196 Schools, attendance, 33; reforms, 60; mentioned, 79-80 Scots, in hospital, 64; previous oc- cupations, 114; clans, 152; men- tioned, 11, 114, 117, 144, 145, 153, 171. See also British
Sewage, 29, 61 Sherman Agency detectives, 184 Short Time movement, 120 Silesia, 11, 44 Slums. See Homes
Smallpox, 63 Social clubs. See Organizations Socialism, 141, 160, 166
Socialists, and Socialist Labor party, 6, 171, 172, 193; and Socialist party, 171-72, 193; vote for, 172; men- tioned, 170, 173, 186, 200 Solidarity, on Lawrence Strike, 3, 7 Sons of Israel, 142
Southeastern Europeans, in Lawrence strike, 10; arrival, 68; organizations, 69, 138-53 passim; fill tenements, 70; location, 72; crimes of, 77; antipathy toward, 92, 116; endogamy among, 104; wages of, 121; occupations of, 126; in 1912 strike, 188-89; men- tioned, 11, 74, 78, 112, 116, 152 South Lawrence, 26, 109, 132, 147 Spanish-American War flag-raising, 154 Spicket River, 17, 19, 20-21, 44, 49, 57, 61, 72, 107, 109 "Starvation Alley," 66
Steffens, Lincoln, at Lawrence strike, 3 Stephens, James, 45-46
Stephens wing of Fenians, 45-46
Stiegler, August, 44
Stiegler, Emil, 51, 63
Street lighting, 61
Strikes, of 1912, 3-13, 177-94; 1912
. strike hearings, 12, 74, 191; of 1882, 52-53; Arlington, 93; of 1894, 94; of 1902, 94, 159; of 1919, 200-2. See also Lawrence strike, Pacific Mills strike, Washington Mills strike
Storrow, Charles, 18, 23
Sullivan, Jeremiah T., 86
Sullivan, John J., 184
Sullivan, Maria, 32
Sunday Register, 86
Sunday Sun, 155 Survey, on Lawrence strike, 7 Sweeney, General, 45-46
Sweeney, John, 54-55, 58
Sweeney, Patrick, 81, 131
Sweeney family, attacks Augustinian priests, 54-55; rift with Breen, 55-57;
publish Journal, 58; mentioned, 146, 156 Sweeney wing of Fenians, 54-55, 58 Sweetser, Colonel, 7
248
INDEX
Swimming holes, 65 Syphon Engine Company, 40 Syrians, in hospital, 64; arrival, 70; origins, 70; organizations, 70, 138- 53 passim, 181, 193; church, 70, 139, 193; location, 72, 111; overcrowding, 72-73; riot with Portuguese, 77; wages, 121; occupations, 126; news- papers, 160-62; in 1912 strike, 180, 187-88; mentioned, 12, 78, 80, 131- 32, 146, 153, 164, 198, 202
Taft, Mrs. William Howard, 5 Tarbox, James, 46
Tarbox, John K., 49, 51
Taylor, J. S., 66
Teachers, 129. See also Schools
Telegram, 90
Tenements, 66, 70-72, 76, 107, 119
Ten-Hour Clubs, 120
Ten-hour day, 134
Tewksbury, Mayor, 49
Textile Worker, 6
Textile Workers Union, 94
Tobin, John, 185
Torchlight procession, 28
Tower Hill, 19, 21, 26, 41, 109, 132, 147, 149
Tresca, Carlos, 195
Trial of a New Society, 7
Trips abroad, 100, 101
Truancy, 79
Tuberculosis, 76
Turks, arrival, 68; origins, 70
Turner Society, Turnverein, 44; choral society, 141; convention, 199; men- tioned, 138, 141, 143
Turn Hall, 131, 138, 141, 154, 169-70 Typhoid fever epidemics, 29, 62-63, 76, 106
Ukraninian massacres, 198 Unemployment, 34, 119
Union Label Monthly, 192
Union Saint Joseph, 154 Union Street, 69, 72
Unitarian Shakespeare Club, 60
United States Labor Commission, re- port on Lawrence strike, 3 United Textile Workers of America, 6
Vaccination, 63 Valley Street, 35, 72
Victory celebration in 1918, 199 Villanova, 58, 164 Vorholz, Adolph, 151 Vorse, Mary Heaton, 5 Voters, percentage voting, 168-69
Wages, in 1850's, 31; from 1870 to 1912, 118-20; and immigrant cycle, 121; in 1909, 120, 127; 1912 strike, 183, 191; mentioned, 31, 22
Walking craze, 65 Walworth, Joseph, 115
Warren, Albert, 36
Washington Fire Steamer Company, 52 Washington Mills, 115-16, 128, 179- 80, 185
Washington Mills strike, of 1894, 94; of 1902, 94
Weavers Union, 53
Wedding brawls, 78
Weefers, Barney, 66
Weekly payments movement, 135
Weekly People, 7
Welch, Patrick, 84
Weyl, Walter E., on Lawrence strike, 8
Whigs, 33-34, 36-38
White, Nathaniel, 24
White Fund, 58, 60
White Mountains, 21
White Star Line, 191
Whitman, William, 6, 8
Whooping cough epidemic, 106
Wives abroad, 100
Wood, Duncan, 44, 51, 53, 99, 135
Wood, William, 4, 6-8, 10, 115, 166, 177-78, 181, 184, 187, 192, 202 Wood Mill, 93, 115, 120, 177, 179-80
Woolen factories, 113
Wool sorters, 93, 118, 120
Workingmen's party, 134-35
Wrestling, 65 Wright, Carroll, 133
Yankees, 45 Yorkshire, 93 "Young Syria," 145 Young Men's Catholic Association, 86 Young Men's Catholic Lyceum, 61
Young Men's Hebrew Association, 142
Zionist drive, 198
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