USA > Massachusetts > Norfolk County > Quincy > Inaugural address of the mayor, with the annual report of the officers of the city of Quincy for the year 1942 > Part 5
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F. H. Crane & Son
Portland Cement
per M. $16.50 Bbl. 2.68
Water
Feb. 25
Warren Pipe & Foundry Corp.
C.I. Class No. 150 Water pipe 6"
ft.
.98
8"
ft.
1.39
10"
ft.
1.87
12"
ft.
2.41
16"
ft.
3.59
Feb. 10
Geo. Caldwell Co. Mueller Co.
300-34" Br. Gate Valves Bronze Mtd. Gate Valves
4"
ea.
15.25
Jan. 29
Geo. Caldwell Co.
400-No. 95E Service Boxes
ea.
1.91
225 5/8" Water Meters
30
"
ea. 15.90
5 1"
ea. 24.75
2 114"
"
ea. 34.15
4 1"1/2
ea. 43.50
4 2"
",
ea. 65.50
1-No. C-1 Drilling Machine
1,144.60
All Depts.
Feb. 17
Quincy Oil Co.
Gasoline
Feb. 17
Cities Service Oil Co.
Gasoline
W. P. A.
Aug. 3
H. Cohen & Co. Inc.
Removal of Street Car Rails
Pay City $12.76 gr. ton
89
REPORT OF PURCHASE AND SUPPLY DEPARTMENT
6"
ea. 23.75
8"
ea.
37.00
Jan. 29
Worthington Gamon Meter Co.
ea. 10.65
ea.
1.27
Feb. 12
Oct. 30
Mueller Co.
.0025 off T.W. per gal. .0025 off T.W. per gal.
91
REPORT OF DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
REPORT OF DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
January 1, 1943.
Hon. Charles A. Ross, Mayor of the City of Quincy:
Dear Sir:
The Health Department has experienced an exceedingly busy and extraordinary year during 1942. With the added load of duties that have resulted from the war activities in this City, it has been necessary for nearly all of our personnel to assume extra duties to meet these necessary requirements. So, at the start of this annual report I express my appreciation and thanks to those members. Likewise we have had to ask the cooperation of other City departments in those details that entailed their involvement. This has always been most generously given.
We shifted our annual diphtheria immunization clinics to the Spring with most gratifying results. Previously these clinics had been held in the fall; but with the more recent recommendation of the Massachusetts Department of Health that there be a three weeks period between inoculations it would have carried this work into the cold winter weather. With the many new people either liv- ing or working in Quincy our immunization program takes on added importance. Probably a considerable portion of these people come from sections that do not enjoy our enviable record of no diph- theria; hence the possibility, if not probability, of many carriers being among them. Immunization of all our child population at the earliest possible date is therefore very essential.
During the past year we have re-written our regulations to bring them up to date and to aid in our enforcement of sanitary and healthful conditions. We have anticipated the possible need of such wartime emergency requests as trailer camps and daytime nurseries by including regulations to cover the licensing and oper- ating of them.
Following a temporary appointment to Evelyn M. Kelly as one of our nurses, she has been given a permanent appointment to fill the vacancy existing through the resignation of Mary McLennan.
Throughout the individual reports appended hereto, you will find several recommendations, all of which deserve your proper study.
In the following vital statistics I suggest careful reading and analysis to our citizens as they contain many striking facts.
Population
The figures in the following statistics are based on the 1940 Census, plus the natural increase of births over deaths in the en- suing period. We therefore arrive at a population estimate of 77,320 for 1942. Since, at this time, there is no way of determin- ing our increase through the influx of new inhabitants, the rates based on the above figure are probably a bit high.
92
CITY OF QUINCY
Deaths
Crude and residential death rates. There were 750 deaths that occurred in Quincy indicating a crude death rate of 9.7 per 1,000 population as compared with a rate of 8.7 in 1941. Subtracting the 83 non-resident deaths and adding 167 resident deaths that died outside of Quincy, we arrive at a figure of 834 residential deaths, or a rate for 1942 of 10.8 per 1,000 population as compared with a rate of 9.8 in 1941. Table 4 gives the rates for the past ten years.
Sex, Nativity and age of decedents. Of the above residential deaths, 446 or 53% were males, and 388 or 47% were females. 532 or 64% were native born and 302 or 36% were foreign born. For age groups see Table 3.
Principal Causes of Death
Rate per
100,000 Percent of total
1942
1942
1941
Heart Disease
Int. List Numbers 90-95 45-55
Deaths 1942 288 111
143.5
13.3
16.5
Intracranial Lesions of vascular origin ..
83
79
102.2
9.5
9.2
Accidents
169-195
65
84.1
7.8
4.0
Pneumonia, all forms
107-109
47
60.8
5.6
5.6
Acute and Chronic
Nephritis
130-132
46
59.5
5.5
5.7
Diseases peculiar to
the first year of life 158-161
33
42.7
4.0
3.5
Tuberculosis, all forms 13-22
27
34.9
3.2
3.2
Arterial Diseases
96-99
22
28.4
2.6
2.7
Diabetes
61
15
19.4
1.8
2.4
All other causes
...
101
130.6
12.1
14.2
834
1,078.6
100.0
100.0
Of the 65 accidental deaths, 24 occurred as a result of the Cocoa- nut Grove holocaust in Boston on November 28th.
Communicable Disease Deaths-There were no deaths from typhoid fever, infantile paralysis, diphtheria, measles, scarlet fever or whooping cough during the year 1942. One death resulted from paratyphoid fever, one from malaria, 20 from lobar pneumonia and 27 from tuberculosis.
Infant Mortality. During 1942 there were 48 infant deaths, in- dicating the infant mortality rate as 28.3 per 1,000 live births. This is the lowest rate yet recorded for Quincy. Of these deaths 39 or 81% were under one month of age. The leading cause of death was prematurity, claiming 23 deaths or 48% of the total infant mortality. Ten years ago our infant mortality rate was 48 and twenty years ago was 73 per 1,000 live births. Table 2 classifies the infant deaths by age and cause; while the rates for the past ten years are included in Table 5.
Maternal Mortality-There were 7 maternal deaths for 1942 making this rate 4.1 per 1,000 live births. Table 5 shows the rates for the past ten years.
372.5
34.6
33.0
Cancer
93
REPORT OF DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Births
There was a total of 1,694 births credited to Quincy in the past year. There were 1,562 births that occurred in the city; subtracting 296 of these that were non-resident, and adding 428 resident births that occurred outside of Quincy we get the total births above men- tioned. This indicates a birth rate of 21.9 per 1,000 population, the highest rate since 1925. This figure of 1,694 births is the highest ever recorded in Quincy; and the excess of births over deaths (860) is by far the greatest in our history. It is interesting to note that of the total births 1,167 or 98.4% occurred in hospitals. For birth rates since 1933 see Table 4.
Stillbirths
The total number (corrected for residence) of stillbirths in 1942 was 28, which gives a rate of 16.5 per 1,000 live births. For rates since 1933 see Table 5.
Again, I urge that before licenses are issued by the License Board for any business that requires equipment in accordance with the State Health Laws or the regulations of this department, that these licenses be not issued until the applicant has met the full requirements of the Health Department. This would save much time for our inspectors and eliminate the necessity of court action.
Rabies in animals has been occurring in the past year in com- munities adjacent or near to us. It is important that owners of dogs have their animals inoculated annually against this disease, for the safety of the family and community as well as the animal.
Indications point to a considerable increase in Scarlet Fever and Measles for 1943.
In closing I wish to thank the Quincy Patriot Ledger for their splendid cooperation in publicity for our various projects. Since successful health control is largely a matter of public education, the newspaper assistance is most valuable.
Respectfully submitted,
RICHARD M. ASH, M.D., Health Commissioner.
94
CITY OF QUINCY
TABLE 1
(Resident Deaths According To Cause, 1942 (International List of Causes of Death)
ALL CAUSES 834
I Infectious and Parasitic Diseases 40
2. Paratyphoid fever 1
13. Tuberculosis of the respiratory system 25
14. Tuberculosis of the meninges and central nervous system 1
20. Tuberculosis of the genito-urinary system 1
28. Malaria
30. Syphilis 4
33. Influenza 3
44. Other infectious and parasitic diseases 4
II Cancer and Other Tumors 112
45. Cancer of the buccal cavity and pharynx ...
2
46. Cancer of the digestive organs and
peritoneum 60
47. Cancer of the respiratory system 5
48. Cancer of the uterus
8
49. Cancer of other female genital organs 3
50. Cancer of the breast 7
51. Cancer of the male genital organs 10
52. Cancer of the urinary organs 5
54. Cancer of the brain and other parts of the
central nervous system 3
55. Cancer of other and unspecified organs 8
56. Non-malignant tumors 1
III Rheumatism, Diseases of Nutrition and of the
Endocrine Glands, Other Diseases and Avitaminoses 22
58. Acute rheumatic fever 2
61. Diabetes mellitus 15
63. Diseases of the thyroid and parathyroid
glands 4
65. Diseases of the adrenal glands 1
IV Diseases of the Blood and Blood Forming Organs 2 73. Anemias 1
74. Leukemias and Aleukemias 1
VI Diseases of the Nervous System and Sense Organs 84
81. Meningitis (not due to meningococcus) 1
83a. Cerebral Hemorrhage or Effusion 71
83b. Cerebral embolism and thrombosis 6
83c. Cerebral softening 2
85. Epilepsy 3
87. Other diseases of the nervous system 1
VII Diseases of the Circulatory System 311
90. Pericarditis (except acute rheumatic) 2
91. Acute endocarditis 4
1
95
REPORT OF DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
92. Chronic affections of the valves and myocar- dium 8
93. Diseases of the myocardium 145
94. Diseases of the coronary arteries and angina pectoris 107
95. Other diseases of the heart 22
96. Aneurysm (except of the heart and aorta) 1
97 Arteriosclerosis 20
99. Other diseases of the arteries 1
102. High blood pressure 1
VIII Diseases of the Respiratory System
53
106. Bronchitis 2
107. Bronchopneumonia 23
108 Lobar pneumonia 20
109. Pneumonia (unspecified) 4
111. Hemorrhagic infarction, thrombosis, edema, and chronic congestion of the lungs 2
114. Other diseases of the respiratory system ...
2
IX Diseases of the Digestive System
32
115. Diseases of the buccal cavity, pharynx, ton- sils and adnexa 3
116. Diseases of the esophagus 1
117. Ulcer of the stomach or duodenum 4
118. Other diseases of the stomach 1
121. Appendicitis
122. Hernia and intestinal obstruction 2
3
124. Cirrhosis of the liver 11
126. Biliary calculi 2
127. Other diseases of the gall bladder and biliary ducts 2
128. Diseases of the pancreas 2
129. Peritonitis 1
X Diseases of the Genito-Urinary System 50
130. Acute nephritis 3
131. Chronic nephritis 42
132. Nephritis (unspecified) 1
133. Other diseases of the kidneys and ureters 1 137. Diseases of the prostate 2
139. Diseases of the female genital organs 1
XI Diseases of Pregnancy, Childbirth and the Puerperium 7
143. Hemorrhage of pregnancy 2
144. Toxemias of pregnancy 1
146. Hemorrhage of childbirth and the puerper- ium 1
147. Infection during childbirth and the puer- perium 2
149. Other accidents and specified conditions of childbirth 1
XIV Congenital Malformations 11
157. Congenital malformations 11
96 .
CITY OF QUINCY
XV Diseases Peculiar to the First Year of Life 33
159. Premature birth 23
160a. Intracranial or spinal hemorrhage 4
161a. Asphyxia, atelectasis 4
161c. Other diseases peculiar to the first year of life 2
XVII Violent or Accidental Deaths
75
163. Suicide by poisoning 1
164a. Suicide by hanging 3
164c. Suicide by firearms and explosives 3
164d. Suicide by cutting or piercing instruments 2
169. Railway accidents 1
170c. Motor vehicle accidents
8
176. Other accidents involving machinery 2
178. Accidental absorption of poison gas 1
179. Acute accidental poisoning by solids or liquids 3
180. Conflagration 27
181. Accidental burns (except conflagration) 2
183. Accidental drowning 3
186. Accidental injury by falling or crushing 10
193. Accidents due to electric currents 1
195. Other accidents 7
197. Death of civilians due to operations of war 1
XVIII Ill-defined and Unknown Cases 2 200a. Ill-defined 2
TABLE 2 Infants Deaths by Cause and Age, 1942 (Corrected for Residence)
Age
Under 1 day
1-6 days
7-13 days
14-20 days
21-29 days
Total under 1 month
1-6
7-11 months months
Total under 1 year
2. Paratyphoid Fever
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
107. Bronchopneumonia
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
108. Lobar Pneumonia
......
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
109. Pneumonia (unspecified)
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
157. Congenital Malformations
2
1
0
2
0
5
5
0
10
159. Premature Births
10
9
2
0
2
23
0
0
23
160a. Intracranial or Spinal Hemorrhage
0
4
0
0
0
4
0
0
4
161a. Asphyxia, Atelectasis
3
1
0
0
0
4
0
0
4
161c. Other Diseases peculiar to the first year of life
0
1
1
0
0
2
0
0
2
Total
15
16
4
2
2
39
8
1
48
REPORT OF DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
97
98
CITY OF QUINCY
TABLE 3 Resident Deaths by Age Groups
Deaths
Per Cent of Total
1942 1941 1940 1939 1938
1942
1941
1940
1939
1938
Under 1 year
48
47
35
34
44
5.7
6.3
4.8
4.5
5.9
1-4 years
8
5
6
8
13
.9
7
.8
1.1
1.7
5-9 years
.....
7
3
4
4
8
.8
.4
.5
.5
1.1
10-19 years
10
5
10
15
13
1.2
.7
1.4
2.0
1.7
20-29 years
33
16
21
16
26
4.0
2.1
2.9
2.1
3.4
30-39 years
39
28
27
25
29
4.7
3.7
3.7
3.3
3.9
40-49 years
67
59
76
78
60
8.0
7.9
10.4
10.4
8.0
50-59 years
113
98 104
98
121
13.6
13.1
14.3
13.1
16.1
60-69 years
.. 188 198 164 149 159
22.6
26.5
22.5
19.9
21.2
70-79 years
..
187 167 175 190 167
22.4
22.3
24.0
25.4
22.3
80-89 years
115 110
92 121 102
13.8
14.7
12.6
16.2
13.6
90 years
2.3
1.6
2.1
1.5
1.1
and over
...
19
12
15
11
8
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
TABLE 4 Births and Deaths with the Rates per 1,000 Population (Corrected for Residence)
Year
Births
Rate
Deaths
Rate
1933
1,163
15.9
748
10.2
1934
1,247
16,9
740
10.1
1935
1,109
15.0
731
9.9
1936
1,113
15.0
735
9.9
1937
1,121
15.0
777
10.4
1938
1,134
15.1
750
10.0
1939
1,117
14.8
749
9.9
1940
1,174
15.5
729
9.6
1941
1,398
18.3
748
9.8
1942
1,694
21.9
834
10.8
TABLE 5 Infant Deaths, Maternal Deaths, and Stillbirths (Corrected for Residence)
Infant Deaths
Maternal Deaths
Stillbirths
Year
Number
Rate
Number
Rate
Number
Rate
1933
55
47.3
9
7.6
24
20.6
1034
54
43.3
8
6.3
30
24.1
1935
40
36.1
8
7.1
24
21.6
1936
48
43.1
10
8.8
27
24.3
1937
41
36.6
6
5.2
28
25.0
1938
44
38.8
3
2.6
26
22.9
1939
34
30.5
1
.9
24
21.5
1940
35
29.8
2
1.7
20
17.1
1941
47
33.6
2
1.4
23
16.4
1942
48
28.3
7
4.1
28
16.5
..
..
..
..
..
834 748 729 749 750
Note-Infant death rates and stillbirth rates are per 1,000 live births. Maternal death rates are per 1,000 total births.
99
REPORT OF DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
REPORT OF DISPENSARY PHYSICIAN
January 1, 1943.
This being war time all deficiency diseases naturally increase but to offset this fact, Quincy being a large defense center, fam- ilies have profited financially and the family budget has allowed far more to spend. Hence there is better living and housing and more to spend for food and as a consequence better health and less Tuberculosis. Later on, Quincy, like other communities, will show more Tuberculosis. The State is already showing an in- crease and in the allied countries, especially France, the morbidity and mortality from Tuberculosis is appalling. Since entering the war many new cases are referred back for further study from the Army Induction Center. The majority of these cases show Tuber- culosis scars but are in a quiescent state and though not fit for army life many will carry on in civilian pursuits. This is a good procedure because we then find many cases that need further check-up to keep them from breaking down into active Tuberculosis.
During 1942 a new link in Tuberculosis control has been added by establishing a rehabilitation worker. The National Tubercu- losis Association approves and advises rehabilitation for every community. Of course this is logical, for otherwise we would turn back arrested cases to the community only to break down again with poor choice in work selection when restored to civilian life. Rehabilitation prevents this.
When a new case enters the sanatorium a trained social worker interviews this patient and while undergoing treatment he is taught new skills to replace previous unsuited occupational skills. Thus a mechanic, a shoe worker, or a factory worker, etc. may be taught white collar skills and less strenuous occupations. So without expense the patient is trained to earn a livelihood without jeopardizing his health. Supplementing this idea we are affiliated with the Rutland Trainee Center. Here, arrested cases are trained along special lines and restored to the community as self support- ing citizens. With your approval we are using this center to good advantage.
We receive reports from the center on the trainees and we are well satisfied with their progress. This center at Rutland does good work. It is under private control and receives part of its support from public subscription. The Quincy Tuberculosis and Health Association contributes substantially from its seal fund annually. Before approving this center we sent a committee to investigate and their report was very favorable and then our support was given. So today the cooperating Tuberculosis patient has a much brighter outlook than the Tuberculosis case in earlier times. Now his stay in the sanatorium is shortened by one half by operative procedures. He is retrained and readjusted to new and less hazard- ous occupational skills through social service training. His return to civilian life is hastened and much more assured to be self sup- porting by rehabilitation education. So the cooperation of the Social Service and the Rehabilitation Worker with the Dispensary Tuber- culosis Nurse in the follow up field, establish for better home condi- tions, quickly discovering active Tuberculosis cases and hospitalize
100
CITY OF QUINCY
the same, have contacts more quickly examined and give special worth while Tuberculosis education for the prevention of Tubercu- losis in the home.
In a word, through team work these three departments aid materially in Tuberculosis control. Thus the utter gloom and desolation caused by the white plague in the past is being rapidly replaced by newer and more promising treatment procedures in present day Tuberculosis control. Thus we may hopefully look forward to the control of one of the greatest scourges of history.
Children's Clinic and Camp Norfolk
The educational value of the children's clinics and Camp Norfolk will be considerably influenced by the war. Many counselors and supervisors and instructors have been absorbed in war work. Hence the attendance is curtailed. The same influence is felt in the school clinics. All three sources spread valuable education for Tuberculosis control to the families and will be noticeably inter- rupted for the duration. However, we hope to carry on during the emergency and intensify our efforts to accomplish our work.
During 1942 the Quincy Tuberculosis and Health Association has with other county T. B. organizations sponsored the establish- ment of a library at the Norfolk County Sanatorium. This pro- ject will add materially to the pleasure and comfort of the patient and enables them to spend their rest periods more profitably in- tellectually, and better their morale. Mr. Hill, our President, also the City Librarian, will be a great help in the selection of good books for the library.
The clinic statistics will be returned to you by Miss Russell.
I wish to thank you for your cordial spirit of cooperation during the year and Miss Russell for her splendid cooperation at the clinics. Also Mrs. Kelly who assisted at the Saturday morning clinics and Miss Coleman who assisted at various clinics during the year.
Respectfully submitted, C. J. LYNCH, M.D. Dispensary Physician.
101
REPORT OF DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
REPORT OF THE TUBERCULOSIS DISPENSARY NURSE
January 1, 1943.
I herewith submit to you my annual report for the year ending December 31, 1942.
Total number of all kinds of Tuberculosis in the city. .451
Pulmonary cases
416
Active pulmonary cases
125
Arrested pulmonary cases
267
Pneumothorax cases
24
Extra pulmonary cases
35
Childhood type cases (not reportable to State) 2
New cases of Tuberculosis reported during the year
65
Pulmonary cases 58
Extra pulmonary cases
4
Childhood type
2
Pleurisy with Effusion and hospitalized. 1
Disposition of New Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases:
Admitted to Norfolk County Hospital 39
Admitted to Rutland State Sanatorium 3
At home
8
Admitted to North Reading State Sanatorium. 2
Died at home
Waiting to be admitted
2
Disposition of New Childhood Type Cases :
At home under care of own physician 1
At home under dispensary clinic 1
Disposition of New Extra Pulmonary Cases : Report by death certificate 2
Admitted to Lakeville State Sanatorium 2
"Norfolk County Hospital"
Registration of patients at the end of the year. 61
Cases admitted during the year 55
Minimal Pulmonary cases admitted during the year. 55
Cases readmitted during the year. 6 Cases discharged during the year. 44
Cases admitted for observation period. 3
Condition of patients on discharge : Arrested Pulmonary T. B. 19
Pneumothorax case-on indefinite leave of absence to return to the hospital weekly for "refills" without charge
1
Dead 12
Observation cases discharged "Non-T. B." 2
Left before diagnosis was made. 1 Discharged for breach of discipline. 3 ..... Condition Unimproved Quiescent 1 ... 2
Left against advise-condition unimproved. 3 Left against advise-condition improved. 1 (This case was readmitted later)
102
CITY OF QUINCY
Pulmonary case on admittance, discharged Non T.B. ... 1 Pleurisy with effusion case discharged-Non-T.B. 1
Angina
"North Reading State Sanatorium"
Registration of patients at the end of the year. 1
Cases admitted during the year 3
Cases discharged during the year. 5
Condition of patients on discharge: Arrested Pulmonary Tuberculosis. 1
Childhood Type Tuberculosis "Arrested". 2 Diagnosis of Pulmonary revoked to "Non-T.B."-con- dition improved 2
"Lipoid Pneumonia"
"Lakeville State Sanatorium
Registration of patients at the end of the year. 5
Cases admitted during the year 3
Cases discharged during the year 2
Condition of patients on discharge :
T.B. Knee-"Arrested" 1
T.B. Spine-"Quiescent" 1 "Mass. State Hospital for Crippled Children"-Canton
T.B. Knee 1
"Deaths"
Total number of deaths during the year. 21
Pulmonary Tuberculosis 19
T.B. Meningitis 2
"Adult Clinic"
Attendance 224
New cases added to the clinic register. 68
Number of contacts examined 40
Number of sputum examinations made. 364
Patients X-rayed at Norfolk County Hospital. 172
Number of clinics held during the year. 51
"Undernourished and Contact Children's Clinic"
Attendance 437
New cases added to register 75
Number of contact examinations made. 60
Mantoux tests done 42
Negative
30
Positive
12
Children admitted to the Norfolk Preventorium for eight weeks during the summer 25
Referred for dentistry 3
Referred for T & A Operation 8
X-rayed at Norfolk County Hospital 24
Number of clinics held during the year. 50
103
REPORT OF DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Total number of visits to and in behalf of Tuberculosis patients 1148.
X-ray patients were transported to Norfolk County Hospital every Tuesday A. M.
Number of cases moved away and addresses forwarded to State .... 5 Am assisting at three well baby conferences a week.
Have taken office hours and made calls on communicable disease work when necessary; also assisted at T.A.T. clinics.
Respectfully submitted, GERTRUDE T. RUSSELL, R.N. Dispensary Nurse.
REPORT OF CHILD WELFARE PHYSICIAN
January 1, 1943.
The birth rate in Quincy still continues to rise-21.9 for 1942-as compared to 18.3 for 1941. Against the inevitable toll of lives in this war there is a crumb of comfort that the United States popu- lation took a jump upwards. The estimated increase in population up to January first of this year is about 50 per cent more than the annual rise between 1930 and 1940. With several million men in the armed forces, and many of them stationed in far parts of the world, there will probably be no increase in 1943.
The infant mortality was 28.3 (residents of Quincy only) as compared to 33.6 for 1941. Thirty-nine of the 48 infant deaths oc- curred under the age of one month-approximately 80%. Any further decrease in infant mortality can be most easily obtained by concentrating on pre-natal and obstetrical care. It is well to remember that a goodly number of deaths in the first month are due to unavoidable congenital defects. Fortunately a very high percentage of deliveries are in the hospital (98.4% ).
There were no deaths from Whooping Cough, Scarlet Fever, Diphtheria or Poliomyelitis. There was one death from Paraty- phoid. There were only two deaths among the 1,482 children regis- tered at the Well Baby Conferences. Both these deaths were from Pneumonia.
There has been a marked drop in attendance at the Well Baby Conferences. (From 4,181 visits to 2,966.) This is largely due to the following facts:
First, an increased income enables many more mothers to bring their babies to their own physician.
Second, many mothers are employed and have to depend on grandmothers to bring the baby to the conference (and grand- mother is not quite so energetic).
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