USA > Massachusetts > Suffolk County > Professional and industrial history of Suffolk County, Massachusetts, Volume II > Part 23
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The preliminary meetings of the original stockholders of the Union Bank were held in Concert Hall, corner of Court and Hanover streets,
231
BANKING INSTITUTIONS.
then and for many years afterward the leading fashionable resort for festive and other assemblages. The original officers and directors chosen in 1992 were as follows: President, Moses Gill; cashier, Alex- ander Hodgden ; directors, Benjamin Greene, Moses Gill, Samuel Brown, Nathaniel Fellows, William Smith, Joseph Blake, Samuel Blodgett, jr., Perez Morton, David Greene, Samuel Sewell, Samuel Phillips, and Samuel Salisbury. The bank began operations at its rooms on State street near its present location, 40 State street, on the first day of Oc- tober, 1192, one hundred years ago. In March, 1293, the Common- wealth subscribed $200,000 to the capital stock of the bank, and subse- quently $200,000 more, making the capital $1, 200,000. In 1813 the stock owned by the State was assigned to the bank, thus leaving the capital as before, $800,000. This amount was on October 1, 1850, in- creased $200,000, making the capital $1,000,000, at which amount it has since remained.
Following is a list of those who have served as president of the Union Bank with dates of service:
Moses Gill, October, 1292, to October, 1800, 8 years. Oliver Wendell. October, 1800, to October, 1812. 12
Samuel Brown, October, 1813, to October, 1819, 2
Thos. L. Winthrop, October, 1819, to October, 1834, 15
Samuel Fales, October, 1834, to October, 1846, 12 6.
Chester Adams, October, 1846, to May, 1855, 9
Thaddeus Nichols, October, 1855, to October, 1863, 8
George C. Richardson, October, 1863, to January, 1878, 15
Charles L. Young, January, 1878, to January, 1882, 4
George Whitney, January, 1882, to present time.
The cashiers have been as follows:
Alexander Hodgden, October, 1492, to July, 1495, 3 years. George Burroughs, July, 1195, to Dec., 1819, 21 Chester Adams, Dec., 1819, to October, 1846, 21
Lemuel Gulliver, October, 1846, to October, 1843, 27 6.
Aharin Trowbridge, October, 1843, to June,
1890, 17
Charles W. Gulliver, August, 1890, to Feb., 1892, 112 4
George H. Perkins, Feb., 1892, to present time.
Lemuel Gulliver was connected with the bank as discount clerk and cashier for thirty-five years, at the end of which time he resigned, when he was succeeded by Almarin Trowbridge, whose total period of serv-
232
SUFFOLK COUNTY.
ice in the bank as assistant clerk, bookkeeper and cashier covered the long term of fifty-four years. Charles W. Gulliver, who died February 15, 1892, was connected with the bank for twenty-five years, and George II. Perkins has served as teller and cashier for the same period. There have been only these bookkeepers in this bank during its century of existence. Nathaniel Nevins, who is still living, served in this capacity for fifty-six years.
The Union Bank was changed from a State bank by the adoption of the national bank system in 1865, since which it has been known as the National Union Bank. During the whole one hundred years of its ex- istence, including several wars and various financial panics, its total losses have been quite an insignificant sum, when we consider the large amount of its transactions and the crises through which it has passed. But few forgeries have been committed against it, and these were only for moderate amounts. It has never suspended specie payments ex- cept on those few occasions when all other American banks were com- pelled temporarily to suspend The most remarkable thing, however, during its existence is the fact that it has never passed a semi-annual dividend, having regularly paid two dividends cach year for the whole period, a very rare if not an unequaled record in the history of bank- ing institutions. For the first fifty years it averaged about 512 per cent. ; up to 1820 a fraction over 612 per cent., and since 1865 as a national bank its dividends have averaged a little over & per cent. on the par value of its stock.
The directors of the Union Bank for 1892 in order of length of serv- ice are as follows: Charles L. Young, George Dexter, Charles L. Peir- son, George Whitney, president, Samuel B. Dana, Joseph S. Kendall, Amory A. Lawrence, Nathaniel H. Emmons, and Edward W. Hooper.
The condition of the Union National Bank, as reported to the comp- troller of the currency, at the close of business, March 6, 1893, was as follows:
RESOURCES.
Loans and discounts. $2,285,119.81
Overdrafts, secured and unsecured 109.79
United States Bonds to secure circulation. 150,000.00 Stocks, securities, etc. 65,100.00
Due from approved reserve agents 183,506.59
Due from other National Banks. 211,778.24
Current expenses and taxes paid .. 11,321.75
Checks and other cash items 672.50
Exchanges for clearing-house
87,398.36
233
BANKING INSTITUTIONS.
Bills of other banks
20,870.00
Specie
131,311.77
Legal tender notes
38,500,00
Redemption fund with U. S. Treasurer (5 per cent of circulation)
6,750.00
Total
$3,192,436.81
I.IABILITIES.
Capital stock paid in
$1,000,000.00
Surplus fund
400,000.00
Undivided profits
236,942.89
National Bank notes outstanding
135,000.00
Dividends unpaid.
5,541.00
Individual deposits subject to check
1,332,619.63
Due to other National Banks.
310.69
Due to State Banks and bankers
82,022.60
Total
$3 192,436.81
OLD BOSTON NATIONAL BANK.
The Old Boston National Bank was incorporated as the The Boston Bank, March 5, 1803, the charter being signed by Governor Caleb Strong. The incorporators named in the act were John Codman, Theodore Lyman, James Lloyd, jr., Thomas H. Perkins, Thomas C. Amory and their associates. When the subscription books were closed upwards of $3,000,000 had been subscribed, and the stock was at once quoted at 110. The capital was $1,800,000, the Commonwealth of Mas- sachusetts being a stockholder for $600,000. It was stipulated that one-eighth part be appropriated to loans to be made to citizens of this Commonwealth, not residents of Boston, and that the directors should loan this sum wholly upon farms, which loans should be made in sums not less than $100, nor more than $500, upon the personal bond of the borrowers with collateral security by a mortgage of real estate. The treasurer of the Commonwealth was to be an er-officio director of the bank. During the organization of the bank the following were the officers: Jonathan Jackson, president; Peleg Coffin, cashier; Thomas C. Amory, Samuel P. Gardner, Joseph Hall, Peter C. Brooks, John Codman, Thomas K. Jones, James Lloyd, jr., James Perkins, Daniel Sargent, jr., Jonathan Mason, Adam Babcock, Jonathan Jackson, directors. These men ranked among the most prominent in the com- munity at the time for respectability and business capacity; and the bank, conservative from the first in its character, has continued in its
30
234
SUFFOLK COUNTY.
long line of successive directors always to number citizens of like standing and attributes.
The bank was authorized to commence business June 1, 1803, the charter to continue until the first Monday in October, 1812. The board of directors chosen June 1, 1803, were: Thomas C. Amory, Peter C. Brooks, Isaac P. Davis, Thomas K. Jones, Nathaniel O. Lee, James Lloyd, jr., Daniel Sargent, jr., William Sullivan, Stephen Higginson, jr., James Perkins, Jonathan Jackson, Adam Babcock. In February, 1817, the bank purchased the State's interest ($600,000), and reduced the capital to $1,200,000. The par value of the shares was originally $100, but in April, 1815, twenty-five per cent. was paid to the stock- holders, reducing the capital to $900,000, in shares of $75 each. April 1, 1830, one-third more was returned to the stockholders, making the capital $600,000, par $50. June 15, 1852, $300,000 was added to the capital, making it again $900,000, the present amount. In 1888 the par value of the shares was fixed at $100. The bank was re-chartered in October, 1812, and converted into a national bank in May, 1865. At that time the National Bank of Boston becoming a national banking institution, had taken the name of the Boston National Bank. The Boston Bank of 1803, to which the above name (Boston National) right- fully belonged, was under the circumstances obliged to take its present name, The Old Boston National Bank. The presidents of the bank, with their term of service, have been as follows: Jonathan Jackson, 1803 to 1810; John I. Apthorp, 1810 to 1829; Phineas Upham, 1829 to 1836; Robert T. Shaw, 1836 to 1841; Robert Hooper, 1841 to 1866; James C. Wild, 1866 to 1826; H. W. Pickering, 1826 to 1891; Horatio G. Curtis, 1891 to present time. The cashiers have been Peleg Coffin, 1803, who during the same year was succeeded by Joseph Chapman, who served until 1831. Succeeding Chapman have been the following, with term of service: James C. Wild, 1831 to 1866; Joseph G. Gunder- son, 1866 to 1869; Frederick L. Church, 1869 to 1882; Chester L. Stod- dard, 1884 to present time. Robert Lash was the oldest officer of the bank at the time of his death, October 2, 1863, at the age of eighty- four. He had served the bank for over sixty years, commencing as messenger in 1803. He was chosen cashier in 1831, but declined the office. Joseph Chapman was officially connected with the bank for twenty-eight years, and James C. Wild was in service for fifty-six years, having been chosen bookkeeper in 1820, cashier 1831, and president in 1866. Among the directors at different times, besides the original
235
BANKING INSTITUTIONS.
board, were: William Pratt, William Pickering, David Tilden, Jona- than Amory, jr., Ebenezer Francis, Benjamin Austin, Harrison Gray Otis, Nathan Appleton, Timothy Williams, Robert G. Shaw, Josiah Bradlee, David Sears, Thomas Wigglesworth, Samuel Cabot, William J. Loring, Jonathan Prince, jr., David Bradlee, Joseph Lee, Epes Sar- gent, Russell Sturgis, Thomas Melville, Israel Thorndike, Gardiner Greene, Joseph Coolidge, Thomas B. Curtis, George W. Lyman. Rich- ard D. Tucker, Daniel C. Bacon, Henry Upham, F. H. Bradlee, J. I. Bowditch, J. C. Howe, Charles Horner, Daniel S. Curtis, William T. Ballard, George R. Minot, J. Thomas Stevenson and G. Howland Shaw. The board of directors for 1892 is composed of Arthur Amory, Fran- cis Cabot, Edward N. Fenno, 11. W. Pickering, M. R. Wendell, Thomas T. Bouvé, Louis Curtis, George S. Hale, John O. Poor and Horatio G. Curtis.
When the Boston Bank went into operation in 1803 it was located in the building then held by the old United States Branch Bank in State street, now occupied by the Exchange Building. In July, 1803, the Boston Bank purchased the estate of Christopher Marshall, in State street, now numbered 50 State street, and there erected its first build- ing, and moved into it in September, 1804. Here it has, with short intervals for rebuilding, been located ever since.
The condition of the Old Boston National Bank, as made to the comptroller of the currency at the close of business, March 6, 1893, was as follows:
RESOURCES.
Loans and discounts
$1,766,451 10
U. S. Bonds to secure circulation 310,000 00
Stocks, certificates, etc. 76,162 08
Due from approved reserve agents.
302,887 18
Due from other National Banks
103,897 18
Current expenses and taxes paid.
17,502 61
Premiums paid on U. S. bonds
47,522 39
Checks and other cash items
2,112 43
Exchanges for clearing-house.
155.324 30
Bills of other banks.
5,329 00
Fractional paper currency, nickels and cents
165 00
Specie.
117,527 00
Legal tender notes
27,395 00
Redemption fund with U. S. Treasurer (5 per cent. circulation)
12.825 00
Total
$2,945,100 27
236
SUFFOLK COUNTY.
LIABILITIES.
Capital stock paid in
$ 900,000 00
Surplus fund.
250,000 00
Undivided profits 70,466 62
National Bank notes outstanding
276,590 00
Dividends unpaid 542 00
Individual deposits subject to check
1,142,674 67
Demand certificates of deposit
15,081 50
Due to approved reserve agents
167,760 40
Due to State Bank and bankers
121,976 08
Total.
$2,945,100 27
STATE NATIONAL BANK.
The State Bank had its origin in partisan predilections, to a consid- able degree. We have already seen that the first bank of the United States founded in 1991 under the auspices of Alexander Hamilton, Fed- eralist, had been sustained by his adherents and opposed by followers of Jefferson, whose Democratic influence prevented its re-charter. During the three years of 1810. 1811 and 1812, after the winding up of the United States Bank, forty-one new State banks were chartered, and of these the State Bank of Boston was one. Its anti-Federalist sup- porters claimed its existence was necessary as Democrats could not get proper accommodations at the older banks of Boston.
The charter of the State Bank was granted by the Massachusetts General Court and approved by the governor June 22, 1811. The first section of the charter provided that William Gray, Henry Dearborn, David Tilden, Russell Sturgis, John Brazer, David Townsend and their associates, should be created a corporation by the name of the Presi- dent, Directors and Company of the State Bank, to so continne for twenty years from October 1, 1811. The provisions of its charter were very rigid, and especially so in regard to specie payments. It was on the eve of that trying period when specie payments were almost univer- sally suspended throughout the country and when even the most tempting offers from the general government proved no match for the political predjudices of many eastern capitalists. Party animosity proved stronger than motives of pecuniary interest, a fact which re- calls a saucy political distich in vogue in those days :.
" The Democrats are wicked rats, that run about the town;
The Federalists take up their fists and knock the codgers down!"
4
231
BANKING INSTITUTIONS.
The original capital of the State Bank was $3,000,000 divided into 30,000 shares of $100 each. Among the original subseribers to this stock, with number of shares taken, were:
Nathaniel Ames, 30
Amos Binney.
Solomon Allen,
356
Curtis Barnes, 85
Samuel Adams,
8
William Bridge, 40
John Adams, 15
Clementine Beach, 40
Ebenezer T. Andrews, .
Jacob W. Brewster, 24
Ebenezer Appleton,
20
Daniel Baxter. 69
William Adams,
34
William Basson, 40
Josiah Bryant,
Samuel Billings 63
Jotham Barnes, 44
John Brazer, 273
James Barker, 22
Joseph Baxter, 33
Benjamin Bangs,
55
David W. Child, 155
William M. Boyd.
50
John S. Craft, _ 100
Samuel 11. Babcock,
40
Daniel Coney,
100
Ezra A. Bourne,
179
Charles Cleveland,
97
George Bates, ..
72
lIenry Cabot,
51
Richard Briggs,
45
Allen Crocker,
234
Benjamin Bussey, 50
Thomas Cushing. 55
John & Joseph Ballard & Co
130
Charles De Wolfe,
204
Dominicus Cutts,
120
John Pitman Clarke,
341
Richard Cutts, . 100
Samuel Dana, 215
Joshua Coffin
62
Elizabeth Dorr, 61
Samuel Dexter,
65
Nathaniel Frothingham, 45
Thomas Eaton,
27
James G. Dana, 50
On Thursday August 29, 1811, the stockholders of the State Bank inet in the United States Court Rooms (in the Old Court House), when the following committee was chosen to establish regulations, by-laws, etc., for the bank: William Gray, Henry Dearborn, David Tilden, Russell Sturgis, John Brazer, David Townsend, Perez Morton, Samuel Dana, James Prince, Aaron Hill, Jesse Putman, George Blake, Benja- min Austin, Capt. Amos Binney, Major Amasa Stetson, Nathan Willis, Merrill Rice, Thomas Shepherd and Moses Carleton. At a subsequent meeting, held September 23, the following officers were elected: Presi- dent, William Gray; cashier, John P. Clarke; directors: William Gray, Henry Dearborn, Jesse Putman, Mathew Bridge, James Prince, David Tilden, William Ward, George Blake, David Townsend, Samuel Dana, Amasa Stetson and William Munroe.
'The State Bank began operations November 11, 1811, in the building owned by the Branch Bank of the United States. In September, 1812, the bank bought this property for $10,500. The original building
238
SUFFOLK COUNTY.
erected, for the State Bank stood on this estate. It is the site now occupied by the present Exchange Building between Congress and Kilby streets, on the south side of State street. A small and well executed eut of the old structure is in existence and shows a pretty two story edifice, a clapboarded frame building. It had seven front windows and three central entrances from State street. It had two one- story wings, each of which had a broad gateway for carriages, and lead- ing to a spacious courtyard in the rear. The building was surrounded by a balustrade around the roof and had a mammoth American eagle and shield at the center of the front roof. The vacant land after the building was taken down about fifty years ago was used for a test trial of fire proof safes, then beginning to come into use.
The history of the State Bank has been fraught with features of peculiar interest, not the least of which was the great and timely sup- port it gave, with its unusually large capital of $3,000,000, to the Fed- eral government during the troubled times and great distress through- out, and for some years after, the War of 1812. The following inter- esting letter bearing upon this subject, during the early period of the war, was written by William Gray, president of the State Bank, and then the prince of Boston merchants and ship owners, to Albert Gallatin, secretary of the treasury at Washington:
BosTox, May 19, 1812.
SIR,-I had the honor of receiving your letter of the 4th instant, and laid the same before the board of directors of this institution for advisement. They instruct me to reply that they are willing to advance the amount of $500,000, which they had assented to loan to the United States directly, and pass the same to the credit of the treasurer, and to his depositure at this bank; to be reimbursed on half of the amount loaned at the expiration of one, and the residue at the expiration of two years, from the time this property may be accepted and the money advanced. The interest to be paid quarterly. Although the period of reimbursements are fixed, yet the board of directors wish it may be understood that, should the government desire, and the funds of the institution permit, an extension of credit shall be afforded at either of the periods of reimbursement.
I have the honor to be, sir, with great respect,
Your very humble servant, (Signed) WILLIAM GRAY.
To Hon. Albert Gallatin, Secretary of the Treasury, Washington.
Subsequent to this first loan mentioned in Mr. Gray's letter, frequent loans were made to the government within the next two or three years. By the 12th of August, 1814, from a report made by a committee to consider the affairs of the bank relative to its connection with the
239
BANKING INSTITUTIONS.
United States treasurer, it appears that the total amount the bank had loaned the government reached the large sum of $4,600,000. These loans were made when the government was in much distress for money. The collection of these liberal grants on the part of the bank, how- ever, was a source of much trouble, and covered a period of several years, during which the bank was unjustly made to suffer. Its liberal and patriotic purpose at a critical period of our national history was treated with undeserved ingratitude.
The first president of the State Bank, the eminent merchant and well beloved citizen, William Gray, 1 served from September 23, 1811, to October 2, 1815. His successors have been as follows: William Ward, from October 2, 1815, to October 6, 1823; George Hallett, pres- ident pro tem., October 8 to October 30, 1823; Ezra A. Bourne, October 30, 1823, to June 25, 1841 ; Thomas P. Cushing, president pro tem., June 25, 1841, to August 2, 1841; Samuel Frothingham, August 2, 1841, to August 23. 1852: George Howe, pro tem., August 23, 1852, to July t, 1853; Samuel Frothingham, July 2, 1853, to November 8, 1858; George Howe, November 8, 1858, to November 2. 1859; James MeGregor, November :. 1859, to January 8, 1861; Amos W. Stetson, January 8, 1861, to December 1, 1890; Samuel N. Aldrich, December 15, 1890, to the present time. Mr. Aldrich was appointed by President Cleveland, United States assistant treasurer early in 188;, which position he re- signed to accept the presidency of the bank. He is a lawyer by pro- fession, and previous to his appointment by President Cleveland was engaged in practice in Boston.
The cashiers have been: John Pitman Clarke, September 23, 1811, to January 20, 1814; Thomas Harris, January 20, 1811, to June 12. 18!1; Samuel Frothingham, June 17, 1814, to December, 1816; George laner, December 9, 1816, to March 13, 1836; Jonathan Call. March 21. 1831, to February 21, 1851; George Atkinson, March 4, 1851, to
I Mr. Gray was born at Lynn, June 27, 1750, and died at Boston. November 25, 1825. At the time of his death he had the reputation of being the largest ship owner in America. He was the owner at one time of sixty square rigged vessels, and had attained the highest mercantile eminence. After serving in the State Legislature he was elected lieutenant-governor on the ticket with El- bridge Gerry in 1810. He was a Democrat in polities, sustaining the embargo, notwithstanding it inflicted heavy loss upon him. He lived in Summer street in a house afterwards occupied by Gover- nor Sullivan. He was a man of practical benevolence. He aided the government largely in :812, and it is said but for him the Constitution would not have got to sea and electrified the nation by her cx- ploits. Mr. Gray was also the first president of the State Bank, the first Democratic institution that obtained a charter in Massachusetts. After the Treaty of Ghent, Mr. Gray presi le I over a public dinner given to John Quincy Adams, at which the venerable patriarch, John Adams, was president. - Drake's Lanamark. of Boston.
240
SUFFOLK COUNTY.
September 16, 1853; James Sivret, September 12, 1853, to July, 1861; C. II. Smith, August 1, 1861, to March 2, 1864; C. B. Patten, March 11, 1864, to May 22, 1886, and George B. Warren, May 21, 1886, to the present time.
Amos W. Stetson, previous to his election as president of the bank, had been a director and a member of the well-known house of Ather- ton, Stetson & Co. He is a son of Caleb Stetson, for a long time pres- ident of the Shoe and Leather Bank. He is an able writer upon finan- cial subjects, and in 1864 published a volume entitled "Our National Debt and Currency, or the Age of Greenbacks," a treatise which at- tracted much attention at the time.
C. B. Patten, cashier for twenty-one years, had been for eighteen years before connected with the Suffolk Bank, and was with it when its largest scale of business was in operation, and when it employed one hundred clerks in connection with the arduous duties of the Suffolk Bank system.
The original capital of the State Bank was reduced to $1,800,000 on March 1, 1812, and increased to $2,000,000 in 1865, in which year the bank was reorganized under the National Bank act, under its present title of the State National Bank. Its board of directors for 1892 is as follows: Amos W. Stetson, Henry C. Weston, Henry R. Reed, John L. Brewer, William H. Allen, Frederic Amory, Charles U. Cotting, Henry A. Gowing and Samuel N. Aldrich.
This bank has been eminently a conservative institution, and its div- idends reflect credit upon the wisdom of its management. Its history is fraught with incidents that savor of the romantic, and with matters of high financial importance.
The condition of the State National Bank, as made to the comp- troller of the currency at the close of business, March 6, 1893, was as follows:
RESOURCES.
Loans and discounts $3,934,870.27
Overdrafts 302.60
U. S. Bonds to secure circulation 50,000.00
Due from approved reserve agents 296,263.57
Due from other National Banks 139,318,81
Current expenses and taxes paid 12,824.60
Checks and other cash items
620.67
Exchanges for clearing-house
126,125.91
Bills of other banks 11,213.00
Fractional paper currency, nickels and cents 43.60
241
BANKING INSTITUTIONS.
Specie 176,330.00
Legal tender notes
19,012.00
Redemption fund with t'. S. treasurer (5 per cent. of circulation)
2,250.00
Due from U. S. treasurer, other than 5 per cent. redemption fund
18,700.00
Total
$1, 788, 405.03
LIABILITIES.
Capital stock paid in.
$2,000,000.00
Surplus fund.
-100,000.00
Undivided profits.
194, 197.77
National Bank notes outstanding
45,000.00
Dividends unpaid
5,294.50
Individual deposits subject to check
1,827,452.05
Demand certificates of deposit.
24,113.11
Certified checks
29,000.00
Due to other National Banks
173,335.37
Due to State Banks and bankers
89,961.93
Total
.$4.788,405.03
NEW ENGLAND NATIONAL BANK.
The New England Bank was the fifth established in Boston and was chartered June 16, 1813. The bill to incorporate it passed the House (Timothy Bigelow, speaker) and the Senate (John Phillips, president) June 15, 1813; was approved by Governor Caleb Strong, June 16, 1813, and four days later was attested by Alden Bradford, secretary of state. The following prominent citizens were created a corporation by the name of the President, Directors and Company of the New Eng- land Bank: John Gore, Samuel May, Robert G. Shaw, Edward Blake, jr., Samuel Dorr, Nathaniel R. Sturgis, George Lyman, David Greenough, Samuel Cabot, jr., Francis Lee, Allan Melville, Edward Motley, Ebenezer Appleton, David Ilinckley, John Wood, Samuel G. Williams, Daniel P. Parker, James S. Colburn, Israel Munson, Thomas K. Thomas, John Bumstead, William Gill, Henry Bassett. jr., Benjamin Rich, John Bryant, Henry G. Rice, Enoch Bartlett, William S. Shaw, Thomas Cushing, Richard D. Tucker, William Sturgis, Pat- rick T. Jackson, Francis C. Lowell, William Ropes, Francis Welch, Asaph Stone, Thomas Cordis, Phineas Upham, Charles Barrett, Ben- jamin Watson, and their associates.
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