USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Somerville > Report of the city of Somerville 1913 > Part 10
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218
days
1,544 16
Note No. 174, 232 days
290 00
Notes Nos. 175-180, 227 days
1,770 60
Note No. 163, 7 months, 21 days .
2,310 00
Notes N.os. 189-199, 314
days . . 5,647 64
Notes Nos. 200-211, 254 days ·
3,704 16
Notes Nos. 212-213, 249 days
1,642 70
Note No. 214, 265 days
2,027 00
26,950 99
$93,104 74
Refund: Accrued interest on bond issues, 1913 ? ? .
2,099 44
$91,005 30
$54,022 50
1914
1,792 50
days
days
DEBIT.
141
APPENDIX TO TREASURER AND COLLECTOR'S REPORT.
Memorandum of Total Payments of Interest, 1913.
Interest on Temporary Loans
$26,950 99
Interest on City Bonds :- City, Sewer, etc.
$62,554 31
Water
1,500 00
64,054 31
Interest on Metropolitan Assessments :- (See Commonwealth of Massachusetts account.)
Metropolitan Sewers
$29,138 47
Metropolitan Parks
13,465 99
Charles River Basin
.
.
2,729 77
Alewife Brook
472 50
Metropolitan Water Assessment . 70,206 83
116,013 56
Interest on State Assessments :-- (See Commonwealth of Massachusetts account.) Abolition of Grade Crossings .
2,737 08
$209,755 94
Reduction of Funded Debt.
CREDIT.
Balance from 1912 .
$5,848 20
Appropriation
210,151 80
Bonds)
6,000 00
Cash, received premium on bonds
1,836 90
$223,836 90
Balance to credit of account, 1914 .
1,836 90
$222,000 00
DEBIT. (Expenditures.)
Cash, paid bonds maturing in 1913
$222,000 00
Memorandum of Total Payments on Account of Debt, 1913.
Water Bonds
City Loan, Sewer, etc.
On account of Metropolitan District Debt :- (See Commonwealth of Massachusetts account.)
Metropolitan Sewers
$15,673 40
Metropolitan Parks
4,776 96
Charles River Basin
200 64
Alewife Brook
750 00
Metropolitan Water Assessment . .
25,422 86
46,823 86
On account of State Assessment :- (See Commonwealth of Massachusetts account.) Abolition of Grade Crossings
9,354 19
$278,178 05
.
.
$6,000 00 216,000 00
Water Works Income, amount appropriated (Water ·
142
ANNUAL REPORTS.
PUBLIC SERVICE ENTERPRISES.
Water Maintenance.
CREDIT.
Appropriation
$37,000 00
Water Works Extension account, amount transferred .
2,500 00
$39,500 00
Excess and Deficiency account, balance transferred . 1,015 35
$38,484 65
DEBIT. (Expenditures.)
Cash, paid laborers .
$20,754 92
Frank E. Merrill, salary as water com-
missioner
2,300 00
disbursements. and auto nse .
385 43
Marion L .. Morrison. assistant
444 18
Josephine M. Sander, assistant
618 32
Lula E. Chapman, clerical services .
264 50
Annie F. Cammick, clerical services
170 67
Mary L. Murray, clerical services
158 00
Elsie Goddard, clerical services
104 00
Annie E. Holton, clerical services .
30 00
J. Madeline Coy, clerical services
.
24 00
Charles R. Hildred, forenian assistant
1,031 85
Harvey W. King, pension .
385 05
Richard Whalen, pension
81 12
Andrew McCaffrey, pension
65 34
Thomas McNeill, flushing streets.
74 50
Ames Implement & Seed Co., axle
30
American Express Co., expressing
7 94
Town of Arlington, pipe
254 88
American Belting & Tanning Co., leather,
5 85
American Steam Gauge & Valve Mfg. Co., gauge 1 76
William C. Abbott, automobile .
500 00
Ashton Valve Co., gauge, etc. .
4 70
Aquaphone Co., aquaphones
10 32
Boston & Maine Railroad, freight
563 45
Estate of D. J. Bennett, harness repairs .
22 15
Braman, Dow & Co., service fittings
711 65
Boston Bolt & Iron Co., bolts .
3 35
Harold L. Bond Co., packing and tools,
84 15
J. A. Bremner & Co., paste, etc.
80
Builders' Iron Foundry, casting
735 75
Beyer & MacDonald, electric fittings
6 18
W. B. Brown & Co., dust covers
1 00
George R. Bascom, wind shield, etc.
21 31
Thomas D. Bennett, harness repairs .
16 95
Boston Belting Co., hose .
12 56
W. H. Broderick, M. D C., veterinary services
10 00
Boice-Perrine Co., electrical supplies ·
7 32
Chadwick-Boston Lead Co., lead pipe .
1,214 14
Amount carried forward .
$31,238 39
clamps
Lillian E. Leavitt, assistant ·
150 00
143
APPENDIX TO TREASURER AND COLLECTOR'S REPORT.
Amount brought forward
$31,238 39
Carter's Ink Co., ink . 1 25
Cotter & Son, expressing
25
Earl C. Combie, disbursements
5 35
Joseph Cox, repairing .
4 75
J. E. Cross, stamping-pads .
1 55
Chandler & Farquhar co., tubing, etc.
15 34
Chapman Valve Mfg. Co., valves
145 53
Cut Price Auto Supply Co., tires
12 03
Cornelius Callahan Co., gate valve .
10 15
William E. Copithorne, disbursements
3 75
Cotter's Express, expressing
3 50
Dusseault Bros., expressing
50
H. J. Dallman Co., wire brushes
7 89
L. T. DeCelles, labor .
39 10
Julian D'Este Co., brass, etc.
14
Neils A. Dolleris & Son Co., tanks
9 25
Michael F. Davis, settlement
5 37
Davenport-Brown Co., boxes
14 40
William J. Daley, adjustment
60
Edson Mfg. Co., pump repairs
31 34
J. H. Edwards, blacksmithing
220 90
The Elliott Co., stencil blanks, etc.
12 93
Edison Electric Illuminating Co., lamps
80
Enterprise Rubber Co., rubber mits .
3 67
Eisner-Lenk Co., magnets, and repairs
4 15
John Fisher, fittings
90
Firestone Tire & Rubber Co., tires .
11 96
Agnes M. Fitzmaurice, services
3 00
Fisk Rubber Co., tires
121 91
Seth W. Fuller Co., coil repairs
1 20
Fresh Pond Ice Co., ice .
139 75
James H. Fannon, sand and blocks
50
Glines & Co., expressing .
2 05
B. F. Goodrich Co., tires .
265 01
Gilman Express Co., expressing
39 69
Green & Swett Co., oils .
58 52
George W. Gale Lumber Co., lumber
18 14
F. W. Gilbert, rubber boots
27 00
Gulf Refining Co., kerosene
38 70
Charles R. Gow Co .. labor
146 10
W. A. Greenough & Co., directory
4 00
Globe Gas Light Co., torches .
7 10
A. C. Gordon, lettering
4 00
Gould Mfg. Co., washers
15
William F. Hitchings, veterinary vices
ser-
16 00
Holtzer-Cabot Electric Co., dial sheets
1 76
Hersey Mfg. Co., meter parts
24 17
Freeman B. Horsman, claim
·
40 00
Highland Coal Co., slab wood .
44 50
William S. Howe, galvanized iron .
.
4 25
Hill-Michie Co., batteries .
13 82
International Harvester Co., truck .
repairs to
231 00
Ideal Supply Co., pipe .
7 78
J. A. Kiley, wagon, and auto top
112 44
Lombard & Co., grindstone
4 76
Amount carried forward
$33,280 04
144
ANNUAL REPORTS.
Amount brought forward . .
$33,280 04
R. S. Lombard, oats . 25 50
E. Linegar & Co., vulcanizer . 15 30
Ludlow Valve Mfg. Co., valves .
36 50
Leavis' & Doherty, plumbing
12 00
George W. Ladd, blacksmithing
203 65
Lead Lined Iron Pipe Co., pipe fittings
and
1,703 05
Lord & Webster, hay .
243 93
Library Bureau, cards
20 14
T. E. Littlefield, lumber
142 55
C. W. Lerned Co., disinfectant .
31 45
W. J. Mythen & Co., repairing wind shields 5 50
Martin & Wocd, sharpening tools .
9 77
Mabel H. Murphy, damages
30 47
H. Mueller Mfg. Co., service fittings .
412 55
Malden Center Garage, burner . .
15 00
Neptune Meter Co., meters
539 00
National Meter Co., meter parts
17 38
New England Telephone & Telegraph Co., service 189 68
M. Norton & Co., rubber goods
42 40
New England Towel Supply Co., use of towels
5 40
Norwood Engineering Co., hydrants
282 11
Fulton O'Brion, oats .
32 25
W. E. Plumer & Co., hardware and tools,
68 39
Proctor Bros. Grain Co., grain . ·
223 69
Perrin, Seamans & Co., shovels, picks, etc.
79 54
Phelps Bros., hay
22 16
George G. Page Co, meter boxes . ·
35 00
Joseph Palmer, automobile repairs .
15 35
Perry's Prescription Pharmacy, drugs
3 25
Pyrene Co., pyrene liquid .
90
Rensselaer Valve Co., valves and hy- drants
876 20
John B. Rufer, shoeing
15 65
Somerville Post Office, postage
604 82
Somerville Industrial School for machine work
Boys,
2 00
Standard Oil Co., gasoline .
48 00
Somerville Iron Foundry, castings
538 86
Somerville Journal Co., printing
349 60
E. S. Sparrow & Co., tools
28 89
Standard Cast Iron Pipe & Foundry Co., pipe and fittings 4,317 80
Stanley Motor Carriage Co., repairs
345 89
Scott & Tinglof, oak rings
8 40
Frederick W. Shepperd, subscription
3 00
L. C. Smith & Bros., typewriter
70 05
Somerville Publishing Co., printing
.
10 50
Sanborn Map Co., map corrections .
10 50
Howard B. Sawyer Oil Co., oil .
15 60
Simpson Bros. Corporation, repairs .
39 40
F. E. Saunders, auto-vehicle .
260 00
Amount carried forward
$45,289 06
·
145
APPENDIX TO TREASURER AND COLLECTOR'S REPORT.
Amount brought forward
$45,289 06
Stewart-Warner Speedometer Corpora-
tion, automobile repairs . 7 75
William J. Thompson & Co., salt
2 60
The Texas Co., gasoline
1,236 80
Fred J. Thomsen, disbursements
18 15
Thomson Meter Co., meters
2,717 88
Thorpe's Express, expressing
15
Turner & Co., envelopes
66 15
Thompson-Durkee Co., bubbler tips .
13 00
Transo Paper Co., envelopes
22 50
Underhill Hardware Co., tools .
91 98
Union Water Meter Co., meters service fittings
and
1,047 98
\V. H. Vinton, washers
2 00
R. D. Wood & Co., hydrants .
280 42
Frederick B. Witherly, castings .
70 00
A. J. Wilkinson & Co., tools, etc.
62 95
Samuel Ward Co., office supplies
121 06
Waldo Bros., pipe and cement
122 41
Walworth Mfg. Co., service fittings
102 01
Henry R. Worthington, meters .
1,894 05
Webber Washer Co., washers .
6 00
Wetmore-Savage Co., batteries, etc.
77 64
R. Woodman Mfg. & Supply Co., sealing wire
15 19
Wilkins Press, books
13 08
Wadsworth, Howland & Co., lacquer
35
Water Works Equipment Co., detector
15 00
Warren Bros. Co., paving .
27 09
Winter Hill Ice Co., ice .
, 00
A. M. Wood Co., lumber .
3 71
C. L. York Co., teaming .
58 93
$53,394 89
Highways Maintenance account, crushed
stone
34 29
$53,429 18
Service Transfers, from sundry accounts . 14,944 53
$38,484 65
Water Works Extension.
CREDIT.
Appropriation
$25,000 00
Amounts transferred to the following accounts :-
Highways, Street Cleaning $1,000 00
2,500 00
3,500 00
Excess and Deficiency account, balance transferred .
1,275 56
Water Maintenance
$21,500 00
$20,224 44
146
ANNUAL REPORTS.
DEBIT. (Expenditures.)
Cash, paid laborers $6,255 37 Water Maintenance account, stock, teaming, tools, etc. 14,077 33
$20,332 70
Service Transfer. from Playgrounds Ex- tension account 108 26
$20,224 44
Water Works, Refunds of Water Charges.
DEBIT. (Expenditures.)
Cash, paid sundry persons, money refunded $245 27
Cash Refunds: water charges
245 27
(See Revenue, Table E.)
Public Buildings Department, Maintenance Water Buildings.
CREDIT.
Appropriation
Commissioner Public Buildings account, amount trans-
27 52
ferred
$1,072 48
Excess and Deficiency account, balance transferred . 83 13
$989 35
DEBIT. (Expenditures.)
Cash, paid labor $39 00
F. C. Aver, lumber
1 32
Boston Belting Co, linen hose .
26 70
Charlestown Gas & Electric Co., gas
23 20
C. W. Cahalan, plumbing
379 29
Davenport-Brown Co., wood work
3 60
Edison Electric Illuminating Co., lighting,
238 30
Glines & Co .. expressing
40
Charles F. Mills, carpentering
24 00
George W. Manning, labor on flag pole .
4 75
Pittsburg Plate Glass Co., glass
47
W. E. Plumer & Co., hardware
45
George L .. Robinson, painting .
4 00
John B. Bufer, bolts
8 10
John M. Woods & Co., lumber
39 90
Wellington-Wild Coal Co., fuel .
192 87
$989 35
Revenue and Receipts Used for Expenses, 1913.
Assessed under $12 limit
$834,519 96
Assessed for Municipal Indebtedness
300,151 80
City Tax .
$1,134,671 76 ·
From Corporation Taxes, City Departments, etc.
448,131 62
Amount carried forward .
$1,582,803 38
·
.
$1,100 00
-
141
APPENDIX TO TREASURER AND COLLECTOR'S REPORT.
Amount brought forward
$1,582,803 38
Insurance, Girls' Industrial School
40 00
Excess and Deficiency balance from 1912 .
13,419 70
Reduction of Funded Debt, balance from 1912. 5,848 20
Municipal Loan
60,000 00
$1,662,111 28
Expenditures, Maintenance.
General Government
$77,931 39
Protection of Life and Property .
240,190 70
Health and Sanitation
155,861 29
Highways
122,761 72
Charities
40,109 31
Soldiers' Benefits
37,655 49
Education
428,334 96
Libraries .
42,525 80
Recreation
17,020 75
Unclassified
1,883 16
City Bonds .
$216,000 00
Water Bonds
6,000 00
Interest Bonds
64,054 31
Interest on Temp-
orary Loans
26,950 99
Indebtedness
$313,005 30
Less Water Bonds $6,000 00 Water Interest 1,500 00
7,500 00
Water Works, including bonds and inter- est
183,519 32
$1,653,299 19
Transferred from School Teachers' Sala- ries to High School, Furnishing and Equipment (Funded Debt account) . 1,040 00
$1,654,339 19
Balance to credit of Excess and Deficiency,
7,772 09
$1,662,111 28
$1,662,111 28
NON-REVENUE ACCOUNTS. Receipts.
Funded Debt accounts :- Balance to credit December 31, 1912 .
$181,175 46
Loan of April 1
$135,000 00
Loan of July 1 $87,000 00 Less credited Maintenance accounts 60,000 00
27,000 00
162,000 00
Amount carried forward
.
$343,175 46
305,505 30
148
ANNUAL REPORTS.
Amount brought forward
.
Premium on bonds
Offsets credit back . Less refunds in above .
1,085 25
Transferred from School Teachers' Salaries
1,040 00
Gifts, Carnegie Corporation .
75,000 00
Assessments levied :----
Highway Betterment .
$7,135 45
Sidewalk
18,198 89
Sewer
.
Abatement on Sidewalk Assessment .
16 76
27,033 79
$449,262 01
Expenditures.
Protection of Life and Property
$17,432 75
Health and Sanitation
26,666 08
Highways
84,990 95
Charities
120 10
Education
156,997 25
Libraries
90,570 22
Recreation
1,698 73
Balance Funded Debt accounts to 1914
$68,949.03
Balance Reduction of Funded Debt account
to 1914
1,836 90
70,785 93
!
$449,262 01
TRUST FUNDS. Public Trust Fund, Income.
Public Library, to credit December 31, 1912, $384 29
From investments .
630 96
Public School, to credit December 31, 1912. 125 00
From investments
100 00
$1,240 25
Expenditures.
Public Library
$933 36
Public School
20 00
Balance to 1913, Public Library
81 89
Balance to 1913, Public School
205 00
$1.240 25
Private Trust Funds.
Overplus on Tax Sales, December 31, 1912, balance
$118 13
Sundry Persons, December 31, 1912, bal-
719 56
ance
Received Guarantee Deposits
1,500 00
Received Redemption of Tax Liens
1,399 37
$343,175 46 1,836 90
$2,261 11
1,175 86
1,716 21
$27,050 55
·
$378,476 08
1
.
$3,737 06
149
APPENDIX TO TREASURER AND COLLECTOR'S REPORT.
Expenditures.
Sundry Persons
$100 00
Guarantee Deposits .
1,500 00
Redemption of Tax Liens
1,399 37
Balance to 1913, Sundry Persons
619 56
Balance to 1913, Overplus on Tax Sales
118 13
$3,737 06
REPORT OF THE SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
School Committee Rooms, January 2, 1914.
Ordered, that the annual report of the Superintendent be adopted as the annual report of the Board of School Com- mittee, it being understood that such adoption does not commit the Board to the opinions or recommendations made therein ; that it be incorporated in the reports of the City Officers; and that 1,000 copies be printed separately.
CHARLES S. CLARK, Secretary of School Board.
SCHOOL COMMITTEE, 1913.
HENRY H. FOLSOM, .
.
. Vice-Chairman
Members.
EX-OFFICIIS.
Term expires January
CHARLES A. BURNS, Mayor,
27 Thurston street 1914
FRANK R. DUNKLEE, President Board of Aldermen, 5 Prospect Hill avenue 1914
WARD ONE.
MRS. MARY G. WHITING,
Hotel Wadsworth 1914
THOMAS A. KELLEY,
39 Pennsylvania avenue 1915
WARD TWO.
19 Concord avenue 1914
THOMAS M. CLANCY,
52 Springfield street 1915
WARD THREE.
75 Walnut street 1914
ALBERT C. ASHTON,
* CHARLES A. KIRKPATRICK,
|HARRY A. STONE,
MARTIN P. HOGAN,
255 Broadway 1915
WARD FIVE.
103 Central street 1914
5 Norwood avenue 1915
WARD SIX.
44 Cherry street 1914
170 Summer street 1915
WARD SEVEN.
97 College avenue 1914
94 College avenue 1915
Superintendent of Schools. CHARLES S. CLARK.
Office: City Hall Annex, Highland avenue. Residence: 82 Munroe street.
The Superintendent's office will be open on school days from 8 to 5; Saturdays, 8 to 10. His office hours are from 4 to 5 on school days, and 8 to 9 on Saturdays.
Office telephone, 314; house telephone, 12.
Superintendent's office force :- Justin W. Lovett, 29 Cambria street. Mary A. Clark, 42 Highland avenue. Mildred A. Merrill, 26 Cambria street,
* Resigned September 4, 1913.
t Elected September 25, 1913.
Chairman
GEORGE C. MAHONEY,
HENRY H. FOLSOM, HERBERT A. MACDONALD,
FREDERICK A. P. FISKE,
MRS. MARY R. BREWER,
GEORGE C. MAHONEY,
HERBERT CHOLERTON,
33 Columbus avenue 1915
WARD FOUR.
27 Sewall street 1914
254 Broadway 1914
DANIEL H. BRADLEY,
GEORGE E. WHITAKER,
STANDING COMMITTEES, 1913.
Note .- The member first named is chairman. High School -Mahoney, Bradley, Ashton, Hogan, MacDonald, Fiske, Mrs. Whiting.
District I .- Mrs. Whiting, Kelley, Clancy. PRESCOTT, HANSCOM, BENNETT.
District II .- Bradley, Clancy, Kelley. KNAPP, PERRY, BAXTER.
District III .- Whitaker, Ashton, Mrs. Whiting. POPE, BELL, CUMMINGS.
District IV .- Stone, Hogan, MacDonald. EDGERLY, GLINES.
District V .- Folsom, MacDonald, Stone. FORSTER, BINGHAM.
District VI .- Fiske, Mrs. Brewer, Folsom. CARR, MORSE, PROCTOR, DURELL, BURNS, BROWN.
District VII .- Mahoney, Cholerton, Fiske. HIGHLAND, HODGKINS, CUTLER, LOWE.
Finance .- Ashton, Stone, Kelley, Clancy, Whitaker, Folsom, Fiske, Burns, Dunklee.
Text-books and Courses of Study .- Whitaker, Kelley, Clancy, Stone, Folsom, Mrs. Brewer, Cholerton.
Industrial Education .- Ashton, Mrs. Whiting, Clancy, Kelley, Mrs. Brewer, Hogan, Stone.
School Accommodations .- Clancy, Hogan, Whitaker, Stone, Mac- Donald, Mrs. Brewer, Cholerton, Burns, Dunklee.
Teachers .- Fiske, Whitaker, Bradley, Folsom, Mahoney.
Playgrounds and School Hygiene .- Mrs. Whiting, Mrs. Brewer, Cholerton, Kelley, MacDonald. Rules and Regulations .- Bradley, Fiske, Mahoney.
REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS.
To the School Committee of Somerville :-
I have the honor to present the following report of the conditions of the schools for the year 1913. This is the forty- second annual report of the schools and the sixth which I have written.
I have compiled the statistical tables showing the facts of attendance, cost, etc., for the school year ended June 30, 1913. This change was made because by State Law School Com- mittees are required to furnish such statistics to the State Board of Education and because the custom is general for cities to show school statistics for the school year. I have added, how- ever, tables showing the use made of the appropriations for the municipal year. My comments upon the state of the schools relate in general to the municipal year.
It has seemed to me desirable to make a general report of the undertakings which the School Committee have under their charge and to leave detailed statements of special activi- ties to the officers having them in charge.
The Obligations of Public Education.
In seeking to understand the work of any agency the in- vestigator would do well to find the influences which condition that work and to estimate its efficiency with reference to these influences. Sp in making a report upon the work of public schools for another year it seems worth the while to note at the beginning what it is that public schools are today called upon to do in order that a just comparison may be made be- tween their accomplishment and their obligations. In this way only can be brought to view what the schools are doing and why, and in this way only can be made clear what they should do that they are not doing.
Schools are the means by which society seeks to fit its youth to participate in, to maintain and improve the organ- ized social body. The development of the individual is sought not for himself alone but also for the benefit of the society of which he is a part. It therefore follows that the efforts of the schools to prepare youth for social conditions must be shaped by reference to these conditions. Static conditions justify un- changed methods. Changing conditions demand new efforts. That social conditions are static today few are blind enough to affirm. On the contrary it is quite apparent that social condi- tions are in a state of flux, of economic, industrial, and voca- tional change. Other changes there are besides these. The order of a decade or two ago has passed away and a new order is at hand. The schools to perform their mission must adapt their efforts to the new conditions, which they must meet by
151
ANNUAL REPORTS.
altering old methods where necessary, and by making new ones where new ones are needed.
For the needs of earlier days it was conceived to be the chief duty of the schools to impart knowledge to the young, . on the theory that by means of the information thus obtained and the mental training secured from the process of learning the youth would become fitted for useful living and for bear- ing part in support of the institutions of the State. Conse- quently schools were organized with the end in view of im- parting knowledge, and schoolhouses were built with this pur- pose solely in view. Teachers were trained in normal schools and colleges to be skilful in imparting knowledge, grades of information were established to mark the progress of the learner and all the children were offered the same courses, were held to the same requirements and were advanced accord- ing to their ability to master the requirements which were set up because of the aimn which the schools held in view. All honor to the achievements of the schools during these days! It is not disparagement of them to say that the purpose which dominated them is not sufficient for today and that a new purpose has taken the place of the old and has brought with it many conse- quent changes and will bring many others in the future.
The new motive is regard for the child as an individual and one to assume in due time a place as a supporter of the State. As an individual the child should develop in health, happiness, knowledge, and power to do; as a future citizen he should be trained to an inclination and a capacity for useful service. A sound body, a clean heart, a well-informed mind, and faculties trained to service useful to himself and to others are the characteristics which the new motive in education seeks for each individual.
Significant of the new view in education are the recognition of the fact that children vary greatly from one another in physical powers, in aptitudes and inclinations, in home and economic conditions, and in probable length of schooling, and the attempt to provide suitable agencies of education to meet the needs which these varving conditions create. Hence today, while the graded system of schools invented as the best means of imparting knowledge to the youth of a community remains as the framework of the modern city school system the ad- ditions thereto to meet the new demands are numerous and important. A list of these additions would include the follow- ing: Health supervision, including school hygiene; physical training ; provisions for exceptional children such as physically or mentally defective, wayward, slow or brilliant children ; manual training, domestic art and domestic science; vocational education and its complement, the vocational advising of chil- dren ; playgrounds and their supervision ; home and school gar-
155
SCHOOL DEPARTMENT.
dening; classes for new Americans, ignorant of the language ; continuation and part time classes for the youth compelled early to go to work, and night classes of all kinds for youth and adults. If this list seems staggering in its length and significance it must be remembered that the undertaking of the schools is to develop the youth of a community and to fit them for living in a complex social organization. And life is many-sided for the youth of a community as well as for the adults thereof. To meet these needs of children society turns to the schools as in the changes due to growth of cities the homes become less adequate for performing the part in the training of youth which formerly they assumed.
The Educational Offering of Somerville.
This brief survey of the tendencies of public education at the present time gives a standard of comparison for the edu- cational establishment of Somerville. The large body of youth of our city present all the variations of need which are to be found in any city of corresponding size. The absence of in- dustries from the city does not lessen the need of vocational education, for of a certainty the youth must be prepared to earn a livelihood, but it does increase the difficulties of pro- viding such opportunity because of the lack of co-operation from industrial establishments. The increasing number of children and adults coming directly to our city from foreign countries presents a serious problem of properly meeting the needs of non-English speaking pupils.
To meet these standards and local needs Somerville makes provision for
A. General Development and Culture.
B. Specific Development and Efficiency.
C. Exceptional Development.
A. For General Development and Culture there are :- 1. Day.
Kindergartens. Elementary Schools. A High School with general courses.
1
2. Night.
Elementary Schools. A High School with general courses.
B. For Specific Development and Efficiency there are :--
1. Day.
Vocational School for Boys. Vocational School for Girls. High School with a vocational course.
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ANNUAL REPORTS.
2. Night.
Industrial classes for women.
High School with vocational courses.
C. For Exceptional Development there are :- 1. Day. Atypical (2). Ungraded (1). Non-English Speaking (1). 2. Night. Non-English Speaking (2).
4
A. General Development and Culture. The aim in this under- taking is to enable every pupil to gain knowledge of himself, his powers and limitations, to get possession of the elements of culture and to become fit for social service. The means by which these ends are sought in the elementary schools are the school arts,-reading, writing, and arithmetic, language and literature, history and geography, hygiene, including in- struction concerning the effects of alcohol and tobacco, manual and domestic arts, music, drawing, and physical training.
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