Report of the city of Somerville 1913, Part 23

Author: Somerville (Mass.)
Publication date: 1913
Publisher: Somerville, Mass.
Number of Pages: 540


USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Somerville > Report of the city of Somerville 1913 > Part 23


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Very few dairies have been scored by the United States score card because the inspector's time is devoted almost en- tirely to the city work, but I hope during the coming year to so arrange the work that a portion of each week will be given to this very necessary dairy inspection.


Only a few things are absolutely necessary, at the farm, to insure pure, clean milk ;- cleanliness of animals and utensils and the person milking, a hooded milk pail (see cut) and proper iceing. ! 1


Sanitary Hooded Pail, $1.50.


These things cost only a very small sum and once the habit is contracted it will stay with a man the balance of his life.


There have been nine cases of watered milk traced to the farm during 1913. In one instance the case was turned over to the State authorities and one other case to the federal author- ities and the balance were handled by this department.


314


ANNUAL REPORTS.


Infected Milk.


On February 4 and 5, four cases of typhoid fever were reported to this board of health, and upon investigation it was found that all of these patients obtained their milk from a Mr. X. In company with Dr. F. I .. Morse, a visit was immediately made to this farm and samples of blood taken from each per- son who came in contact with the milk.


On examination the same afternoon one showed a positive Widal reaction.


The method of washing bottles was found to be imperfect and the following steps were immediately taken to prevent a further spread of the infection :---


1. The dealer was instructed to boil all cans, pails, bottles and other utensils used in the production and distribution of milk.


2. To pasteurize all milk before delivery the following morning.


3. To isolate the man who responded positively to the Widal reaction, to prevent his coming in contact with the milk, or utensils in any way.


On account of the ineffective apparatus at hand it was found necessary to install a steam boiler in order to carry out the first two requirements; accordingly, that day, a boiler was obtained and the milking utensils and bottles thoroughly treated with live steam and the milk pasteurized in the follow- ing manner :-


The milk in eight and one-half quart cans was placed in a wooden sink, two by six feet, containing water, and steam forced into it until a temperature of 145 degrees Fahrenheit was reached. The milk was held at this temperature for twenty minutes and constantly stirred, after which it was cooled quickly, bottled and stored for delivery the next day.


The State Board of Health commented favorably on this method in their February report and commended this board up- on the promptness and efficiency with which this epi- demic was handled. The cases diminished, the last one being ill on February 15, ten days after these measures were insti- tuted and corresponding to the incubation period of the disease. Cambridge and Arlington also suffered at this time, there being forty-four cases in Cambridge with eight deaths; four cases in Arlington with no deaths; thirteen cases in Somerville with one death, a total of sixty-one cases with nine deaths.


315


HEALTH DEPARTMENT.


Table 5 .- Infantile Mortality.


Year.


Births.


Deaths under 1 year, all diseases.


Deaths due to enteric diseases.


Per cent. of deaths from Entero-Col- itis under one year of age com- pared with births.


1909


1582


162


58


3.6


1910


1558


175


54


3.4


1911


1618


166


48


2.9


1912


1839


142


45


2.4


1913


Birth re- turns in- complete


166


45


It will be seen by consulting Table No. 5, that for the past four years the birth rate has been steadily increasing. The deaths of children under one year of age have been about the same in number but when compared with the births show a smaller percentage each year, while the percentage of deaths from entero-colitis, compared with births has decreased thirty- three and one-third per cent.


I believe this to be a really remarkable showing. Recent research work has shown that the rural death rate is much higher than that of the city and since 1909 the cities have been reducing their death rate very rapidly while the rural death rate remains about the same, showing that the vigorous prolective measures adopted in the large cities are producing results. The value of pure milk cannot be overestimated and no amount of care by the consumer can entirely offset the dangers of polluted milk. On the other hand the cleanest milk will speedily become unfit for the infant if improperly handled in the home.


It would be of great assistance to this department if some means could be devised to get the physicians to report all cases of entero-colitis.


· At present we are obliged to rely on the death returns for data of enteric diseases in children and only the fatal cases come to our attention. If the physicians would report each case they are called to attend the department could determine much more quickly an epidemic from any particular source of supply.


A postal card addressed to the Board of Health stating the name, address, age of patient and source of milk supply would be all that is necessary.


316


ANNUAL REPORTS.


Table 6,-Results of Bacteriological Examinations of Milk, 1913,


Samples from wagons.


Samples from stores.


Samples from dairies.


Bacteria per cubic centimeter.


No.


Per cent.


No.


Per cent.


No.


Per cent.


Below 10,000


35


9.5


0


0.


101


25.2


10,000 to 20,000


71


19.1


0


0.


40


10.


20,000 to 50,000


78


21.2


0


0.


79


19.7


50,000 to 100,000


110


29.7


0


0.


130


32.5


100,000 to 500,000


61


16.4


10


25.


29


7.3


Total under 500,000


355


95.9


10


25.


379


94.7


500,000 to 1,000,000


10


2.7


10


25.


14


3.5


1,000,000 to 5,000,000


3


.8


15


37.5


7


1.8


5,000,000 to 10,000,000


0


0.


2


5.


0


0.


Above 10,000,000


2


.6


3


7.5


0


0.


Total above 500,000


15


4.1


30


75.


21


5.3


Total of samples


370


100.


40


100.


400


100.


Store samples were all from dip tanks.


- Legislation.


July 6, 1913, Chapter 743, known as "An Act Relative to the Manufacture and Sale of Ice Cream," became a law. This act provides that all ice cream must contain at least seven per cent. of milk fat and the enforcement is left with the Depart- ment of Milk Inspection.


July 10, 1913, Chapter 761, known as "An Act to Safeguard the Public Health Against Unclean Milk Containers and Appli- ances used in the Treatment and Mixing of Milk," was passed.


This act provides that all milk utensils shall be thoroughly cleaned and free from foreign deposits upon the inside. A penalty of fifty dollars is provided for violations.


June 26, 1913, Chapter 96, known as "A Resolve to provide


317


HEALTH DEPARTMENT.


for the encouragement of dairying and the production of milk and dairy products of superior quality," was passed. This re- solve provides that the State Board of Agriculture shall offer prizes for the best kept stables, best quality of milk, and lowest bacteria counts, or as said board sees fit. An annual appropria- tion of $5.000 was provided to cover prizes and traveling ex- penses.


As a result of this measure on December 2, 3 and 4, 1913, at Springfield, Mass., a milk show was held. This was the largest show of the kind ever held in the world. Cash, ribbons and medals were given as prizes for clean milk, as determined by the Lorenz method, low bacteria counts and perfection from a chemical standpoint. A prize was also given for the best screened stable.


It is a significant fact that both first prizes were won by women.


These measures were the best of a large number that were presented to the legislature of 1913. During the coming year there will doubtless be a still larger number presented for con- sideration, and I trust that all persons and organizations will bear in mind the fact that what is most needed is not additional laws governing the production, transportation and sale of milk but co-operation between the various departments who now have the supervision of the matter, i. e., federal, state and municipal. No condition can arise that cannot be controlled by these three departments if given sufficient means to carry on their work. When appropriations are made sufficiently large to enable the various departments to carry on the work assigned them, then satisfactory results will be obtained. The federal authorities have the power to control all interstate problems. State author- ities can compel the sanitary production and enforce standards throughout the commonwealth and local authorities can handle any and all conditions within their borders.


Money and men are needed and multiplicity of laws will lead only to confusion and misdirected effort.


Respectfully submitted,


HERBERT E. BOWMAN,


Inspector of Milk and Vinegar.


SUPPORT OF POOR DEPARTMENT.


Board of Overseers of the Poor. HENRY F. CURTIS, M. D., President, ALBERT W. EDMANDS, Vice-President. PHILIP KOEN.


Committees. ON FINANCE, INVESTIGATION AND RELIEF, AND CITY HOME-Dr. Curtis, Mr. Edmands and Mr. Koen.


Secretary. CORA F. LEWIS.


1


. ...


Clerk. JEANNETTE M. HUTCHINS.


General Agent. CHARLES C. FOLSOM.


City Physician. C. CLARKE TOWLE, M. D.


Warden and Matron, City Home. Mr. and Mrs. J. FOSTER COLQUHOUN.


Office.


City Hall Annex, Highland Avenue.


REPORT OF OVERSEERS OF THE POOR.


Somerville, Mass., December 31, 1913.


To His Honor, the Mayor, and the Board of Aldermen of the City of Somerville :-


Gentlemen,-Herewith the Board of Overseers of the Poor presents its report for the year 1913, which includes the reports of the agent and the warden of the city home.


Our one trouble for the past year, and what is likely to con- tinue, is to interpret the act of the Legislature relating to "aid- ing mothers with dependent children." While heretofore aid from this department has disqualified recipients from acquiring a residence in our city this act simply annuls. this provision and distinctly from its passage places such persons outside the accepted requirements of this board.


This act is so vague in its wording as to make possible a large additional expense for this department.


We trust that further legislation will make it more accept- able. If this is not done, we believe it should be placed outside the work of this department.


The matter of asking a discount on our small two-dollar orders, from dealers over the city, has been discussed many times by this board. We have interviewed all parties to find, if possible, the practical working of this plan. Our judgment is, that it would benefit the city less than it would harm the recip- ients of our city's charity. What has been said many times of this department we think holds good for the past year. The work has been carefully and faithfully done. All needy ones, so far as we have been able to learn, have received sympathetic and charitable aid.


The work at the home has been, as usual, acceptable, and the hospital has proved its need and usefulness in the treat- ment of an unusual number of serious cases. But for the un- avoidable loss of some of our stock, and rather poor returns from celery, the profits from the farm would have excelled former years. We would again call attention to the need of an office for the warden and some kind of reception room for visitors to the inmates.


Very respectfully,


HENRY F. CURTIS, A. W. EDMANDS, PHILIP KOEN,


Overseers of the Poor.


REPORT OF THE GENERAL AGENT.


Somerville, Mass., December 31, 1913.


To the Overseers of the Poor, Somerville, Mass .:-


Gentlemen,-As we look back over the past year, we find that as a whole it has been a very busy one. The most im- portant event for us was the passing by the Legislature of chapter 763 entitled, "An act to provide for suitably aiding mothers with dependent children under fourteen years of age." This has increased our work in the office to quite an extent and I find that the action of the board in supplying a perma- nent, instead of a temporary, clerk was a very wise and fortunate move, as the work for the board of health has in- creased and the bookkeeping at the city home of course takes some of her time. The clerk selected has proved herself very efficient and a great help to the agent and warden.


There seems to have been an impression throughout this city, as well as all through the state, that the above mentioned act provided a pension for all widows regardless of their condi- tion or income or fitness to bring up or care for their children, but this is not the case. We have to certify on each notice sent to the state (and we are obliged to send a notice whether they are city or state cases) that the mother is fit to bring up hier children and that the other members of the household and the surroundings of the home are such as to make for good character; we also have to certify as to the resources of the family, how many children over fourteen who are able to work and how much they earn, how much the mother can earn with- out neglecting her family. All of these and many other facts have to be ascertained and certified to in each case. The state visitor then makes a visit to the family and investigates and in some cases does not agree with our findings, but we are generally able to harmonize our differences and agree although we find it is very easy for the last visitor to find fault with whatever the first one does or suggests. After some experience we are led to believe that it will take more than a few weeks or even months to change the way of living, the location of the homes and the habits, etc., of any people, whether they be rich or poor-but if we are patient and keep at our work, wonders can be performed in time, provided we supply the necessary aid to change the conditions. This law was passed and went into effect after our appropriations were made, so of course we were obliged to go to the mayor and aldermen for an additional appropriation to meet the demands made upon us. Applica- tions have been made to us by about fifty different widows or deserted women for aid under this law, but for various reasons we have been obliged to refuse quite a number of them. Some have moved away, but we are aiding at the close of the year about forty families under this law, twelve of them are settled in other cities or towns, and six are families having no settle-


321


SUPPORT OF POOR DEPARTMENT.


ment in the commonwealth. We send bills to the state for the full amounts in the latter cases, and for the out-of-town cases bills for two-thirds are sent to the place of settlement and one- third to the state. We also send bills to the state under this law for one-third of the amount agreed upon between the city and the state in our city cases.


During the year we distributed about 100 tons of coal amounting to $862.67, food $6,520.35, cash paid out $1,308.46. We caused to be collected and turned over to the Somerville Hospital $2,079.27, $3,904.15 was paid other cities and towns. For assistance in burials $173.00, medicine $230.02, and for other things as seemed necessary amounting in all to $21,827.73.


Business has been fairly good and very few men, com- paratively, have been out of work.


Once more I wish to thank the members of the board for their kindness and willingness to help and advise at all times. Attached please find tables to show the work in detail.


Very respectfully, C. C. FOLSOM, General Agent.


322


ANNUAL REPORTS.


Table No. 1. FULL SUPPORT (During the Year.)


In city home (men 43, women 31) 74 .


In city home, December 31, 1913 (men 21, women 18) . 39


3 In private families In hospitals for the sick in other towns, cities, and state .


58


In care of state division minor wards (children)


8


Table No. 2. PARTIAL SUPPORT (OUTDOOR RELIEF).


Families


254


Persons aided (including hospital cases) ·


1,163


Burials .


10


Permits to state infirmary


7


Average expense to the city for each (carriage for five)


$3.28


Table No. 3. AID UNDER 1913 LAW,


Number of applications from widows or deserted women 55


Number of families aided at close of year . 39


Number of children


149


Amount earned by mothers and children over fourteen, each week $189 00


Or average of $1.90 per week each family.


Amount allowed each family, from $2.00 to $9.00 per week


Number of out of town families .


Number having no settlement 6


12


Many of the above families were aided previous to September under the old law.


323


SUPPORT OF POOR DEPARTMENT.


Table No. 4. REIMBURSEMENTS.


Commonwealth of Massachusetts .


$1,275 88


City of Boston


66


66 Brockton


66


Cambridge


674 53


66


66


Everett


21 43


66


.€ Lowell .


66


66 Lynn


41 50


66


66


Medford


14 00


66


Newton


161 56


66


Quincy


17 14


66


66


Salem


55 71


66


66


Waitham


12 00


66


66


Woburn


101 53


Townof Arlington


78 20


66 Burlington


66


66


Clinton


4 29


66


66


Concord


8 25


66


66


Gardner


25 71


66


66 Hanover


93 86


66


66


Lexington


45 71


Natick


17 14


66


Provincetown


9 25


66


66


Saugus


13 00


66


66 Warren


10 00


66


66 Westminster


21 43


66


66


Weston


1 50


66


66


Whitman


136 75


60


66


Winthrop


15 71


36 15


Soldier's relief (for medicine)


99 85


Money not called for


4 43


$4,701 92


Table No. 5. SOMERVILLE HOSPITAL (PATIENTS ON CITY BEDS).


Patients having settlement in Somerville


115


Patients having settlement in other cities or towns .


49


Patients having no settlement (chargeable to state) .


88


Total number of patients sent to hospital .


252


Money paid hospital by the city for patients settled in Somerville


.


$5,000.00


Amount reimbursed to the city and paid to the hospital for patients not settled in Somerville


2,079.27


Total paid to the hospital


$7,079.27


66


66 Malden


201 74


66 Haverhill


40 50


28 57


236 99


New Bedford


78 20


Relatives


.


1,108 76


41 71


324


ANNUAL REPORTS.


Table No. 6. POPULATION AND GROSS EXPENDITURES, 1883 TO 1913, INCLUSIVE.


Year.


Population (Estimated).


Expenditures.


1883


27,000


$15,959.80


1884


.


28,000


17,272.52


1885


*29,992


16,430.32


1886


32,000


14,341.83


1887


34,000


13,430.89


1888


36,000


13,375.98


1889


39,000


14,610.92


1890


*40,117


15,261.14


1891


43,000


15,980.49


1892


46,000


17,015.30


1893


48,000


17,799.58


1894


50,000


19,733.13


1895


*52,200


20,755.46


1896


54,000


21,999.79


1897


56,000


25,681.47


1898


57,500


28,522.21


1899


60,000


28,924.39


1900


*61,643


Miscellaneous, $23,697.62


29,226.45


City Home,


5,528.83


1901


62,500


City Home,


6,622.43


1902


63,500


City Home, 7,396.64


Miscellaneous, $30,470.20


38,018.59


City Home, 7,548.39


Miscellaneous, $20,476.54


27,039.65


1904


69,500


City Home, 6,563.11


Miscellaneous, $17,527.88


25,002.24


1905


*69,272


City Home, 7,474.36


Miscellaneous, $18,237.53


25,044.32


City Home, 6,806.79


1907


74,000


City Home, 7,001.23


1908


75,500


City Home, 6,875.56


1909


75,500


City Home, 7,562.83


1910


*77,236


City Home,


7,695.89


Miscellaneous, $16,327.56


24,169.59


1911


78,000


City Home, 7,842.03


1912


81,000


Miscellaneous, $19,201.33


28,200.30


City Home, 8,998.97


1913


82,000


Miscellaneous, $21,827.73


32,773.68


City Home,


10,945.95


*Census


.


1906


72,000


Miscellaneous, $17,852.20


24,853.43


Miscellaneous, $17,955.34


24,830.90


Miscellaneous, $16,843.17


24,406.00


Miscellaneous, $16,110.42


23,806.31


Miscellaneous, $29,171.15


35,793.58


Miscellaneous, $28,667.04


36,063.68


1903


65,500


325


SUPPORT OF POOR DEPARTMENT.


Overseers of the Poor of Somerville. SINCE THE REORGANIZATION IN 1885.


+ Hon. Mark F. Burns, chairman ex-offcio . 1885


1888 inclusive


+ Colonel Herbert E. Hill 1885


1889


+ Charles S. Lincoln, Esa., chairman ·


1885


1887


Hon. Edward Glines .


1885


1887


Charles G. Brett (president 1888-1892) .


1885


April 1893


66


Edward B. West (president May, 1894 to February, 1912 .


1888


1912


66


+ Daniel C. Stillson


1888


April 1892


+ Hon. Charles G. Pope, chairman ex-of-


ficio


1889


1891


Nathan H. Reed (president 1893 to April, 1894)


1890


April 1894


+ Hon. William H. Hodgkins, chairman ex- officio


1892


1895


"


James G. Hinckley .


. May 1892


1894


66


Albert W. Edmands


. May 1893


to date*


66


Herbert E. Merrill . . May 1894


1909


66


+ Ezra D. Souther


1895


Feb. 1898 (Died)


Hon. Albion A. Perry, chairman ex-officio, 1896 James H. Butler . March 1898


1899


66


Hon. George O. Proctor, chairman ex-of- ficio


1899


Henry F. Curtis, M. D. .


1910


to date*


Philip Koen


1912


to date*


* Present member.


+ Deceased.


Table No. 8. RECAPITULATION (MISCELLANEOUS).


Appropriation and transfers .


$21,827 73 4,701 92


Total receipts .


$26,529 65


Total expenditures


$21,827 73


Net expenditures


·


·


$17,125 81


·


·


.


.


·


1898 inclusive


Reimbursements


326


ANNUAL REPORTS.


REPORT OF WARDEN OF CITY HOME.


City Home, January 1, 1914.


To the Overseers of the Poor, Somerville, Mass .:-


Gentlemen,-I submit the following as the report of the warden of the city home for the year ending December 31, 1913 :-


Table No. 1. REIMBURSEMENTS.


Farm produce sold .


4,925 11


Board of sundry persons


601 04


$5,526 15


Table No. 2. LIVING EXPENSES.


Salaries and wages .


$3,915 76


Groceries ·


1,967 55


Provisions


.


.


1,027 65


Dry goods


231 26


Boots and shoes


137 29


Grain


461 75


Hay


421 60


Seeds


94 84


House furnishings


12 83


Kitchen furnishings


73 77


Sundries


257 95


Cash paid by warden, car fares, for warden, inmates and laborers .


48 25


Medicine


172 04


Shoeing horses


62 95


Live stock


100 00


Three horses


650 00


Repairs on sash


55 00


Repairs on wagons


11 45


Telephone


46 11


Farm sundries


388 51


Pig account


536 45


Ice


45 35


Credits :-


Farm produce .


$4,925 11


Board of sundry persons


.


.


.


$5,526 15


Net living expenses . .


.


$5,192 21


.


$10,718 36


.


601 04


327


SUPPORT OF POOR DEPARTMENT.


Table No. 3.


Number of weeks' board of inmates


1,992 2-7


Number of males admitted during 1913


23


Number of females admitted during 1913 . 18


Number of males discharged during 1913 . 14


Number of females discharged during 1913,


10


Number of males supported during 1913 .


41


Number of females supported during 1913 .


32


Number of males died during 1913


8


Number of females died during 1913 .


5


Number of inmates in home December 31, 1913


39


City Home Hospital.


Number of weeks' board


276 5-7


Number of inmates admitted


31


Number of patients in hospital December 31, 1913


Table No. 4. FARM ACCOUNT. REIMBURSEMENTS,


Farm produce sold .


$4,925 11


Produce used at city home


300 00


Milk used at city home .


444 30


$5,669 41


EXPENSES.


Wages for help


$1,356 73


Farm sundries


.


362 11


Pig account


556 95


Repairs on wagons and sash .


66 45


Shoeing one horse .


20 96


Feed for one horse .


147 22


Feed for three cows


441 66


Seed and fertilizer .


94 84


Live stock


100 00


Three horses


650 00


$3,796 92


Balance


$1,872 49


Table No. 5.


Repairs on pig yards and green house Painting walls and general repairs


$227 59


Living expenses


10,718 36


$10,945 95


.


·


328


ANNUAL REPORTS.


Table No. 6.


Reimbursements


Net expenditures


.


.


$5,526 15 5,419 80


Total expenditures Appropriation


$10,945 95


10,500 00


Overdraw


$445 95


Owing to the loss of one horse through sickness and two horses disposed of on account of old age, the balance in favor of the farm has been reduced this year by the amount of $650 paid for three new horses to take the place of those disposed of. Respectfully submitted, J. FOSTER COLQUHOUN,


Warden.


REPORT OF THE CITY PHYSICIAN.


OFFICE OF THE CITY PHYSICIAN, Somerville, January 1, 1914.


To His Honor, the Mayor, and the Board of Aldermen :- Gentlemen,-Services rendered for the city during the year 1913 are summarized in the following abstract :-


Office consultations and treatments


642


Total outside visits


1,242


Confinements


11


Vaccinations .


92


Visits at city home


88


Attended at police station


44


Examinations :-


For legal department


24


For highway department


15


For fire department


3


For water department


.


2


For school department .


.


.


2


. Respectfully submitted, C. CLARKE TOWLE, City Physician.


330


ANNUAL REPORTS.


REPORT OF THE CITY ENGINEER.


OFFICE OF THE CITY ENGINEER, CITY HALL, SOMERVILLE, JANUARY 22, 1914. To His Honor, the Mayor, and the Board of Aldermen :-


Gentlemen, -- In accordance with the provisions of the city charter, the following report of the work done and expense incurred for the year ending December 31, 1913, by the En- gineering department and appropriations under my charge and supervision, including the accounts of City Engineer, Grade Crossings, Sewers Construction, Sewers Maintenance, Public Grounds, Parks and Playgrounds and other public works, is herewith presented.


ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT.


City Engineer Account. Statement of Expenses, 1913.


Salary of City Engineer


$3,000 00


Salaries of assistants (see itemized state-


ment following) 7,296 34 · Stakes, tools, and general supplies (outside. work) 166 71


Draughting materials and office supplies (inside work) .


145 36


Car fares and miscellaneous expenses (as- sistants) . 185 88


Maintenance of automobile and motor


637 73


Setting stone bounds


12 35


Telephone, postage and expressing


90 98


Incidentals


32 00


Total debit . 0


$11,567 35


CREDIT.


Appropriation . .


$11,500 00


Amount received for making acceptance


plans, transferred from Revenue ac- count


50 00


Amount received from other accounts, services rendered


17 57


Total credit


$11,567 57


Balance unexpended


$ 0 22


.


cycle


331


CITY ENGINEER.


Classification of Expenses, Assistants' Salaries.


Sewers,-comprising surveys, estimates, profiles, lines,


grades, titles, plans, assessments, and all engineer- ing work relating to sewers $1,316 10 . Highways, -- comprising plans, estimates, titles, profiles, lines and grades, inspection of paving, and all other engineering relating to the department . 912 30




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