USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Somerville > Report of the city of Somerville 1913 > Part 22
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Percy A. Hall, 2 Studio building, Davis square.
Henry W. Perry, 529 Medford street, Magoon square.
298
ANNUAL REPORTS.
Eugene B. Carpenter, 10 Broadway.
Richardson Pharmacy, 310 Broadway.
George E. Wardrobe, 693 Broadway.
Willis S. Furbush & Co., 1153 Broadway.
After the specimen is collected it must be taken to the culture station or sent directly to the laboratory at the city hall.
spUndertakers.
Under the provisions of section 44 of chapter 78 of the 1 evised laws of 1902, twenty-two persons have been duly licensed as undertakers.
Examiners of Plumbers.
The public statutes provide for a board of examiners of plumbers, consisting of the chairman of the board of health, the inspector of buildings, and an expert at plumbing, to be ap- pointed by the board of health. This board appointed Duncan C. Greene, the inspector of plumbing, to fill the place of expert. The number of licenses granted will be found in the report of the inspector of buildings.
Financial Statement for 1913.
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
CREDIT.
Appropriation
$10,400 00
Appropriation
350 00
Received from Commonwealth of Massa- chusetts
1 14
Received from
Contagious Hospital ac-
count .
21 60
Total credit
$10,772 74
DEBIT.
Salaries
4,300 00
Burying dead animals .
85 75
Books, stationery, postage, etc. .
153 47
Bacteriological laboratory
60 70
Board of agent's horse .
336 00
Horseshoeing
31 25
Repairing harnesses
29 60
Repairing vehicles .
153 50
Telephones
154 98
Care of diseases dangerous to the public
health (settled in Somerville)
5,136 94
Incidentals
205 88
Total debit
$10,648 07
Amount unexpended
$124 67
:
·
299
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
Inspection of Animals and Provisions.
CREDIT.
Appropriation .
$1,250 00
DEBIT.
Salary of Inspector .
$1,200 00
Sundry expenses
33 38
Total debit
$1,233 38
Amount unexpended
$16 62
Inspection of Milk and Vinegar.
CREDIT.
Appropriation .
$1,800 00
DEBIT.
Salary of Inspector .
$1,300 00
Office and laboratory expenses
126 53
Maintenance of Inspector's auto .
343 88
Total debit
$1,770 41
Amount unexpended
$29 59
Inspection of School Children.
CREDIT.
Appropriation .
$2,150 00
DEBIT.
Salaries
$1,744 83
Incidentals
30 43
$1,775 26
Transferred to Health Department
350 00
Total debit .
$2,125 26
Amount unexpended
$24 74
Contagious Hospital.
CREDIT.
Appropriation
·
$12,000 00
Appropriation
1,000 00
Appropriation
4,000 00
Total credit
..
$17,000 00
Salaries
$7,991 21
Groceries and provisions
6,960 83
Supplies
1,350 35
Incidentals
688 58
Total debit
$16,990 97
Amount unexpended
.
.
·
.
.
$9 03
.
.
.
1
DEBIT.
.
300
ANNUAL REPORTS.
:--
Appropriations Unexpended.
Health Department
$124 67
Inspection of Animals and Provisions .
16 62
Inspection of Milk and Vinegar
29 59
Inspection of School Children
24 74
Contagious Hospital
9 03
.
Total amount unexpended $204 65 WESLEY T. LEE, M. D., Chairman, JACKSON CALDWELL, JOHN A. BLASER,
Board of Health.
REPORT OF THE MEDICAL INSPECTOR.
Somerville, January 1, 1914. To the Board of Health of the City of Somerville :-
Gentlemen,-I herewith present the report of the medical inspector for the year 1913, including the statistics of the con- tagióus disease hospital and the bacteriological laboratory.
Scarlet Fever. During the year 208 cases of this disease were reported in the city, an increase of fifty-one in number over the previous year. Every case has been inspected, before the house was fumigated, and 156 visits were made at resi- dences to determine when desquamation was complete.
Diphtheria. During the year 161 cases of diphtheria have been reported in the city, an increase over the previous year, when 101 cases were reported. The same restrictions are placed upon all cases, and before patients are released from quarantine two successive negative cultures must be obtained. It is optional with the attending physician to take the first culture, but the second must be taken by the medical inspector, and during the year 161 visits were made at houses for this pur- pose.
Typhoid Fever. During the year sixty-six cases of this disease were reported, an increase of twenty-three over the previous year.
Tuberculosis. One hundred and eighty cases of tuber- culosis were reported during the year, an increase of twenty- five over the year previous. In November, 1906, following a conference with the overseers of the poor, these cases, which had been previously cared for medically by the city physician, were transferred to the board of health and the medical inspec- tor instructed to care for them. During 1913 such cases have been transferred to the new tuberculosis hospital for treatment.
Ophthalmia Neonatorum. Thirty-three cases of this disease were reported to the board during 1913, all of which were visited and such action taken as was necessary to prevent blindness.
Contagious Disease Hospital.
In September, 1906, following a change in the city charter, the city physician, who, up to this time, had treated the cases at the hospital, was relieved of this duty, and the care of the patients transferred to the medical inspector on October 1. During 1913 this arrangement has continued, 360 visits having been made at the hospital during the year.
302
ANNUAL REPORTS.
Scarlet Fever. During the year eighty-two cases of scarlet fever were admitted, four of which proved fatal, two dying within twenty-four hours. Forty-four of these cases were among males, and thirty-eight among females. Fifteen were under five years of age, thirty-one from five to ten years, and the remainder, thirty-five, were over ten years. Vomiting was a constant symptom, it occurring in forty-nine cases, and a sore throat in sixty-three cases. In four cases the rash occurred on the first- day of illness, in thirty-six cases on the second day, in ten in- stances on the third day, and three on the fourth day. There was membrane present on the tonsils in twenty cases; in four cases the disease was complicated with nephritis; in four cases with rheumatism; in eleven cases with discharging ears, with three mastoid operations ; in nine with enlarged cervical glands, two of which were opened, and in addition two had diphtheria on admission, and one mumps. The average stay in the hos- pital was forty days. One patient developed varicella nine days after admission.
One patient was operated on for suppurating axillary glands, and two patients were attended by their own physician.
Diphtheria. During the year ninety-one cases of diphtheria were admitted, ten of which proved fatal. Of these patients, thirty-seven were among males and fifty-four among females. Nineteen were under five years of age; forty-one were from five to ten, and the remainder, thirty-one, were over ten. Five entered the hospital on the first day of their illness, and all re- covered. Twenty-eight entered the second day of the illness, all recovered ; nineteen on the third day, with one death; eight on the fourth day, with no deaths ; seven on the fifth day, with one death ; two on the sixth day, both dying ; six on the seventh day, three dying. The importance of early treatment with anti-toxin is thus very obvious. Of the twenty-one laryngeal cases sixteen came to intubation, twelve of whom recovered. In nineteen patients the membrane extended over both tonsils, uvula and palate, fourteen recovering. The throat was clear of mem- brane in seven cases on the second day, in twelve cases on the third, in ten cases on the fourth, in nineteen cases on the fifth, in eleven on the sixth, in three on the ninth, one on the eleventh, three on the twelfth, and one on the fourteenth. In twenty- nine patients eruptions appeared on the body due to the use of the anti-toxin, and in three patients joint pains occurred from the same cause, two patients had enlarged cervical glands. The average stay in the hospital was seventeen days. Of the ten deaths during the year, three died within one hour of admis- sion, two being intubations and one septic. One case had scar- let fever upon admission. Two cases were attended by their own physicians.
303
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
Tuberculosis.
In March, 1911, the tuberculosis hospital, accommodating eighteen patients, was completed by the building commissioner and transferred to the board, the first patient being admitted March 8. During 1913 eighty-four patients ill with this disease have been admitted, and several times during the year the hospi- tal has reached its normal capacity, which indicates its well- founded need.
Many of these patients were in the advanced stage of the disease, thus removing from the patients' homes the danger of infection of the members of the family. Nineteen deaths have been recorded.
Other patients have been discharged with the disease ar- rested, and others have been transferred to the state hospitals for treatment. The need of this department will be more marked during the coming year, and recommendations should be made to provide for its enlargement.
Other Diseases.
Thirteen other patients have been admitted during the year as follows : Five cases of measles, two of erysipelas, one of ton- silitis, and five mental cases, were also admitted to the hospital, upon the request of the police department, as required by Chapter 394, Acts of 1911. The latter patients were cared for in a room on the first floor of the hospital and attended by police officers if they were males, and nurses if females. The accom- modations were visibly inadequate for such patients, and they were usually committed to an insane hospital on the following day.
304
Patients Treated at the Contagious Hospital.
Admission by Months.
DISEASE.
Remaining
January.
February.
March.
April.
May.
June.
July.
August.
September.
October.
November.
December.
Remaining
January 1, 1914.
Scarlet fever .
5
9
5
10
4
1
5
4
1
10
10
12
11
82
64
LA
19
Diphtheria .
3
6
11
6
9
5
6
3
9
1
8
00
18
91
71
10
13
Tuberculosis . .
17
7
7
6
00
7
5
10
7
5
. 00
9
9
84
63
19
19
Totals
25
22
23
22
21
13
16
12
17
16
27
30
38
257
198
33
51
ANNUAL REPORTS.
aminations were made for the diagnosis of the case, sixty prov-
Diphtheria.
Eight hundred and twenty-six cultures have
females. Diphtheria being a disease of children, 218 of these
examinations have been made in children under five years of
age, 276 in those from five to ten years of age, 132 from ten to
twenty, and 196 in adults over twenty years. In four cases the
age of the patient was not stated. Four hundred and two ex-
been examined for diphtheria, 387 being in males, and 439 in
During the year 1913, 826 examinations were made of cul- tures for the diphtheria organism, 294 examinations made of
examinations to detect the Widal reaction in typhoid fever. sputum from patients suspected of having tuberculosis, and 156
Bacteriological Department.
.
.
·
January 1, 1913.
Total admitted.
Discharged.
Died.
-
305
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
ing positive and 342 negative. Of the positive results, fifteen were of cases in which the attending physician's diagnosis of diphtheria was confirmed, thirteen in which the clinical diagno- sis was not diphtheria, and thirty-two in which no definite diag- nosis was made. Of the 342 negative examinations, forty-one were obtained in which the clinical diagnosis was diphtheria, 111 in which the diagnosis was not diphtheria, and 110 in which no diagnosis had been made.
Four hundred and twenty-four cultures were taken for release of patients from quarantine, eighty-six of which were positive and 339 negative. The importance of taking release cultures is demonstrated by these figures, these patients show- ing the presence of the bacilli in the throat after the clinical evi- dence of the disease had disappeared. In two examinations there was no growth upon the serum tube.
Tuberculosis. Two hundred and ninety-four examinations have been made of sputum suspected of containing the tubercle bacillus, 107 of which were positive and 187 negative. In 137 cases a definite diagnosis of this disease had been made by the attending physician, but in sixty-five of them the organism could not be detected. In the remainder of the cases, ninety- one were stated as not showing evidence of the disease, eighteen being positive, and in sixty-six cases no statements were made giving information as to its character, seventeen of which were positive. One hundred and fifty were males and 144 females. Although printed directions accompany each outfit, telling how the specimen should be obtained, it has not been unusual for specimens to be sent to the laboratory containing only saliva from the mouth, with no excretion from the lungs or bronchial tubes. Physicians should be urged to give definite instructions to each patient, relating to the collection of the sputum, for in some instances a negative report would mislead both physi- cian and patient. Comsumption to-day is recognized as an in- fectious disease, and all persons afflicted with it should be in- structed in the modern methods for preventing its spread. In some cases this is not done by the attending physician, and dur- ing the past ten years your board has required that this disease be reported to you, as other infectious diseases are, and that printed instructions and advice be sent to each patient ill with the disease. The decrease in the death rate of consumption, and the cure of persons afflicted with it, is due to the improved and intelligent manner with which cases are treated, and the prevention of further spread of the disease is a subject which is of importance to all local boards of health.
Typhoid Fever. One hundred and fifty-six examinations of the blood of patients suspected of having typhoid fever have been made, twenty-four of which proved positive. In fifty-
306
ANNUAL REPORTS.
three cases a positive diagnosis of this disease had been made by the attending physician, in twenty-one cases it was stated not to be typhoid fever, and in the remainder no statement was made relating to the diagnosis. Of the negative results, thirty- four were diagnosed as typhoid, twenty-one were said not to be typhoid, and in seventy-seven no diagnosis was made. Ninety- six were males and sixty females.
Yearly Average for Ten Years .- 1903-1912. Diphtheria Cultures.
No. Examined. Males
Females
0-5
5-10
10-20
Age not No stated growth
1,041
465
573
305
328
177
Over 20 199
15
7
1913
826
387
439
218
276
132
196
4
0
For Diagnosis Clinical Diagnosis Diph. Clin. Diag. not Diph. Clin. Diag. not stated
Positive
Negative
Positive
Negative 112
52
177
1913
402
15
41
13
111
32
190
For Release
Positive 122
Negative 483
1913
86
338
Sputum for Tuberculosis.
Clin. Diag. Tuberculosis Positive Negative
No. Examined 184
Males 87
Females 96
Positive 30
Negative 153
14
45
1913
294
150
144
107
187
72
65
Clinical Diagnosis not Tuberculosis Positive
Negative
Positive
Negative
7
65
9
44
1913
18
73
17
49
Blood for Typhoid Fever.
Clin Diag. Typhoid Fever
No. Examined Males
Females
Positive 51
Negative 70
20
13
1913
156
96
60
24
132
19
34
Clin. Diag. not Typhoid Fever
Positive
Negative
Clin. Diag. not stated Positive Negative
4
6
11
51
1913
0
21
5
77
Respectfully submitted,
FRANK L. MORSE,
Medical Inspector.
Positive
Negative
431
42
35
12
Positive
Negative
101
57
44
Clinical Diagnosis not stated
REPORT OF THE INSPECTOR OF ANIMALS AND PROVISIONS.
Somerville, Mass., January 1, 1914. To the Board of Health of the City of Somerville :-
Gentlemen,-I herewith present my report for the year ending December 31, 1913 :-
Inspections.
Cold storage houses
122
Wholesale meat houses .
160
Retail grocery and meat markets . .
2987
Retail fish markets .
.
456
Retail pedlers wagons .
.
1435
5160
The cold storage houses, grocery, meat and fish markets as a rule are kept in a good sanitary condition.
The following list shows the goods condemned during the year :-
Meats.
Fresh beef, 911 pounds; corned beef, 580 pounds; lamb, 576 pounds; poultry, 687 pounds; fresh pork, 192 pounds; salt pork, 97 pounds; liver, 48 pounds; hamburger steak, 34 pounds; tripe, 145 pounds; pigs' feet, 138 pounds; veal, 197 pounds.
Eggs.
Eggs, 21 dozen.
Fish.
Haddock, 615 pounds; halibut, 216 pounds; pollock, 165 pounds; sal- mon, 107 pounds, swordfish, 69 pounds; shad, 43 pounds; herrings, 1,650 pounds; mackerel, 297 pounds; clams, 6 quarts; clams, 2 bushels; oysters, 2 gallons.
Fruit.
Oranges, 9 boxes; grapefruit, 2 1-2 boxes; lemons, 19 dozen; straw- berries, 39 quarts; blackberries, 31 quarts; raspberries, 21 cups; grapes, 17 baskets; bananas, 138 dozen; cantaloupes, 17 crates; apples, 12 bushel.
Vegetables.
Cabbage, 6 barrels; string beans, 9 baskets; celery, 34 bunches; cauli- flower, 39 head; rhubarb, 5 crates; tomatoes, 39 baskets; onions, 14 bushels; turnips, 8 barrels; asparagus, 37 bunches; squash, 5 barrels; sweet potatoes, 9 crates; potatoes, 21 bushels: greens, 11 bushels; lettuce 8 dozen.
1
Slaughter House Inspection.
Each week during the year I have been in attendance at the N. E. D. M. & W. Co., and the N. P. & P. Co., every other week, Sturtevant & Haley Beef & Supply Co.
J. P. Squire once every three weeks and Walter Gordon Co., (poultry and swine) once a week.
It must be understood that I am on call at all times at any of these places when my presence is required.
308
ANNUAL REPORTS.
The following list shows the number of animals slaughtered in this city during the year :--
Swine
1,181,515
Cattle
.
.
35,173
Calves
73,608
Sheep
425,665
1,715,961
Animals.
A close watch has been kept of all the domestic animals in the city and 468 visits have been made at the stables during the year.
No.
Quarantined.
Killed
Released
Horses
4,408
65
55
10
Cows
.
.
46
4
2
2
Goats
.
.
2
0
0
0
Swine
112
0
0
0
Dogs
6
2
0
2
Total
. 4,574
71
57
14
All blacksmith shops, cow stables and stables for horses were whitewashed and disinfected during the year.
Bakeries have been required to screen all doors and win- dows, and 776 inspections have been made.
Barber shops are required to keep in a sanitary condition all the time and to properly sterilize their utensils.
Factories.
There have been 185 inspections of factories during the year. Daily assistance has been rendered Mr. Page in his work as sanitary inspector and in conveying patients to the contagious hospital by ambulance.
Respectfully submitted, CHARLES M. BERRY,
Inspector of Animals and Provisions.
·
.
REPORT OF THE INSPECTOR OF MILK AND VINEGAR.
LABORATORY OF THE INSPECTOR OF MILK AND VINEGAR,
City Hall, Somerville, Mass., January 1, 1914. To the Board of Health of the City of Somerville :-
Gentlemen,-I herewith present my annual report for the year ending December 31, 1913.
On the above date there were in this city licensed to sell milk, 400 stores and seventy-eight pedlers, and thirteen stores to sell oleomargarine.
Sixty-seven stores have gone out of business or changed hands during the year.
Of the seventy-eight pedlers thirty-five are located in this city and forty-three in the neighboring cities and towns.
There are approximately 6,200 gallons of milk distributed in Somerville daily and sixteen dealers selling pasteurized milk supply over one half of this amount.
Financial Statement.
$1,800 00
License fees
.
194 50
Fines
62 00
$535 50
$1,264 50
Balance unexpended
29 59
Actual expenses of department
$1,234 91
Figured on a population of 82,000 and an appropriation of $1,800 the expenses of this department were (2-1-10) two and one-tenth cents per capita.
Table 1.
Months.
License
Issued.
License
Fees.
Analytical
Fees.
Cash paid
City Treas.
Analyses
on Account.
Income for
Dept.
January
.
·
8
$4.00
$3.00
$7.00
$11.50
$18.50
February .
11
5.50
2.00
7.50
11.50
19.00
March
6
3.00
1.00
· 4.00
7.00
11.00
April
22
11.00
7.50
18.50
8.50
27.00
May
280
140.00
1.50
141.50
6.00
147.50
June
158
79.00
. .
79.00
18.50
97.50
July .
13
6.50
1.00
7.50
19.00
26.50
August
16
8.00
3.00
11.00
16.00
27.00
September
14
7.00
...
7.00
15.00
22.00
October
12
6.00
1.50
7.50
21.00
28.50
November
10
5.00
. .
5.00
10.00
15.00
December.
8
4.00
.50
4.50
29.50
34.00
Total
558
$279.00
$21.00
$300.00
$173.50
$473.50
Appropriation, 1913
$279 00
Fees for analysis
.
Total
310
ANNUAL REPORTS.
Table 2.
Months.
Chemical
Collections.
Bact.
Collections.
Total
Collections.
Samples
left at
Office.
Lorenz
Tests.
Total
Examina-
tions.
January
63
102
165
23
27
215
February
25
7
32
27
83
142
March
82
67
149
16
81
24
April
99
76
175
32
27
234
May
82
40
122
15
29
166
June .
90
86
176
37
·
213
July .
51
40
91
40
11
142
August
59
48
107
38
7
152
September
113
62
175
30
. .
205
October
74
85
154
47
5
211
November
97
82
179
20
24
223
December
41
125
166
59
18
243
Total
876
820
1,696
384
312
2392
Table 3.
Months.
Chem.
Notices.
Bact.
Notices.
Sanitary
Notices.
Total
Notices.
Infections.
Infected
Samples.
January
7
14
5
26
114
3
February .
5
1
5
11
44
0
March
8
5
9
22
38
1
April
8
5
14
27
80
0
May .
15
4
8
27
25
0
June .
10
8
9
27
30
0
July .
14
5
12
31
41
0
August
5
5
14
24
30
0
September
16
4
5
25
77
0
October
4
3
5
12
80
0
November
9
5
4
18
113
0
December
5
7
8
20
81
3
·
Total
106
66
98
270
753
7
City Inspection.
The department work in the city proper covers the super- vision of milk at the receiving stations, the taking of tempera- tures, examination of utensils and wagons, examination of milk from dairies for visible dirt and bateriological standard, inspec- tion of milk plants and stores and the taking of samples of milk at railroad stations, teams, stores, lunch rooms and hotels.
311
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
Laboratory work consists of the analysis of milk, cream, butter, ice cream and vinegar, chemically and bacteriologically, with the exception of butter and vinegar (which are not ex- amined bact.); the sterilization of all apparatus used in this work; notifying dealers of chemical, bacteriological and sani- tary violations and the prosecution of court cases where advice and instruction do not accomplish the required results. Ice cream was added to the work of this department in July, when Chapter 743 of the Acts of 1913 became a law.
Nuisances dealt with by this department were as follows : Dirty milk containers, improper tasting of milk, milk containing foreign substance, improper use of milk bottles, dirty tanks, dirty chests, high temperature, unsanitary cow barn, tuberculous cattle, impure certified milk, and milk believed to be infected.
Recommendation. Bottle Law.
I believe it would be of great advantage to the consumers of milk and this department if this board should enact a regula- tion prohibiting the sale of milk in any other way than in sealed containers, except in such places where milk is to be consumed upon the premises. This would relieve the department of a great deal of store inspection and the time could be given to advantage to country inspection.
I believe that there is practically no criminal adulteration in the city. Poor quality milk is due to carelessness and negli- gence and would be largely overcome by a regulation of this character. More time could be devoted, to advantage, to the cleanliness and method of handling at the source of supply.
312
ANNUAL REPORTS.
Table 4.
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
MILK INSPECTION-CITY.
Samples of milk and cream for chemical analysis Number found below grade . Samples of milk and cream for bacteriological analysis Number found above 500,000 bacteria per C.C.
... .
1,069
916
1,001
876
... .
163
98
146
106
281
1,024
740
820
Temperatures of milk and cream taken
1,350
1,520
1,500
1,690
INSPECTIONS.
Number of stores and depots handling milk
. ...
588
575
559
480
...
985
980
1,002
753
Number of inspections made Number of re-inspections made .
.. .
25
125
120
687
Number found contrary to regulations
25
123
118
98
Average number of inspec- tions per store .
....
.
.. .
LICENSES.
Number of licenses for
wagons issued . .
. . . .
109
105
98
78
Number of licenses for stores issued ·
472
470
461
480
. . . .
. .. .
1
2
2
. .. .
2
1
0
LEGAL CASES.
Suits instituted
4
22
10
9
7
Convictions
4
20
9
8
6
Pending
0
0
0
0
0
Fines imposed
$40
$145
$125
$100
$62
MISCELLANEOUS MILK DATA.
Total daily supply (gals.) .
. . . .
5,707
5,800
6,000
6,200
Percent of milk pasteurized .
....
40
44
44
56
8
9
9
9
9
Average price of milk, winter Average price of milk, summer Letters or orders sent. (See sanitary notices.)
8
8
8
8
. .
52
62
102
66
3
.
· · · ›
Number of licenses refused . Number of licenses revoked .
...
313
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
Country Inspections. Dairies.
The inspection of dairies has been principally accomplished by laboratory methods. Occasionally it has been necessary to visit dairies and make suggestions as to desired changes.
By the Lorenz method the milk from each dairy is ex- amined for visible dirt; dairies that cannot be examined in this manner, because a strainer has been in use at the farm, are ex- amined bacteriologically and notices are sent, when there is a variation from our requirements.
A milk may be free from visible dirt and yet have a high bacteriological count if not properly cooled when shipped and stored.
By straining out the dirt you are simply resorting to "wash- ing filth." All the soluble portions which contain the germs (diseased or otherwise) remain in the milk waiting a favorable opportunity to multiply; i. e., when the milk becomes warm to anywhere above 50 degrees Fahrenheit.
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